Publications

experimental oral administration of canine adenovirus (type 2) to raccoons (procyon lotor).	canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2) has been proposed for recombinant vaccines to control rabies in wild animals. to evaluate the suitability of cav2 as a safe vector for the genetically engineered vaccines, seven wild-caught raccoons (three males and four females) were administered cav2 per os. two of the animals were euthanatized on each of post-infection days 3, 6, and 14, and one was euthanatized on day 21. two other control raccoons (a male and a female) were also euthanatized on day 21. micros ...	1992	1448897
consideration of inactivated rabies vaccines as oral immunogens of wild carnivores.	an experimental beta-propiolactone (bpl)-inactivated rabies virus vaccine was evaluated for the oral immunization of captive raccoons (procyon lotor) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes). none of 10 red foxes administered a single 1.0 ml dose of bpl-inactivated rabies virus vaccine (pm strain; 100 or 500 micrograms protein) per os developed detectable anti-rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies (vna) at any time over 8 wk of observation. foxes were excluded from further study. in two different groups of ...	1992	1474662
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1991.	in 1991, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 6,972 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control. ninety-one percent (6,354 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8.9% (618 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases of rabies increased 42.9% over that of 1990 (4,881 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of the epizootic of rabies in raccoons in the mid-atlantic and northeas ...	1992	1483899
raccoon heartworm causing a facial mass.	a dirofilaria tenuis subcutaneous nodule was found in the supraorbital area of a 77-year-old woman living in miami beach. removal of this nodule revealed the worm and confirmed the diagnosis. infection with dirofilaria tenuis is most common in southern florida because of the high incidence of these worms in their natural hosts--raccoons and opossums.	1992	1502628
epizootic of rabies in raccoons in maryland from 1981 to 1987.	the epizootic of rabies in raccoons entered maryland in 1981 and systematically moved through the state affecting raccoons in all counties except those of the lower eastern shore. a precoded surveillance form was provided to all county and city health departments and data were requested for each animal head submitted for testing for the year 1985. the disease persisted and, in 1987, all counties previously reporting rabies in raccoons also had documented cases in other species. the incidence of ...	1992	1483906
benefits and costs of using an orally absorbed vaccine to control rabies in raccoons.	in november 1989, the epizootic of rabies affecting raccoons in the mid-atlantic states reached new jersey. an economic evaluation was conducted in 2 counties first affected by the epizootic to estimate the costs of the epizootic and to assess the costs and benefits of orally administering a newly developed recombinant rabies vaccine to prevent further spread of the disease. data on expenditures associated with prevention of rabies in human beings and domestic animals and laboratory testing of s ...	1992	1483905
trypanosoma cruzi in wild raccoons and opossums in north carolina.	trypanosoma cruzi was isolated from 1 of 12 (8.3%) opossums and 3 of 20 (15%) raccoons from the piedmont area of north carolina. although t. cruzi has been isolated previously from wild mammals in the southern united states, the present study is the first published report of naturally occurring t. cruzi infection of wild mammals in north carolina. all 4 isolates were maintained successfully in axenic culture and in murine fibroblasts. in addition, intraperitoneal injection of 1 x 10(6) culture f ...	1992	1597808
prerequisites for oral immunization of free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) with a recombinant rabies virus vaccine: study site ecology and bait system development.	a model baiting system suitable for the delivery of an oral rabies vaccine to free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) was developed and tested on barrier islands in south carolina (usa). features of barrier island physiography and ecology were studied relative to selective bait deployment and site biosecurity. capture-mark-recapture data were obtained from 228 raccoons. raccoon density estimates, using a modified census assessment technique, were one raccoon per 1.8 to 2.7 ha. mean (+/- se) and ra ...	1992	1548804
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in raccoons.	serum samples from 427 raccoons (93 from pennsylvania, 45 from new jersey, 72 from south carolina, 68 from virginia, 30 from iowa, and 119 from ohio) were evaluated for toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dilutions of 1:25, 1:50, and 1:500. the distribution of t gondii antibody titers was less than 1:25 for 212 raccoons (49.6%), 1:25 for 34 raccoons (7.9%), 1:50 for 117 raccoons (27.4%), and greater than or equal to 1:500 for 64 raccoons (14.9%). tissue cysts were seen in the liver, and tachyzoites ...	1992	1559896
demonstration of rabies virus-specific antibody in the sera of free-ranging iowa raccoons (procyon lotor).	between 1984 and 1988, a study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies in raccoons (procyon lotor) in two counties in iowa. nine hundred eighty five raccoons were trapped and tagged in guthrie and cerro gordo counties during the spring, summer and fall of each year. sex, age and weight were recorded for each animal and a blood sample was collected. serum samples were tested for the presence of serum neutralizing antibodies (sna) by the rapid fluorescent fo ...	1992	1512869
further analyses of the orthopoxviruses volepox virus and raccoon poxvirus.	volepox virus (vpx) from skin lesions on a vole and a piñon mouse caught in california and raccoon poxvirus (rcn) from raccoons trapped in maryland were examined to begin elucidating their relationship to other orthopoxviruses, most of which are not known to be indigenous to the americas. vpx and rcn produced pinpoint, nonhemorrhagic pocks on chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes. in cell cultures both viruses produced 1-mm diameter, irregular plaques, a-type inclusions (atis), and despite prod ...	1992	1529541
sequences of the raccoon poxvirus hemagglutinin protein.	primers based on sequences flanking the vaccinia virus (vv) strain ihd hemagglutinin protein (ha) open reading frame (orf) enabled amplification of ha dna segments from the genome of raccoon poxvirus (rcn) and vv strain wr. the amplified segments produced unequal cross-hybridization signal intensities against each other, indicating sequence differences between the ha of rcn (in hindiii-g) and that of vv-wr (in hindiii-a). about 1.5 kb of sequences in the ha region were then determined from clone ...	1992	1529542
