Publications

[incidence of complement fixation antibodies against rotavirus in children].		1980	6247234
shift in the prevalent human rotavirus detected by ribonucleic acid segment differences.	rotavirus was purified from nine patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis from october to december, 1978, in mexico city. analysis of their ribonucleic acids by gel electrophoresis showed the presence of two distinct patterns (2s and 22) which had been observed in 1977, but which now were found in a very different proportion: the pattern called 2s, observed in only 11% (6 of 52) of the patients in 1977, was found in 90% (8 of 9) of the patients in 1978. improvements in the electrophoreti ...	1980	6247273
different polypeptide composition of two human rotavirus types.	human rotaviruses, which are placed into two groups according to their ribonucleic acid patterns obtained by gel electrophoresis, were characterized both by polypeptide components from purified virions and by polypeptides translated from their denatured ribonucleic acids in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. viruses assigned to different groups differed in the electrophoretic migration of the second largest of the polypeptides which compose the inner shell; polypeptides that had been synthetized in vi ...	1980	6247284
seroepidemiology of rotavirus infection in rural bangladesh.	a prospective seroepidemiological study of rotavirus infection was performed in children in a village in rural bangladesh. ninety-three percent of the children had detectable antibodies during the study, and there were 66 significant rises in titer occurring in 57 of the 85 children. antibody titer rises occurred in older children and younger children with equal frequency. nine children (11%) had evidence of multiple infections during the 16-month period. winter infections were most frequent, al ...	1980	6247368
an outbreak of rotavirus infection in a long-stay ward of a geriatric hospital.	an outbreak of rotavirus infection in elderly patients in a long-stay ward of a geriatric hospital is described. virus was detected in 7/15 (47%) symptomatic individuals. four members of staff were among those affected. the findings emphasise the need for electron microscopy to be used in the initial investigation of outbreaks of diarrhoea in all age groups.	1980	6247370
isolation of a recombinant between simian and bovine rotaviruses.	a recombinant between simian rotavirus, simian agent 11 (sa-11) and bovine rotavirus, neonatal calf diarrhoea virus (ncdv), was obtained by mixed infection of ma-104 cells with ncdv and u.v.-irradiated sa-11 virus, and isolation of a plaque formed in the presence of anti-ncdv serum. the genome of the recombinant contained dsrna segments 4, 5 and 10 derived from sa-11 virus and segments 1, 2, 3, 6 and 11 derived from ncdv, and segments 7, 8 and 9 of undetermined origin. polypeptides vp4, vp5, vp7 ...	1980	6247439
chronic rotavirus infection in immunodeficiency.	the characteristics of rotavirus infection in 23 children with a variety of primary immunodeficiency diseases were studied. stools and sera were tested for rotavirus by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the enzyme-linked fluorescent assay, respectively. four immunodeficient patients had diarrhea during the study period and all had rotavirus infection; rotavirus was not detected in the stools of the 19 asymptomatic immunodeficient patients. forty-six control children with diarrhe ...	1980	6247473
concentration of seeded simian rotavirus sa-11 from potable waters by using talc-celite layers and hydroextraction.	there is mounting evidence for the waterborne transmission of diarrhea caused by rotaviruses. as a result, proper techniques are required for their recovery from samples of incriminated water. the combined efficiency of the talc-celite technique and polyethylene glycol 6000 hydroextraction was, therefore, tested for this purpose, using simian rotavirus sa-11 and ma-104 cells. conditioning of the dechlorinated tap water samples was carried out by ph adjustment to 6.0 and the addition of earle bal ...	1980	6247971
micro-organisms in outpatient infantile gastroenteritis.	this study reports the results of an examination of the stools of 58 infants with gastroenteritis who were seen as outpatients. the stools were examined by routine bacterial culture, and by electron microscopy for virus particles. the stools of a comparable control group of infants who had no gastrointestinal symptoms were also similarly examined. enteropathogenic escherichia coli, salmonella sp., and rotaviruses, as well as other viruses, particularly adenoviruses and coronaviruses, were isolat ...	1980	6247977
[presence of enteric viruses in non-diarrheic canine stools].	rota-, corona- and parvovirus particles have been visualized by direct electron microscopy in canine stools collected at random in paris streets. a possible involvement of these viruses in gastroenteric diseases is discussed in the light of these findings.	1980	6248263
rotavirus in buenos aires, argentina.	rotavirus was studied over a 1-year period in 141 hospitalized children suffering from gastroenteritis and in 120 control children. electron microscopy and discontinuous counterimmunoelectrophoresis techniques were employed with equal success. rotavirus was detected with high frequency in children suffering from diarrhea (45 cases; 32%) and in only 2 cases (1.6%) of the control group. a marked seasonal distribution, with 80% in july (winter) and a decrease (0%) in december (summer), was observed ...	1980	6248485
