Publications

seasonal changes in the ruminal microflora of the high-arctic svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus).	the dominant rumen bacteria in high-arctic svalbard reindeer were characterized, their population densities were estimated, and ruminal ph was determined in summer, when food quality and availability are good, and in winter, when they are poor. in summer the total cultured viable population density was (2.09 +/- 1.26) x 10(10) cells ml-1, whereas in winter it was (0.36 +/- 0.29) x 10(10) cells ml-1, representing a decrease to 17% of the summer population density. on culture, butyrivibrio fibriso ...	1985	4026289
a pilot beta-carotene intervention trial with inuits using smokeless tobacco.	the frequency of exfoliated cells with micronuclei (mnc) was used to estimate the genotoxic effect of smokeless tobacco (snuff) on the oral mucosa and to follow the response to the administration of beta-carotene (180 mg/week, given twice weekly in 6 capsules of 30 mg each). the pilot trial was carried out with inuits in gjoa haven, northwest territories, canada. their traditional diet, which is rich in caribou and seal meat and liver but low in vegetables and fruits, leads to "normal" serum lev ...	1985	4030137
ammonia-like taint and creatine, creatinine and dimethylamine contents in reindeer meat.		1985	4036751
genetic differences at the transferrin locus in norwegian semi-domestic and wild reindeer (rangifer tarandus l.).		1985	4044274
[genetic structure of the populations of native inhabitants of the northeastern ussr. iv. the koryaks of kamchatka].	genetic structure of four kamchatka subpopulations (675 individuals) was estimated for 25 erytrocyte and serum systems, some blood groups and for taste sensitivity to ptc. 23 of 38 loci examined are completely monomorphic. these are: ak, ca-1, cat, dia, est1-4, got, g-6-pd, ldh a and b, mdh, pgm2, sod, hb alpha and beta, che1, lap, alb, cp, tf, rh. following allele frequencies were found for polymorphic loci: acpa = = 0.616; acpb = 0.383; acpc = 0.0015; esd1 = 0.882; glo - i1 = 0.156; gpt1 = 0.6 ...	1985	4054618
vascular basis for regulation of nasal heat exchange in reindeer.	a hypothesis for the operation and control of nasal heat exchange in reindeer is presented that originated from studies of the nasal vascular anatomy and has been supported by physiological measurements as well as test experiments on a physical prototype model of the reindeer nose. a central theme of our hypothesis is that the nasal mucosa possesses arterial and venous retia that communicate by way of capillaries and arteriovenous anastomoses. during heat conservation the blood runs countercurre ...	1985	4061681
transferrin variability and founder effect in iceland reindeer, rangifer tarandus l.		1985	4086316
seasonal changes in hormone-sensitive lipase activity in adipose tissue from norwegian and svalbard reindeer.		1985	4091013
anatomical parameters and electronmicroscopic study of reindeer lung.		1985	3870438
disease patterns in the detroit zoo: a study of the mammalian population from 1973 through 1983.	a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate disease patterns in the mammals at the detroit zoo from 1973 through 1983. the reindeer (rangifer tarandus), common eland (taurotragus oryx), rednecked wallaby (protemnodon rufogrisea), sitatunga (tragelaphus spekii), and kangaroo (macropus spp)- were the most frequently affected mammalian species. parasitic agents (80% of which were internal parasites) caused morbidity in 60.2% of the mammals evaluated (n = 2,475) and microbial agents caused morbi ...	1985	3878354
seasonal changes in blood lipids, adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucose and insulin in norwegian reindeer.	plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (ffa), glycerol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucose and insulin, as well as serum concentrations of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (hdl)-bound cholesterol, were measured at intervals during a i-year period in norwegian reindeer. free fatty acids and glycerol were high in january-march, low in april-july, and high again in august-september. glucose was low in november-february and high but variable in march-october. triac ...	1985	3893041
effects of prolonged food restriction on some aspects of lipid metabolism in norwegian and svalbard reindeer.	the high-arctic svalbard reindeer (sr) deposit great amounts of body fat in autumn for subsequent use during winter when food is often in short supply. captive sr and, for comparative reasons, the sub-arctic norwegian reindeer (nr) were offered 15% of their ad libitum food intake during a 21-day period in september/october and its effect on fat metabolism was investigated. plasma free fatty acids (ffa), glycerol, glucose, insulin and urea as well as lipogenic and lipolytic activity of isolated a ...	1985	3893042
on the hormonal regulation of lipolysis in isolated reindeer adipocytes.	the effects of insulin and bovine growth hormone (bgh) on lipolysis (basal and/or adrenaline-stimulated) were investigated in isolated adipocytes from the norwegian reindeer. addition of 100 nmol l-1 adrenaline to the cells increased lipolysis 20-fold above basal lipolytic rate. insulin (0.i and i nmol l-i) depressed lipolysis significantly at submaximal adrenaline stimulation but had no effect when lipolysis was stimulated maximally. bovine gh (25 and 100 ng ml-i) inhibited basal lipolysis duri ...	1985	3909743
