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autologous osteoblasts enhance osseointegration of porous titanium implants.the goal of this study was to assess the osseointegration of porous titanium implants by means of coating with autologous osteoblasts. titanium implants (8 x 5 x 4 mm) having drill channels with diameters of 400, 500, and 600 microm were coated with autologous osteoblasts obtained from spongiosa chips. the implants were inserted into the distal femora of 17 adult chinchilla bastard rabbits (group i). uncoated implants were inserted as controls in the contralateral femur (group ii). the animals w ...200312568951
isolation of cytomegalovirus and foamy virus from the drill monkey (mandrillus leucophaeus) and prevalence of antibodies to these viruses amongst wild-born and captive-bred individuals.drill monkeys (mandrillus leucophaeus) are an endangered species whose indigenous viral flora is largely unknown. we report here the isolation and characterization of both a cytomegalovirus (drcmv) and a foamy virus (sfv-drl) from drill monkeys. phylogenetic analysis of dna sequence data placed the drcmv within a primate cmv clade, and showed that sfv-drl was closely related to baboon foamy viruses. elisa analysis demonstrated that drcmv shared common epitopes with other primate cmvs but was dis ...200312607096
application of carbon dioxide and erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers in inner ear surgery: an experimental study.surgery of the inner ear requires atraumatic techniques to preserve the sensory structures of the inner ear. with modern laser technology, surgery can be performed without mechanical contact, reducing the risk of direct mechanical trauma. however, energy transfer by laser light has the potential to induce damage by heating, pressure waves, or direct irradiation, depending on the properties of the laser and parameters of application.200415129125
the influence of a biomaterial on the closure of a marginal hard tissue defect adjacent to implants. an experimental study in the dog.the present experiment was performed to determine the influence of bio-oss on hard tissue formation at sites that, following implant installation, presented a 1-1.25 mm wide marginal defect.200415142090
effects of fibrin sealant protein concentrate with and without platelet-released growth factors on bony healing of cortical mandibular defects. an experimental study in minipigs.in this study, the effects of fibrin sealant protein concentrate (fspc; from the tissucol kit, baxter, vienna, austria) with and without platelet-released growth factors (prgf) on bony healing of cortical mandibular defects were investigated. defects made in the facial mandibular wall of eight adult minipigs with a hollow drill were filled with fspc alone, a mix of fspc+prgf or left untreated as controls. the animals were killed 4 and 8 weeks later. specimens were processed for histology with th ...200415142092
rapidly prototyped temporal bone model for otological education.the anatomy of the temporal bone is extremely complicated. if a three-dimensional model could be simulated, it would greatly contribute to the stereoscopic understanding of anatomy and surgery. a simulated three-dimensional model of a human temporal bone was prototyped using the selective laser sintering method. the model could be shaved using a surgical drill in the same way as in real surgery. a magnified model was particularly useful for the instruction of anatomy and surgery. when a transluc ...200415162002
adopting 540-degree fusion to correct cervical kyphosis.two cases of severe cervical spine kyphotic deformity resulting from late effects of infection were successfully corrected by combined anterior and posterior instrumentations in a single operative sitting.200415165782
prostaglandin e2 receptor (ep4) selective agonist (ono-4819.cd) accelerates bone repair of femoral cortex after drill-hole injury associated with local upregulation of bone turnover in mature rats.prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) is essential for fracture healing. systemic administration of ep4 ligands such as pge(2) and other synthetic ep4 agonists appears to transduce anabolic signals by binding to receptor ep4. therefore, the present study was designed to test whether administration of ep4 agonist accelerates the healing of drill-hole injury in the femoral diaphysis. after surgery, a total of 128 wistar rats, at the age of 12 weeks, were assigned to basal control (n = 8), and three groups w ...200415193540
er:yag laser treatments on dentine surface: micro-raman spectroscopy and sem analysis.this study aims to give an insight into the chemical and structural modifications occurring in laser treated dentine surface, as a tool to plan a new class of dental materials specific for the dental restoration when laser technologies are used. for this purpose the effect of er:yag (erbium-yttrium aluminium garnet) laser treatments on human dentine surface has been investigated.200415193789
[multi-center study of the jenaer model of the temporal bone].preparing exercises at the temporal bone are a prerequisite for the knowledge of the anatomical special features of this region and for learning the fundamentals of the tympanic cavity surgery. since however fewer human temporal bones are available, the search for back-up models already took place in the last years.200415197675
yersinia enterocolitica type iii secretion depends on the proton motive force but not on the flagellar motor components mota and motb.the flagellum is believed to be the common ancestor of all type iii secretion systems (ttsss). in yersinia enterocolitica, expression of the flagellar ttss and the ysc (yop secretion) ttss are inversely regulated. we therefore hypothesized that the ysc ttss may adopt flagellar motor components in order to use the pathogenicity-related translocon in a drill-like manner. as a prerequisite for this hypothesis, we first tested a requirement for the proton motive force by both systems using the proto ...200415213145
the influence of drill wear on cutting efficiency and heat production during osteotomy preparation for dental implants: a study of drill durability.the authors evaluated, under conditions simulating implant placement, the cutting efficiency, durability, heat production, and wear of implant drills.200415214217
rapid prototyping of temporal bone for surgical training and medical education.the skills of ear surgery are best developed by dissecting a temporal bone. however, only a limited number of trainees can be afforded this opportunity because of the scarcity of available bones. the aim of this study was to investigate the validity of a prototype temporal bone model for surgical training and education.200415224862