disease due to enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in bangladeshi adults: clinical aspects and a controlled trial of tetracycline.	the clinical characteristics of disease due to enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) were determined in 88 adult males admitted to a hospital in dacca, bangladesh, with moderate to severe dehydration. persons infected with etec strains producing both heat-labile toxin (lt) and heat-stable (st) toxin had more dehydration and acidosis, longer duration of illness, and greater stool volume than persons infected with strains producing only st. tetracycline therapy, evaluated in 63 cases, resulted i ...	1980	6248600
rotavirus and other viral diarrhoeas: who scientific working group.	recent evidence indicates that viruses are an important cause of acute diarrhoea in infants and young children in both developed and developing countries. this article reviews the available information on the epidemiology, clinical features, and laboratory diagnosis of acute diarrhoea due to two of the more important and recently discovered viruses, namely rotaviruses and the norwalk and norwalk-like agents, or to other viral agents. research priorities are also recommended that will help to elu ...	1980	6249509
epidemiology of acute gastroenteritis in early childhood in kenya. iii. distribution of the aetiological agents.		1980	6249565
passive immunity in calf rotavirus infections: maternal vaccination increases and prolongs immunoglobulin g1 antibody secretion in milk.	ten heifers were inoculated on two occasions with an inactivated preparation of tissue culture-grown calf rotavirus, and a further ten heifers received a placebo vaccine. serum anti-rotavirus antibody titers were significantly increased throughout pregnancy in the vaccinated group. after calving, the mean neutralizing antibody titer of colostral whey in control cows was 100, associated with immunoglobulins a and g1. no antibody was detected in the milk of these cows after the 4th day postpartum. ...	1980	6249739
comparison of electron microscopy and immunofluorescence in cell culture for rotavirus detection.		1980	6249856
rotavirus gastroenteritis in the washington, dc, area: incidence of cases resulting in admission to the hospital.	the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and children that required admission to the hospital was estimated for a defined population of approximately 105,000 individuals, including 29,000 children aged 15 years or younger whose primary health care was provided by group health association, inc, a health maintenance organization in the washington, dc, area. from january 1977 through march 1979, almost all infants and children in this age group who required hospitalization for gastroen ...	1980	6250399
electron microscopic identification and subsequent isolation of a rotavirus from a dog with fatal neonatal diarrhea.	negative contrast electron microscopic examination of intestinal contents from a 3-day-old pup with fatal diarrhea exhibited numerous rotavirus-like particles. rotavirus was subsequently recovered, using mdck cells, and was carried through 11 sub-passages; rotavirus-like particles were identified in each passage by negative contrast electron microscopic examination. experimental inoculation of two 6-month-old beagle dogs with purified intestinal contents did not result in clinical signs or virus ...	1980	6250431
comparative study on the mechanisms of rotavirus inactivation by sodium dodecyl sulfate and ethylenediaminetetraacetate.	this report describes a comparative study on the effects of the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate and the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetate on purified rotavirus sa-11 particles. both chemicals readily inactivated rotavirus at quite low concentrations and under very mild conditions. in addition, both agents modified the viral capsid and prevented the adsorption of inactivated virions to cells. capsid damage by ethylenediaminetetraacetate caused a shift in the densities of rotavi ...	1980	6250474
effects of wastewater sludge and its detergents on the stability of rotavirus.	wastewater sludge reduced the heat required to inactivate rotavirus sa-11, and ionic detergents were identified as the sludge components responsible for this effect. a similar result was found previously with reovirus (r. l. ward and c. s. ashley, appl. environ. microbiol 36:889-897, 1978). the quantitative effects of individual ionic detergents on rotavirus and reovirus were very different, and rotavirus was found to be extremely sensitive to several of these detergents. however, neither virus ...	1980	6250475
proteolytic enzymes and rotavirus sa-11 plaque formation.	in addition to trypsin, eight other proteolytic enzyme preparations were tested for their ability to assist simian rotavirus sa-11 plaque formation in ma-104 cells. when incorporated in the overlay (minimal essential medium and 0.7% ionagar no. 2) in the concentrations per ml indicated, alpha-chymotrypsin (10 micrograms), elastase (0.5 micrograms), subtilisin (0.5 micrograms), pronase (2.5 micrograms) and pancreatin (25 micrograms) were as efficient as trypsin (5 micrograms) in helping sa-11 pro ...	1980	6250685