ultrastructure of the cysts of sarcocystis grueneri from cardiac muscle of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus).	cysts of sarcocystis grueneri from cardiac muscle of reindeer (rangifer tarandus) in norway were examined by transmission electron microscopy. the limiting unit membrane of the cyst proper formed regularly spaced invaginations into the cyst at numerous sites coinciding with interruptions in the underlying osmiophilic layer. the primary cyst wall formed numerous strip-like, sinuous protrusions, which were 30-40 nm thick, 150-300 nm wide and up to 4.5 microns long, and were running in parallel wit ...	1985	3922150
the fox as a definitive host for sarcocystis rangi from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus).		1985	3929578
parelaphostrongylus tenuis in captive reindeer and sable antelope.	parelaphostrongylus tenuis caused neurologic disease in 6 reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and 2 sable antelope (hippotragus niger) that were housed at the national zoological park conservation and research center in front royal, va. progressive hindlimb ataxia and weakness were seen in all affected animals. the parasite was recovered from the subdural space of one reindeer and was seen histologically within the neuropil of another reindeer and a sable antelope. in the other reindeer and sa ...	1986	3957771
pathology of experimental cysticercus bovis infection in the reindeer (rangifer tarandus linné, 1758).	in the present study, the tissue reaction of the brain, skeletal muscles and heart in experimental c. bovis infection of the reindeer is described. there is non-purulent cysticercal leptomeningites with formation of multinucleate symplasms in the cerebral meninges, and lymphocytic encephalitis in the superficial layers of the cerebral cortex. the tissue reaction around the morphologically differentiated cysticercus in the meningeal location is similar to that in muscle cysticercosis of cattle. i ...	1986	3699621
[collembola--possible intermediate hosts of avitellina arctica (cestoda, anoplocephalata)].	a brief description of larvae of cestodes of a. arctica at their different developmental stages in experimentally infected collembola onychiurus (protaphorura) taimyrica and o. (p.) furcifer is given. developed cysticercoids were observed 70 days after the infection. collembola under natural conditions are supposed to be intermediate hosts of cestodes of a. arctica, parasites of reindeer.	1986	3703575
partition of heat loss in resting and exercising winter- and summer-insulated reindeer.	partition of heat loss was performed in resting (standing) and exercising (running; 9.2 km . h-1 for 40 min) winter- (w) and summer- (s) insulated conscious reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in a climatic chamber set to an ambient temperature (ta) of -30, 0, or 25 degrees c. heat loss and production were determined using indirect calorimetry. the relative importance of radiant heat loss was greatest during rest at low ta's, both during winter and summer (44-58% at ta's -30 and 0 degrees c). ...	1986	3728709
[comparative sensitivity of 2 carboxylesterases from the reindeer liver to various inhibitors].	the sensitivity to the inhibitor of two forms of reindeer liver carboxylesterases differing in electrophoretic mobility and conventionally termed as "slow" and "fast" forms were investigated. the rate constants for the interaction of organophosphorous irreversible inhibitors--diisopropylfluorophosphate (dpp) and two methylthiophosphonic acid thioesters--c5h11o(ch3)p(o)s(ch2)sch2c(o)och3 (sh-205) and, c8h17o(ch3)p(o)s(ch2)sch2c(o)och2 (sh-207)--with the "fast" form are hundreds of times as high a ...	1986	3730448
levels of cadmium in liver and kidneys from norwegian cervides.		1986	3742104
[genetic and ecological study of aboriginal populations of northeastern siberia. i. gm-haplotypes and their frequency in 10 chukchi populations. genetic structure of reindeer chukchi].	g1m (z, a, x, f) and g3m (g, b0, b1, b3, b5, s, t) allotypes were tested in 1079 chukchi inhabitants of interior chukotka and adjacent kamchatka. genetic variation at this particular locus is provided by the presence of three haplotypes, namely, za;g, zax;g and za;bo35st, revealed with mean frequencies of 0.748, 0.089 and 0.154, respectively. traces of caucasian gm (f;bo135) haplotype were observed in 9 of 10 populations studied. judging from its frequency in the whole group (0.009), european ad ...	1986	3770478
genetic variability in norwegian wild reindeer (rangifer tarandus l.).		1986	3771267
isolation of a herpesvirus serologically related to bovine herpesvirus 1 from a reindeer (rangifer tarandus).		1986	3026156
parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (nematoda: protostrongylidae) and a protostrongylid nematode in woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) of alberta, canada.	two size-groups of dorsal-spined, first-stage, nematode larvae were found in feces of woodland caribou, rangifer tarandus caribou (gmelin), in alberta from 1976-1982. larvae from caribou feces in northeastern alberta were 451 +/- 17 micrograms in length, while those from west-central alberta were 362 +/- 18 micrograms in length. larvae collected from west-central alberta developed to the infective stage, experimentally, in the terrestrial gastropod triodopsis multilineata (say) and were infectiv ...	1986	2869151
the influence of ambient temperature on metabolism and body temperature of newborn and growing reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.).	thermoregulatory capacities of 51 reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) aged 1-35 days were studied at -26.5 to +35.0 degrees c ambient temperatures at kaamanen reindeer research station, finland (69 degrees 10' n) during calving periods in may 1981 and may-july 1982. the newborn calves aged 1-4 days maintained a high body temperature (tre) (mean +40.2 degrees c) even at the lowest experimental temperature of -22.5 degrees c by increasing their metabolic rate five-fold above the level ...	1986	2869877
