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an overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome system that generates vectorless progeny for channel catfish herpesvirus.herpesviruses are important pathogens of humans and other animals. herpesvirus infectious clones that can reconstitute phenotypically wild-type (wt) virus are extremely valuable tools for elucidating the roles of specific genes in virus pathophysiology as well as for making vaccines. ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (channel catfish herpesvirus [ccv]) is economically very important and is the best characterized of the herpesviruses that occur primarily in bony fish and amphibians. here, we describe the c ...200818234790
comparison of the hemagglutination of formalinized american channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) erythrocytes between formalinized and live aeromonas hydrophila isolated from the catfish rearing in kasumigaura lake in japan.formalinized aeromonas (a.) hydrophila agglutinated loosely with the formalinized american channel catfish erythrocytes (facce), while live a. hydrophila agglutinated tightly with the facce. there was a significant difference on the number of attaching bacterial cells to the facce (p<0.01) (n=40 erythrocytes) between formalinized and live a. hydrophila. the other bacteria such as salmonella (s.) typhimurium st-5, escherichia (e.) coli v-517 and staphylococcus (s.) hyicus atcc1249 used in this ex ...200818250583
complete structure, genomic organization, and expression of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus, rafinesque 1818) matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene.in this study, the channel catfish (cc) matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) gene was cloned, sequenced, and characterized at both the cdna and the genomic dna levels. the complete sequence of the cc mmp-9 cdna consisted of 2,551 nucleotides, including one open reading frame and 5'- and 3'-end untranslated regions. the open reading frame potentially encoded a 686-amino-acid peptide with a calculated molecular mass (without glycosylation) of approximately 77.4 kda, which included a signal peptide a ...200818323659
morphology and 18s rdna of henneguya gurlei (myxosporea) from ameiurus nebulosus (siluriformes) in north carolina.henneguya gurlei was isolated from ameiurus nebulosus captured in north carolina and redescribed using critical morphological features and 18s small-subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rdna) gene sequence. plasmodia are white, spherical, or subspherical, occur in clusters, measure up to 1.8 mm in length, and are located on the dorsal, pectoral, and anal fins. histologically, plasmodia are located in the dermis and subdermally, and the larger cysts disrupt the melanocyte pigment layer. the spore body is l ...200818372621
channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, cyclophilin a and b cdna characterization and expression analysis.the preliminary observation of up-regulation of cyclophilin transcripts during edwardsiella ictaluri infection prompted us to speculate on the potential importance of cyclophilins in the early stage of infection. to provide a framework for answering these questions, two cyclophilin cdna of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, were identified, sequenced and characterized. the complete nucleotide sequences of cyclophilin a and cyclophilin b cdna consisted of 1170 and 996 bases, respectively. anal ...200818001845
genetic and virulence characterization of flavobacterium columnare from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).to develop a method for conducting pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) on flavobacterium columnare, to use pfge to characterize f. columnare channel catfish isolates, and to determine whether variation in pathogenic potential exists in f. columnare isolates from channel catfish.200818005349
differences in mortality, growth, lysozyme, and toll-like receptor gene expression among genetic groups of catfish exposed to virulent edwardsiella ictaluri.survivorship to esc (enteric septicemia of catfish) varies among and within strains of commercially raised catfish, however the immunological basis for differences in susceptibility is not well-understood. we assessed the effect of pathogen challenge with edwardsiella ictaluri on five genetic groups of catfish by measuring both phenotypic response (mortality, pathogen levels, specific growth rate), and three measures of immune response, including lysozyme activity and mrna expression of two toll ...200818023209
cutaneous antibody-secreting cells and b cells in a teleost fish.antibodies in cutaneous mucus and skin of teleosts play a critical role in the protective immune response against infection. we demonstrate by elispot that antibody-secreting cells (asc), which include lps-inducible b cells (plasmablasts) and non-replicating plasma cells, reside in low numbers in the skin of channel catfish. following immunization against the protozoan parasite ichthyophthirius multifiliis, which infects skin and gills, the number of asc in skin increased 20-fold, indicating tha ...200818045689
mercury in sport fish from the sacramento-san joaquin delta region, california, usa.total mercury (hg) concentrations were determined in fillet tissue of sport fish captured in the sacramento-san joaquin river delta and surrounding tributaries, a region particularly impacted by historic gold and mercury mining activity. in 1999 and 2000, mercury concentrations were measured in 767 samples from ten fish species. largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides), the primary target species, exhibited a median hg concentration of 0.53 mug g(-1) (n=406). only 23 largemouth bass (6%) were bel ...200818063015
the two channel catfish intelectin genes exhibit highly differential patterns of tissue expression and regulation after infection with edwardsiella ictaluri.intelectins (intl) are ca(2+)-dependent secretory glycoproteins that play a role in the innate immune response. the mammalian intl is also known as lactoferrin receptor (lfr) that is involved in iron metabolism. the objective of this study was to characterize the intelectin genes in both channel catfish and blue catfish, to determine their genomic organization and copy numbers, to determine their patterns of tissue expression, and to establish if they are involved in defense responses of catfish ...200818078992