new model for simulation of fracture repair in full-grown beagle dogs: model characterization and results from a long-term study with ibandronate.given that bisphosphonates reduce bone turnover, it is important to establish that their long-term administration does not impair bone quality. this paper describes a new model for simulation of fracture repair to evaluate several aspects of bone quality following long-term administration (34 or 36 weeks) of ibandronate in full-grown beagle dogs.200415233964
failed attempts at experimental transplantation and transmission of nocturnally-periodic simian loa from monkey to man.this paper describes unsuccessful attempts to induce a nocturnally-periodic infection with simian loa in a human volunteer (the author of this paper) by means of 1. transplanting adult simian loa worms from a wild drill (mandrillus leucophaeus) to man; and 2. infecting the same volunteer by sub-cutaneous inoculation with infective larvae of simian loa from a laboratory-bred, experimentally infected chrysops silacea.200415283865
systemic and local ibandronate enhance screw fixation.the trauma involved with inserting implants into bone leads to an activation of the inflammatory response and an activation of osteoclasts. in addition, apoptosis of osteocytes in the surrounding area has been implicated in further activation of osteoclasts. if the balance between resorption and bone formation shortly after implantation favours resorption, an impairment of early fixation might ensue. because bisphosphonates inhibit resorption, this study analyses whether they can improve early f ...200415304286
molecular structure of the bony tissue after experimental trauma to the mandibular region followed by laser therapy.we investigated the therapeutic efficiency of laser irradiation and bio-oss, both and separately, on the post-traumatic regeneration of bone tissue in rats using infrared spectroscopy as an informative and accurate measuring method.200415315733
growth behavior, matrix production, and gene expression of human osteoblasts in defined cylindrical titanium channels.the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of different diameters of cylindrical titanium channels on human osteoblasts. titanium samples having continuous drill channels with diameters of 300, 400, 500, 600, and 1000 microm were put into osteoblast cell cultures that were isolated from 12 adult human trauma patients. cell migration into the drill channels was investigated by transmitted-light microscopy. the dna content in the drill channels was measured photometrically, col ...200414704974
drill cutting accumulations in the northern and central north sea: a review of environmental interactions and chemical fate.the exploration and production of north sea oil and gas reserves has resulted in the accumulation of large quantities of drill cuttings on the seabed surrounding drill sites. this complex mixture of man-made and natural substances contains higher concentrations of certain metals (ba, cr, cu, ni, pb, and zn) and hydrocarbons than are observed in background sediments. with decommissioning of older platforms underway, an evaluation of the environmental interactions and chemical fate of the drill cu ...200414725872
[growth and differentiation factor 5 (gdf-5) composite improves the healing of necrosis of the femoral head in a sheep model. analysis of an animal model].after creation of necrosis in 23 sheep, the composites were implanted in half of the animals. the animals were sacrificed 6 and 12 weeks after implantation and the femora were harvested. the specimens were investigated by microradiography, computed tomography, and histologically.200414747913
phylogenetic analysis of siv derived from mandrill and drill.sivmnd was isolated from mandrills in gabon in 1989 soon after the existence of simian counterparts of hiv such as sivmac and sivagm was known. since then the sivmnd has been long considered as an independent siv lineage and the natural host is the mandrill. however this initial finding turned out to be more complex by the recent finding of new siv isolated from mandrills living in northern mandrill habitat, and other siv isolated from drills and other species. one fact which made these findings ...200414766387
manual punch versus power harvesting of osteochondral grafts.the purpose of the study was to analyze the effect on chondrocyte viability of 2 existing methods of harvesting osteochondral grafts used for articular cartilage resurfacing.200415007320
resolution of bone defects of varying dimension and configuration in the marginal portion of the peri-implant bone. an experimental study in the dog.it was demonstrated that a marginal defect of about 1 mm between the bone wall and the metal surface after implant installation can heal with a high degree of bone fill and osseointegration. objective: the aim of the present animal experiment was to study bone healing at implant sites with hard tissue defects of varying dimensions and configuration.200415016260
evaluation of the washington state national pharmaceutical stockpile dispensing exercise, part ii--dispensary site worker findings.on january 24, 2002, the washington state department of health, in collaboration with local and federal agencies, conducted an exercise of the centers for disease control and prevention's national pharmaceutical stockpile dispensing portion of the washington state plan. this exercise included predrill planning, training, and the orchestration of services of more than 40 dispensary site workers. these workers provided education and post-exposure prophylaxis for over 230 patient volunteers in the ...200415018345
an application of visible human database in radiotherapy: tutorial for image guided external radiotherapy (tiger).three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy allow accurate dose delivery on target volumes. due to the different background among specialists involved in target volume definition, the contouring emerges as one of the most questionable steps in treatment planning procedures. a software tool devoted to contouring training, named tutorial for image guided external radiotherapy ('tiger'), based on the visible human project images data-set, is described.200415028403
time-lapse recordings of human corneal epithelial healing.the aim of this study was to design an experimental set-up for the study of human corneal epithelial wound healing in a controlled in vitro situation.200415043538