diagnosis of rotavirus, adenovirus, and herpesvirus infections by immune electron microscopy using a serum-in-agar diffusion method.	the sensitivity of immune electron microscopy (iem) for the detection and identification of bovine rotavirus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr), and canine adenovirus has been studied by using the serum-in-agar (sia) method in which a specific antiserum has been incorporated in agar.	1980	6250692
epidemiology of acute gastroenteritis in early childhood in kenya. v. an inverse relationship between the peak age-incidence and the waning of rotavirus maternal antibodies.		1980	6250785
approaches to immunization of infants and young children against gastroenteritis due to rotaviruses.	recent studies have shown that in developed countries rotaviruses are the single most important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis that requires hospitalization of infants and young children. although deaths from gastroenteritis are, in general, infrequent in the developed countries, an effective rotavirus vaccine would clearly be of benefit to reduce the heavy toll of morbidity from gastroenteritis due to rotavirus. in the developing countries the impact of diarrheal diseases is staggeri ...	1980	6251528
detection of rotavirus by serological trapping on antibody-coated electron microscope grids.	a serological trapping technique for detecting rotaviruses is described which involves coating electron microscope grids with protein a and specific rotavirus antiserum. the presence of a layer of antibodies on the grid increases the number of rotavirus particles that can be visualized. thirty-five crude fecal extracts from infants suffering from diarrhea were examined by the serological trapping technique and by standard electron-microscopy. when the specimens were deposited on antibody-coated ...	1980	6252237
rotavirus-like, calicivirus-like, and 23-nm virus-like particles associated with diarrhea in young pigs.	virus particles morphologically similar to caliciviruses and rotaviruses were detected by electron microscopy (em) in the intestinal contents of a 27-day-old diarrheic nursing pig. a third small spherical 23-nm virus-like particle was also observed. calicivirus-like particles averaged 33 nm in diameter. similar to rotaviruses, rotavirus-like particles were present as single-capsid 55-nm forms or double-capsid 70-nm particles. most gnotobiotic pigs orally exposed to samples containing these three ...	1980	6252238
rotavirus infection in young children in the highlands of papua new guinea.	rotavirus infections were detected by electron microscopy examinations in 54 of 66 children (82%) with acute gastroenteritis which necessitated admission to hospital during april to july, 1979, in the highlands of papua new guinea. longitudinal epidemiological studies may confirm rotavirus infections to be more important aetiolgical agents of childhood gastroenteritis in this region than in many other countries studied to date.	1980	6252422
[acute diarrhea caused by rotavirus: various clinical aspects].		1980	6252578
[diarrhea in children due to a new viral agent].		1980	6252637
[neonatal diarrhoea in calves (author's transl)].		1980	6252651
epidemiology of acute gastroenteritis in early childhood in kenya: aetiological agents.	in a case-control study of 36 infants and children admitted to kenyatta national hospital with acute gastroenteritis and an equal number of age and sex-matched controls, rotavirus was found to be the major aetiological agents; 39% of the 36 children had evidence of rotavirus infection as opposed to 2 (6%) in controls. six shigella species were isolated from the test group and none from the control. no significant difference was found between children with diarrhoea and controls wth regard to fre ...	1980	6252669
[rotavirus gastroenteritis in children (a review of the literature)].		1980	6252693
[antibodies to rotavirus in human milk (author's transl)].	116 human milk specimens taken from 36 women during the first 10 days after delivery were investigated for antibodies against rotavirus by crossimmunoelectrophoresis. antibodies were detected in 37 specimens from 24 women, the antibody titers proved to be lower than the serum antibody titers. antibody concentrations in the colostral and transitory milk samples declined continuously during the 10 days after delivery. women with high serum antibody titers against rotavirus possessed antibodies in ...	1980	6252721
establishment of rotavirus persistent infection in cell culture. brief report.	inoculation of the rabbit kidney cell line (rk13) with simian rotavirus sa11 resulted in persistently infected (carrier) cultures. a small percentage of these cells produced infectious virus (> 25 passages) and trypsin treatment enhanced virus production.	1980	6252868
factors contributing to postweaning diarrhoea in a large intensive piggery.	some aspects of postweaning diarrhoea (pwd) in a piggery during the first week after early weaning were investigated. a haemolytic enterotoxigenic strain of e. coli (o149:k88:h10) was regularly recovered from piglets with pwd while rotavirus was demonstrated on a number of occasions. prior to weaning piglets were either free of, or shed very few, haemolytic e. coli in their faeces. however, all piglets were excreting haemolytic e. coli between 5 and 7 days after weaning. the role of rotavirus in ...	1980	6252883