the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis on iowa swine farms with an emphasis on the roles of free-living mammals.	multiparous sows from 19 central iowa swine farms were tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii by the modified direct agglutination test. antibody titers of 1:32 or greater were considered positive. rodents, domestic cats, opossums (didelphis virginiana), raccoons (procyon lotor) and striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) were live-trapped on each farm and similarly tested for antibodies. the overall prevalence of t. gondii antibodies in the species tested was 39/273 (14.3%) swine, 31/74 (41 ...	1992	1496780
concomitant cryptosporidia, coronavirus and parvovirus infection in a raccoon (procyon lotor).	a juvenile raccoon (procyon lotor) was found moribund near fort collins, colorado (usa). upon examination, the raccoon was dehydrated, had a mucopurulent oculonasal discharge and diarrhea, and was euthanized. postmortem examination revealed emaciation, severe fibrinous gastroenteritis and a small, firm liver. histopathological findings included blunting of villi, infiltration of lamina propria with neutrophils and plasma cells, and mild bronchopneumonia. cryptosporidium sp. was demonstrated on i ...	1992	1312645
the cuneate nucleus in the rat does have an anatomically distinct middle region.	recently obtained anatomical evidence supports the division of the rat cuneate nucleus (cn) into three rostrocaudal regions, with the middle region receiving a disproportionately greater share of the primary sensory input. the cn in the rat conforms to the basic rostrocaudal cn pattern described in other mammals, including cat, monkey and raccoon.	1992	1383882
enhanced cytochrome-oxidase staining of the cuneate nucleus in the rat reveals a modifiable somatotopic map.	existing cytochrome oxidase (co)-staining techniques were modified to enhance sensitivity and contrast in order to examine patterns of co-activity in the dorsal column nuclei (dcn) of adult long-evans rats. within a rostrocaudally limited region in the middle of the cuneate nucleus (cn) distinctive blotches of intense co-activity were observed. the co-staining was maximally differentiated approximately 0.3-0.7 mm caudal to the obex. no co-blotches were observed anywhere else in the dcn. transgan ...	1993	7687194
enhanced production of morbillivirus gene-specific rnas following induction of the cellular stress response in stable persistent infection.	previous in vitro work demonstrated the incorporation of the major inducible 70k heat shock protein (i.e., 72k hsp) into the biologically active light nucleocapsid (l-nc) variant of canine distemper virus (cdv). here, in vitro induction of the cellular stress response, characterized by elevated cytoplasmic and intranuclear 72k hsp, enhanced l-nc expression in mink lung cells supporting stable persistent infection by raccoon-origin cdv. increases in l-nc were correlated to increased viral rna pro ...	1993	8421900
[correlations between feet posture and muscle fiber size in mammals--comparison of the anterior tibial muscle fiber among plantigrade type, digitigrade type and unguligrade type].	the size (micron2) of red muscle fibers (type 1), white muscle fibers (type 2) and intermediate muscle fibers (type 3) was quantitatively determined in cross-sectional areas of the venter of the anterior tibial muscle in the plantigrade type, digitigrade type and unguligrade type using 122 individuals of 15 species in 5 orders, and correlations between the type of locomotion and muscle fiber size were analyzed from a comparative anatomical viewpoint. regardless of species, red muscle fibers with ...	1993	8160529
seroepidemiology of coxiella burnetii among wildlife in nova scotia.	we used an indirect immunofluorescence assay to determine antibody titers to phase i and phase ii coxiella burnetii antigens in serum samples from a variety of wild animals in nova scotia. forty-nine percent of the hares, 16.5% of the moose, 7.1% of the raccoons, and 1.5% of the white-tailed deer tested had antibodies to phase i antigen. we conclude that there is extensive infection of the hare population by c. burnetii, with lesser degrees of infection of the moose, raccoon, and deer population ...	1993	8250101
diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. morphometric, serologic, and epidemiologic support for baylisascaris as a causative agent.	several nematodes have been postulated as etiologic agents in diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (dusn), but the cause of this condition remains uncertain. the authors report the first case of dusn from the western united states (northern california), along with morphometric, serologic, and epidemiologic evidence supporting baylisascaris procyonis as its cause.	1993	8233397
raccoon poxvirus rabies virus glycoprotein recombinant vaccine in sheep.	twenty sheep were divided into groups and inoculated by various routes with recombinant raccoon poxvirus expressing the cvs rabies virus glycoprotein (rrcnv-g) or with raccoon poxvirus (rcnv). the apparent innocuous pathologic responses to each virus coupled with development of high levels of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies in animals vaccinated with rrcnv-g intradermally or intramuscularly suggested that the recombinant is effective and that rcnv would be a suitable substrate for further d ...	1993	8240013
[modular evolution of bsp-repeats: formation of subrepeats and monomers preceded the divergence of four species of canidae].	determination of two nucleotide sequences of satellite-like dna (bsp-repeats) segments from the raccoon-like dog genome and analysis of these and three other homologous sequences from distantly related genomes of canidae (silver fox, domestic dog, and gray fox) show that all these dna fragments consist of five types of subrepeats (a, b, c, d, and e) and two types of monomers-acb and aced. raccoon-like dog repeated segment of 1620 bp is composed of both type of monomers: acbaced. different monome ...	1993	8246941
oral vaccination of racoons (procyon lotor) with baculovirus-expressed rabies virus glycoprotein.	successful field oral vaccination and protection against viral diseases have so far been achieved only with live-attenuated or live-recombinant virus vaccines. in this communication, we present data that demonstrate that a glycoprotein derived from recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells is efficacious as an oral vaccine. the glycoprotein (g) of rabies virus (evelyn rokitnicki abelseth strain) was abundantly expressed in a baculovirus expression system and oral vaccination of racoons with ...	1993	8212838
ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting medium-sized wild mammals in southwestern tennessee.	seven species of ixodid ticks (n = 2,661) were found on medium-sized wild mammals (n = 295) during a 13-mo study in shelby county, tennessee. the seven tick species collected were dermacentor variabilis (say), amblyomma americanum (l.), rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille), ixodes texanus (banks), i. cookei (packard), i. scapularis (say), and haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard). the raccoon had the greatest tick species diversity in all of the aforementioned ticks except h. leporispalustris ...	1993	8254637
ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) infestation on medium-sized mammals and blue jays in northwestern illinois.	high prevalence of infestation of five species of medium-sized mammals and blue jays, cyanocitta cristata (l.), by immature ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman and corwin was found in castle rock state park in northwestern illinois during may-august 1991. raccoons, procyon lotor l., and opossums, didelphis virginiana kerr, were infested with the highest larval densities and were trapped primarily in bottomland forest and ecotone habitats. all species had similar nymphal densities, except ...	1993	8254647
substance p-like and serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the lateral cervical nucleus of the raccoon.	the distribution of substance p and serotonin in the lateral cervical nucleus (lcn) of the raccoon was examined by light microscopic immunohistochemistry. substance p-immunoreactive fibers were found to be clustered in the ventromedial part of the lcn, whereas only few such fibers appeared in the dorsolateral part of the nucleus. this organization is closely similar to that previously observed in the cat, and provides further evidence for an anatomic and functional segregation along the transver ...	1993	7681455
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1992.	in 1992, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 8,644 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the centers for disease control and prevention. almost 92% (7,912 cases) were wild animals, the largest number of wild animals ever reported, whereas 8.5% (732 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases increased 23.9% over that of 1991 (6,975 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of rabies in raccoons. t ...	1993	8307825
epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of rabies in cats.	the epizootic of rabies in raccoons in maryland has been accompanied by 129 confirmed cases of rabies in cats from jan 1, 1983 to sept 30, 1992 and only 12 cases in dogs. an epidemiologic and clinical study of rabies in cats was conducted for the period jan 1, 1983 to may 31, 1986. only 3 of 31 rabid cats had a history of being currently vaccinated against rabies, and 13 were of unknown ownership. a history of prior wound or injury within 6 months of onset of signs of rabies was reported in 11 o ...	1993	8320150
experimental toxoplasma gondii infection in raccoons (procyon lotor).	six raccoons (procyon lotor) without detectable toxoplasma gondii antibodies were used. four raccoons were inoculated orally (2 with oocysts and 2 with tissue cysts) with me49 strain of t. gondii and 2 raccoons were not inoculated with t. gondii. all raccoons remained clinically normal. raccoons were killed between 59 and 61 days after inoculation and portions of their heart, skeletal muscle, and brain were digested in pepsin solution, and homogenates were bioassayed in mice. toxoplasma gondii w ...	1993	8331475
epizootiology of canine distemper in new jersey raccoons.	seventeen epizootics of canine distemper (cd) involving at least 615 raccoons (procyon lotor) were identified between 1 september 1977 and 25 march 1991 in new jersey (usa). epizootics occurred three times at four year intervals in three areas. based on this cycling, the wide distribution of cd cases, and their occurrence between epizootics, i propose an enzootic status for cd in new jersey raccoons. the peak period prevalence of raccoon canine distemper cases occurred at the end of the mating s ...	1993	8355340
further studies on the susceptibility of raccoons (procyon lotor) to a rabies virus of skunk origin and comparative susceptibility of striped skunks (mephitis mephitis).	two raccoons (procyon lotor) were inoculated in the masseter muscles with 10(5.9) mouse intracerebral lethal dose50 (micd50) of a rabies virus isolated from a naturally infected iowa (usa) striped skunk (mephitis mephitis). five striped skunks were inoculated with either 10(0.7) or 10(2.1) micld50 of the same isolate. all five skunks died within 35 days following inoculation. both raccoons survived 273 days without adverse effects, and virus was not isolated from saliva samples taken at between ...	1993	8355351
serological evidence of coxiella burnetii infection in wild animals in japan.	one hundred and thirty-four (26%) of 511 sera from 11 wild animal species in eight prefectures in japan had antibody titers to coxiella burnetii by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. high prevalences were observed in japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus) (78%), hokkaido deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) (69%), japanese hares (lepus brachyurus) (63%), japanese deer (cervus nippon centralis) (56%), and to some extent in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) (28%). a low prevalence (13%) was observe ...	1993	8355353
pathology and epidemiology of canine distemper in raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides).	from september to december 1991, a large number of free-ranging raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) died from a highly contagious disease in the vicinity of tokyo. eighteen seriously ill or dead animals were submitted for necropsy. the pathological findings resembled those in a masked palm civet (paguma larvata) found infected with canine distemper virus (cdv) in the same area in late august 1991. the most striking features were pneumonia and gastroenteritis. microscopical lesions consisted ...	1993	8366205
rabies virus antinucleoprotein antibody protects against rabies virus challenge in vivo and inhibits rabies virus replication in vitro.	we previously reported that a/wysnj mice vaccinated via a tail scratch with a recombinant raccoon poxvirus (rcn) expressing the rabies virus internal structural nucleoprotein (n) (rcn-n) were protected against a street rabies virus (d. l. lodmell, j. w. sumner, j.j. esposito, w.j. bellini, and l. c. ewalt, j. virol. 65:3400-3405, 1991). to improve our understanding of the mechanism(s) of this protection, we investigated whether sera of a/wysnj mice that had been vaccinated with rcn-n but not cha ...	1993	8371354
subclinical lumbar polyradiculopathy, polyneuritis and ganglionitis in aged wild and exotic mammalians.	subclinical lumbar polyradiculopathy was present in the intradural dorsal and ventral nerve rootlets of 19 aged individuals of the following wild and exotic mammalian species: woodrat, raccoon, mink, lynx, reindeer, red deer, musk ox, scimitar-horned oryx, arabian oryx, hybrid waterbuck, persian onager, przewalski's wild horse, malayan sun bear, asian elephant, east african river hippopotamus, vervet monkey and rhesus monkey. it was characterized by mild to severe multifocal ballooning of myelin ...	1993	8408784
diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis syndrome in a german most likely caused by the raccoon roundworm, baylisascaris procyonis.		1993	8428681