comparison of two in vivo and two ex vivo tests to assess the antibacterial activity of several antiseptics.an ex vivo test was adapted to mimic the in vivo conditions of testing antiseptic activity on human forearms and in the european standard hygienic handwash test (bsen 1499). the study was to validate the ex vivo protocols using 4.8% (w/v) para-chloro-meta-xylenol (pcmx, neat dettol), 0.5% (w/v) triclosan in 70% (v/v) isopropanol, and 2% (v/v) povidone-iodine against a high bacterial inoculum (>10(8) cfu/ml) of escherichia coli nctc 10538. two ex vivo tests using human skin samples, including one ...200415474182
natural simian foamy virus infection in wild-caught gorillas, mandrills and drills from cameroon and gabon.a survey for the presence of simian foamy retroviruses (sfvs) was performed in 44 wild-caught apes and monkeys, including 27 gorillas, 11 mandrills and six drills, originating from south cameroon or gabon. combined serological and/or nested-pcr assays indicated sfv infection among five gorilla gorilla gorilla, seven mandrillus sphinx and two mandrillus leucophaeus. sequences of a 425 bp fragment of the integrase gene were obtained for 11 animals. phylogenetic studies indicated that strains from ...200415483245
[bone healing in drill hole defects in spontaneously diabetic bb/ok rats. a histomorphometric and biomechanical study].the objective of this study was to examine changes in the histomorphometric and mechanical evaluation of the influence of the diabetic metabolic state on defect healing depending on the defect size in spontaneously diabetic bb/o(ttawa)k(arlsburg) rats. based on blood glucose levels and postoperative insulin requirements, 120 spontaneously diabetic bb/ok rats were divided into groups with well-compensated or poorly compensated metabolic state. sixty lew.1a rats served as the normoglycemic control ...200415502900
d-matrix - database exploration, visualization and analysis.motivated by a biomedical database set up by our group, we aimed to develop a generic database front-end with embedded knowledge discovery and analysis features. a major focus was the human-oriented representation of the data and the enabling of a closed circle of data query, exploration, visualization and analysis.200415511298
sivdrl detection in captive mandrills: are mandrills infected with a third strain of simian immunodeficiency virus?a pol-fragment of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) that is highly related to sivdrl-pol from drill monkeys (mandrillus leucophaeus) was detected in two mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) from amsterdam zoo. these captivity-born mandrills had never been in contact with drill monkeys, and were unlikely to be hybrids. their mitochondrial haplotype suggested that they descended from founder animals in cameroon or northern gabon, close to the habitat of the drill. sivdrl has once before been found in a ...200415516270
experimental study of paraplegia caused by spinal tumors: an animal model of spinal tumors created by transplantation of vx2 carcinoma.little is known about the mechanism of the paraplegia produced by metastatic spinal tumors, although the quality of life of patients with paraplegia caused by malignant tumors depends to a great extent on treatment of the paraplegia. we previously established an experimental model of malignant femoral tumors by transplanting vx2 carcinoma into the femur, and we have reported the efficacy of chemical embolic therapy, radiotherapy and hyperthermal therapy in treating the tumors in the model.200415541702
fibrin-filled scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering: an in vivo study.recently, fibrin sealants that typically contain supra physiological concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin have been investigated as matrices to facilitate the delivery of cells within biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. it is well known from in vitro experiments that the thrombin concentration present during fibrin polymerization influences the structural properties of fibrin, and these can affect cell invasion. this study was conducted to determine whether the stru ...200415368266
is hydroxyapatite cement an alternative for allograft bone chips in bone grafting procedures? a mechanical and histological study in a rabbit cancellous bone defect model.to evaluate in vivo performance of hydroxyapatite cement (hac) as a porous bone graft substitute, hac was mixed (1:1 ratio) with either porous calcium-phosphate granules (80% tricalcium phosphate, 20% hydroxyapatite) or defatted morsellized cancellous bone (mcb) allograft and implanted bilaterally in cylindrical drill holes in distal femurs of rabbits. groups with empty defects and impacted mcb were used for reference. after 8 weeks, one femur from each pair was examined histologically. all cont ...200415389506
optical manipulation in combination with multiphoton microscopy for single-cell studies.we demonstrate how optical tweezers can be incorporated into a multiphoton microscope to achieve three-dimensional imaging of trapped cells. the optical tweezers, formed by a cw 1064 nm nd:yvo4 laser, were used to trap live yeast cells in suspension while the 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-stained nucleus was imaged in three dimensions by use of a pulsed femtosecond laser. the trapped cell was moved in the axial direction by changing the position of an external lens, which was used to control the ...200415449469
mechanical interface conditions affect morphology and cellular activity of sclerotic bone rims forming around experimental loaded implants.a characteristic bony structure found at revision surgery for failed joint replacement, and implicated as being associated with poorer subsequent implant fixation, is a sclerotic bone rim (sb rim). this study is a histomorphometric analysis of the sb rim formed around an experimental canine micro-motion implant system under stable or unstable conditions with polyethylene (pe) particles, after 8 weeks. a point count histomorphometric analysis was performed to determine the cellular activity at th ...200415099647
[rapid prototyping of the larynx for laryngeal frame work surgery].a detailed understanding of the three-dimensional (3d) structure of the larynx is important for determining appropriate methods and approaches for laryngeal frame work surgery. in this study, a 3d laryngeal model was constructed based on postoperative helical ct data obtained after lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (lca) pull surgery (iwamura) for the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis. the anatomical configurations of the arytenoid cartilages and the optimal approaches for laryngeal frame ...200415559298