differential susceptibility of blue catfish, ictalurus furcatus (valenciennes), channel catfish, i. punctatus (rafinesque), and blue x channel catfish hybrids to channel catfish virus. 200818086038
effects of variable periods of food deprivation on the development of enteric septicemia in channel catfish.enteric septicemia of catfish (esc), caused by the bacterium edwardsiella ictaluri, is the most significant bacterial disease affecting channel catfish ictalurus punctatus. withholding feed during outbreaks of esc is a widely accepted industry practice used to control losses from the disease. scientific evidence concerning the validity of the practice is contradictory. two studies were conducted to further evaluate the survival of channel catfish fingerlings following variable periods of feed de ...200818536501
streptococcus ictaluri arthritis, osteolysis, myositis, and spinal meningitis in channel catfish broodstock.this report details findings of an investigation into complaints by commercial fingerling producers of low-grade mortalities, poor reproductive success, emaciation, skin lesions, and severely arched backs among broodstock of channel catfish ictalurus punctatus. gross lesions involved the jaw, fin bases, and vertebral column. jaw and fin lesions consisted of small hemorrhagic ulcers and exudate-filled tracts that communicated with underlying joints and destroyed their articular surfaces. spinal c ...200818536503
antimicrobial peptides derived from hemoglobin are expressed in epithelium of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus, rafinesque).the beta-chain of the respiratory protein hemoglobin (hbbeta), has recently been identified in novel sites, including mammalian macrophages and alveolar epithelium, as well as in gill microsomes of fish. however, the functional significance of extra-erythrocytically expressed hemoglobin has been unclear. here we show inducible expression and upregulation of antimicrobial peptides (amps) homologous to hbbeta in the gill epithelium of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) in response to parasitic ...200818538841
stability of reference genes for real-time pcr analyses in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) tissues under varying physiological conditions.real-time pcr is a highly sensitive, relatively easy to perform assay for quantifying mrna abundance. however, there are several complexities built into the assay that can affect data interpretation. most notably, the selection of an appropriate internal control for normalization is essential for expression data interpretation. in this study we investigated the suitability of seven commonly used genes [18s ribosomal rna (18s), alpha tubulin (tuba), beta actin (actb), beta-2 microglobulin (b2m), ...200818692590
evaluation of the renal effects of experimental feeding of melamine and cyanuric acid to fish and pigs.to determine whether renal crystals can be experimentally induced in animals fed melamine or the related triazine compound cyanuric acid, separately or in combination, and to compare experimentally induced crystals with those from a cat with triazine-related renal failure.200818764697
flavobacterium columnare chemotaxis to channel catfish mucus.flavobacterium columnare is a gram-negative pathogen of many species of wild and cultured fish. isolates from diseased channel catfish belong to either genomovar i or ii. genomovar ii isolates were found to be more virulent than genomovar i isolates. the objective of the present study was to determine whether differences exist in the chemotactic response of these genomovars to mucus obtained from the skin, gills and intestines of healthy channel catfish using the capillary chemotaxis assay. mucu ...200818801048
molecular cloning, sequencing and characterization of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus, rafinesque 1818) cathepsin s gene.cathepsin s is a lysosomal cysteine endopeptidase of the papain family. our preliminary results showed the up-regulation of cathepsin s (ctss) transcript during the early stage of edwardsiella ictaluri infection, leading us to speculate that ctss may play a role in infection. in this report, we identified, sequenced and characterized the channel catfish ctss cdna. total rna from tissues was isolated and cdna libraries were constructed by the rapid amplification cdna end (race) method. the gene-s ...200818817983
detection of salmonellae from fish in a natural river system.sediment, water, and fish gut samples taken at three sites near the headwaters of the san marcos river, texas, were analyzed for salmonellae salmonella spp. by culture and molecular techniques. while enrichment cultures from sediment and water samples from the two uppermost sites were negative for salmonellae in polymerase chain reaction analyses, both sediment and water samples were positive at the downstream site. at all sites, salmonellae were present in the guts of different fishes (e.g., la ...200818942591
identification and characterization of bacteriophages specific to the catfish pathogen, edwardsiella ictaluri.to identify and characterize bacteriophages specific for edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent for enteric septicemia of catfish (esc).200819120659
flavobacterium columnare genomovar influences mortality in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).flavobacterium columnare, causal agent of columnaris disease, is pathogenic to many species of freshwater fish throughout the world. the united states channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture industry is severely impacted by columnaris disease. the majority of the f. columnare isolates recovered from diseased channel catfish belonged to either genomovars i or ii. the objective of the present study was to determine if differences existed in the ability of these genomovars to induce morta ...200817964085