validation of doubly labeled water method using a ruminant.	co2 production (cdp, ml co2 . g-1 . h-1) by captive caribou and reindeer (rangifer tarandus) was measured using the doubly labeled water method (3h2o and h2(18)o) and compared with co2 expiration rates (vco2), adjusted for co2 losses in ch4 and urine, as determined by open-circuit respirometry. cdp calculated from samples of blood or urine from a reindeer in winter was 1-3% higher than the adjusted vco2. differences between values derived by the two methods of 5-20% were found in summer trials w ...	1986	2873747
brucella suis biotype 4: a case of granulomatous nephritis in a barren ground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus l.) with a review of the distribution of rangiferine brucellosis in canada.	severe granulomatous nephritis caused by brucella suis biotype 4 was found in a barren ground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) from northwest territories, canada. a review of the distribution of human and animal cases of brucellosis in northern canada indicated that b. suis biotype 4 is distributed widely and is probably enzootic in most canadian caribou herds.	1986	2902236
scanning electron microscopy of the sarcocysts of six species of sarcocystis from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus).	sarcocysts belonging to six species of sarcocystis were isolated from the musculature of reindeer and examined by scanning electron microscopy (sem) to reveal their surface morphology. sarcocysts of s. grueneri had thin, strip-like surface processes, cysts of s. rangi had long hair-like processes, and cysts of s. tarandivulpes had short, knob-like processes interconnected by microfolds. cysts of s. hardangeri had prominent, slanting linguiform processes, whereas the cysts of both s. tarandi and ...	1986	3098040
toxicity of iceland lichen and reindeer lichen.	iceland lichen (cetraria islandica) is sold in health food stores to prevent various disorders. in olden times it and sometimes also reindeer lichen (cladonia sp.) have been used as emergency food. lichen contains bitter and potentially toxic lichen acids and it also concentrates heavy metals. therefore lichen toxicity was studied with traditional pretreatment methods (boiling, ash-soaking or both). untreated and only shortly boiled lichens were lethally toxic to mice in 50 and 25% w/w mixtures ...	1986	3468923
[taxonomic position of brucella isolated from reindeer].		1986	3529757
pneumocystis carinii delanoë & delanoë, 1912 found in lungs of freeliving animals in denmark at autopsy.	stained imprints made from autopsy lung biopsies from hares, foxes, badgers, stone martens, one hedgehog, roe deer from denmark and from caribou from greenland were examined microscopically for pneumocystis carinii. pneumocysts were found in the lungs of 3 out of 28 hares, 3 out of 18 foxes and 1 out of 6 roe deer. this is the first report of pneumocystis carinii in hares, foxes, and roe deer in denmark. it seems to be the first report of pneumocystis carinii in roe deer.	1986	2422628
[various features of the biology of a northern isolate of taeniarhynchus saginatus coeze, 1782].		1986	3821660
epidemiology of reindeer parasites.	every christmas we sing about rudolph the red-nosed reindeer, but do we give much thought to why his nose is red? the general consensus is that rudolf has caught a cold, but as far as i know no proper diagnosis has been made of his abnormal condition. i think that, rather than having a cold, rudolf is suffering from a parasitic infection of his respiratory system. to some this may seem a bit far-fetched as one would not expect an animal living with santa claus at the north pole to be plagued by ...	1986	15462756
the existing and potential importance of brucellosis and tuberculosis in canadian wildlife: a review.	as the campaign to eradicate bovine brucellosis (brucella abortus) and tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) in canadian livestock nears completion, the importance of extraneous sources of these diseases increases. this review summarizes the literature on brucellosis and tuberculosis in canadian wildlife species to determine existing and potential hosts. canadian caribou (rangifer tarandus) are reservoirs of brucella suis biotype 4 which is pathogenic in caribou, humans and muskoxen but reportedly ...	1986	17422637
the reindeer industry in canada.		1986	17422723
the reindeer industry in canada.		1987	17422735
ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior.	ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior (oip) means infection of the posterior part of the eye with the larvae of flies. few cases have been reported in which the larvae have been removed from the eye and the visual acuity preserved. we report four cases of oip with living larva in the vitreous cavity. the larvae produced severe uveitis and were removed alive with vitrectomy and a procedure for removing foreign bodies. they were identified as first-stage reindeer warble fly larvae (oedemagena tarandi ...	1987	3582993
transferrin variation and body size in reindeer, rangifer tarandus l.		1987	3583782