teaching subfascial perforator veins surgery: survey on a 2-day hands-on course.the present paper describes a training method with objective evaluation to enhance video-assisted surgical skills in subfascial endoscopic perforator veins surgery (seps). training was scheduled during a 2-day intensive course.200415574157
subdural haematoma: a complication of cochlear implantation.cochlear implants have transformed the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. they have few major complications. the authors describe the case of a man fitted with a cochlear implant who suffered a postoperative subdural haematoma. the haematoma is thought to have been caused by bleeding from emissary veins opened by the drill passages used to anchor the sutures for the receiver/stimulator. the authors have abandoned tie down sutures in cochlear implants, preferring an appropriately deep well ...200415667688
mediums and messages: an argument against biotechnical enhancement of soldiers in the armies of liberal democracies.assuming that one believes that individuals and states can morally defend values, beliefs, and institutions with force (in short, that just wars are morally possible), one logically wants just combatants to possess the physical, mental, and spiritual capacities that will enable them to win the war. on the other hand, being a just combatant in a just war does not morally entitle that combatant to do anything to win that war. the moral requirement for just combatants to fight justly is codified in ...200415856579
expression of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors at the injured growth plate cartilage in young rats.growth plate, a cartilage-like tissue responsible for bone lengthening in children, has limited abilities to regenerate. after injury, a bony repair often occurs at the injury site, which may lead to growth arrest or angulation of the involved long bone. our previous study has demonstrated inflammatory, fibrogenic, and osteogenic responses at the injured growth plate; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. in this study, mrna expression patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth ...200415589211
intramedullary pressure patterns.the insertion of cement and femoral prosthesis in total hip replacement produces biochemical abnormalities. these are thought to be caused by a marked rise in intramedullary pressure. surgeons aim to reduce these pressures by using different methods of insertion and venting. the present investigation was undertaken to establish if any one method was superior to the others. the greatest modification of acrylic pressure was obtained by means of a drill hole. thie highest rise in pressure was produ ...2004535270
[clinical observations in electric stimulation of the ear (author's transl)].for 20 years direct electrical stimulation has been used in cases of severe bilateral hearing loss or complete deafness to mediate acoustic percepts. the relevant literature is reviewed. while these attempts were initially thought to be unphysiological and unsuited for transferring speech, acoustic sensations were successfully conveyed even with the very simple unichannel electrodes through percutaneous signal transfer. patients fitted with such simple systems were able to hear and distinguish e ...2004383059
[custom moldable hydroxyapatite collagen composite for repair of osseous defects].in the following study we evaluated the biological response of a new freely moldable bone substitute in an animal model.200515614577
articular cartilage adjacent to experimental defects is subject to atypical strains.we tested the hypothesis that articular cartilage adjacent to experimental osteochondral defects is not subject to unusual strains under load. a 2.5-mm drill hole was made in the medial femoral condyle of 15 knees from 10 adult rabbits. experimental joints were loaded with simulated quadriceps force, then frozen under load and preserved by freeze-substitution fixation. deformation in the region of the defect was evaluated by scanning electron and light microscopy and compared with nondrilled and ...200515662325
the effect of hyaluronan on tendon healing in rabbits.enhancement of the healing of the tendon-bone junction is important for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the hamstring tendon. we examined the effect of hyaluronan injection into the bone tunnel on the healing of the tendon-bone junction.200516325083
comparison of two-dimensional and three-dimensional suturing: is there a difference in a robotic surgery setting?robotic surgery allows three-dimensional (3d) viewing of tissues. we compared two-dimensional (2d) and 3d suturing drills using the davinci surgical system to determine if the latter is advantageous.200516359218
crestal bone loss minimized when following the crestal preparation protocol: a histomorphometric study in dogs.initial breakdown of the implant-tissue interface generally begins at the crestal region in successfully osseointegrated implants. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on crestal bone loss (cbl) around implants specially developed for immediate loading with a unique crestal drill. after 8 weeks postextraction, 6 young male mongrel dogs received 48 implants (xive) in the region corresponding to the 4 mandibular premolars. the implant sites were prepared according to the manufactur ...200516447900
evaluation of healing in feline femoral defects filled with cancellous autograft, cancellous allograft or bioglass.cancellous bone grafting is a widely accepted technique in human and veterinary orthopaedic surgery. however, the use of autogenous bone graft is limited by the additional surgical time required to harvest the graft, the morbidity associated with the donor site, and the limited availability of cancellous bone, especially in feline patients. various allografts and bone graft substitutes are available commercially but have not been fully evaluated for efficacy in the cat. the purpose of this study ...200516594447