host-feeding patterns of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) at a temperate north american site.	precipitin tests and elisa were used to investigate host-feeding patterns of 172 blood-fed aedes albopictus (skuse) collected at potosi, mo, during the summers of 1989 and 1990. one hundred ten (64.0%) mosquitoes had fed on mammals, 29 (16.9%) on birds, and none on turtles or snakes. thirty-three (19.2%) mosquitoes failed to react in all tests. eighty-six (78.2%) of the 110 mammalian feeds were positive for lower taxa as follows: rabbit, 24.5%; deer, 14.5%; dog, 13.6%; human, 8.2%; squirrel, 7.3 ...	1993	8433336
biochemical, biological, and genetic characterization of a sylvatic isolate of trichinella.	biological, biochemical, and genetic relationships of trichinella isolates were assessed and compared from 3 species of illinois fur-bearing mammals. tongue muscle collected from 1987 through 1989 from 323 raccoons (procyon lotor), 9 red fox (vulpes fulva), and 1 coyote (canis latrans) were digested and trichinella muscle larval prevalences and mean intensities (larvae/g) determined. the prevalence and mean intensity of tongue muscle-stage larvae were 2.8% and 44.4% and 326 and 2 larvae/g for ra ...	1993	8501590
use of natural and provided shade by free-ranging rhesus monkeys on raccoon key, florida: management considerations.		1993	16468691
coding of stimulus location and intensity in populations of mechanosensitive nerve fibers of the raccoon: i. single fiber response properties.	the primary aim of this study was to determine and compare the receptive field (rf) characteristics and response properties of single mechanosensitive nerve fibers innervating the glabrous skin of the forepaw and hindpaw of the raccoon. the action potentials of 129 median nerve fibers and 61 posterior tibial nerve fibers were recorded in response to punctate mechanical stimuli varying in location and intensity. the stimuli were delivered to six standard test sites on digit 1 and the contiguous p ...	1993	2271957
mitochondrial dna sequence evolution in the arctoidea.	some taxa in the superfamily arctoidea, such as the giant panda and the lesser panda, have presented puzzles to taxonomists. in the present study, approximately 397 bases of the cytochrome b gene, 364 bases of the 12s rrna gene, and 74 bases of the trna(thr) and trna(pro) genes from the giant panda, lesser panda, kinkajou, raccoon, coatimundi, and all species of the ursidae were sequenced. the high transition/transversion ratios in cytochrome b and rna genes prior to saturation suggest that the ...	1993	8415740
first report of a demodex sp. in raccoons (procyon lotor).	demodex spp. mites were seen in skin sections of 5 of 53 raccoons (procyon lotor) necropsied on parramore island, virginia (usa). in all infections, mites were present in the skin over the lower legs; in one raccoon they also were located in a follicle of a vibrissa. none of the raccoons had demodex-related gross lesions. histopathologically, minimal lesions were seen in the affected follicles. this is the first documentation of demodex spp. in raccoons.	1993	8445775
a trematode (phagicola sp.)-induced mesenteric lymphadenitis and enteritis in raccoons (procyon lotor).		1993	8212460
the immediate effects of peripheral denervation on inhibitory mechanisms in the somatosensory thalamus.	multiunit recordings were made in the ventroposterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus in anesthetized raccoons. during recording from cells responding to cutaneous stimulation of a forepaw digit, the corresponding digit was denervated permanently (by cutting its four digital nerves) or temporarily (by injecting lidocaine into the base of the digit). both procedures resulted in immediate increases in the inhibition that could be induced by stimulation of the adjacent digits when the original cuta ...	1993	8484298
immunoreactivity for gad and three peptides in somatosensory cortex and thalamus of the raccoon.	immunocytochemical methods were used to determine the distributions of glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), cholecystokinin (cck), and somatostatin (som) in the primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory thalamus of adult raccoons. the cortex showed extensive immunoreactivity for gad, revealing a large population of gabaergic neurons. gad-labeled cells were numerous in all cortical layers, but were most concentrated in laminae ii-iv. the cells were nonp ...	1993	8098654
injuries and behavior of raccoons (procyon lotor) captured in the soft catch and the egg traps in simulated natural environments.	the behavior and injuries of raccoons held for 12 and 24 hr in the soft catch and the egg traps were studied in simulated natural environments. nine raccoons held for 12 hr in the soft catch received minor injuries. however, one of nine raccoons held for 24 hr in this trap mutilated itself. the egg trap caused only minor injuries to nine raccoons held for 12 hr, and nine others held for 24 hr. thus the egg trap can be expected, at a 95% level of confidence, to hold > or = 70% of the raccoons on ...	1993	8355347
synaptic mechanisms of cortical representational plasticity: somatosensory and corticocortical epsps in reorganized raccoon si cortex.	1. reorganizations of representational maps have been described for a variety of sensory and motor regions of cerebral neocortex in several species. the purpose of this study was to investigate synaptic mechanisms of the reorganizations of primary somatosensory cortex that follow removal of a digit or the joining of two digits into a syndactyly. we examined neurons in the cortical representation of digit 4 (d4). intracellular recording was used to compare somatosensory and corticocortical excita ...	1993	8509825
a vaccinia-vectored rabies vaccine field trial: ante- and post-mortem biomarkers.	during the field safety evaluation of a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine for wildlife, two biomarkers were used to identify potential contact with vaccine-laden baits. tetracycline, a commonly used and reliable calciphilic tissue marker, was included in a fish-meal polymer bait matrix and was evaluated from post-mortem bone samples. additionally, an ante-mortem marker was needed to identify, for prospective study, raccoons which had contacted baits and thus, potentially, va ...	1993	8518451
tactics for the control of wildlife rabies in ontario (canada).	two different tactics are currently being utilized to control rabies in foxes, skunks and raccoons in ontario, canada. the first tactic, which involves live-capturing with cage-traps and vaccinating by intramuscular injection, was successful in immunizing 54%-72% of the skunk and raccoon populations in a 60 km2 area of toronto, ontario. this area has been free of rabies for two-and-a-half years. the second tactic, involving the distribution of baits containing modified live-virus (era) rabies va ...	1993	8518450
rabies. extension of the raccoon rabies epizootic, 1992.		1993	8431349