seasonal variation in the form of iron in the liver of spitsbergen reindeer: a mössbauer spectroscopic study.	mössbauer spectra have been obtained from samples of the liver of spitsbergen reindeer at different times of the year. most of the iron is in a very similar form to that of the iron storage materials ferritin and haemosiderin. the data reflect the large differences in the amount of iron found in the liver at different times of the year and also indicate that there are only relatively small differences in the chemical and physical form of the iron found in the liver at different times of the year ...	1987	3593762
[reindeer warble fly larva as a cause of 3 cases of human myiasis].		1987	3600114
[nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and shape of erythroid cells of the reindeer embryo].	with the beginning of normoblastic erythropoiesis the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (ncr) in the erythroid cells increases. from the chromatophilic erythroblasts with ncr from 1.0 and more erythrocytes possessing the concavo-concave form are produced as a result of the nucleus elimination.	1987	3619675
[genetic structure of aboriginal populations of northeastern ussr. vi. correlations of genetic and geographic distances between populations and subpopulations].	significant correlation of genetic distances (estimated for 17 polymorphic loci) between populations of asia and alaska eskimos, coast and reindeer chuckchies, kamchatka koryaks and chuckotka even with geographic distances (r = 0.650; p less than 0.01) is shown. also, significant correlation of genetic and geographic distances between 5 coast chuckchies subpopulations have been revealed (r = 0.871; p less than 0.001). the findings can indicate some ecological conditionality of population and sub ...	1987	3623086
seasonal iron overload in svalbard reindeer liver.	changes in liver iron concentration in relation to seasonal body weight variations and food iron intake have been investigated in 77 svalbard reindeer by chemical and histological methods. during the winter season the body weight decreased about 43% in females and 39% in males. liver weight was reduced about 65% in both sexes. the liver iron concentration showed little or no difference between the sexes and was 29 +/- 13 mg iron/100 g wet weight in the autumn. the concentration increased in late ...	1987	3694284
mortuary practices at the krapina neandertal site.	it has often been reported that the krapina neandertal remains bear incised linear striations which appear to be cutmarks. here, the plausibility of the striations as cutmarks is tested by comparing them to mousterian butchery marks on large fauna and to cutmarks on modern human skeletons known to have been defleshed with stone tools. the anatomical location, gross appearance, and frequency of occurrence of the striations on the krapina material do not resemble mousterian butchery marks on reind ...	1987	3107399
septicemic listeriosis in a reindeer calf.	septicemic listeriosis is described in a 2-day-old reindeer calf (rangifer tarandus tarandus) from a local zoo. the gross and microscopic lesions were typical of disease caused by bacterial septicemia. major lesions included necrosis of the liver, lung, adrenal gland, spleen, and lymph node. the diagnosis was suspected by special histopathological stains and confirmed by isolation of listeria monocytogenes from multiple organs. this is the first report of listeriosis in a reindeer.	1987	3108523
reindeer papillomavirus transforming properties correlate with a highly conserved e5 region.	a papillomavirus was isolated from the epithelial layer of a cutaneous fibropapilloma on a swedish reindeer (rangifer tarandus). reindeer papillomavirus (rpv) is morphologically indistinguishable from other papillomaviruses, but the restriction enzyme cleavage pattern of its genome is different. no sequence homology was detected between rpv dna and the dnas of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) and avian papillomavirus when hybridization was performed under stringent conditions. however, the r ...	1987	2822949
the fatty acid composition of northern-canadian marine and terrestrial mammals.	the low mortality from cardiovascular disease in greenland eskimos has been attributed to their consumption of diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids. these fatty acids are found in fish and marine mammal lipids. whereas the fatty acid composition of several fish species has been documented, information is more limited on the mammals which feature significantly in the diets of many arctic populations. this study investigated the fatty acid composition of commonly eaten marine mammals, as well as the ...	1987	2890267
seasonal changes in the cecal microflora of the high-arctic svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus).	the dominant cecal bacteria in the high-arctic svalbard reindeer were characterized, their population densities were estimated, and cecal ph was determined in summer, when food quality and availability is good, and in winter, when it is very poor. in summer the total culturable viable bacterial population was (8.9 +/- 5.3) x 10(8) cells ml-1, whereas in winter it was (1.5 +/- 0.7) x 10(8) cells ml-1, representing a decrease to 17% of the summer population density. of the dominant species of cult ...	1987	3030193
changes in neck muscles in swedish reindeer bucks during rutting season.	three neck muscles in swedish reindeer bucks have been studied before and during the rutting season. these were m. splenius, m. sternocephalicus and m. brachiocephalicus. for comparison, m. longissimus dorsi was chosen. fibre composition and fibre size were studied in the four muscles as also was the metabolic potential of three enzymes, representing respiratory chain (cytochrome oxidase), beta-oxidation of fatty acids (3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase) and anaerobic glycolysis (lactate dehydroge ...	1987	3033035