microarray analysis of gene expression in the blue catfish liver reveals early activation of the mhc class i pathway after infection with edwardsiella ictaluri.the acute nature of disease outbreaks in aquaculture settings has served to emphasize the importance of the innate immune response of fish for survival and led to the recent identification and characterization of many of its components. catfish, the predominant aquaculture species in the united states, is an important model for the study of the teleost immune system. however, transcriptomic-level studies of disease-related gene expression in catfish have only recently been initiated, and underst ...200817599411
comparative evaluation of the cytotoxicity sensitivity of six fish cell lines to four heavy metals in vitro.to establish the potential use of cell cultures as a simple and sensitive biological tool to detect environmental pollutants, six cell lines established from several fish species including gcf (grass carp fins), cik (ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney), epc (epithelioma papulosum cyprini), cco (channel catfish ovary), bb (brown bullhead caudal trunk) and fhm (fathead minnow muscle) were tested and compared for their cytotoxic sensitivity to four heavy metals: cadmium (cd), chromium (cr), zinc (zn), ...200817931828
molecular characterization of complement factor i reveals constitutive expression in channel catfish.the complement system in vertebrates plays a crucial role in immune defense via recognition and removal of pathogens. complement is tightly regulated by a group of both soluble and cell-associated proteins. complement factor i is a soluble serine protease that regulates multiple pathways in complement activation. in this work, a complement factor i transcript was isolated and sequenced from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) liver after screening expressed sequence tags. the full-length cdna ...200919540919
molecular cloning and characterization analysis of immunoglobulin m heavy chain gene in european eel (anguilla anguilla).in this study, the immunoglobulin m heavy chain gene of european eel (anguilla anguilla) was cloned and analyzed. the full-length cdna of the igm heavy chain gene (genbank accession no. ef062515) has 2089 nucleotides encoding a putative protein of 581 amino acids. the igm heavy chain was composed of leader peptide (l), variable domain (vh), ch1, ch2, hinge, ch3, ch4, and c-terminus and two novel continuous putative n-glycosylation sites were found close to the second cysteine of ch3 in a. anguil ...200919013650
experimental bolbophorus damnificus (digenea: bolbophoridae) infections in piscivorous birds.in order to determine potential definitive hosts of the digenetic trematode, bolbophorus damnificus, two american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos), two double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus), two great blue herons (ardea herodias), and two great egrets (ardea alba) were captured, treated with praziquantel, and fed channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) infected with b. damnificus metacercariae. patent infections of b. damnificus, which developed in both american white pelican ...200919617478
evolution of gustatory reflex systems in the brainstems of fishes.the great number of species of teleosts permits highly specialized forms to evolve to occupy particular niches. this diversity allows for extreme variations in brain structure according to particular sensory or motor adaptations. in the case of the taste system, goldfish (carassius auratus l., 1758) and some carps have evolved a specialized intraoral food-sorting apparatus along with corresponding specializations of gustatory centers in the brainstem. a comparison of circuitry within the complex ...200920160963
serotonergic synapses modulate generation of spikes from retinal ganglion cells of teleosts.serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht)] is a common neurotransmitter/neuromodulator found widely in the nervous system. cellular morphology and retinal distribution of serotonergic amacrine cells in the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) retina are identified using monoclonal anti-5ht antibody. these cells receive ribbon synapses from off-center (hyperpolarizing) bipolar cells as well as conventional synapses with other non-serotonergic amacrine cells. output synapses from the serotonergic cel ...200919938208
sphaerospora ictaluri n. sp. (myxosporea: sphaerosphoridae) observed in the kidney of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus rafinesque.sphaerospores were found in the kidneys of alevin channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) from a farm in central california. multicellular developmental stages, similar to c-blood protozoans described for sphaerospora spp. from cyprinid fishes, were observed in circulating blood and numerous tissues. upon a 2nd examination of the same population of fish 10 days later, sporogonic stages were seen developing into mature sphaerospores in the lumina of the kidney tubules. sporogenesis was asynchronous ...20092319486
in vitro kinetics of hepatic albendazole sulfoxidation in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), tilapia (oreochromis sp.), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and induction of erod activity in abz-dosed channel catfish.liver microsomes from market-size (n = 6) rainbow trout, channel catfish and tilapia were used to investigate in vitro biotransformation kinetics of albendazole (abz). abz was transformed to a single metabolite, abz sulfoxide (abz-so). catfish displayed the highest maximal velocity (v(max) = 264.0 +/- 58.6 pmols abz-so/min/mg protein) followed by tilapia (112.3 +/- 8.2) and rainbow trout (73.3 +/- 10.3). v(max) in catfish was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the other two species. michael ...200919754908
identification of igsigma and iglambda in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, and iglambda in atlantic cod, gadus morhua.immunoglobulin light (igl) chain genes encoding sigma and lambda from channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, and lambda from atlantic cod, gadus morhua, were identified by mining of expressed sequence tag databases, 5'-race and rt-pcr protocols. cdnas for each of these igl chains encode typical variable (v), joining (j), and constant (c) regions and southern blot analyses and genomic sequencing show that genes encoding these isotypes, like other teleost igl genes, are found in a cluster organizat ...200919333591
channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus rafinesque 1818, tetraspanin membrane protein family: characterization and expression analysis of cd81 cdna.cd81, also known as the target of an antiproliferative antibody 1 (tapa-1) in human, is a member of tetraspanin integral membrane protein family. this protein plays many important roles in immune and other physiological functions. in this report, we characterized and analyzed expression of the channel catfish cd81 transcript. the full-length of channel catfish cd81 cdna comprised of 1130 nucleotides, including an open reading frame which appears to encode a putative peptide of 234 amino acid res ...200919131118
development of a culture independent method to characterize the chemotactic response of flavobacterium columnare to fish mucus.flavobacterium columnare, the causative agent of columnaris disease, is a significant pathogen of many freshwater fish species worldwide and is considered one of the most important pathogens impacting the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus rafinesque) industry in the united states. recent research has demonstrated that f. columnare exhibits a chemotactic response to mucus from the skin of catfish and this response may be important for pathogenesis. in this study, a culture independent method w ...200919166883
kinetics of hepatic phase i and ii biotransformation reactions in eight finfish species.hepatic microsomes and cytosols of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), atlantic salmon (salmo salar), red tilapia (oreochromis sp.), largemouth bass (micropterussalmoides), striped bass (morone saxatilis), hybrid striped bass (m. saxatilis x m. crysops), and bluegill (lepomis macrochuris) (n=8) were used to study the kinetics of phase i (ecod, erod, prod, brod) and phase ii (udp-glucuronosyltransferase (udpgt)-, sulfotransferase (st)- and glutathione-s-tra ...200919201019
high-throughput bioluminescence-based mutant screening strategy for identification of bacterial virulence genes.a high-throughput bioluminescence screening procedure for identification of virulence genes in bacteria was developed and applied to the fish pathogen edwardsiella ictaluri. a random transposon mutant library expressing bioluminescence was constructed and robotically arrayed on 384-well plates. mutants were cultivated and mixed with catfish serum and neutrophils in 96-well plates, and bioluminescence was used to detect mutants that are more susceptible to killing by these host factors. the virul ...200919201969
in vitro and in vivo interaction of macrophages from vaccinated and non-vaccinated channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) to edwardsiella ictaluri.macrophages from catfish vaccinated with an edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine and macrophages from non-vaccinated catfish were used in in vitro and in vivo studies with red-fluorescent e. ictaluri to assess phagocytic ability, reactive oxygen and nitric oxide production and bactericidal activity. in the in vitro experiment, macrophages were harvested from vaccinated and non-vaccinated fish and then exposed to red-fluorescent e. ictaluri. results of this study showed that e. ictaluri can survive and ...200919233291
proteome analysis of edwardsiella ictaluri.edwardsiella ictaluri is a facultative intracellular gram-negative bacterium causing enteric septicemia of catfish (esc), the most prevalent disease affecting farm-raised channel catfish in the united states. despite its economic importance, studies addressing high-throughput proteomics were not possible because of lack of comprehensive protein database. here, we report the first high-throughput proteomics analysis of e. ictaluri using 2-d lc esi ms/ms and 2-de maldi tof/tof ms. proteins identif ...200919253294
evaluation of potassium permanganate against an experimental subacute infection of flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque).an experiment was performed to evaluate the efficacy of potassium permanganate (kmno4) as a prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of an experimental subacute infection of flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. fish were cutaneously abraded and divided into five treatment groups: (i) challenged by waterborne exposure to f. columnare and not treated with kmno4 (positive control), (ii) challenged and simultaneously treated with kmno4, (iii) challenged and treated with km ...200919261046
a gateway recombination herpesvirus cloning system with negative selection that produces vectorless progeny.crossover recombination based on the lambda phage integration/excision functions enables insertion of a gene of interest into a specific locus by a simple one-step in vitro recombination reaction. recently, a highly efficient recombination system for targeted mutagenesis, which utilizes lambda phage crossover recombination cloning, has been described for a human herpesvirus 2 bacterial artificial chromosome (bac). the disadvantages of the system are that it allows only neutral selection (loss of ...200918948138
effect of immunization of channel catfish with inactivated trophonts on serum and cutaneous antibody titers and survival against ichthyophthirius multifiliis.two trials were conducted to determine the effect of immunization of channel catfish with inactivated trophonts on serum and cutaneous antibody titers and survival against ichthyophthirius multifiliis fouquet (ich). in trial i, catfish were immunized intraperitoneally (ip) with: 1) 1% formalin-inactivated trophonts, 2) 3% formalin-inactivated trophonts and 3) freeze-thawed trophonts. positive and negative control catfish were immunized with live theronts and 5% bovine serum albumin (bsa), respec ...200918973816
cell surface expression of channel catfish leukocyte immune-type receptors (iplitrs) and recruitment of both src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (shp)-1 and shp-2.channel catfish leukocyte immune-type receptors (iplitrs) are immunoglobulin superfamily (igsf) members believed to play a role in the control and coordination of cellular immune responses in teleost. putative stimulatory and inhibitory iplitrs are co-expressed by different types of catfish immune cells (e.g. nk cells, t cells, b cells, and macrophages) but their signaling potential has not been determined. following cationic polymer-mediated transfections into human cell lines we examined the s ...200919013191