nociceptive neurons of the raccoon lateral thalamus.	1. responses to noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli were examined in 48 thalamic neurons in barbiturate or chloralose-anesthetized raccoons, with special attention to neurons whose peripheral receptive fields (rfs) included glabrous skin of the forepaw. recording loci were in the core of the ventrobasal complex (vb; n = 32), its ventral or dorsal border (n = 5), or the medial division of the posterior nuclear group (pom; n = 11). 2. twenty-one vb neurons and 7 pom neurons were classed as wide ...	1993	8459269
ischemic encephalopathy in raccoons (procyon lotor).	an acute and chronic case of cerebral infarction syndrome in two raccoons (procyon lotor) respectively is described. the raccoon with an acute form of the condition had clinical neurologic signs whereas the raccoon with a chronic form of the condition had no evident clinical signs. in neither raccoon were significant vascular lesions seen. this is the first report of cerebral infarctions in raccoons.	1994	7760502
another look at chemical immobilization of raccoons (procyon lotor) with ketamine hydrochloride.	forty-one wild raccoons (procyon lotor) were captured in kentucky (usa) and immobilized with 7 to 16 mg/kg of ketamine hydrochloride, january to may 1987. eight raccoons had muscle tremors in response to ketamine, but recovered with no other observable adverse effects. mean (+/- sd) induction and duration of immobilization times were 3.2 +/- 1.8 and 42.3 +/- 14.5 minutes, respectively. based on multiple regression analysis, the interaction of sex (p = 0.0030), body mass (p = 0.0036), dose (p = 0 ...	1994	7760484
raccoon epithelium--a new allergen source.	we report the case of a 39-year-old asthmatic patient who developed acute rhinoconjunctivitis, quincke's edema, and asthma after repeated exposure to a raccoon (procyon lotor) which a friend kept at home. skin prick and scratch tests with native raccoon hair and epithelium, as well as rast, were clearly positive. elimination of contact with the raccoon and avoiding the home of his friend led to a cessation of the patient's acute exacerbations.	1994	7653748
assessment of rotating-jaw traps to humanely kill raccoons (procyon lotor).	rotating-jaw traps (conibear 280 and sauvageau 2001-8, and mechanically improved models) failed to render irreversibly unconscious in < or = 3 min raccoons (procyon lotor) immobilized with ketamine hydrochloride and struck in the head-neck region. it is unlikely that these traps, and the less powerful conibear 220, have the potential to humanely kill raccoons.	1994	7933274
raccoon rabies epizootic reaches rhode island.		1994	8049541
raccoon rabies epizootic--united states, 1993.	although the incidence of rabies is low among domestic animals in the united states, the recent increase in the occurrence of wildlife rabies has increased the risk for infection of humans. from 1991 to 1992, the number of reported cases of rabies in raccoons increased 40%, from 3079 to 4311. of the 8644 animals reported rabid during 1992, a total of 3759 (43%) were raccoons in the mid-atlantic and northeastern states. this report describes the continuing spread of the raccoon rabies epizootic i ...	1994	8164633
blood lead levels of wild raccoons (procyon lotor) from the eastern united states.	we analyzed 161 raccoon (procyon lotor) blood samples obtained from new jersey (n = 109), rural pennsylvania (n = 29) and laboratory confined animals (n = 23) in the usa for lead content; we found significantly higher levels in the new jersey raccoons (mean = 4.4 micrograms/dl, se = 2.9). there was no difference between the lead levels of raccoons from the other two groups (mean = 2.6, se = 0.5 and mean = 2.5, se = 0, respectively).	1994	8151814
from the centers for disease control and prevention. raccoon rabies epizootic--united states, 1993.		1994	8176790
higher level relationships of the arctoid carnivora based on sequence data and "total evidence".	the relationships of the lesser or red panda, ailurus, have remained elusive even as any doubts about the identity of the giant panda as a bear have been erased. while usually classified as a member of the procyonidae (raccoons), recent anatomical studies have suggested that the red panda may not fall in any of the arctoid carnivore families but instead may reflect an early offshoot of the lineage leading to ursids (bears) and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses). sequence data from the cy ...	1994	8025729
background prevalence of tetracycline-like fluorescence in teeth of free ranging red foxes (vulpes vulpes), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (procyon lotor) in ontario, canada.	we collected and examined teeth from 3406 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) collected in ontario, canada, from 1978 to 1986, prior to large scale rabies vaccine baiting. we found tetracycline-like fluorescence in five (0.2%) of the samples. also, we observed similar fluorescences in five (0.4%) of 1103 striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and in six (0.8%) of 744 raccoons (procyon lotor). the low prevalence of such marks would not appear to invalidate the use of tetracycline as a marking agent in vaccine ...	1994	8151813
penetration and development of meloidogyne incognita in roots of resistant and susceptible corn genotypes.	rates of penetration and development ofmeloidogyne incognita race 4 in roots of resistant (inbred mp307, and s4 lines derived from the open-pollinated varieties tebeau and old raccoon) and susceptible (pioneer 3110) corn genotypes were determined. seedlings grown in styrofoam containers were inoculated with 5,000 eggs of m. incognita. roots were harvested at 3-day intervals starting at 3 days after inoculation (dai) to 27 dai and stained with acid fuchsin. penetration of roots by second-stage ju ...	1994	19279873
cerebral larva migrans caused by baylisascaris sp in pet rabbits.	cerebral larva migrans was diagnosed histologically in 4 pet rabbits that developed progressive neurologic disease. larvae of baylisascaris sp were isolated from brain tissues in 2 rabbits. the clinical syndrome of progressive torticollis and ataxia manifested by these rabbits is commonly associated with otitis and labyrinthitis attributable to bacterial infection; however, the middle ears were normal on radiographic and postmortem examinations. the severe encephalopathy that developed in these ...	1994	7744648
two dominant neutralizing antigenic determinants of canine parvovirus are found on the threefold spike of the virus capsid.	the 25-nm diameter parvovirus capsid is assembled from 60 copies of a sequence common to the overlapping vp1 and vp2 proteins. here we examine the epitope specificity's of 28 monoclonal antibodies (mab) prepared against canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), and raccoon-dog parvovirus or blue (arctic) fox parvovirus. comparing the reactivity of those mab with various mab-selected escape mutants, or with natural variants of cpv or mink enteritis virus (mev) which differ at kno ...	1994	8259653
