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[grooming and group structure in hamadryas baboons].the results of 3-year observation on coral living hamadryas baboons transported from natural habitat in tuapse reservation have been presented. despite of the fact that grooming between males and females accounted for 73% of total cases of grooming in adult individual pairs, only the relationships of males with high-ranked females of their harems fully corresponded to a star-shaped sociogram. the high-ranked females were not different from all the other females either according to a total number ...201021254539
female chacma baboons form strong, equitable, and enduring social bonds.analyses of the pattern of associations, social interactions, coalitions, and aggression among chacma baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus) in the okavango delta of botswana over a 16-year period indicate that adult females form close, equitable, supportive, and enduring social relationships. they show strong and stable preferences for close kin, particularly their own mothers and daughters. females also form strong attachments to unrelated females who are close to their own age and who are likely t ...201020976293
feeding ecology, food availability and ranging patterns of wild hamadryas baboons at filoha.most hamadryas baboons rely on acacia species for subsistence in their semidesert habitats. unlike other hamadryas sites, palm forests at filoha in awash national park, ethiopia, provide the baboons with a preferred food resource close to a commonly used sleeping site. the baboons are expected to feed on doum palm trees when fruit is available, and this resource use should play a role in ranging patterns. this paper describes the feeding ecology, food availability and ranging patterns of a band ...201020714160
aggression does not increase friendly contacts among bystanders in geladas (theropithecus gelada).aggression within a social group may affect bystanders' affinitive behaviour with other bystanders. after a conflict such affiliations, termed 'quadratic', may serve to reduce tension. this particular kind of conflict management has been found in hamadryas baboons. following the classical and well-established approach for studying post-conflict behaviour [post-conflict/matched control method (pc/mc)], we collected behavioural data on a group of geladas (theropithecus gelada) in order to check fo ...201020571850
baboon vaginal microbiota: an overlooked aspect of primate physiology.the bacterial population of the primate vaginal canal is an infant primate's first exposure to the microbial population inhabiting the outside world. yet, little is known about this population and the effect it might have on the development and survival of the infant primate. as a first step toward characterizing the vaginal microbiota of a nonhuman primate, we used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to evaluate variations in the vaginal microbiota of a group of 35 baboons (papio hamadryas) ...201020095026
refractive power and biometric properties of the nonhuman primate isolated crystalline lens.purpose. to characterize the age dependence of shape, refractive power, and refractive index of isolated lenses from nonhuman primates. methods. measurements were performed on ex vivo lenses from cynomolgus monkeys (cyno: n = 120; age, 2.7-14.3 years), rhesus monkeys (n = 61; age, 0.7-13.3 years), and hamadryas baboons (baboon: n = 16; age, 1.7-27.3 years). lens thickness, diameter, and surface curvatures were measured with an optical comparator. lens refractive power was measured with a custom ...201020107174
identification of human specific gene duplications relative to other primates by array cgh and quantitative pcr.in order to identify human lineage specific (hls) copy number differences (cnds) compared to other primates, we performed pair wise comparisons (human vs. chimpanzee, gorilla and orangutan) by using cdna array comparative genomic hybridization (cgh). a set of 23 genes with hls duplications were identified, as well as other lineage differences in gene copy number specific of chimpanzee, gorilla and orangutan. each species has gained more copies of specific genes rather than losing gene copies. el ...201020153417
de novo sequencing of two new cyclic theta-defensins from baboon (papio hamadryas) leukocytes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.two cyclic theta-defensin peptides were isolated from leukocytes of the hamadryas baboon, papio hamadryas, and purified to homogeneity by gel electrophoresis and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. both peptides had high in vitro activity against escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and candida albicans. here, we report their de novo sequencing by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spec ...201020155756
eight week exposure to a high sugar high fat diet results in adiposity gain and alterations in metabolic biomarkers in baboons (papio hamadryas sp.).baboons (papio hamadryas sp.) develop features of the cardiometabolic syndrome and represent a clinically-relevant animal model in which to study the aetiology of the disorder. to further evaluate the baboon as a model for the study of the cardiometabolic syndrome, we developed a high sugar high fat diet and hypothesized that it could be used to induce adiposity gain and affect associated circulating biomarkers.201021034486
[data on intestinal parasites of lower monkeys in the adler apery].under captive conditions, a parasite fauna connected with the changes in ecological conditions, feeding, and mode of life is usually formed in monkeys. species composition of the intestinal parasites has been investigated in six species of the monkeys (macaca mulatta, m. fascicularis, m. nemestrina, ceropithecus aethiops, papio hamadryas, and p. anubis), which were born in the adler apery and live there for a long time. a comparison with similar investigations carried out in the sukhumi apery, w ...201021061593
chemical characterization of oligosaccharides in the milk of six species of new and old world monkeys.human and great ape milks contain a diverse array of milk oligosaccharides, but little is known about the milk oligosaccharides of other primates, and how they differ among taxa. neutral and acidic oligosaccharides were isolated from the milk of three species of old world or catarrhine monkeys (cercopithecidae: rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta), toque macaque (macaca sinica) and hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas)) and three of new world or platyrrhine monkeys (cebidae: tufted capuchin (cebus apell ...201021127965
generation of a specific-pathogen-free baboon colony.we undertook establishing an spf baboon colony in response to requests from researchers. to enable the widest possible future use of spf baboons, our aim was to develop an spf colony of baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) free of 12 target viruses: 5 herpesviruses, 4 retroviruses, simian virus 40, measles, and monkeypox. infant baboons were removed from their mothers within 24 h of birth and nursery-reared. groups of 3 to 8 age-matched conspecifics were isolated in separate rooms for 1 y while unde ...201021205446