proteomic analysis of head kidney tissue from high and low susceptibility families of channel catfish following challenge with edwardsiella ictaluri.a study was performed to compare proteomic profiles of channel catfish from families with high and low susceptibility to edwardsiella ictaluri following an immersion challenge. total protein was isolated from head kidney samples, collected at 2 and 6h postexposure, and analyzed by 2-d-gel electrophoresis coupled with peptide mass fingerprint analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. comparisons were made between proteomic profiles from i ...200919028110
bob.1 of the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus: not a transcriptional coactivator?expression of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (igh) locus of the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) is driven by the emu3' enhancer, whose core region contains two octamer motifs and a mue5 site. orthologues of the oct1 and oct2 transcription factors have been cloned in the channel catfish and shown to bind to the octamer motifs within the core enhancer. while catfish oct2 is an activator of transcription, catfish oct1 failed to drive transcription and may act as a negative regulator of igh tr ...200919041136
channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, cysteine proteinases: cloning, characterisation and expression of cathepsin h and l.the antigen recognition by the host immune system is a complex biochemical process that requires a battery of enzymes. cathepsins are one of the enzyme superfamilies involved in antigen degradation. we observed the up-regulation of catfish cathepsin h and l transcripts during the early stage of edwardsiella ictaluri infection in preliminary studies, and speculated that cathepsin h and l may play roles in infection. we identified, sequenced and characterized the complete channel catfish cathepsin ...200919084602
dna-protein cross-links in erythrocytes of freshwater fish exposed to hexavalent chromium or divalent nickel.dna-protein cross-links (dpxs) in fish erythrocytes represent a potential biomarker for exposure to metal cations, such as hexavalent chromium (cr[vi]) and divalent nickel (ni[ii]). species-specific sensitivities to dpx formation were studied by coexposure of juvenile specimens of rainbow trout, hybrid bluegill, and channel catfish to waterborne metals, such as cr(vi) and ni(ii). in a species comparison, 4 days of exposure to 2 ppm cr(vi) induced highest dpxs in bluegill erythrocytes, followed b ...200918506500
[isolation and identification of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) hemorrhage reovirus].by using cell culture and virus infection methods, a new reovirus had been isolated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) suffered with severe hemorrhage and had been identified as channel catfish reovirus (ccrv) after artificial infection in fish, electron microscopy observation, physical-chemical tests, genomic sds-page analysis and sequencing. in artificial infection test, the typical symptoms of channel catfish hemorrhage as naturally occurred could be reproduced. the isolated virus cou ...200920077937
channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus rafinesque, 1818) cd156a (adam metallopeptidase domain 8): cdna clone, characterization and expression in tissues.cd156a, also known as a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 8 (adam-8), is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein of the adam family. this protein plays important roles in immune and other physiological functions. in this communication, the channel catfish cd156a cdna was characterized and its expression in various tissues was determined. the full-length of channel catfish cd156a cdna had 3035 nucleotides, including an open reading frame which appears to encode an 850 amino acid peptide with a c ...200919501921
molecular cloning, characterization and expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in channel catfish.thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors (tshrs) are primarily expressed in the thyroid of vertebrates, however recently, transcripts encoding tshr have been found abundantly in the gonads in a variety of fish species. the purpose of this study is to characterize the channel catfish tshr and to examine whether the transcript are translated into protein in the gonad or store the transcript as maternal rna for later use. the cdna encoding the tshr was isolated from the channel catfish thyroid but the ...200919523396
lateral line depigmentation (lld) in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque).head and lateral line erosion (hlle) is a chronic dermatopathy affecting a number of fish that presents as depigmented skin along the lateral line system of the trunk and head. we present microbiological, immunological and histopathological features of this lesion in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), that developed after exposure to a chronic nutritional stress. depigmention was limited to skin that was adjacent to the lateral line. the epidermis of affected fish was thin and re ...200919531093
new data on henneguya pellis (myxozoa: myxobolidae), a parasite of blue catfish ictalurus furcatus.the original description of henneguya pellis, a myxozoan parasitizing blue catfish ictalurus furcatus, is supplemented with new data on histopathology, spore morphology, and 18s small subunit (ssu) ribosomal dna (rdna) sequence. plasmodia presented as both internal and external, raised, cyst-like lesions on the body wall of the peritoneal cavity and on the skin. the cysts contained numerous elongate, lanceolate myxospores, flattened parallel to the suture line. the spore body was 14.8 ± 1.1 µm ( ...200919575542
edwardsiella ictaluri encodes an acid-activated urease that is required for intracellular replication in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) macrophages.genomic analysis indicated that edwardsiella ictaluri encodes a putative urease pathogenicity island containing the products of nine open reading frames, including urea and ammonium transporters. in vitro studies with wild-type e. ictaluri and a ureg::kan urease mutant strain indicated that e. ictaluri is significantly tolerant of acid conditions (ph 3.0) but that urease activity is not required for acid tolerance. growth studies demonstrated that e. ictaluri is unable to grow at ph 5 in the abs ...200919749068