clinical application of stereolithographic surgical guides for implant placement: preliminary results.the success of implant-supported restorations requires detailed treatment planning, which includes the construction of a surgical guide. recently, computer-aided rapid prototyping has been developed to construct surgical guides in an attempt to improve the precision of implant placement. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the match between the positions and axes of the planned and placed implants when a stereolithographic surgical guide is employed.200515857088
the effect of drill-hole length on the primary stability of osteochondral grafts in mosaicplasty.osteochondral grafts were transplanted from the trochlea of porcine femurs into drill holes that were 20, 15, and 12 mm in length on the lateral femoral condyle. grafts initially were pushed in flush with the surrounding cartilage, and then a testing machine pushed the grafts 3 mm deeper. for the 20-, 15-, and 12-mm drill holes, mean forces for pushing the graft flush were 36.58, 43.33, and 118.13 n, respectively, while mean forces for pushing the graft 3 mm deeper were 122.50, 249.33, and 377.2 ...200515887587
identification of ergonomics interventions used to reduce musculoskeletal loading for building installation tasks.skilled workers in the mechanical and electrical installation (m/ei) building and construction trades experience high rates of disabling work-related musculoskeletal disorders (wmsds). the m/ei trades involve installing piping; heating, ventilation and air conditioning (hvac), and electrical systems in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. in the absence of an ergonomics standard in the united states, some building and construction contractors, including m/ei sector contractors, hav ...200515892937
effects of repeated drill use on temperature of bone during preparation for osteosynthesis self-tapping screws.drills used during preparation for osteosynthesis with self-tapping screws are often used repeatedly until they become blunt and ineffective. because the sharpness of the drill is one of the most important factors in its cutting efficiency, blunt drills may require the application of extra force, which in turn may contribute to excessive frictional heat produced during preparation of screw holes. large rises in temperature can impair bony regeneration around screws and contribute to failure of i ...200515949876
maxillary sinus floor augmentation using a beta-tricalcium phosphate (cerasorb) alone compared to autogenous bone grafts.a prospective human clinical study was conducted to determine the clinical and histologic bone formation ability of 2 graft materials, a beta-tricalcium phosphate (cerasorb; curasan, kleinostheim, germany) and autogenous chin bone, in maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery.200515973955
microleakage of class v resin composite restorations after conventional and er:yag laser preparation.this in vitro study compared the microleakage of class v resin composite restorations at bevelled enamel/composite and dentin/composite interfaces following er:yag laser (pre-treatment modalities: laser-etching and/or acid-etching) or conventional preparation and acid-etch, in association with two resin composite formulations and their three-step adhesive system. class v cavities with conventional bevel produced on the lingual and buccal surfaces of eighty extracted caries- and restoration-free ...200516102081
histomorphometric and mechanical analyses of the drill-free screw as orthodontic anchorage.drill-free screws were developed to provide convenient orthodontic anchorage. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the drilling procedure on the stability of the screws under early orthodontic loading.200516102403
endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal chiasmapexy with silicone plates for empty sella syndrome: technical note.silicone plates sutured together to form blocks were used for extradural elevation of the sella floor in two patients who underwent chiasmapexy for visual disturbance associated with empty sella syndrome. a 36-year-old woman had been treated for prolactinoma for about 19 years with bromocriptine and then presented with left visual disturbance. a 79-year-old man presented with right blurred vision of unknown cause other than empty sella. the sella turcica was accessed via the endonasal transsphen ...200516127264
[clinical observation of the effect of crystallitic dermabrasion on skin superficial scars].to observe the changes in histopathology and clinical effect after the treatment of superficial scars in human faces and exposed parts of human extremities with crystallitic dermabrasion.200516128103
acute unilateral hearing loss as an unusual presentation of cholesteatoma.cholesteatomas are epithelial cysts that contain desquamated keratin. patients commonly present with progressive hearing loss and a chronically discharging ear. we report an unusual presentation of the disease with an acute hearing loss suffered immediately after prolonged use of a pneumatic drill.200516168065
the insertion geometry of the posterolateral corner of the knee.we have quantitatively documented the insertion geometry of the main stabilising structures of the posterolateral corner of the knee in 34 human cadavers. the lateral collateral ligament inserted posterior (4.6 mm, sd 2) and proximal (1.3 mm, sd 3.6) to the lateral epicondyle of the femur and posterior (8.1 mm, sd 3.2) to the anterior point of the head of the fibula. on the femur, the popliteus tendon inserted distally (11 mm, sd 0.8) and either anterior or posterior (mean 0.84 mm anterior, sd 4 ...200516189309
13c-isotopic fingerprint of pinus pinaster ait. and pinus sylvestris l. wood related to the quality of standing tree mass in forests from nw spain.pine forest plantations of pinus pinaster ait. and p. sylvestris l. located in galicia, nw spain, were selected to study the 13c/12c-isotopic fingerprint in wood core samples in order to find possible relationships between the delta(13)c at natural abundance levels and the quality of the standing tree mass. for each pine species, 24 forests growing on acidic soils were studied: half developed over granite and half over schists. two dominant trees from each plot, corresponding to all possible com ...200516208761
canine sacroiliac luxation: anatomic study of dorsoventral articular surface angulation and safe corridor for placement of screws used for lag fixation.to define a safe corridor in the dorsoventral plane to facilitate placement of screws inserted in lag fashion within the sacral body for fixation of sacroiliac fracture-luxation injuries in dogs.200516212586