selective cooling of the brain in reindeer.	cineangiographic examination of reindeer exposed to local (hypothalamic) or general heating and cooling revealed that the angular oculi veins are constricted during cold stress but dilated during heat stress. moreover, during heat stress a segment of the facial vein appeared to be occluded, causing the cold venous return from the nasal mucosa to be routed directly to the cavernous sinus for selective cooling of the brain. histological examination of the vasoactive segment of the facial vein show ...	1987	3425764
chernobyl's challenge to the environment: a report from sweden.	this paper reports the levels of radiocesium registered in about 9000 samples collected in different parts of sweden following the chernobyl accident during the period may-november 1986. the maximum cs levels were detected in reindeer, freshwater fish and mushrooms. parameters possibly affecting the nuclide concentration in different biota are briefly discussed.	1987	3438738
cesium-137 body burdens in norwegian lapps, 1965-1983.	results of measurements of the whole-body contents of 137cs during the period 1965-1983 in lapps from the kautokeino area in norway are reported with measurements of 137cs in reindeer meat during the period 1966-1983. by using available data on 137cs in precipitation for the period 1950-1980, transfer coefficients from 137cs in precipitation to reindeer meat have been assessed. a correlation between the 137cs content in reindeer meat and the 137cs content in lapp reindeer breeders has been estab ...	1987	3818284
vascular control of brain cooling in reindeer.	the cold venous effluent returning from the nose of the heat-stressed reindeer may be distributed through angular oculi veins for selective cooling of the brain and through facial veins for general body cooling. in vitro experiments indicate that adrenergic receptors of the angular oculi vein are exclusively of the alpha-adrenergic type, whereas facial veins contain mainly beta-adrenergic receptors. we suggest that the antagonistic adrenergic neuroeffector organization of these veins plays a maj ...	1988	2834969
serological survey of herpesvirus infections in wild ruminants of france and belgium.	the presence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovid herpesvirus 6 (bhv-6), herpesvirus of cervidae type 1 (hvc-1), reindeer herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus 2 (bhv-2) and bovid herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) was investigated in wild ruminants of france and belgium between 1981 and 1986. there were no animals serologically positive for bhv-4. antibodies against bhv-2 were demonstrated in roe deer (cervus capreolus) (less than 1%) and chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) (1%) in france. animals ...	1988	2836635
skin disorders and prick and patch test reactivity in finnish reindeer herders.	in addition to an interview, skin tests and clinical examinations were performed on 211 randomly selected reindeer herders from 21 to 77 years of age (mean 45 years). skin tests consisted of skin prick tests (spt) with 9 allergens: cat and cow epithelium, dog, horse and reindeer epithelium, house dust mite, birch pollen, meadow grass pollen and mugwort pollen, as well as patch tests with 31 allergens. of the 211 tested, 19 (9%) had positive spt reactions to at least one allergen, and 19/173 (11% ...	1988	2970375
plasma calcemic hormones in mature female reindeer, rangifer tarandus.	the plasma calcemic hormones in mature female reindeer were measured during the major portion of the antler growth cycle, between the months of march and november. blood samples were collected every 2 months, a total of five samples each from eight reindeer. plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin d, pth, and osteocalcin were found to increase progressively from may through july and decline thereafter except 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d level which peaked in september. no change in plasma total ca was obs ...	1988	3130287
regulation of the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin from the reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.).		1988	3166648
[redescription of dictyocaulus noerneri ralliet et henry, 1907, parasite of capreolus capreolus in europe. comparison with d. viviparus (bloch, 1782), a parasite of cattle].	both species are easily distinguished by the shape and the thickness of the buccal ring. in d. noerneri, the buccal ring is 12-14 microns high, kidney like shape in optical section and thick in en face view. in d. viviparus, the buccal ring is 22-25 microns high, triangular shape in optical section and thin in en face view. the taxon dictyocaulus eckerti skrjabin, 1931, described from rangifer larandus in western siberia, has been misused to call the dictyocaulids of european cervidae. if those ...	1988	3202587
[evaluation of actual nutrition of reindeer breeders].		1988	3206864
the chernobyl accident. transport of radionuclides to man living in northern sweden.	the pathways of 131i, 134cs and 137cs from the chernobyl fallout to man were followed in the county of västerbotten, sweden. reported airplane measurements had shown that the ground deposition of 137cs was 3-40 kbq/m2 with hot spots with more than 80 kbq/m2. multiplying with a factor of 0.6 gave the 134cs deposition and an approximate factor of 20 the 131i ground deposition. the effective dose equivalent from 131i became low, less than 0.1 msv, as the cows were stabled. the 137cs activity concen ...	1988	3233171