expression analysis of selected immune-relevant genes in channel catfish during edwardsiella ictaluri infection.channel catfish ictalurus punctatus were intraperitoneally challenged with the bacterium edwardsiella ictaluri (the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish), and the expression of genes presumed to function in the inducible innate defense was evaluated. end-binding protein 1 (eb1), beta1-integrin, natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein (nramp), heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), serum amyloid p (sap), and transferrin gene expression profiles were determined using quantitative reve ...200919485123
pathogenicity of streptococcus ictaluri to channel catfish.the pathogenicity of a streptococcus ictaluri isolate in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus at the fry (0.5 g), fingerling (15 g), and juvenile (55 g) stages was determined by experimental bath immersion and injection experiments. channel catfish were exposed in 1-l immersion baths containing 10(8), 10(9), 10(10), 10(11) or 10(12) colony-forming units (cfu) of s. ictaluri. fish were also injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of bacterial solution for final doses of 10(4), 10(5), 10(6), 10(7), ...200920043405
comparison of culture media for enrichment and isolation of salmonella spp. from frozen channel catfish and vietnamese basa fillets.frozen fillets of channel catfish and vietnamese basa fish were used to compare salmonella spp. recovery effectiveness of selective enrichment in rappaport-vassiliadis (rv) broth and tetrathionate broth (tt) and selective isolation on hekteon enteric (he) agar, xylose lysine deoxycholate (xld) agar, and bismuth sulfite (bs) agar. isolate confirmation was through fatty acid methyl ester analysis. of 60 samples analyzed, 25 were found contaminated with salmonella (42% incidence). salmonella spp. r ...200919269575
experimental annotation of channel catfish virus by probabilistic proteogenomic mapping.experimental identification of expressed proteins by proteomics constitutes the most reliable approach to identify genomic location and structure of protein-coding genes and substantially complements computational genome annotation. channel catfish herpesvirus (ccv) is a simple comparative model for understanding herpesvirus biology and the evolution of the herpesviridae. the canonical ccv genome has 76 predicted orf and only 12 of these have been confirmed experimentally. we describe a modifica ...200919391180
evaluation of diquat against an acute experimental infection of flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque).a trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of diquat (6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium dibromide) against an acute experimental infection of flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. diquat is an environmental protection agency-approved herbicide and has the potential to be legally and practically used against columnaris. channel catfish were challenged, by cutaneous abrasion, and waterborne exposure to f. columnare and treated once at 22-h post-challen ...200919392680
nod-like subfamily of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family receptors and their expression in channel catfish.the nlrs (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family receptors) are a recently identified family of pattern recognition receptors in vertebrates. several subfamilies of nlrs have been characterized in human, mouse, and zebrafish, but studies of nlrs in other species, especially teleost species, have been lacking. here we report characterization of five nlrs from channel catfish: nod1, nod2, nlrc3, nlrc5, and nlrx1. structural analysis indicated that the genes were organi ...200919414032
identification and characterization of matrix metalloproteinase-13 sequence structure and expression during embryogenesis and infection in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).matrix metalloproteinase-13 (mmp-13), referred to as collagenase-3, is a proteolytic enzyme that plays a key role in degradation and remodelling of host extracellular matrix proteins. the objective of this study was to characterize the mmp-13 gene in channel catfish, and to determine its pattern of expression in various healthy tissues and during embryogenesis. since mmp-13 has been shown to have importance in tissue remodelling and some pathological processes, we further studied its involvement ...201020060415
identification and expression profile of multiple genes in the anterior kidney of channel catfish induced by modified live edwardsiella ictaluri vaccination.using pcr-select subtractive cdna hybridization technique, 57 expressed sequence tags (ests) were isolated from 240 clones of a modified live edwardsiella ictaluri vaccinated vs. sham-vaccinated channel catfish anterior kidney subtractive library. the transcription levels of the 57 ests in response to e. ictaluri vaccination were then evaluated by quantitative pcr (qpcr). of the 57 ests, 43 were induced at least 2-fold higher in all three vaccinated fish compared to unvaccinated control fish. of ...201019800135
structure and expression of transferrin gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus.transferrin is important in iron metabolism and has been reported to be involved in disease defence responses after bacterial infection. in this study, we identified, sequenced, and characterized the transferrin gene from channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. the catfish transferrin gene was similar to those of other vertebrate species with 17 exons and 16 introns. sequence analysis indicated the presence of the two duplicated lobes, each containing two sub-domains separated by a cleft harboring ...201019837170