[axial load in case of press-fit fixation of the acl graft--a fundamental study].the aim of this study was the determination of the axial fixation load resting on smooth press-fit dowels needed for fixation of the patellar tendon graft (btb) in order to reach the same fixation properties compared to the interference screw on anterior cruciate ligament (acl) plasty.200516224676
faking it? simulation in the training of obstetricians and gynaecologists.this paper discusses the use of simulation as a training tool in obstetrics and gynaecology.200516258334
tissue restoration after resorption of polyglycolide and poly-laevo-lactic acid screws.despite worldwide clinical use of bio-absorbable devices for internal fixation in orthopaedic surgery, the degradation behaviour and tissue replacement of these implants are not fully understood. in a long-term experimental study, we have determined the patterns of tissue restoration 36 and 54 months after implantation of polyglycolic acid and poly-laevo-lactic acid screws in the distal femur of the rabbit. after 36 months in the polyglycolic acid group the specimens showed no remaining polymer ...200516260683
histologic analysis of an immediately loaded implant retrieved after 2 months.human biopsy of immediately loaded implants is the most important way to determine the occurrence of osseointegration. implants inserted in sites with poor bone quality have been associated with lower success rates. the aim of this study is to document the early healing processes in a man around an immediately loaded implant retrieved after a 2-month loading period. an implant was inserted in the mandible of a 32-year-old patient and was loaded into a nonfunctional loading mode with a fixed prov ...200516265855
foramen magnum decompression for treatment of caudal occipital malformation syndrome in dogs.a method for foramen magnum decompression (fmd) in dogs with caudal occipital malformation syndrome (coms) and results for 16 dogs are described. in brief, a dorsal approach to the caudal portion of the occiput and arch of the atlas was made, and a high-speed drill was used to remove a portion of the occiput in the region of the foramen magnum and the dorsal aspect of c1. the meninges that were exposed were removed or marsupialized to surrounding tissues. foramen magnum decompression was perform ...200516266016
[the effect of the tibial tunnel fixation level on the results of cyclic loading in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction].this study was designed to compare the biomechanical characteristics of non-anatomic (far from joint) and anatomic (close to joint) levels of tibial tunnel fixation with soft tissue graft using a soft tissue interference screw in anterior cruciate ligament (acl) reconstruction.200516269885
[investigation about the clinical use of brushite- and hydroxylapatite-cement in sheep].for future clinical use as synthetic bone replacement, an injectable brushite-(chronos-inject) and hydroxylapatite-(biobon) cement were compared in a drill hole model in 10 sheep over time at 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 and 24 weeks. results were compared regarding their practical use, biocompatibiliy, resorption mechanism and subsequent new bone formation. the cements were filled into drill holes (psi 8 x 13mm) of the proximal and distal humerus, and femur and the samples evaluated macroscopically, radiolog ...200516315850
utilization of fluorescent microspheres and a green fluorescent protein-marked strain for assessment of microbiological contamination of permafrost and ground ice core samples from the canadian high arctic.fluorescent microspheres were applied in a novel fashion during subsurface drilling of permafrost and ground ice in the canadian high arctic to monitor the exogenous microbiological contamination of core samples obtained during the drilling process. prior to each drill run, a concentrated fluorescent microsphere (0.5-microm diameter) solution was applied to the interior surfaces of the drill bit, core catcher, and core tube and allowed to dry. macroscopic examination in the field demonstrated re ...200515691963
biocompatibility and resorption of a brushite calcium phosphate cement.a hydraulic calcium phosphate cement with beta-tricalcium phosphate (tcp) granules embedded in a matrix of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (dcpd) was implanted in experimentally created defects in sheep. one type of defect consisted of a drill hole in the medial femoral condyle. the other, partial metaphyseal defect was located in the proximal aspect of the tibia plateau and was stabilized using a 3.5 mm t-plate. the bone samples of 2 animals each per group were harvested after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks ...200515701367
estimation of fluoride distribution in the mandible and teeth of the red deer (cervus elaphus l.) from industrially polluted areas in poland.animals from areas contaminated by industrial emissions containing fluoride may accumulate it predominantly in hard tissues. therefore, an analysis was performed for the determination of fluoride content in mandibles and teeth of deer living at large in different areas in western pomerania (poland). samples of hard tissues obtained with a dental drill, were dissolved in perchloric acid and analyzed for fluoride content with an ion-selective electrode. using the generalized regression neural netw ...200515740709
the role of protease-activated receptor-1 in bone healing.protease-activated receptor (par)-1, a g-protein-coupled receptor activated by thrombin, mediates thrombin-induced proliferation of osteoblasts. the current study was undertaken to define the role of par-1 in bone repair. holes were drilled transversely through the diaphysis of both tibiae of par-1-null and wild-type mice. three days later, fewer cells had invaded the drill site from adjacent bone marrow in par-1-null mice than in wild-type mice, and a lower percentage of cells were labeled with ...200515743797
bisphosphonate (ym529) delays the repair of cortical bone defect after drill-hole injury by reducing terminal differentiation of osteoblasts in the mouse femur.we evaluated the effects of ym529, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, on the repair of cortical bone after drill-hole injury at the tissue-, cell- and gene-levels in the femur of mice. eight-week-old male c57bl/6n mice were treated with an intravenous injection of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg body weight (bw) of ym529, or the vehicle (vc) once a week from 8 weeks of age until sacrifice. at 10 weeks of age (day 0), a drill-hole was made in the diaphysis of bilateral femurs. femoral specimens were ...200515777685