copper and cadmium binding proteins from liver and kidney of moose and reindeer.		1988	3272601
psychosocial factors and working conditions related to mental health of reindeer herders.		1988	3272610
accidents in reindeer herding work.		1988	3272650
a health examination trial among males in northern finland.		1988	3272659
echinococcus strains in europe: a review.	in european countries the following final/intermediate host assemblages of echinococcus granulosus are known to occur: (a) dog/sheep; (b) dog/horse; (c) dog/cattle; (d) dog/pig, (e) dog/reindeer (= "northern form" of e. granulosus). the parasites involved in cycles a-d have been identified as distinct strains in various countries. epidemiological aspects relevant to intraspecific variations and strain characteristics are described. in e. multilocularis there are some indications for intraspecifi ...	1988	3291073
experimental iron overload. ultrastructural studies.		1988	3291681
intraocular infestation by the reindeer warble fly larva: an unusual indication for acute vitrectomy.	a case of ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior (oip) caused by the larva of the reindeer warble fly is reported. the larva was initially found intraretinally in the inferior parts of the fundus. from this position it moved into the macula lutea within two days, causing decreased visual acuity. acute vitrectomy was performed and the larva was removed through a retinotomy. about two months afterwards a small retinal detachment appeared near the ora serrata, where the larva had entered the eye. the r ...	1988	3390415
caribou, wolves and man.	the migratory tundra caribou/reindeer in the holarctic now number three million and are increasing, approaching estimated pristine quantities in north america. in contrast, the sedentary forest races south of the tree-line number about 325 000 animals, and are declining in some areas in both eurasia and north america. the chief natural mortality factor determining the survival of neonates and adults is predation; the wolf is the major predator. recruitment and natural adult mortality are approxi ...	1988	21227095
predation risk and habitat selection in the persistence of a remnant caribou population.	a small caribou herd of 24-77 animals resided on pic island (1138 ha) in lake superior from 1976 to 1984. most of the caribou populations on the adjacent mainland had gone extinct earlier in this century. we tested three hypotheses for the persistence of this remanant population: (1) there was more forage available on the island than the mainland, (2) the animals on the island were isolated from white-tailed deer and did not develop the meningeal worm infection, and (3) there was less predation ...	1988	28312201
influences of maternal body weight, age, and parity on sex ratio in semidomesticated reindeer (rangifer t. tarandus).		1989	28564498
caribou bones and labrador tea.		1989	2914306
bone metabolism during antler growth in female reindeer.	two female reindeer (rangifer tarandus) were investigated for alterations in skeletal metabolism during the annual antler growth cycle. during july and january, rib samples were obtained by biopsy after double tetracycline labeling for gravimetric, chemical, and histomorphometric analyses. though antler length increased from 8 to 55 cm between april and september, body weight increased from only 56 to 77 kg. rib bone density (g/cm3) increased from 1.39 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- sem) in july to 1.53 +/- ...	1989	2509019
[echinococcosis in the nenets autonomous okrug].	the paper presents results of an immunological screening of the population from the nenets autonomous okrug of the arkhangelsk region for echinococcosis. a high level (8.4 +/- 1.0%) of seropositivity of the population has been found to echinococcus antigens. occupational groups, such as reindeer-breeders, domestic servants in the tent of skins, hunters, fur-farmers, furriers) have been identified to be mostly at high risk for echinococcus infection. some animal species have been demonstrated to ...	1989	2533318
[the assessment of the epidemiologic situation of echinococcosis in the nenets autonomous okrug based on data from a dynamic serologic examination of the population].	paper presents the riha and eia data of an annual 3-year survey of populations of two reindeer breeders' settlements in the nenets autonomous okrug of arkhangelsk province with the use of intact echinococcus antigen (riha) and fractions of echinococcus multilocularis antigens (eia). in 1984-1986, seropositivity has been established by 2 immunoassays for 98 (21.6 +/- 1.9%) out of 454 apparently healthy subjects. the annual echinococcus invasion rate in population varied within 2.8-3.7%, as estima ...	1989	2534151
can zeolites decrease the uptake and accelerate the excretion of radio-caesium in ruminants?	the zeolite group of minerals has been suggested as a means of decreasing the uptake of radio-caesium by humans and domestic animals, and also to accelerate the excretion of radio-caesium which has already been absorbed. artificial mordenite, one of the zeolites being considered for this purpose, was dispersed in liquid paraffin and administered to goats and lambs fed radio-caesium-contaminated hay. faeces and urine were collected separately and analyzed by gamma spectrometry on each day of the ...	1989	2538920