on the genetic architecture of cortical folding and brain volume in primates.understanding the evolutionary forces that produced the human brain is a central problem in neuroscience and human biology. comparisons across primate species show that both brain volume and gyrification (the degree of folding in the cerebral cortex) have progressively increased during primate evolution and there is a strong positive correlation between these two traits across primate species. the human brain is exceptional among primates in both total volume and gyrification, and therefore unde ...201020176115
darwin's apes and "savages".since his visit to tierra del fuego in the 1830s, darwin had been fascinated by the "savages" that succeeded in surviving on such a "broken beach", and because they were certainly similar in behaviour to our ancestors. however, he was also fascinated by baboons' behaviour, according to brehm's accounts: hamadryas baboons showed a strong altruism to the point of risking their own lives in order to save their infants from attack by dogs. in 1871, he mentions he would rather have descended from bra ...201020338533
attenuation correction for the large non-human primate brain imaging using micropet.assessment of the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of radiopharmaceuticals in vivo is often performed on animal models of human disease prior to their use in humans. the baboon brain is physiologically and neuro-anatomically similar to the human brain and is therefore a suitable model for evaluating novel cns radioligands. we previously demonstrated the feasibility of performing baboon brain imaging on a dedicated small animal pet scanner provided that the data are accurately corrected for d ...201020360636
strong and consistent social bonds enhance the longevity of female baboons.longevity is a major component of variation in fitness in long-lived iteroparous species [1-4]. among female baboons, variation in breeding lifespan accounts for approximately 50% of the variation in lifetime fitness [5, 6]. however, we know little about the causes of variation in longevity in primates or other long-lived mammals. savannah baboons form strong, equitable, and enduring relationships with specific female partners, particularly with close relatives and agemates [7-10]. the quality o ...201020598541
comparing responses of four ungulate species to playbacks of baboon alarm calls.a growing body of evidence suggests that a wide range of animals can recognize and respond appropriately to calls produced by other species. social learning has been implicated as a possible mechanism by which heterospecific call recognition might develop. to examine whether familiarity and/or shared vulnerability with the calling species might influence the ability of sympatric species to distinguish heterospecific alarm calls, we tested whether four ungulate species (impala: aepyceros melampus ...201020607576
design, synthesis, and structure-affinity relationships of regioisomeric n-benzyl alkyl ether piperazine derivatives as sigma-1 receptor ligands.a series of n-(benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-n'-benzylpiperazines bearing alkyl or fluoroalkyl aryl ethers were synthesized and evaluated at various central nervous system receptors. examination of in vitro sigma1 {[3h]+-pentazocine} and sigma2 ([3h]dtg) receptor binding profiles of piperazines 11-13 and 25-36 revealed several highly potent and sigma1 selective ligands, notably, n-(benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-n'-(4'-methoxybenzyl)piperazine (13, ki=2.7 nm, sigma2/sigma1=38) and n-(benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-n'- ...201020662542
relationship between canine dimorphism and mandibular morphology in the hamadryas baboon and the japanese monkey.to examine morphological interrelationships between canine size and mandibular corpus shape, inter-sex comparisons were made in the hamadryas baboon and the japanese monkey, known to display extreme and moderate canine dimorphism, respectively. results of adult comparisons showed that all mandibular dimensions were significantly larger in the males than in the females in both species. in the hamadryas baboon, the males also exhibited a higher ratio of anterior to posterior corpus height than the ...201021404236
growth hormone-related genes from baboon (papio hamadryas): characterization, placental expression and evolutionary aspects.pregnancy is a complex physiological condition, and the growth hormone (gh)-related hormones produced in the placenta, which emerged during the evolution of primates, are thought to play an important metabolic role in pregnancy that is not yet fully understood. the aim of this study was to identify the genes and transcription products of the gh family in baboon (papio hamadryas) and to assess these in relation to the evolution of this gene family. gh-related transcripts were amplified using tota ...201019651193
primate maternal placental angiography.in humans, it is known that blood flow is directed to the gravid uterus from two (right and left) pelvic uterine arteries. the extent of supply from the tubo-ovarian anastomosis (joining of the ovarian and uterine arteries) is unknown. the aim of this study was to delineate the arterial blood supply to the placenta via systematic angiography in normal pregnancies in a non-human primate, the baboon (papio hamadryas).201019897240
comparative analysis of muscle architecture in primate arm and forearm.a comparative study of myological morphology, i.e. muscle mass (mm), muscle fascicle length and muscle physiological cross-sectional area (an indicator of the force capacity of muscles), was conducted in nine primate species: human (homo sapiens), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gibbon (hylobates spp.), papio (papio hamadryas), lutong (trachypithecus francoisi), green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops), macaque monkey (macaca spp.), capuchin monkey (cebus albifrons) and squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureu ...201019958344
treponema infection associated with genital ulceration in wild baboons.the authors describe genital alterations and detailed histologic findings in baboons naturally infected with treponema pallidum. the disease causes moderate to severe genital ulcerations in a population of olive baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) at lake manyara national park in tanzania. in a field survey in 2007, 63 individuals of all age classes, both sexes, and different grades of infection were chemically immobilized and sampled. histology and molecular biological tests were used to detect an ...201121411621
primate lens capsule elasticity assessed using atomic force microscopy.the purpose of this project is to measure the elasticity of the human and non-human primate lens capsule at the microscopic scale using atomic force microscopy (afm). elasticity measurements were performed using afm on the excised anterior lens capsule from 9 cynomolgus monkey (5.9-8.0 years), 8 hamadryas baboon (2.8-10.1 years), and 18 human lenses (33-79 years). anterior capsule specimens were obtained by performing a 5 mm continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and collecting the resulting disk ...201121420953