escherichia coli and rotavirus infections in four-week-old gnotobiotic piglets fed milk or dry food.	a haemolytic enteropathogenic e. coli (wg) and pig rotavirus were isolated from a field case of postweaning diarrhoea in pigs. four-week-old gnotobiotic piglets fed on milk diet were found to be extremely susceptible to infection with wg e. coli. piglets were less susceptible to the infection immediately after the diet was changed from milk to dry food, and were almost completely resistant 4 days after the change to dry food. there was no difference in the clinical response to infection with wg ...	1980	6252884
attachment of sa-11 rotavirus to erythrocyte receptors.	treatment of human group o and sheep erythrocytes with receptor-destroying enzyme rendered them inagglutinable by simian rotavirus sa-11. the erythrocyte receptors were also removed by periodate oxidation and markedly reduced by incubation with a high concentration of trypsin, but they were not altered by infectivity-enhancing concentrations of trypsin, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, or sodium sulfite (na2so3). hemagglutinating activity of the virus particles was destroyed by periodate oxidation at 3 ...	1980	6253396
four-layer radioimmunoassay for detection of adenovirus in stool.	a four-layer antispecies radioimmunoassay (ria) was developed for the detection of adenovirus in stool specimens. polystyrene beads were used as the solid phase, anti-adenovirus guinea pig immunoglobulin (1 microgram per bead) was used as the primary antibody, anti-adenovirus rabbit immunoglobulin (16 micrograms/ml) was used as the secondary antibody, and 125i-labeled sheep anti-rabbit immunoglobulin was used as the indicator antibody. a highly purified, crystallized adenovirus type 2 hexon anti ...	1980	6253516
rotavirus infection.		1980	6253532
'new' enteric infections.		1980	6253980
[rotavirus in infantile diarrhea (author's transl)].		1980	6254124
an epidemic of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in a nursing home for the elderly.	92 cases of acute gastroenteritis were registered among 256 individuals during an outbreak in a nursing home for the elderly, the majority of patients being between 70 and 90 years of age. most cases appeared in 4 of the 8 wards; 66% of the inmates of these wards became ill. characteristic symptoms were initial nausea and vomiting followed by diarrhoea and low fever. a number of patients were severely ill. one patient died. rotavirus infection was diagnosed by virus detection and/or antibody tit ...	1980	6254138
cryptosporidia associated with rotavirus and an escherichia coli in an outbreak of calf scour.		1980	6254229
new emerging viral zoonoses.	new developments in the field of viral transmission from animal to man can be divided into four areas of study. first are the new viral zoonoses such as diseases caused by rotaviruses, lassa virus and the animal orthopox viruses which will be more prevalent after the cessation of mandatory vaccination against smallpox. secondly are the numerous ubiquitous viruses, such as adeno and herpesviruses, which in healthy animals lead only to clinically inapparent infections. a typical example of the thi ...	1980	6254232
rotavirus antibody in chickens as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent blocking assay.	the antibody titer of 202 chickens to sa-11 rotavirus was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent blocking assay. the chickens were from 15 separate flocks on six farms. the titer was detectable (1:18 or greater dilution) in 43% of the chickens. the wide variation in infection rate between flocks on individual farms (0% to 90%) indicated there is probably not significant transmission of the virus between flocks on the farm. significant differences in numbers of serotest-positive birds were fou ...	1980	6254403
susceptibility of nonhuman primate species to infection by simian rotavirus sa-11.	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay examination of sera from three nonhuman primate species demonstrated the presence of antibody reacting with simian rotavirus sa-11 and calf rotavirus c486. the occurrence of this antibody in sera from adult, wild-caught animals suggests natural rotovirus infection. the occurrence of antibody was highest in the chimpanzee and declined, respectively, in the rhesus macaque and in the squirrel monkey. inoculation of three infant rhesus macaques, a nursery-reared chi ...	1980	6254409
escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin in feces and intestines of calves with diarrhea.	two experiments were conducted to evaluate detection of escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (st) in the feces of calves as a method for implicating e coli in neonatal calf diarrhea. the first experiment evaluated the use of the infant mouse test for detection of st in the feces of calves with naturally occurring diarrhea. simultaneous identification of bovine enteropathogenic strains of e coli (eec) and of other infective agents implicated in neonatal calf diarrhea was attempted in these sa ...	1980	6254411