sequence analysis, characterization and mrna distribution of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus rafinesque, 1818) chemokine (c-x-c motif) receptor 4 (cxcr4) cdna.chemokine receptor cxcr4, a member of the g protein-coupled receptor superfamily, binds selectively cxcl12. this protein plays many important roles in immunological as well as pathophysiological functions. in this study, we identified and characterized the channel catfish cxcr4 transcript. the full-length nucleic acid sequence of channel catfish cxcr4 cdna comprised of 1994 nucleotides, including an open reading frame, which appears to encode a putative peptide of 357 amino acid residues with a ...201019853928
mycobacteria isolated from chesapeake bay fish.mycobacteriosis in fish can result in ulcers, emaciation, and in some cases death. mycobacteria have been previously isolated from a variety of chesapeake bay fish species, and the current study was designed to identify potential host specificity and location fidelity of mycobacterial isolates. mycobacteria were isolated from wild fish of the chesapeake bay collected from the upper bay, the choptank river, herring bay, the chicamacomico river, the pocomoke river and the potomac river in 2003-200 ...201019909394
reduction of listeria monocytogenes on the surface of fresh channel catfish fillets by bacteriophage listex p100.bacteriophage listex p100 (phage p100) was approved by the u.s. food and drug administration and u.s. department of agriculture's food safety and inspection service for listeria monocytogenes control on both raw and ready-to-eat food products. in this article, we present the proof of concept on the influence of phage dose, phage contact time, and storage temperature on the listericidal activity of phage p100 in reducing the l. monocytogenes loads on the surface of fresh channel catfish fillet. t ...201019958102
channel catfish soluble fcmur binds conserved linear epitopes present on cmu3 and cmu4.a linear epitope on catfish igm has been identified as the docking site for the catfish soluble fcmur (ipfcri). western blot analyses and latex bead binding assays identified the consensus octapeptide motif fxcxvxhe located at the second cysteine that forms the intrachain disulfide bond of the catfish cmu3 and cmu4 immunolglobulin (ig) domains as the ipfcri binding sites. furthermore, molecular modeling of catfish cmu3 and cmu4 confirmed that the octapeptide in both of these domains is accessibl ...201020031218
sequence analysis, characterization and tissue distribution of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus rafinesque, 1818) myeloperoxidase cdna.myeloperoxidase (ec 1.11.1.7), a heme-containing lysosomal glycoprotein, is found predominantly in azurophilic granules of neutrophils. this enzyme upon activation catalyzes hydrogen peroxide in the presence of various halide ions to form hypohalous acids. subsequently, these reagents are able to kill the invading microorganisms. in this study, we report the identification, characterization and expression analysis of the channel catfish myeloperoxidase transcript. the full-length nucleotide sequ ...201020034575
plant natural compounds with antibacterial activity towards common pathogens of pond-cultured channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).the bacteria edwardsiella ictaluri and flavobacterium columnare cause enteric septicemia and columnaris disease, respectively, in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). natural therapeutants may provide an alternative to current management approaches used by producers. in this study, a rapid bioassay identified plant compounds as potential therapeutants. chelerythrine chloride and ellagic acid were the most toxic toward e. ictaluri, with 24-h ic50 of 7.3 mg/l and 15.1 mg/l, respectively, and mic ...201022069655
somatostatins of the channel catfish.pancreatic tissue of the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) contains two somatostatins. the amino acid sequence of a 14-residue containing peptide (ss-14) is identical in sequence and has the same mass ion by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry as mammalian ss-14. a 22-residue somatostatin (ss-22) has also been isolated and its amino acid sequence determined. the amino acid sequence differs from that reported by oyama et al. (j biol chem 255:2251, 1980) in two of the 22-residues (position ...20102863931
vitellogenin induction by estradiol in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus.in oviparous vertebrates estrogens induce hepatic synthesis of vitellogenin (vg), a blood protein sequestered in vitellogenic oocytes and from which lipovitellin (lv) and phosvitin are derived. our objective was to identify vg in the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. an intraperitoneal injection of estradiol-17 beta into adult male fish induced a dose-dependent accumulation of a 150 kda protein (ep) in the plasma. ep was detectable in coomassie blue-stained polyacrylamide gels within 24 hr a ...20102920897
secretagogues for pancreatic hormone release in the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).we investigated the effect of several potential carbohydrate secretagogues, amino acids, a ketoacid, and potassium chloride on insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin release from the in vitro perfused brockmann body of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). mannose (15 mm) stimulated the release of insulin and somatostatin. fructose (30 mm) induced only a small and transient release of somatostatin. galactose (15 mm) was not a secretagogue. likewise, glyceraldehyde failed to stimulate hormone relea ...20102881840
validation of a qpcr assay for the detection of ictalurid herpesvirus-2 (ichv-2) in fish tissues and cell culture supernatants.ictalurid herpesvirus-2 (ichv-2) is a pathogen of cultured black bullhead, ameiurus melas (rafinesque), and has been shown to produce high mortality in experimental exposures of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque). during acute infections, the virus grows readily in cell cultures but produces a cytopathic effect (cpe) similar to that of ictalurid herpesvirus-1 (ichv-1) and the channel catfish reovirus. we have developed a quantitative pcr assay that can be used to detect ichv-2 in ...201020082661