morphological and physiological aspects of digestive processes in the graminivorous primate theropithecus gelada-a preliminary study.hindgut fermentation has been suggested to contribute significantly to the digestive process in the gelada (theropithecus gelada). we therefore hypothesized that in an in vitro fermentation test (hohenheim gas test, using gas production as measure of microbial digestion) inoculum based on fresh gelada feces would degrade grass to a similar degree as zebra (equus burchelli chapmani) feces and to a higher degree than that of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas). additionally, morphology of gelada t ...201121432874
first identification of tannin-binding proteins in saliva of papio hamadryas using ms/ms mass spectrometry.hamadryas baboons possess salivary proline-rich proteins (prp), as indicated by the presence of pink-staining protein bands using 1d sds gel electrophoresis and coomassie r250 staining. the ability of these protein bands to interact with tannic acid was further examined. in a tannin-binding assay using 5 µg tannic acid mixed with hamadryas whole saliva, we recently found four distinct protein bands of apparently 72, 55, 20, and 15 kda that were precipitated during the experiments. in this work, ...201121520214
tumor necrosis factor α induces a model of preeclampsia in pregnant baboons (papio hamadryas).preeclampsia is a common disease of pregnancy characterised by maternal hypertension and proteinuria. abnormal placentation in early pregnancy and abnormal cytokine and anti-angiogenic factor expression are thought to contribute to the clinical syndrome of endothelial dysfunction evident in the second half of gestation. the mechanisms underlying both the placental pathology and its translation to the maternal clinical syndrome are not fully understood. a model of preeclampsia manifest by clinica ...201121737300
Communication and Cognition in Primate Group Movement.We here review the communicative and cognitive processes underpinning collective group movement in animals. Generally, we identify 2 major axes to explain the dynamics of decision making in animal or human groups or aggregations: One describes whether the behavior is largely determined by simple rules such as keeping a specific distance from the neighbor, or whether global information is also factored in. The second axis describes whether or not the individual constituents of the group have over ...201122207770
the effects of a single cervical inoculation of chlamydia trachomatis on the female reproductive tract of the baboon (papio anubis).the baboon (papio hamadryas anubis) can be transcervically instrumented, facilitating studies of intrauterine contraception and reproductive tract infection. we sought to determine if the baboon could become infected with a single cervical inoculation of chlamydia trachomatis.201121921205
Contribution of the crystalline lens gradient refractive index to the accommodation amplitude in non-human primates: In vitro studies.The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of the gradient refractive index to the change in lens power in hamadryas baboon and cynomolgus monkey lenses during simulated accommodation in a lens stretcher. Thirty-six monkey lenses (1.4-14.1 years) and twenty-five baboon lenses (1.8-28.0 years) were stretched in discrete steps. At each stretching step, the lens back vertex power was measured and the lens cross-section was imaged with optical coherence tomography. The radii of curv ...201122131444
Interspecies difference in placement of developing teeth and its relationship with cross-sectional geometry of the mandibular symphysis in four primate species including modern humans.The form of the anthropoid mandibular symphysis has recently been addressed in association with spatial requirements for the forming anterior teeth. To evaluate potential relationships between the symphyseal shape and teeth further, the growth patterns of the symphyseal region and the positioning of the tooth crypts were examined using CT data, comparing four primate species (modern humans, chimpanzees, Japanese monkeys, and hamadryas baboons) with varied symphyseal curvature and tooth size. Fir ...201122120684
Hair cortisol levels track phylogenetic and age related differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in non-human primates.Hair has been shown to archive a uniquely time averaged signal of endocrine activity, and holds attractive advantages for both laboratory and field research. Prior research has explored the potential of hair hormone analysis to examine hormone-behavior relationships. To date, no research has focused on the potential of the technique to investigate age-related changes or taxon differences in endocrine function. It is known that non-human primate infants of many taxa exhibit high cortisol levels a ...201121893059
Male dispersal in a provisioned multilevel group of Rhinopithecus roxellana in Shennongjia Nature Reserve, China.Most Old World monkeys show male-biased dispersal. We present the first systematic data on male dispersal in a provisioned multilevel group of Rhinopithecus roxellana, based on 4.5 years of field observations in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China. We evaluated both ultimate (inbreeding avoidance and male mating competition) and proximate (food availability and predation risk) factors influencing male dispersal. The focal group contained 34-53 individuals, in 3-4 one-male units (OMUs) and ...201121898518
patterns of gastro-intestinal parasites and commensals as an index of population and ecosystem health: the case of sympatric western chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus) and guinea baboons (papio hamadryas papio) at fongoli, senegal.the exponential decline of great apes over the past 50 years has resulted in an urgent need for data to inform population viability assessment and conservation strategies. health monitoring of remaining ape populations is an important component of this process. in support of this effort, we examined endoparasitic and commensal prevalence and richness as proxies of population health for western chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus) and sympatric guinea baboons (papio hamadryas papio) at fongoli, se ...201120853397
not without a fair fight: failed abductions of females in wild hamadryas baboons.in contrast to other papionin monkeys, hamadryas baboons are characterized by female-biased dispersal. given that hamadryas females do not disperse voluntarily, one mechanism for female transfer between bands is thought to be abductions during aggressive intergroup conflict. to date, however, no successful abductions have been witnessed. we describe three abduction events at the filoha field site in ethiopia, two interband and one intraband, in which the abductors successfully separated a female ...201121359653
synthesis and in vivo evaluation of [18f]n-(2-benzofuranylmethyl)-n'-[4-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzyl]piperazine, a novel σ1 receptor pet imaging agent.n-(2-benzofuranylmethyl)-n'-[4-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzyl]piperazine (6, σ(1)k(i)=2.6 nm) was radiolabeled with fluorine-18 to provide a potential σ(1) receptor radioligand for use in positron emission tomography (pet). radiofluorination of the appropriate tosylate precursor furnished [(18)f]6 with a specific activity of 45 gbq/μmol, in an average radiochemical yield of 18% and greater than 98% radiochemical purity. micropet imaging in papio hamadryas baboon brain revealed [(18)f]6 uptake consistent ...201121962578