[the factors affecting thermal necrosis secondary to the application of the ilizarov transosseous wire].we investigated thermal changes associated with the application of the ilizarov transosseous wires, the extent of necrosis, and the factors affecting necrosis.200515805758
efficacy of intratympanic methylprednisolone acetate in treatment of drill-induced sensorineural hearing loss in guinea pigs.intratympanic steroids offer direct access to the inner ear with high concentration and without systemic effects. in this study, the efficacy of intratympanic methylprednisolone acetate (it-mpa) was evaluated in a guinea-pig model of drill-induced inner ear trauma. twenty-five guinea pigs were divided into a control group to document the baseline distortion product otoacoustic emissions (dpoaes) and the normal scanning electron microscopic (sem) morphology of the inner ear. the animals in the st ...200515807953
disaster drill at a university hospital.the course of a disaster drill held on 23 october 2001 at aga khan university, karachi is reported. the hospital emergency plan was put to trial on that day. volunteers were invited to become simulated casualties in the drill. briefing seminars had been conducted with the key players of the hospital. the scenario was a man-made type disaster. a 747 jumbo jet with 200 passengers had crashed at the end of the runway at quaid-e-azam international airport while taking off in a thunderstorm. fifty ca ...200515816693
comparison of skill training with robotic systems and traditional endoscopy: implications on training and adoption.robotic systems are being used by an increasing number of surgeons. this environment is markedly different from that of traditional surgery and involves videoscopic guidance, remote surgical control, and the loss of haptic feedback. defining how surgeons learn with these systems is necessary to establish training protocols for this technology. this study compared the learning curve for a robotic surgical system with that of traditional endoscopy in the performance of two standardized skill drill ...200515836846
osseointegration of alumina with a bioactive coating under load-bearing and unloaded conditions.the aim of the study was to evaluate the osseointegration of al(2)o(3) coated with a bioactive glass ceramic (bioveriti), in a load-bearing implant model in sheep in comparison to uncoated al(2)o(3) and to a minimally loaded situation. both types of implants were inserted into the proximal tibia (load-bearing model) and in a drill hole defect into the tibia diaphysis (minimally loaded model). under load-bearing conditions, the coating resulted in significantly higher interfacial shear strength a ...200515585235
detection of mature collagen in human dental enamel.mature dental enamel is the most mineralized of all mammalian tissues and considered to be free of collagen. hydroxylysylpyridinoline (hp) and lysylpyridinoline (lp) are two nonreducible cross-links of mature collagen. hydroxyproline (hyp) is an amino acid that is believed to be indicative of the presence of collagen. we set out to assess the concentrations of hyp, hp, and lp in dental enamel and dentin (control) to clarify whether there was minor collagen content in dental enamel. we studied 17 ...200515558350
muzzle size, paranasal swelling size and body mass in mandrillus leucophaeus.the drill (mandrillus leucophaeus), a forest-living old world monkey, is highly sexually dimorphic, with males exhibiting extreme secondary sexual characteristics, including growth of paranasal swellings on the muzzle. in this study, the size of the secondary bone that forms the paranasal swellings on the muzzles of drills was assessed in relation to body mass proxies. the relationship between the overall size of the muzzle and surrogate measures of body mass was also examined. in female drills, ...200616317498
[experimental study of repairing damaged human amniotic epithelial cells with formulated fibrin clot and cell growth factor].to investigate whether damaged human amniotic epithelial cells (haec) could be repaired on the matrix of formulated fibrin clot in vitro and the effects of epidermal growth factor (egf), basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) and transforming growth factor beta(1) (tgf-beta(1)) on the proliferation of haec.200616635320
expression of the pth/pthrp receptor in chondrogenic cells during the repair of full-thickness defects of articular cartilage.we studied the accumulation of parathyroid hormone (pth)/pthrp receptor-positive mesenchymal cells using double immunohistochemistry and examined whether this correlated with the subsequent regeneration of 3-mm-diameter full-thickness defects of articular cartilage.200616644246
effect of diameter of the drill hole on torque of screw insertion and pushout strength for headless tapered compression screws in simulated fractures of the lateral condyle of the equine third metacarpal bone.to compare variables for screw insertion, pushout strength, and failure modes for a headless tapered compression screw inserted in standard and oversize holes in a simulated lateral condylar fracture model.200616649927
[effects of medical robot-assisted surgical navigation system in distal locking of femoral intramedullary nails: an experimental study].to investigate the effects of medical robot-assisted surgical navigation system based on fluoroscopic images in distal locking of femoral intramedullary nails.200616681907
composition of hyaluronan affects wound healing in the rabbit maxillary sinus.hyaluronan (ha) is a ubiquitous component of the extracellular matrix. ha and its derivatives have been used in the sinuses to reduce scarring and possibly promote wound healing. however, in recent animal studies, ha esters exhibited inflammatory effects. mitomycin c (mmc) is another potential antiscarring treatment. this study prospectively evaluated the effects of three different ha constructs on wound healing in the rabbit maxillary sinus: (i) a novel cross-linked ha hydrogel, (ii) the cross- ...200616686391
histological evaluation, in rabbit tibiae, of osseointegration of mini-implants in sites prepared with er:yag laser versus sites prepared with traditional burs.the aim of this study was to evaluate the different bone reactions in rabbit tibiae after the insertion of mini-implants by using two different techniques of site preparation: the superpulsed er:yag laser (vps system) versus the traditional technique with burs.200616700654