hosts of lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae) in relation to vesicular stomatitis virus on ossabaw island, georgia, u.s.a.	hosts of lutzomyia shannoni dyar, a suspected biological vector of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (vsnj) virus, were determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) of 333 blood-fed female sandflies collected from their diurnal resting shelters on ossabaw island, georgia, u.s.a. sandflies had fed primarily on white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) (81%) and to a lesser extent on feral swine (sus scrofa) (16%), two species of host infected annually with ...	1994	7841487
ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from small and medium-sized kansas mammals.	seven species of hard-bodied ticks were collected from 20 species of small and medium-sized mammals in kansas; amblyomma americanum l., dermacentor variabilis (say), haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard), ixodes cookei packard, i. kingi bishopp, i. sculptus neumann, and i. texanus banks. dermacentor variabilis was found statewide, a. americanum only in the eastern one-third of the state, and the ixodes spp. and h. leporispalustris were widely scattered. the most common tick found was d. varia ...	1994	8057327
intrinsic discharge patterns and somatosensory inputs for neurons in raccoon primary somatosensory cortex.	1. discharge patterns of neurons are regulated by synaptic inputs and by intrinsic membrane properties such as their complement of ionic conductances. discharge patterns evoked by synaptic inputs are often used to identify the source and modality of sensory input. however, the interpretation of these discharge patterns may be complicated if different neurons respond to the same synaptic input with a variety of discharge patterns due to differences in intrinsic membrane properties. the purposes o ...	1994	7897492
encephalomyelitis due to a sarcocystis neurona-like protozoan in a rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) infected with simian immunodeficiency virus.	a captive-born rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus developed neurologic abnormalities approximately seven months postinoculation. a chronic necrotizing encephalomyelitis with intralesional protozoal schizonts was diagnosed histologically. the protozoa was identified as sarcocystis neurona based on its morphologic characteristics by light and electron microscopic examination, the developmental stages of the schizonts, and positive staining wit ...	1994	7943553
canine distemper epizootic in lions, tigers, and leopards in north america.	canine distemper virus (cdv) infection occurred in captive leopards (panthera pardus), tigers (panthera tigris), lions (panthera leo), and a jaguar (panthera onca) in 1991 and 1992. an epizootic affected all 4 types of cats at the wildlife waystation, san fernando, california, with 17 mortalities. cdv-infected raccoons were thought to be the source of infection in these cats. two black leopards died at the naibi zoo, coal valley, illinois, and 2 tigers died at the shambala preserve, acton, calif ...	1994	7948195
distribution of heat-stable enterotoxin/guanylin receptors in the intestinal tract of man and other mammals.	the human intestinal tract, as well as that of several eutherian and metatherian mammals, was examined for the distribution of heat-stable enterotoxin (st)/guanylin receptors. these receptors were confined to the intestinal epithelium lining the lumen and forming the intestinal glands throughout the length of both the small intestine and colon of all species examined. in man and most other mammalian species, there appeared to be a decrease in receptor density distally along the longitudinal axis ...	1994	8014132
a field evaluation of baits for delivering oral rabies vaccines to raccoons (procyon lotor).	eight field trials were conducted in 1989 and 1990 in georgia (usa) and maryland (usa) to evaluate baits and baiting strategies for delivering oral rabies vaccines to raccoons (procyon lotor). bait packets consisting of corn meal and egg batter-based baits enclosed in plastic bags were placed at 1.0-m diameter, raked tracking stations and checked daily. packets were well accepted by raccoons; they visited 31 to 44% of the tracking stations where they removed 69 to 90% of the packets within 4 to ...	1994	8028103
hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy in a raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) with chronic pulmonary inflammatory lesions.	a female raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) captured september 1992 in nara prefecture, japan, suffering from swollen joints of all four limbs was necropsied. radiographically, there was a shadow in the right pulmonary caudal lobe and periosteal bone formation around several joints. microscopically, there was extensive edema, along with one large and many small pyogranulomatous nodules and purulent bronchitis in the right lobe and left caudal lobe of the lungs. there were intermingled branch ...	1994	7760503
characterization of the feline host range and a specific epitope of feline panleukopenia virus.	the feline parvovirus subgroup is comprised of viruses isolated from various carnivores, including the dog, cat, mink, raccoon, arctic fox, and raccoon dog. those viruses are > 98% identical in their dna sequences and are very similar antigenically. we have shown that although canine parvovirus (cpv) replicates in numerous feline cell lines in vitro it does not infect cats after parenteral inoculation (u. truyen and c. r. parrish, (1992) j. virol. 66, 5399-5408). here we use recombination mappin ...	1994	7513918
identification of the feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) genes encoding glycoproteins g, d, i and e: expression of fhv-1 glycoprotein d in vaccinia and raccoon poxviruses.	the genome of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1), the major cause of viral upper respiratory disease in cats, contains several genes encoding homologues of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoproteins. restriction mapping studies have indicated that the group d genome of fhv-1 contains a unique short region that is 9.0 kb long. the nucleotide sequence of a 6.2 kb portion of this region was determined. analyses of this sequence have identified five open reading frames capable of encoding homo ...	1994	8207390
[mtdna polymorphism and differentiation of subspecies of chinese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonides)].	the mtdna from 14 raccoon dogs of 7 geographical populations was analyzed with 8 restriction endonucleases, and the restriction map was constructed. furthermore, upg molecular phylogenetic trees of the mtdna were constructed based on the genetic distances. our results indicated that the differentiation was obvious within geographical populations of the subspecies n. p. procyonoides, and that the event of divergence in chinese raccoon dog first occurred between the southern and northern populatio ...	1994	8003349