[reconciliation in hamadryas baboons, papio hamadryas: testing the relationships quality hypothesis].post-conflict interactions between former opponents were investigated in a troop of hamadryas baboons, papio hamadryas. this species is known for it's multilevel structure with evidently expressed hierarchy between males and females. due to this fact hamadryas baboons represent an ideal object for testing the "relationship quality" hypothesis. the analyses were done on 436 pc-mc pairs of animals, which represented different social classes (harem male-female pairs, harem females, relatives, femal ...201121961312
copulation patterns in captive hamadryas baboons: a quantitative analysis.for primates, as for many other vertebrates, copulation which results in ejaculation is a prerequisite for reproduction. the probability of ejaculation is affected by various physiological and social factors, for example reproductive state of male and female and operational sex-ratio. in this paper, we present quantitative and qualitative data on patterns of sexual behaviour in a captive group of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas), a species with a polygynous-monandric mating system. we observe ...201121710159
group composition of guinea baboons (papio papio) at a water place suggests a fluid social organization.baboon social systems are among the most studied in primates. solid knowledge of the hamadryas and savannah baboon systems has accumulated, leading to a dichotomic view of baboon social systems. hamadryas baboons live in multilayered troops based on 1-male units whereas savannah baboons live in multimale multifemale groups based on a network of related females. less attention has been paid to their west african congenerics, the guinea baboons, papio papio. to fill this gap, in 2007 we initiated ...201121654901
female "dispersal" in hamadryas baboons: transfer among social units in a multilevel society.unlike most cercopithecines, hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) are characterized by female-biased dispersal. to clarify this pattern within the context of their hierarchical social system (comprising one-male units, clans, bands, and troops), we report here 7 years of data on female transfers among social units in wild hamadryas baboons in ethiopia. female tenure in one-male units (omus) ranged from 1 to 2,556 days (n = 208) and survival analysis revealed a median tenure length of 1, ...201121469076
alternative routes to the leader male role in a multi-level society: follower vs. solitary male strategies and outcomes in hamadryas baboons.the nested one-male units (omus) of the hamadryas baboon are part of a complex social system in which "leader" males achieve near exclusive mating access by forcibly herding females into permanent consortships. within this multi-level social system (troops, bands, clans and omus) are two types of prereproductive males--the follower and solitary male--whose different trajectories converge on the leader role. here we compare omu formation strategies of followers, who associate with a particular om ...201121433048
cortical sulcal areas in baboons (papio hamadryas spp.) with generalized interictal epileptic discharges on scalp eeg.brain mri studies in people with idiopathic generalized epilepsies demonstrate regional morphometric differences, though variable in magnitude and location. as the baboon provides an excellent electroclinical and neuroimaging model for photosensitive generalized epilepsy in humans, this study evaluated mri volumetric and morphometric differences between baboons with interictal epileptic discharges (ieds) on scalp eeg and baboons with normal eeg studies. seventy-seven baboons underwent high-resol ...201121256716
tracking development of the corpus callosum in fetal and early postnatal baboons using magnetic resonance imaging.although the maturation of the corpus callosum (cc) can serve as a sensitive marker for normative antenatal and postnatal brain development, little is known about its development across this critical period. while high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging can provide an opportunity to examine normative brain development in humans, concerns remain over the exposure of developing fetuses to non-essential imaging. nonhuman primates can provide a valuable model for normative brain maturation. baboo ...201122253660
dscr9 gene simultaneous expression in placental, testicular and renal tissues from baboon (papio hamadryas).in 2002 takamatsu and co-workers described the human dscr9 gene and observed that it was transcriptionally active in human testicular tissue, but no protein was identified as a product of this transcript. similar results were obtained in chimpanzee tissue. this gene has not been detected in species other than primates, suggesting that dscr9 is exclusively found in these mammals.201222704171
parasite transmission risk from geophagic and foraging behavior in chacma baboons.numerous behavioral and ecological factors are associated with parasite transmission. one factor explored in human research, but absent from nonhuman primate research, is parasite transmission from soil ingestion. human studies suggest geophagy, the regular and deliberate consumption of soil, increases risk of soil-transmitted helminth (sth) infection. geophagy, which is prevalent in nonhuman primates, has several positive associations: gastrointestinal distress alleviation, possible mineral sup ...201222707091
[steroid metabolism of primates. 13. isolation of cortisone, tetrahydro-cortisone, tetrahydro-cortisol and allo-tetrahydro-cortisol from the urine of macacus rhesus and papio hamadryas]. 20124624287
effect of luliberin on the secretion of the luteinizing hormone depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle in intact and castrated female papio hamadryas. 20123306445
first report on aonchotheca annulosa dujardin, 1845 (nematoda, capillariidae) in a hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas) from a zoo in northern turkey.a dead male hamadryas baboon, papio hamadryas, from a zoo in samsun in northern turkey was submitted for necropsy examination.201223066760
evolution of multilevel social systems in nonhuman primates and humans.multilevel (or modular) societies are a distinct type of primate social system whose key features are single-male-multifemale, core units nested within larger social bands. they are not equivalent to fission-fusion societies, with the latter referring to routine variability in associations, either on an individual or subunit level. the purpose of this review is to characterize and operationalize multilevel societies and to outline their putative evolutionary origins. multilevel societies are pre ...201223024444