isolation of pig rotavirus in france. identification and experimental infections.	rotavirus had been demonstrated in france, in diarrheic pig faeces by electron microscopy and elisa. field isolates were pathogenic for hd piglets and antigenically related to american osu rotavirus as demonstrated by protective feedings experiments.	1980	6254431
oral rehydration therapy for treatment of rotavirus diarrhoea in a rural treatment centre in bangladesh.	in november 1977, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting rotavirus antigen was introduced in the laboratory of a rural treatment centre in bangladesh. during the next 40 days rotavirus without other pathogens was found in the stools of 216 (45%) of 480 children under age 5 years who visited the centre with a gastrointestinal illness. 188 (87%) of these children were treated with oral rehydration alone, using the solution currently recommended by the world health organisation, while 2 ...	1980	6254447
electron microscopy detection and characterization of viral particles in dog stools.	a number of apparently normal dog stool samples, randomly collected on the sidewalks of paris were examined by electron microscopy. the study revealed the presence of viral particles in 27 cases. morphological criteria lead to the characterization of rotavirus in 2 specimen, coronavirus in 7 and parvovirus in 5. rotavirus particles appeared always alone while coronavirus and parvovirus particles were present together in 5 cases. similar particles have been implicated in animal and human gastroen ...	1980	6254477
management of acute infectious diarrhea.		1980	6254722
epidemiology of acute gastroenteritis in early childhood in kenya. vi. some clinical and laboratory characteristics relative to the aetiological agents.		1980	6254746
changes of the rotavirus concentration in faeces during the course of acute gastroenteritis as determined by the immune adherence hemagglutination test.	concentrations of rotavirus were studied in serially sampled faecal specimens from 55 patients with acute gastroenteritis, utilizing the immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha) test. rotavirus antigen was detected in 45 (82%) out of 55 cases. in the faeces which were positive for rotavirus antigen, the concentrations reached their maximum titer shortly after the onset of the illness and diminished gradually until the 9th day.	1980	6254777
comparison of human rotaviruses isolated in mexico city and in santiago, chile, by electrophoretic migration of their double-stranded ribonucleic acid genome segments.	during the period october to december 1979, rotaviruses were obtained from infants and young children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in mexico city and were compared by analysis of the migration of their double-stranded ribonucleic acid (rna) genome segments in gel electrophoresis. comparison of the results of this analysis and of those of similar studies carried out in 1977 and 1978 showed that the two rotavirus electropherotypes designated 2s and 21 have been continuously present and ...	1980	6254887
rotavirus in newborn nurseries: negative results from honolulu and the new hebrides.		1980	6254908
prevention of murine rotavirus infection with chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins.	passive protection of infant mice against murine rotavirus was achieved with use of immunoglobulins from the eggs of chickens. immunoglobulins were obtained by vaccinating hens with simian rotavirus, collecting the eggs after a high level of immunoglobulins was reached in the hen's serum, and isolating the water-soluble fraction from these eggs. the water-soluble fraction was then given twice daily to three-day-old mice to protect them from infection with murine rotavirus. the protection was fou ...	1980	6255039
investigation of immunoperoxidase-labelled rotavirus in tissue culture by light and electron microscopy.	a tissue culture-adapted strain of bovine rotavirus, grown in calf kidney monolayers, has been examined by light and electron microscopy after immunoperoxidase labelling. some of the characteristic problems associated with pre-embedding methods have been demonstrated. preparative techniques involving pretreatment of infected cells with a detergent followed by a detergent/fixative combination have enabled virus antigen to be labelled while maintaining satisfactory ultrastructural preservation.	1980	6255085
canine viral enteritis: prevalence of parvo-, corona- and rotavirus infections in dogs in the netherlands.	after a brief review of the present knowledge about canine viral enteritis, the role played by parvoviral, coronaviral and rotaviral infections in contagious diarrhoea in dogs in the netherlands is discussed. for this purpose a serologic survey, pathologic findings in dogs, and the demonstration of parvoviral antigen with an immunofluorescence test and with a newly developed haemadsorption-elution-haemagglutination assay (heha) are presented. it is concluded that infections with canine parvoviru ...	1980	6255629
diarrhoea in unweaned piglets associated with rotavirus and coccidial infections.		1980	6255671