evaluation of xylazine hydrochloride as the sole immobilizing agent in moose and caribou--and its subsequent reversal with idazoxan.	xylazine hydrochloride was used as the sole immobilizing agent in moose and caribou. the animals were free-ranging and immobilization was accomplished from a helicopter using powered darts. following a period of immobilization during which radiotelemetry collars were fitted, the animals were revived using idazoxan (rx 781094) or its methoxy analogue rx 821002. xylazine was administered at dose rates of approximately 3.0 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg to the moose and caribou, respectively. moose received 4 ...	1989	2563404
brucellosis in an inuit child, probably related to caribou meat consumption.	a 9-year-old inuit boy with brucellosis is presented. the most likely source of his infection was contaminated caribou meat. brucella suis is enzootic in canadian caribou herds and this case indicates that natives of the arctic are a risk group for acquiring brucellosis through the ingestion of raw caribou meat.	1989	2569231
variation in cadmium content of caribou tissues from northern québec.	samples of kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, heart, mesentery and rumen wall were collected during 1985-1986 in northern québec from 121 caribou belonging to the rivière george herd. significant seasonal variations were found for cadmium concentration in kidneys, liver and skeletal muscles, the level being higher in winter than in autumn. the concentration in liver and kidneys increased with age, while the effect of this factor was complex in skeletal muscles. sex-related differences were found in ...	1989	2569761
the epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus in great britain. v. the status of subspecies of echinococcus granulosus in great britain.	twenty-five years ago williams and sweatman suggested that in great britain there are two subspecies of echinococcus granulosus--e. granulosus granulosus and e. granulosus equinus. echinococcus granulosus granulosus does not mature either in foxes or in horses: e. granulosus equinus will mature in either. the prepatent period of e. granulosus granulosus in the definitive host is about 42 days while that of e. granulosus equinus is about 70 days. each subspecies has a characteristic morphology. m ...	1989	2596902
arctic life adaptation--i. the function of reindeer hemoglobin.	1. the functional properties of hemoglobin from the reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) are characterized as a function of ph, temperature and organic phosphate concentration. 2. alongside overall similarities shared with most vertebrate hemoglobins, hemoglobin from the reindeer shows significant differences with respect to the effect of both organic phosphates and chloride anions. 3. the limited effect of temperature on oxygen binding (delta h = -4 kcal/mol o2) could be regarded as an inte ...	1989	2598627
arctic life adaptation--ii. the function of musk ox (ovibos muschatos) hemoglobin.	1. the hemoglobin system from musk ox (ovibos muschatos) has been characterized from the functional point of view with special regard to the effect of organic phosphates and temperature. 2. the results are similar to those previously obtained in the case of reindeer and confirm that hemoglobins from arctic animals may display very low enthalpy change for the reaction with oxygen. 3. this finding is considered an example of molecular adaptation of respiratory pigments to extreme environmental con ...	1989	2598629
the impact of low carbohydrate consumption on glucose tolerance, insulin concentration and insulin response to glucose challenge in dogrib indians.	the nddg and the who recommend that individuals undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test (ogtt) consume a minimum of 150 gm of carbohydrate on each of three days preceding the ogtt. carbohydrate restriction affects the diagnostic accuracy of the ogtt. this is a problem for the diagnosis of diabetes among northern peoples, but may also have relevance for other amerindians. dogrib indians of the canadian nwt still rely on the traditional dietary, based on caribou-hunting and fishing. the impact o ...	1989	2671575
effects of the chernobyl accident on animal husbandry and production, from a swedish perspective.	about 20% of the swedish land area was considerably contaminated by radionuclides released by the nuclear accident at chernobyl, ukraine, in april 1986. however, less than 10% of the arable land was contaminated. the heavy contamination was closely correlated with the amount of rain received during the first days of may 1986. immediate restrictions on grazing limited the early uptake of contaminants in animal products. changes in management of animals, especially sheep, goats, and reindeer in th ...	1989	2703422
arctic adaptation in reindeer. the energy saving of a hemoglobin.	previous results [(1988) arct. med. res. 47, 83-88] have shown that hemoglobin from reindeer is characterized by a low overall heat of oxygenation. this particular aspect has been investigated further in a series of precise oxygen equilibrium experiments. the results obtained show a peculiar dependence of the temperature effect on the fractional saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen, which could be regarded as a very interesting case of molecular adaptation to extreme environmental conditions.	1989	2707444
species of the genus elaphostrongylus parasite of swedish cervidae. a description of e. alces n. sp.	a description of elaphostrongylus alces n. sp., a parasite of moose (alces alces l.), is given. the main features differing e. alces n. sp. from the other two investigated species are the bottle shaped oesophagus and the oval bursa, which is about 150 microns x 200 microns. e. rangiferi mitskevith, 1960, a parasite of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) and e. cervi cameron, 1931, a parasite of red deer (cervus elaphus l.) have both a club shaped or cylindrical oesophagus and a circular bur ...	1989	2735702