peripheral oxytocin in female baboons relates to estrous state and maintenance of sexual consortships.the neuro-hypophysial hormone oxytocin (ot) has been implicated in female reproductive and maternal behaviors and in the formation of pair bonds in monogamous species. here we measure variation in urinary ot concentrations in relation to reproductive biology and socio-sexual behavior in a promiscuously breeding species, the chacma baboon (papio hamadryas ursinus). subjects were members of a habituated group of baboons in the okavango delta, botswana. we collected behavioral data and urine sample ...201222986337
body temperature and physical activity correlates of the menstrual cycle in chacma baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus).we investigated the temporal relationship between abdominal temperature, physical activity, perineal swelling, and urinary progesterone and estradiol concentrations over the menstrual cycle in unrestrained captive baboons. using a miniature temperature-sensitive data logger surgically implanted in the abdominal cavity and an activity data logger implanted subcutaneously on the trunk, we measured, continuously over 6 months at 10-min intervals, abdominal temperature and physical activity patterns ...201222930453
pp080. blood pressure in the offspring of experimental preeclamptic and normotensive baboon pregnancies.experimental manipulation of the maternal environment in animal models has assisted with our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to fetal programming. evidence suggests that individuals who experience a suboptimal intrauterine milieu have an increased risk of developing disease later in life. preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy known to alter the fetal environment. such alterations lead to programming of the fetus for subsequent susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, includin ...201226105402
os061. placental growth factor reduces blood pressure and proteinuria in experimental preeclampsia.preeclampsia is a disorder related to an imbalance in the angiogenesis axis manifesting as endothelial dysfunction. animal and human studies have shown that sflt-1 (soluble fms like tyrosine kinase 1) is increased and plgf (placental growth factor) reduced during the disease state. there are a paucity of studies investigating the clinical significance of normalising angiogenic axis.201226105275
evidence for intra-sexual selection in wild female baboons.because female reproductive success in social mammals is determined largely by parental rather than mating effort, intra-sexual competition among females has typically been assumed to occur primarily over food. recently, however, renewed attention has been paid to the importance of other sources of variation in female fitness, with a concomitant focus on a broader definition of intra-sexual selection that encompasses both competition for resources and competition for mates and social partners. w ...201225558080
fossil papio cranium from !ncumtsa (koanaka) hills, western ngamiland, botswana.three fossils, a cranium of papio, a cercopithecid frontal bone, and a mandible of juvenile papio, have been recovered from cave deposits in the !ncumtsa (koanaka) hills of western ngamiland, botswana. these specimens are significant because well-preserved crania of papio are extremely rare in the fossil record outside of south africa and because this is the first report of fossil primate cranial remains from botswana. thermoluminescence dating of surrounding cave matrix indicates an age of ≥317 ...201222639236
ecology and sociality in a multilevel society: ecological determinants of spatial cohesion in hamadryas baboons.the multilevel society of hamadryas baboons, consisting of troops, bands, clans, and one-male units (omus), is commonly perceived to be an effective means of adapting to variable food availability while allowing spatial cohesion in response to predator pressure. the relationship between these variables, however, has never been tested quantitatively. the filoha site in awash national park, ethiopia is ideally suited to such an investigation as it contains nutrient-dense palm forests in addition t ...201222552956
evaluating home range techniques: use of global positioning system (gps) collar data from chacma baboons.global positioning system (gps) collars have revolutionized the field of spatial ecology, but to date, few primate studies have used them. we fitted a free-ranging, semi-habituated, juvenile male chacma baboon (papio hamadryas ursinus) with an automatic self-releasing gps collar and tracked his movements for 359 days. the collar captured 4254 fixes out of 5719 programmed opportunities, a 74.4 % acquisition rate, suggesting that the collar effectively tracked this baboon in a variety of habitat t ...201222476515
behavioural processes in social context: female abductions, male herding and female grooming in hamadryas baboons.the formation of bonds between strangers is an event that occurs routinely in many social animals, including humans, and, as social bonds in general, they affect the individuals' welfare and biological fitness. the present study was motivated by an interest in the behavioural processes that drive bond formation in a social context of hostility, in which the incumbent partners vary greatly in physical power and reproductive interests, a situation in which individuals of many group-living species ...201222391051
haemodynamics using transthoracic echocardiography in healthy pregnant and non-pregnant baboons (papio hamadryas).to determine systolic and diastolic function using transthoracic echocardiography in the baboon (papio hamadryas).201222272984
tissue factor/factor viia pathway mediates coagulation activation in induced-heat stroke in the baboon.excessive activation of coagulation, which can culminate in overt disseminated intravascular coagulation, is a prominent feature of heat stroke. however, neither the mechanism that initiates the coagulation activation nor its pathogenic role is known. we examined whether the tissue factor/factor viia complex initiates the coagulation activation in heat stroke and, if so, whether upstream inhibition of coagulation activation through its neutralization may minimize cellular injury and organ dysfun ...201222080642
vertical ridge augmentation using an equine bone and collagen block infused with recombinant human platelet derived growth factor-bb (rhpdgf-bb): a randomized single-blind histologic study in non-human primates.background: this study tested the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite and collagen bone blocks of equine origin (ehac), infused with recombinant platelet derived growth factor-bb (rhpdgf-bb), to augment localized posterior mandibular defects in non-human primates (papio hamadryas). methods: bilateral critical-size defects simulating severe atrophy were created at the time of the posterior teeth removal. test and control blocks (without growth factor) were randomly grafted into the respective sites ...201222220770
possible aspects of using cultured stem cell of laboratory primates in experimental medicine.we describe the methods of isolation and culturing of mesenchymal stem cells from 3 monkey species macaca mulatta, papio hamadryas, and macaca fascicularis. flow cytofluorometry showed that the cells do not express cd34, cd45, and hla-dr, but most of them (78-98%) express cd90 marker. the cardioprotective effects of cultured mesenchymal stem cells in cardiomyopathy induced by administration of antitumor anthracycline drugs (doxorubicin).201223330109