epizootic canine rabies transmitted by coyotes in south texas.	prior to 1988, rabies was reported only sporadically in coyotes. however, in the final 4 months of 1988, starr county, tex, which is situated on the us-mexico border, experienced an epizootic of canine rabies, consisting of 6 laboratory-confirmed cases of rabies in coyotes and of 2 cases in domestic dogs. the first 3 cases were detected in coyotes, and the first case in a domestic dog was observed 84 days after the index case. adjacent hidalgo county reported 9 cases of rabies in dogs during the ...	1994	8163414
diagnosis and management of baylisascaris procyonis infection in an infant with nonfatal meningoencephalitis.	baylisacaris procyonis, the common raccoon ascarid, is known to cause life-threatening visceral, neural, and ocular larva migrans in mammals and birds. two human fatalities have been previously described; however, little is known about the spectrum of human disease caused by b. procyonis. in this report, the case of a 13-month-old child who had nonfatal meningoencephalitis secondary to b. procyonis infection is presented. the suspected diagnosis was confirmed with use of newly developed enzyme i ...	1994	8086545
experimental infection of raccoon dogs with sarcocystis cruzi and s. miescheriana.	raccoon dogs were successfully infected with sarcocystis cruzi and s. miescheriana by oral inoculation of infected cardiac muscle of cattle and pigs slaughtered in saitama and okinawa prefectures, respectively. oocysts and sporocysts passed by raccoon dogs were similar in measurements and morphological features as reported of s. cruzi and s. miescheriana respectively. the prepatent and patent periods of both s. cruzi and s. miescheriana were 9 and 66-72 days respectively in raccoon dogs.	1994	7999889
basilar arteries of the brain in raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides (gray, 1834)).	observations carried out on 43 brains of raccoon dogs show that the system of basilar arteries of the brain is similar to that in other carnivores. the observed differences were manifested in different vessel connections and occurrence of some variations. in 53.4% cases the basilar artery in raccoon dogs develops from the combination of the even ventral spinal arteries and the vertebral arteries entering them. an unusual case of the reduction of spinal artery was also found.	1994	8590903
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1993.	in 1993, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 9,495 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. greater than 93% (8,889 cases) were wild animals, whereas 6.4% (606 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases increased 9.9% over that of 1992 (8,645 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of rabies in raccoons (37.1% increase in reported cases over 1992). t ...	1994	7744643
blood hosts of aedes albopictus in the united states.	bloodfed aedes albopictus were collected during 1989-91 by vacuum aspirator from rural and urban study sites in missouri, florida, indiana, illinois, and louisiana. blood hosts identified by elisa and precipitin tests were rabbit (n = 91), rattus sp. (n = 69), dog (n = 14), unidentified mammal (n = 14), cow (n = 13), human (n = 10), deer (n = 10), sciurid (n = 7), turtle (n = 5), murid other than rattus sp. (n = 4), raccoon (n = 3), passeriform bird (n = 3), and cat (n = 2). as an opportunistic ...	1994	7807094
ectoparasites of opossums and raccoons in southeastern georgia.	twelve species of ectoparasites (four fleas, three ticks, three chiggers, one macronyssid mite, and one atopomelid mite) were recovered from 42 opossums, didelphis virginiana kerr, live-trapped from september 1992 through april 1994 in southeastern georgia. the fleas, ctenocephalides felis (bouché) (prevalence = 19%) and polygenis gwyni (c. fox) (36%); the ticks, dermacentor variabilis (say) (40%) and ixodes scapularis say (19%); and the macronyssid mite, ornithonyssus wernecki (fonseca) (21%), ...	1994	7815408
genetic, phenotypic, and behavioral variation in north american sylvatic isolates of trichinella.	two restriction endonucleases (cla i and hpa ii) produced polymorphic repetitive dna profiles which were used in a clustering analysis to quantify the level of genetic variation among 14 north american sylvatic isolates of t5 trichinella. differences in genetic profiles reflected phenotypic differences in parasite reproductive success as measured by an isolate's reproductive capacity index in natural hosts. two genetically distinct isolates of the t5 genotype and t. spiralis were used to infect ...	1994	7931904
biological and immunological studies on a low virulence isolate of the tulahuén strain of trypanosoma cruzi.	reduced virulence for mice was characterized in an isolate (lv1) of a clone of the tulahuén strain of trypanosoma cruzi. lv1 caused long term chronic parasitemias which were measured for 140 days in both c3h/he and balb/c mice inoculated with 1 x 10(5) trypanosomes/mouse. in contrast to the acute and rapidly lethal tulahuén strain infections in both strains of mice, all of the animals survived the lv1 infections. sera of c3h/he mice infected with the tulahuén strain or lv1 isolate displayed simi ...	1994	9747330
effects of melatonin implants in spring on testicular regression and moulting in adult male raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procynoides).	six male raccoon dogs were treated with constant-release implants of melatonin on 29 march, when the animals still had mature spermatozoa and a winter coat. six untreated animals served as controls. high serum concentrations of melatonin were found in the treated animals throughout the study period (182.2 and 38.5 pg ml-1 in april and august, respectively). the high serum concentrations of prolactin in april and may (18.9 and 15.7 ng ml-1, respectively) in the controls were not seen in the treat ...	1995	7490720
sources and reservoirs of toxoplasma gondii infection on 47 swine farms in illinois.	field studies were conducted on 47 swine farms in illinois during 1992 and 1993 to identify sources and reservoirs of toxoplasma gondii infection. blood samples were obtained from swine and from trapped wildlife. serum antibodies to t. gondii were determined using the modified agglutination test, incorporating mercaptoethanol. antibodies to t. gondii (titer > or = 25) were found in 97 of 4,252 (2.3%) finishing pigs, 395 of 2,617 (15.1%) sows, 267 of 391 (68.3%) cats, 126 of 188 (67.0%) raccoons, ...	1995	7472862
borrelia burgdorferi in eastern virginia: comparison between a coastal and inland locality.	in virginia, borrelia burgdorferi was more prevalent in a site along the atlantic ocean, near maryland, than in an inland site near williamsburg and yorktown. at the coastal site on assateague island, b. burgdorferi was isolated from 4.2% of 475 animals sampled, including four species of small mammals. serologic tests indicated that 25-37% of the small rodents assayed had been exposed to b. burgdorferi. immunofluorescence antibody assays specific for b. burgdorferi showed spirochete infection in ...	1995	7677212