soft tissue graft interference fit fixation: observations on graft insertion site healing and tunnel remodeling 2 years after acl reconstruction in sheep.using soft tissue grafts for anterior cruciate ligament (acl) reconstruction, insertion site healing plays a crucial role in the long-term fate of the graft. it has been shown in an experimental animal study that using a soft tissue graft and anatomic graft fixation, a direct ligamentous insertion alike the native acl developed 24 weeks postoperatively. yet there are no reports on the long-term insertion site healing of anatomically fixed soft tissue grafts. the objective of this study was to ev ...200616710731
the ability of two apex locators to locate the apical foramen: an in vitro study.the objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of the root-zx and novapex electronic apex locators (eals) in locating the apical foramen. forty extracted human teeth were used. the coronal portion of each canal was flared using gates glidden drill. canals were irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. the actual length (al) and electronic length (el) measurements were made on each specimen separately with both devices with an aid of a k-type file. the results obtained with each eal were ...200616728251
production of horse foals via direct injection of roscovitine-treated donor cells and activation by injection of sperm extract.we evaluated the effects of different donor cell treatments and activation methods on production of blastocysts after equine nuclear transfer. nuclear transfer was performed by direct injection of donor cells, using a piezo drill, and standard activation was by injection of sperm factor followed by culture with 6-dimethylaminopurine. there was no difference in blastocyst development between embryos produced with roscovitine-treated or confluent donor cells (3.6% for either treatment). addition o ...200616735545
parameters affecting primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants.treatment options in orthodontics have been expanded by skeletal anchorage via mini-implants over the last few years. sufficient primary stability is imperative to minimize implant loss rate. the aim of this study was to quantitatively analyze the factors influencing primary stability: bone quality, implant-design, diameter, and depth of pilot drilling.200616736117
diffraction enhanced imaging of controlled defects within bone, including bone-metal gaps.gap regions between a bone and an implant, whether existing upon insertion or developing over time, can lead to implant failure. currently, planar x-ray imaging and ct are the most commonly used methods to evaluate the gap region. an alternative to these available clinical imaging modalities could help to better evaluate bone resorption. previous experiments with diffraction enhanced imaging (dei) have shown significant contrast advantages over monochromatic synchrotron radiation (sr) imaging. d ...200616757877
protocols for nuclear transfer in mice.cloning by nuclear transfer in mammals has revealed the remarkable ability of an oocyte to reprogram transferred cell nuclei and induce them to recapitulate the developmental program. this chapter summarizes the method used since 1998 for mouse cloning, which differs from that for large animal cloning. a piezo-drill micromanipulator allows direct injection of nuclei into enucleated mice oocytes instead of the electrofusion method used for introducing a nucleus into an enucleated oocyte of a larg ...200616761716
microwave drilling of bones.this paper presents a feasibility study of drilling in fresh wet bone tissue in vitro using the microwave drill method [jerby et al, 2002], toward testing its applicability in orthopaedic surgery. the microwave drill uses a near-field focused energy (typically, power under approximately 200 w at 2.45-ghz frequency) in order to penetrate bone in a drilling speed of approximately 1 mm/s. the effect of microwave drilling on mechanical properties of whole ovine tibial and chicken femoral bones drill ...200616761844
depiction of low-contrast detail in digital radiography: comparison of powder- and needle-structured storage phosphor systems.we sought to evaluate the low-contrast performance of a newly developed needle image plate/line scanner (nip) computed radiography system in comparison with a standard powder image plate/flying-spot scanner (pip) system.200616772853
requirements and infection prophylaxis for internally cooled implant drills.implant site preparation is crucially important to long-term success. heat generation during drilling is unfavourable, since bone is relatively susceptible to heat, depending on its vascularisation and microstructure. numerous factors such as drilling pressure, number of revolutions, drill design, wear and material, drilling depth and cooling influence heat generation. internally cooled drills are, therefore, increasingly used, even though the improved cooling effect compared to conventional ext ...200616783733
in vivo behavior of calcium phosphate scaffolds with four different pore sizes.the goal of the present study was to assess the effect of macropore size on the in vivo behavior of ceramic scaffolds. for that purpose, beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-tcp) cylinders with four different macropore sizes (150, 260, 510, and 1220 microm) were implanted into drill hole defects in cancellous bone of sheep and their resorption behavior was followed for 6, 12 and 24 weeks. the scaffolds were evaluated for biocompatibility, and new bone formation was observed macroscopically, histologi ...200616790273
use of er:yag laser to improve osseointegration of titanium alloy implants--a comparison of bone healing.the objective of this study was to compare the osseointegration of implants in rats in sites prepared with an er:yag laser with osseointegration in sites prepared using a conventional drill by assessing the percentage of bone-implant contact (bic).200616796279
three-dimensional accuracy of implant placement in a computer-assisted navigation system.to evaluate the 3-dimensional accuracy of dental implant drilling in a computer-assisted navigation (can) system using simulated mandible models.200616796293
digital spectral analysis of the drill-bone acoustic interface during temporal bone dissection: a qualitative cadaveric pilot study.to qualitatively assess the different acoustic signatures of an otologic drill burr-bone interface during temporal bone dissection on full thickness calvarial and thin tegmen bone.200616819310
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