stability of partner choice among female baboons.in a wide range of taxa, including baboons, close social bonds seem to help animals cope with stress and enhance long-term reproductive success and longevity. current evidence suggests that female baboons may benefit from establishing and maintaining highly individuated relationships with a relatively small number of partners. here, we extend previous work on the stability of female baboons' social relationships in three different ways. first, we assess the stability of females' social relations ...201223885128
group housing of hamadryas baboons: a new cage design based upon field studies of social organization.the hamadryas subspecies, which is utilized extensively for laboratory research, has a social structure unique among baboons. field studies have shown that small one male units are the basic grouping in a complex multi-level social system. a housing design for a research colony of hamadryas baboons was conceived to reflect this unique social organization and related behavioral patterns. the outcome of combining such ethological considerations with practical dictates for housing large laboratory ...20133586614
[redirection and consolation in hamadryas baboons].post-conflict interactions between victims and non-involved group members was investigated in the troop of hamadryas baboons, papio hamadryas. observations were done in the russian primate center, adler in 1996-1997. redirected aggression, initiation of affiliation from the side of victims towards third parties and consolation were registered during this study. the analyses was done on 445 pc-mc pairs of animals, represented different social classes (harem male-female pairs, harem females, relat ...201324459878
a newly-found pattern of social relationships among adults within one-male units of golden snub-nosed monkeys (rhinopithecus roxenalla) in the qinling mountains, china.group living provides various advantages to individuals in regards to protection avoidance, intergroup competition, productive success and social information. stable one-male units (omus) consist of relationships between the adult females and the resident male as well as the relationships among adult females. based on continuous observation of a reproductive group of golden snub-nosed monkeys (rhinopithecus roxellana) in the qinling mountains, we analyzed the relationships among adult individual ...201324344964
first records of talon cusps on baboon maxillary incisors argue for standardizing terminology and prompt a hypothesis of their formation.dental characters can provide vital clues for understanding intra- and intertaxonomic morphological variation and its underlying genetic and environmental components. however, the unambiguous identification of particular traits and their comparative study is often confounded by lack of consistent terminology in the relevant literature. this difficulty is exacerbated when the etiologies are not completely understood, as is the case with talon cusps. to date, research on talon cusps has focused on ...201324173685
biogeographic variation in the baboon: dissecting the cline.all species demonstrate intraspecific anatomical variation. while generalisations such as bergman's and allen's rules have attempted to explain the geographic structuring of variation with some success, recent work has demonstrated limited support for these in certain old world monkeys. this study extends this research to the baboon: a species that is widely distributed across sub-saharan africa and exhibits clinal variation across an environmentally disparate range. this study uses trend surfac ...201324028342
ontogenetic scaling of fore- and hind limb posture in wild chacma baboons (papio hamadryas ursinus).large-scale interspecific studies of mammals ranging between 0.04-280 kg have shown that larger animals walk with more extended limb joints. within a taxon or clade, however, the relationship between body size and joint posture is less straightforward. factors that may affect the lack of congruence between broad and narrow phylogenetic analyses of limb kinematics include limited sampling of (1) ranges of body size, and/or (2) numbers of individuals. unfortunately, both issues are inherent in lab ...201323923046
30 days in the life: daily nutrient balancing in a wild chacma baboon.for most animals, the ability to regulate intake of specific nutrients is vital to fitness. recent studies have demonstrated nutrient regulation in nonhuman primates over periods of one observation day, though studies of humans indicate that such regulation extends to longer time frames. little is known about longer-term regulation in nonhuman primates, however, due to the challenges of multiple-day focal follows. here we present the first detailed study of nutrient intake across multiple days i ...201323894645
[comparative pathology of papio hamadryas]. 20133705718
[hormonal activity of the hypophysis-gonadal system in male hamadryas baboons in relationship to their hierarchical position].hierarchic status-dependent hormonal activity of pituitary-gonadal system was studied in an isolated group of hamadryas baboons. testosterone level was higher in dominating males. the level of sex hormone was higher in aged animals with great muscle mass. no correlation was observed between hierarchic status of hamadryas baboon males and the blood level of luteinizing hormone.20133955222
natural infection of baboons by entamoeba histolytica elicits anti- gal-lectin heavy subunit iga and igg antibodies with shared epitope specificity to that of humans.non-human primates, such as baboons (papio hamadryas anubis), are natural hosts for entamoeba species; infections can be asymptomatic or result in invasive lethal disease. it was sought to determine whether following natural infection by entamoeba. histolytica, baboon anti-amebic antibodies recognized native gallectin, a recombinant portion of the lectin heavy subunit (designated lc3) and specific heavy subunit epitopes; we compared the specificity of anti-amebic antibodies from baboons to that ...201324640872
novel genital alphapapillomaviruses in baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) with cervical dysplasia.genital alphapapillomavirus (αpv) infections are one of the most common sexually transmitted human infections worldwide. women infected with the highly oncogenic genital human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 are at high risk for development of cervical cancer. related oncogenic αpvs exist in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. here the authors identified 3 novel genital αpv types (phpv1, phpv2, phpv3) by pcr in cervical samples from 6 of 15 (40%) wild-caught female kenyan olive baboons (papio h ...201322446324
naturally acquired picornavirus infections in primates at the dhaka zoo.the conditions in densely populated bangladesh favor picornavirus transmission, resulting in a high rate of infection in the human population. data suggest that nonhuman primates (nhp) may play a role in the maintenance and transmission of diverse picornaviruses in bangladesh. at the dhaka zoo, multiple nhp species are caged in close proximity. their proximity to other species and to humans, both zoo workers and visitors, provides the potential for cross-species transmission. to investigate poss ...201323097447