managing a radioactive fall-out: the swedish experience after chernobyl.		1989	2736379
[population genetics study of the functional asymmetry of the brain in native and migrant population of the north-eastern ussr].	it is shown that ethnic groups of the north-east of the ussr (eskimos, coast and reindeer chukchi, koryaks and evens) differ significantly in phenotype frequencies of hemisphere interrelations, and the extent of differences conforms to non-similarity of the cultural and economic structure of these populations. significant phenotype frequency dynamics observed in new-coming population, depending on the duration of dwelling under the north conditions, makes the phenotype of "long-livers" of the no ...	1989	2744439
[correlation of genetic and demographic differences between populations of indigenous inhabitants of the northeastern ussr].	correlative analysis is given for some demographic characteristics in populations of asiatic eskimos, coastal and reindeer chuckchies, kamchatka koryaks and chukotka evens. summarized estimation of population differences for 7 demographic parameters is presented. highly reliable correlation of genetic distinctions as defined for 17 polymorphic loci, and demographic differences between populations estimated for 7 parameters (r = 0.868, p less than 0.001) was found. the role of ecological factors ...	1989	2759448
[eye protection of reindeer breeders in the far north from the dazzling brightness of solar radiation].		1989	2767494
strain rate dependence of the mechanical properties of reindeer antler and the cumulative damage model of bone fracture.	carter and caler have produced a 'cumulative damage' model for the fracture of bone, based on creep experiments on human bone, which has been corroborated by monotonic tensile tests on bone, loaded at various strain rates. monotonic tensile tests on reindeer's antler, which has a lower modulus of elasticity than human bone, produce very similar results. unlike human bone, reindeer antler always shows a large post-yield strain, and it is possible to distinguish pre-yield and post-yield behaviour. ...	1989	2777821
[low risk of cancer among swedish lapps who tend reindeer].		1989	2796463
[isolation of viruses of antigenic complexes of california encephalitis and bunyamwera (bunyaviridae, bunuavirus) from mosquitoes in northeast asia].	studies in suckling mice and by direct solid-phase enzyme immunoassay were carried out with 111,1 thousand aedes mosquitoes collected in july, 1986, in tundra, forest-tundra, and northern taiga of kamchatka region and chukotka autonomous district of magadan region (north-pacific natural area within 69 degrees-53 degrees north and 156 degrees-177 degrees east). eleven strains were isolated of which 7 were classified as members of the california encephalitis complex (tahyna-like strains) and 4 as ...	1989	2800529
cs-137 concentration in reindeer and its fodder plants.	radionuclides, especially the long-lived 137cs (physical half-life 30 years), are accumulated efficiently in the northern, subarctic, lichen-reindeer-man foodchain. until the chernobyl accident the fallout nuclides studied originated from nuclear weapons tests. after this accident some fresh fallout was deposited in finnish lapland. lichens grow very slowly and collect nutrients very efficiently from air, rain and snow. during winter the basic fodder plants for reindeer are lichens and some wint ...	1989	2814447
radiocesium uptake in reindeer on natural pasture.	in an experiment initiated after the chernobyl accident, a herd of reindeer was followed before and after a temporary move from a highly contaminated area (greater than 20 kbq 137 cs/m2) to a less contaminated area (less than 3 kbq 137cs/m2) of natural pasture. the animals grazed in a highly contaminated area until they were moved to the low contaminated area where they grazed from late november to late april. the level of 137cs in meat was about 12 kbq/kg at the time when the animals were moved ...	1989	2814448
british columbia. besnoitia infection in woodland caribou.		1989	17423331
[genetic and ecological study of aboriginal inhabitants of the siberian northeast. iv. genotype and genetic structure of three modern populations of yakutia].	three separate and reproductively isolated populations living at present in boreal forest and tundra area in eastern siberia were studied. blood groups (ab0, mnss, rhesus, duffy, p. diego), immunoglobulin allotypes--g1m (z, a, x, f), g3m (b, b0, b1, b3, s, t), hp, tf, pgm1, acp, 6-pgd were tested in blood samples obtained from total 570 individuals. analysis of covariance and variance matrices containing gene frequencies of the nganasans, reindeer chukchi, the yugaghir and the evens has revealed ...	1990	2079208
development of uncoupling protein in adipose tissues of reindeer.		1990	2088912
lack of correlation between ammonia-like taint and polyamine levels in reindeer meat.		1990	2089778
preliminary evaluation of four immunological tests for the early diagnosis of hypoderma tarandi causing hypodermosis in reindeer.	294 serum samples from five norwegian reindeer herds were examined for antibodies against hypoderma tarandi l. the first and second larval instars of h. tarandi were tested as antigens in immunodiffusion tests, passive haemagglutination and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the latter technique, using first instar antigens, produced the best results. a significant difference (p less than 0.1%) was observed between the antibody value of naive reindeer bred in france and those from inf ...	1990	2132994