rapid random-donor screening for the selection of viral antibody-containing blood donations.	we describe a 3 1/2 year trial in which we used immunofluorescence to detect and titrate antibody to six common viruses in normal healthy blood donors drawn at random from west and south east scotland. the trial was designed to allow selection of blood donations rich in specific antiviral antibody for inclusion in the plasma pool which would, in turn, be used for the preparation of specific antiviral immunoglobulin. the results show the natural frequency of occurrence of antibody to different vi ...	1980	6255854
scanning electron microscopy of intestine of gnotobiotic piglets infected with porcine rotavirus.	the development of intestinal lesions caused by the porcine rotavirus were studied in six day old gnotobiotic piglets by scanning electron microscopy. the onset of diarrhea followed an incubation period of 17 to 31 hr. the first detectable lesion was observed in the ileum at 12 hr postinfection, a few hours before the onset of diarrhea. at this time enterocytes appeared swollen and began to separate from each other. seventeen hours after the onset of diarrhea, lesions were quite severe jejunum a ...	1980	6256040
the role of trypsin in plaque formation by simian rotavirus sa-11.	the role of trypsin in plaque production by simian rotavirus sa-11 monolayers of ma-104 cells are investigated. initial trypsin treatment of the virus alone or its presence only during the early phases of virus-cell interaction was found to be insufficient for plaque production by the virus. presence of trypsin (5 microgram/ml) in the agar overlay throughout the five day incubation period was essential for the optimal development of the virus plaques. production of plaques by the incorporation o ...	1980	6256042
a simple method for the purification of 5-aminosalicylic acid. application of the product as substrate in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa).	commercially available 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-as) was recrystallised in the presence of na2s2o5. a completely colourless solution was obtained when the purified product was dissolved at a concentration of 1 mg/ml in a phosphate buffer containing edta and h2o2. no significant increase in absorption was found upon storage for 18 h at 4 degrees c. a 8-fold increase in sensitivity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of rotavirus antigens was demonstrated by using the modified ...	1980	6256447
[rotavirus infections in the province of ancona. sero-epidemiological studies].		1980	6264870
[rotavirus infections in general medical practice].		1980	6259573
epidemiology of acute diarrheal disease.		1980	6259574
rotavirus infection in young gambian village children.		1980	6259780
[rotavirus enteritis in children].	recent clinical experience with twelve cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis has enabled us to review this subject. after a historical introduction and a review of the literature, two patients are described in detail. the clinical and laboratory data of all the twelve children are reviewed and compared with cases reported in the literature. these observations suggest several conclusions: the disease is very contagious. the patients present with diarrhoea lasting a few days, vomiting and fever. they ...	1980	6257626
measurement of immunoglobulin a, g, and m class rotavirus antibodies in serum and mucosal secretions.	a solid-phase, enzyme-linked immunospecific assay for measurement of different immunoglobulin classes of human rotavirus antibodies is described. the antigen, which was adsorbed directly to polyvinyl microtiter plates, consisted of a clarified cell culture stock of the simian rotavirus sa 11. the assay was sensitive and reproducible and could readily be calibrated to determine concentrations of each class of antibody. the assay was applied to measurements of rotavirus antibodies in serum, colost ...	1980	6260831
transfer of antirotaviral antibodies from mothers to their infants.	levels of rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, igm, and secretory immunoglobulin in maternal and cord serum, colostrum and milk, and infants' stools were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 92 mothers and their infants. although antirotaviral igg, iga, and secretory immunoglobulin were present in most maternal sera, only igg crossed the placenta. all samples of colostrum and milk tested contained antirotaviral secretory immunoglobulin and iga except those of two women in ...	1980	6260832
[complement fixation test in the identification of human rotavirus].		1980	6262902
gastroenteritis with special reference to rotavirus.		1980	6261552
pathogenesis of rotaviral enteritis in gnotobiotic pigs: a microscopic study.		1980	6261614
rotavirus infection in foals.	fecal samples from 86 foals with diarrhea were examined by electron microscopy during a 2.5 year period. of these, 26 (30%) were positive for rotavirus. all of the cases were found in epizootic areas. the disease was produced in an experimental foal by inoculation via stomach tube of a bacteria-free fecal filtrate containing rotavirus. examination of postmortem tissues from the duodenum and jejunum of 2 naturally infected foals and an experimentally infected foal revealed replicating virus in th ...	1980	6261616