expression patterns of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (kir) of nk-cell and t-cell subsets in old world monkeys.the expression of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (kir) on lymphocytes of rhesus macaques and other old world monkeys was unknown so far. we used our recently established monoclonal anti-rhesus macaque kir antibodies in multicolour flow cytometry for phenotypic characterization of kir protein expression on natural killer (nk) cells and t cell subsets of rhesus macaques, cynomolgus macaques, hamadryas baboons, and african green monkeys. similar to human kir, we found clonal expression p ...201323717676
transesophageal echocardiography in healthy young adult male baboons (papio hamadryas anubis): normal cardiac anatomy and function in subhuman primates compared to humans.implantable, viable tissue engineered cardiovascular constructs are rapidly approaching clinical translation. species typically utilized as preclinical large animal models are food stock ungulates for which cross species biological and genomic differences with humans are great. multiple authorities have recommended developing subhuman primate models for testing regenerative surgical strategies to mitigate xenotransplant inflammation. however, there is a lack of specific quantitative cardiac imag ...201324707162
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation elicits rate-dependent brain network responses in non-human primates.transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms) has the potential to treat brain disorders by tonically modulating firing patterns in disease-specific neural circuits. the selection of treatment parameters for clinical repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) trials has not been rule based, likely contributing to the variability of observed outcomes.201323540281
evaluation of reproduction and raising offspring in a nursery-reared spf baboon (papio hamadryas anubis) colony.baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) of a conventional breeding colony were nursery-reared to create a specific pathogen-free (spf) baboon-breeding program. because the founding generations were nursery-reared until 2 years of age, it was suspected that the spf baboons would exhibit increased reproductive challenges as adults. mothering behavior was of interest, because spf females were not exposed to parental role models during the nursery-rearing process. we compared reproductive data from the spf ...201323440922
feasibility of lng-ius in a baboon model.the baboon (papio hamadryas anubis) is an attractive model for intrauterine contraception research due to anatomic similarity to the human. although non-human primates have previously been used for intrauterine contraception research, it was unknown whether modern intrauterine devices (iuds) can be placed in an anatomically similar position in the baboon. this study sought to determine whether human-use iuds could be seated correctly in the uterus of the baboon.201323114737
baboons, water, and the ecology of oxygen stable isotopes in an arid hybrid zone.baboons regularly drink surface waters derived from atmospheric precipitation, or meteoric water. as a result, the oxygen isotope (δ(18)o) composition of their tissues is expected to reflect that of local meteoric waters. animal proxies of the oxygen isotope composition of meteoric water have practical applications as paleoenvironmental recorders because they can be used to infer aridity and temperature in historic and fossil systems. to explore this premise, we measured the δ(18)o values of hai ...201322902370
[peculiarities of the adrenal cortex in response to repeated stress in papio hamadryas hamadryls during different phases of the sexual cycle]. 20137257668
[plasma androgen levels in papio hamadryas pavian hamadrils at different periods of postnatal development].using radioimmunological assay, it has been demonstrated that at the age of 0.5, 1 and 2 years sexual differences are absent in the concentration of testosteron, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosteron, dehydroepiandrosteron and delta 4-androstendion in the blood plasma. the level of testosteron in sexually immature animals does not differ from that in adult females. in sexually mature baboons, testosteron content was found to be more than 20 times higher. the activity of 5 alpha-reductase, checked by the ra ...2013157660
[hormonal reaction of steroid-producing glands of female papio to long-term hypokinesia].the endocrine function of steroid-producing glands of hamadryas baboon females exposed to 28-day clinostatic hypokinesia at different stages of the menstrual cycle was investigated. the adrenocortical response to hypokinesia developed in two phases: early stimulation was followed by inhibition of the adrenocortical activity which persisted during the subsequent period of hypokinesia and two weeks after exposure. the degree and duration of the activation effect of hypokinesia were determined by t ...20132366502
[qualitative composition of adrenal cortex hormones in papio hamadryas and macacus rhesus and its change in repeated cortisone administration]. 20134962855
age- and gender-associated changes in the concentrations of serum tgf-1β, dhea-s and igf-1 in healthy captive baboons (papio hamadryas anubis).age-related changes in the concentration of factors like tgf-1β, dhea-s and igf-1 may increase the risk of disease and illnesses in advanced life. a better understanding of these changes would aid in the development of more appropriate treatments and/or preventative care for many conditions associated with age. due to their similar immune system and vulnerability to pathogens, baboons are an ideal model for humans. however, little research has been done examining the general effects of age in ba ...201424161750
the ontogeny of talo-crural appositional articular morphology among catarrhine taxa: adult shape reflects substrate use.the upper ankle joint forms a single articular plane between organism and the foot and substrate. singular warp analysis shows that its shape reflects substrate use. this study explores whether the differences in shape are genetic with a developmental trajectory evident during ontogeny or epigenetic and the result of substrate use by the individual. a total of 418 matched distal tibial and proximal talar landmarked surfaces from adult and subadult specimens from 12 diverse catarrhine taxa were s ...201424842582
spatial relationship between the mental foramen and mandibular developing teeth in modern humans, chimpanzees, and hamadryas baboons.the mental foramen (mf) of adult human mandibles is characterized by its high position and posterosuperior opening orientation, compared with that of nonhuman primates. in this study, to examine when and how such interspecies variations in mf position/orientation are manifested in the context of dental development, positional relationships between the mf and nearby forming teeth (dc, dm1, c, p3) were assessed using ct-scanned growth-series mandibles of the following three species with various mf ...201424913892