rabies virus vaccines.	many years of research and observations on bait uptake, efficacy, behavioural studies of foxes, reduction and elimination of rabies, population dynamics of foxes following oral vaccination, as well as annual exchanges of researchers' experiences, formed the scientific background for field trials extending over many years. these are the most extensive field studies for the testing of a rabies vaccine so far. the use of the techniques and strategies of oral immunisation of foxes against rabies usi ...	1995	7796967
adrenal gland adenomas in raccoons (procyon lotor) from the eastern united states.		1995	7578466
resurgence of rabies. a historical perspective on rabies in children.	wildlife rabies in certain parts of the united states has been increasing. with greater urbanization, many areas have seen an influx of wild animals such as raccoons and foxes that are known wildlife reservoirs of rabies. rabies encephalitis has been a fatal illness recognized by humans throughout history. the purpose of this review is to examine the history of rabies throughout the world to elucidate the evolution of popular and scientific knowledge of the disease in animals and humans. by exam ...	1995	7503835
nucleotide sequence of the thymidine kinase gene of raccoon poxvirus.	using primers directed against the thymidine kinase gene of vaccinia virus, pcr products were generated from nucleic acids extracted from raccoon poxvirus-infected vero cells. the pcr products were consistent in size with the expected products from vaccinia virus. nucleotide sequence determination revealed that the raccoon pox thymidine kinase gene and flanking regions were 84.3% homologous to the corresponding sequences of vaccinia virus. at the amino acid level, an open reading frame coding fo ...	1995	7483292
herpesvirus-like infection in a raccoon (procyon lotor).	during march 1990, a subadult raccoon found dead in northeastern pennsylvania (usa) had gross lesions of multifocal hepatitis. microscopically, multifocal randomly distributed areas of acute necrosis with intranuclear viral inclusions were seen in liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and tongue. ultrastructural and immunoperoxidase results of formalin fixed liver were compatible with herpesvirus infection. this virus could be unique to the raccoon or may have been acquired from another species.	1995	8592369
brugia beaveri: microscopic morphology in host tissues and observations on its life history.	the filaria brugia beaveri is a parasite of raccoons (procyon lotor) in louisiana. its microfilariae, which circulate in the peripheral blood without any periodicity, develop to the infective stage in mosquitoes. the filaria can be transmitted in the laboratory to other raccoons, the domestic cat, and jirds (meriones unguiculatus). the prepatent period is 70-107 days depending on the definitive host. adult worms are found in lymphatics and associated subcutaneous tissues of raccoons and in the h ...	1995	7707200
analyses of mammalian sera in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with different strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.	blood samples were collected from cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus), raccoons (procyon lotor), white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) between 1977 and 1991 in southern connecticut and new york state (usa) and were tested for antibodies against eight strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. among these spirochetes were six strains of b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, one strain of b. garinii (=ip90) and ...	1995	8583632
evolution of the feline-subgroup parvoviruses and the control of canine host range in vivo.	a related group of parvoviruses infects members of many different carnivore families. some of those viruses differ in host range or antigenic properties, but the true relationships are poorly understood. we examined 24 vp1/vp2 and 8 ns1 gene sequences from various parvovirus isolates to determine the phylogenetic relationships between viruses isolated from cats, dogs, asiatic raccoon dogs, mink, raccoons, and foxes. there were about 1.3% pairwise sequence differences between the vp1/vp2 genes of ...	1995	7609035
descriptive epidemiology of animal bites in indiana, 1990-92--a rationale for intervention.	animal bites are a reality of life throughout the world. they arise out of an imperfect relationship with domestic animals and wildlife. most bite injuries are preventable. the principal approaches to community-wide bite prevention programs include reducing the number of domestic animals roaming in the community (animal control) and teaching people to refrain from behaviors likely to provoke bites. this article addresses the epidemiologic basis and justification for a bite prevention program tar ...	1995	7838946
effect of deer exclusion on the abundance of immature ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) parasitizing small and medium-sized mammals.	effects of deer exclusion on abundance of immature ixodes scapularis say parasitizing small and medium-sized mammals, and the role mammals have in introducing ticks to exclosure areas, were examined at two sites in westchester county, new york. in total, 686 mammal captures representing nine species were obtained, with white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus rafinesque, composing > 80% of all captures, followed by raccoons, procyon lotor (l.); opossums, didelphis virginiana (kerr); and striped sk ...	1995	7869342
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1994.	in 1994, 48 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 8,224 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 6 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 93% (7,632 cases) were wild animals, whereas 7% (592 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases decreased 13.4% from that of 1993 (9,498 cases), with most of the decline resulting from 19.2% fewer cases of rabies in raccoons. two previously described epizootics of rabies involvi ...	1995	7493894
cerebrospinal larva migrans due to baylisascaris procyonis in a guinea pig colony.	four guinea pigs from a colony of approximately 50 animals were examined for progressive neurologic disease of 5 days' duration. signs of neurologic dysfunction included cachexia, stupor, hyperexcitability, lateral recumbency, and opisthotonos. results of gross pathologic, microbiologic, and serologic examinations were unremarkable. histologic examination of cerebral and cerebellar sections revealed multifocal malacia and regions of eosinophilic granulomatous inflammation. cross-sections of nema ...	1995	7752610
the ascension of wildlife rabies: a cause for public health concern or intervention?	the epidemiology of rabies in the united states has changed substantially during the last half century, as the source of the disease has changed from domesticated animals to wildlife, principally raccoons, skunks, foxes, and bats. moreover, the changes observed among affected wildlife populations have not occurred without human influence. rather, human attraction to the recreational and economic resources provided by wildlife has contributed to the reemergence of rabies as a major zoonosis. alth ...	1995	8903179