coproantibody response to rotavirus infection.	during three months after a family outbreak of diarrhoeal disease, rotavirus-specific immunoglobulins of the iga, igg and igm classes were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in faecal extracts from the four people involved. shortly afterwards, sequential extracts were obtained from another infant after a proven rotavirus infection. rotavirus infection was diagnosed by electron microscopy in three of the patients from whom acute-phase faecal samples were obtained, and all five patients ...	1980	6259502
mucosal cell shedding in rotavirus infection.		1980	6261729
non bacterial gastroenteritis.		1980	6262231
enhanced production of infectious rotavirus in bsc-1 cell cultures by various factors in the presence of absence of trypsin.	bovine rotavirus infectivity for continuous green monkey kidney (bsc-1) cells was enhanced in hypertonic medium and following incorporation of cortisol, retinoic acid and vitamin b12 into the cell culture maintenance medium. the virus yields produced under these conditions were similar whether obtained in the presence or absence of trypsin. infectivity titres were increased following the incorporation of trypsin in the maintenance medium throughout the infection cycle but remained unchanged afte ...	1980	6262438
rotavirus serotypes by serum neutralisation.	a neutralisation test using cell culture and indirect immunofluorescence was applied to isolates of rotavirus from 55 patients with gastroenteritis, in order to determine serotypes. frequent cross-reactions were observed, but subsequent statistical analysis confirmed the existence of at least three distinct serotypes. some results, not sufficient for analysis, suggest that at least five serotypes probably exist. it is suggested that two or more viral polypeptides might be involved in neutralisat ...	1980	6262451
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection and identification of coxsackie b antigen in tissue cultures and clinical specimens.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed for the identification of coxsackie b antigens. this assay was capable of identifying and distinguishing all six coxsackie b serotypes at concentrations one hundredfold to ten thousandfold less than could be detected by complement fixation (cf) systems. in addition, the coxsackie b elisa correctly identified the presence of coxsackie b antigen in 19 of 21 tissue culture fluids and five of nine rectal swab specimens. two additional r ...	1980	6262456
comparison of enzyme-immunoassay and radioimmunoassay for detection of human rotaviruses and adenoviruses from stool specimens.	an enzyme-immunoassay (eia) using polystyrene beads as the solid phase, guinea pig anti-rotavirus or anti-adenovirus immunoglobulin as primary antibody, rabbit anti-rotavirus or anti-adenovirus immunoglobulin as secondary antibody, and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated swine anti-rabbit immunoglobulin as indicator antibody, has been developed for the detection of human rotavirus and adenovirus antigens from stool specimens. a comparison of the developed eia and radioimmunoassay (ria) used previo ...	1980	6262339
[diarrhea due to rotavirus infections].		1980	6100908
[a study of the ultrastructure of human rotavirus].		1980	6100909
preponderance of rotavirus in clumped form in patients with acute gastroenteritis.		1980	6104011
detection of rotavirus particles from patients with gastroenteritis.		1980	6104152
detection of rotavirus particles from patients with gastroenteritis.		1980	6104153
prospects for new viral vaccines.	animal virology has made outstanding contributions to preventive medicine by the development of vaccines for the control of infectious disease in man and animals. cost-benefit analysis indicates substantial savings in health care costs from the control of diseases such as smallpox, poliomyelitis, yellow fever and measels. areas for further development include vaccines for influenza (living, attenuated virus), the herpes group (varicella: cytomegalovirus), respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus a ...	1980	6106250
an outbreak of rotavirus infection among adults in a cardiology ward.		1980	7185915
new concepts in viral gastroenteritis.	the use of negative contrast electronmicroscopy of stool suspension in the investigation of the aetiology of childhood gastroenteritis has led to the recognition of a number of candidate viral agents. there is convincing evidence that rotavirus is the single most important cause of community acquired gastroenteritis, and is responsible for some nosocomial outbreaks. the epidemiology of rotavirus acqusition, differential clinical susceptibilities of young and older infants, pathogenesis of diseas ...	1980	7390621
etiology of summer diarrhea among the navajo.	the etiology of diarrhea in children and adults on the navajo indian reservation was investigated in august 1975. fifty-six ill individuals and 37 controls were included in the study. shigella was most commonly associated with diarrhea, and was isolated from 32% of ill children and adults. fifty percent of shigella isolates tested were resistant to ampicillin. heat-stable enterotoxin-(st)-producing organisms were associated with noninflammatory diarrhea in adults (27% of these cases had st-produ ...	1980	7406112
rotavirus infections in infancy.		1980	7427619