analysis of prostate-specific antigen transcripts in chimpanzees, cynomolgus monkeys, baboons, and african green monkeys.the function of prostate-specific antigen (psa) is to liquefy the semen coagulum so that the released sperm can fuse with the ovum. fifteen spliced variants of the psa gene have been reported in humans, but little is known about alternative splicing in nonhuman primates. positive selection has been reported in sex- and reproductive-related genes from sea urchins to drosophila to humans; however, there are few studies of adaptive evolution of the psa gene. here, using polymerase chain reaction (p ...201424732672
body composition and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in captive baboons (papio hamadryas sp.): sexual dimorphism.baboons (papio hamadryas sp.) exhibit significant sexual dimorphism in body size. sexual dimorphism is also exhibited in a number of circulating factors associated with risk of cardiometabolic disease. we investigated whether sexual dimorphism in body size and composition underlie these differences. we examined data from 28 male and 24 female outdoor group-housed young adult baboons enrolled in a longitudinal observational study of cardiometabolic disease risk factors. animals were sedated with ...201424318937
fecal microbial diversity and putative function in captive western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla), common chimpanzees (pan troglodytes), hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) and binturongs (arctictis binturong).microbial populations in the gastrointestinal tract contribute to host health and nutrition. although gut microbial ecology is well studied in livestock and domestic animals, little is known of the endogenous populations inhabiting primates or carnivora. we characterized microbial populations in fecal cultures from gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla), common chimpanzees (pan troglodytes), hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) and binturongs (arctictis binturong) to compare the microbiomes associate ...201425236539
identification of a derived dental trait in the papionini relative to other old world monkeys.variation in the shape of teeth provides an immense amount of information about the evolutionary history and adaptive strategy of a mammalian lineage. here, we explore variation in the expression of a purported molar lingual remnant (the interconulus) across the old world monkeys (primates: cercopithecidae) with the aim of elucidating a component of the adaptive radiation of this family. this radiation is characterized by a wide geographic range (asia and africa) as well as diverse dietary niche ...201425100299
isolation and characterization of faecal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli isolated from dogs and primates.although bifidobacteria and lactobacilli have been suggested beneficial for the host and are components of many probiotics and competitive exclusion mixtures, the knowledge on abundance, metabolic and probiotic characteristics in isolates from dogs and monkeys is still limited. the present study was aimed to isolate bifidobacterium and lactobacillus strains (faeces of 22 dogs and of 5 primates: cebus apella, eulemur fulvus, erythrocebus patas, macaca fascicularis, papio hamadryas) with the maldi ...201424239978
correlation between presence of trypanosoma cruzi dna in heart tissue of baboons and cynomolgus monkeys, and lymphocytic myocarditis.trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas' disease, preferentially infects cardiac and digestive tissues. baboons living in texas (papio hamadryas) and cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) have been reported to be infected naturally with t. cruzi. in this study, we retrospectively reviewed cases of animals that were diagnosed with lymphocytic myocarditis and used a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method (s36/s35 primer set) to amplify t. cruzi dna from archived frozen and formal ...201424567317
gc subtypes identified by isoelectric focusing in baboons (papio hamadryas).phenotyping for gc variants by conventional electrophoresis in 835 papio hamadryas baboons demonstrated a monomorphic population. gc subtyping by polyacrylamide ief gels, ph 4-6, on 394 of these baboons revealed the existence of two common alleles which we named gc1papio and gc2papio. pedigree data confirmed the inheritance of a single locus, two allele system and the observed gene frequencies were 0.593 for gc1papio and 0.407 for gc2papio.20144038495
[steroid metabolism in primates. v. isolation of dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and adrenosterone from adrenal venous blood of macacus rhesus, papio hamadryas, cercopithecus aethiops and erythrocebus patas]. 20144243440
recurrent patterning in the daily foraging routes of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas): spatial memory in large-scale versus small-scale space.the benefits of spatial memory for foraging animals can be assessed on two distinct spatial scales: small-scale space (travel within patches) and large-scale space (travel between patches). while the patches themselves may be distributed at low density, within patches resources are likely densely distributed. we propose, therefore, that spatial memory for recalling the particular locations of previously visited feeding sites will be more advantageous during between-patch movement, where it may r ...201424038137
abnormal behavior and associated risk factors in captive baboons (papio hamadryas spp.).abnormal behavior, ranging from motor stereotypies to self-injurious behavior, has been documented in captive nonhuman primates, with risk factors including nursery rearing, single housing, and veterinary procedures. much of this research has focused on macaque monkeys; less is known about the extent of and risk factors for abnormal behavior in baboons. because abnormal behavior can be indicative of poor welfare, either past or present, the purpose of this study was to survey the presence of abn ...201424323406
male tolerance and male-male bonds in a multilevel primate society.male relationships in most species of mammals generally are characterized by intense intrasexual competition, with little bonding among unrelated individuals. in contrast, human societies are characterized by high levels of cooperation and strong bonds among both related and unrelated males. the emergence of cooperative male-male relationships has been linked to the multilevel structure of traditional human societies. based on an analysis of the patterns of spatial and social interaction in comb ...201425201960
evaluation of a new method of fossil retrodeformation by algorithmic symmetrization: crania of papionins (primates, cercopithecidae) as a test case.diagenetic distortion can be a major obstacle to collecting quantitative shape data on paleontological specimens, especially for three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis. here we utilize the recently-published algorithmic symmetrization method of fossil reconstruction and compare it to the more traditional reflection & averaging approach. in order to have an objective test of this method, five casts of a female cranium of papio hamadryas kindae were manually deformed while the plaster h ...201424992483
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