[studies of carbohydrate absorption in clinically healthy and diarrheal calves].	reported in this paper are results obtained from functional and morphological studies into absorption of carbohydrates by clinically intact and diarrhea calves. in that context, the xylose-stress test was used for functional determination of enteral absorption. diarrhoea, caused in the calves by several pathogens, such as rotavirus, escherichia coli, and salmonella dublin, led to significant impairment of carbohydrate absorption in the gastro-intestinal canal. however, glucose absorption was not ...	1980	7447599
handwashing to prevent diarrhea in day-care centers.	diarrhea has been recognized as a frequent health problem among children enrolled in day-care centers. thus, we evaluated the effect of a handwashing program in two day-care centers (hwc) on the incidence of diarrhea among children when compared to children in two control centers (cc). after the program was begun, the incidence of diarrhea at the hwc began to fall and after the second month of the study was consistently lower than that at the cc. the incidence of diarrhea in the hwc was approxim ...	1981	7211827
baby pig diarrhea caused by coccidiosis.	an outbreak of coccidiosis on two belgian farms is described. diarrhea started in piglets at 9 or 10 days of life. zero to three pigs died per litter. the morbidity rate varied from 70 to 90 per cent. histological examination of the intestines revealed shortening of villi and different stages of the life cycle of coccidia were seen in the enterocytes. virological examination was negative for corona-, corona-like, and rotavirus. a haemolytic e. coli strain was isolated in one case. as for treatme ...	1981	7245172
intestinal glucose transport in acute viral enteritis in piglets.	1. we studied intestinal glucose transport in pigs during the acute and convalescent phases of an invasive viral enteritis, transmissible gastroenteritis. 2. when diarhoea was severe 40 h after experimental infection, net absorption of glucose, na+ and water, measured by marker perfusion in the jejunum, was reduced; the enhancement of na+ and water absorption in response to increasing perfusate glucose concentrations up to 120 mmol/l was diminished compared with the response observed in control ...	1981	7249553
diarrhea due to cryptosporidium infection in artificially reared lambs.	severe diarrhea which lasted 7 to 12 days occurred in 40 of 48 artificially reared lambs within 5 to 12 days of birth, and 16 of them died. of 16 diarrheic fecal samples examined, 10 contained cryptosporidium oocysts and 1 contained rotavirus, but no other known enteropathogen was detected. upon histological examination, cryptosporidia were found in the ilea of three affected lambs, and in one of them, villous atrophy and fusion, with epithelial cross-bridging between villi, were present in dist ...	1981	7263849
[studies on the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in veal calves (author's transl)].	a herd of sixty-two veal calves was studied to determine whether there was a relationship between neonatal diarrhoea and infections with rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, salmonella and k99-positive e. coli. examination of the animals was negative for salmonellosis. clinical findings and serological testing did not suggest that k99-positive e. coli was a factor in aetiology. bovine coronavirus was isolated from the faeces of a small number of calves, only a few of which were affected with diarrhoea ...	1981	7324021
role of salmonella arizonae and other infective agents in enteric disease of lambs.	fecal samples from 545 diarrheic lambs on 12 ranches in southern idaho and western montana were examined for potential enteric pathogens. on 3 of the 12 ranches, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, or s dublin was implicated as the etiologic agent. rotavirus and coronavirus were identified on 1 ranch and rotavirus alone on another. salmonella arizonae serotype 26:30 was isolated from the feces of diarrheic lambs on 6 of the 12 ranches in this study. pregnant ewes from 1 of ...	1981	7332118
monitoring infectious diseases using routine microbiology data. ii. an example of regression analysis used to study infectious gastroenteritis.	routine data used to study infectious diseases may contain biases which obscure trends. a 16-year series (up to 1968) of routine laboratory data was used to study patterns of incidence of infective gastroenteritis for which no laboratory diagnosis could be made. an artificial pattern was detected. this arose because gps tended to refer a greater proportion of their patients during dysentery epidemics. multiple regression analysis was used to separate out this effect so that the underlying trends ...	1981	7007491
travelers' diarrhea among american peace corps volunteers in rural thailand.	diarrheal disease was studied prospectively in 35 peace corps volunteers during their first five weeks in rural thailand. twenty (57%) developed the syndrome of travelers' diarrhea. recognized bacterial enteric pathogens were isolated from stools during 47% of 39 episodes of travelers' diarrhea. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli was isolated during 26% and shigella during 13% of the episodes. of the 20 volunteers, 50% had bacteriologic and/or serologic evidence of infection with enterotoxigenic e ...	1981	7019355