bioaccumulation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in fishes from the tittabawassee and saginaw rivers, michigan, usa.characterizing biological factors associated with species-specific accumulation of contaminants is one of the major focuses in ecotoxicology and environmental chemistry studies. in this study, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), dibenzofurans (pcdfs), and non- and mono-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners were analyzed in various fish species from the tittabawassee and saginaw rivers (12 fish species; n=314 individuals), michigan, usa. due to their migratory habits, ...201020206964
identification, phylogenetic relationships, characterization and gene expression patterns of six different annexins of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus rafinesque, 1818).annexins are ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins. they are ubiquitous in living organisms and are involved in many cellular processes. in the course of studying edwardsiella ictaluri pathogenesis in channel catfish, we identified that six annexin expressed sequence tags (a1, a2, a4, a5, a6 and a11) were up-regulated at the early stage of infection. in this study, we cloned and characterized these transcripts. the full-length nucleic acid sequences of channel catfish annexins ranges fr ...201020227769
molecular characterization and gene expression of the channel catfish ferritin h subunit after bacterial infection and iron treatment.ferritins are the major iron storage protein in the cytoplasm of cells, responsible for regulating levels of intracellular iron. ferritin genes are widely distributed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. in mammals, ferritin molecules are composed of heavy- (h) and light- (l) chain subunits; amphibian genomes contain three ferritin-type genes (h; middle, m; and l subunits); and teleost genomes to date contain h and m subunits. the objective of this study was to characterize the ferritin h gene in ...201020336795
expression profiles of toll-like receptors in anterior kidney of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), acutely infected by edwardsiella ictaluri.using quantitative pcr (qpcr), the relative transcriptional levels of five toll-like receptors (tlr2, tlr3, tlr5, tlr20a and tlr21) were studied in the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), under uninfected and acutely infected conditions [1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36- and 48-h post-injection (hpi)]. under uninfected conditions, the transcriptional levels of the five tlrs were significantly lower than that of 18s rrna (p < 0.001). qpcr results also revealed that the transcriptional ...201020384909
proteomic analysis of the fish pathogen flavobacterium columnare.abstract:201020525376
antiparasitic activity of the antimicrobial peptide hbbetap-1, a member of the beta-haemoglobin peptide family.a family of antimicrobial peptides (amps) derived from the beta-subunit of haemoglobin was recently isolated from channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, infected with ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich), an important freshwater fish parasite that causes ichthyophthiriosis. we previously discovered that one of these amps, hbbetap-1, had strong cidal activity against ich as well as another ectoparasite, tetrahymena pyriformis. hbbetap-1 toxicity was specific, primarily affecting the trophozoite (tro ...201020561143
the bacterial community associated with the leech myzobdella lugubris leidy 1851 (hirudinea: piscicolidae) from lake erie, michigan, usa.leeches are widespread in the great lakes basin, yet their potential to harbor disease-causing agents has not been investigated. the purpose of this study was to identify the bacterial community of the commonly occurring leech, myzobdella lugubris, within the lake erie watershed. leech samples were collected from the pectoral fins of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, and freshwater drum, aplodinotus grunniens, from lake erie in commercial trap nets and pooled into two samples based on host a ...201020597437
identification and expression profile of multiple genes in channel catfish fry 10 min after modified live flavobacterium columnare vaccination.using pcr-select subtractive cdna hybridization technique, 32 expressed sequence tags (ests) were isolated from 96 clones of a channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) fry subtractive library 10min post-vaccination with a modified live flavobacterium columnare vaccine. the transcription levels of the 32 ests in response to f. columnare vaccination were then evaluated by quantitative pcr (qpcr). of the 32 ests, 28 were upregulated in at least one vaccinated fish. of the 28 upregulated ests, 12 were ...201020630605
in vitro evaluation of marine-microorganism extracts for anti-viral activity.viral-induced infectious diseases represent a major health threat and their control remains an unachieved goal, due in part to the limited availability of effective anti-viral drugs and measures. the use of natural products in drug manufacturing is an ancient and well-established practice. marine organisms are known producers of pharmacological and anti-viral agents. in this study, a total of 20 extracts from marine microorganisms were evaluated for their antiviral activity. these extracts were ...201020691099
new class of algicidal compounds and fungicidal activities derived from a chromene amide of amyris texana.a chromene amide, n-[2-(2,2-dimethyl-2h-1-benzopyran-6-yl)ethyl]-n,3-dimethylbutanamide, was isolated from the etoac extract of the leaves of amyris texana and found to have moderate antifungal activity against colletotrichum spp. and selective algicidal activity against planktothrix perornata, a cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) that causes musty off-flavor in farm-raised channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). to improve the selective algicidal activity and provide water solubility, a series of ...201020695429
chemotactic factors of flavobacterium columnare to skin mucus of healthy channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).to gain an insight into the chemotactic factors involved in chemotaxis, we exposed a virulent strain of flavobacterium columnare to various treatments, followed by analysis of its chemotactic activity. the chemotactic activity of f. columnare was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited when cells were pretreated by sodium metaperiodate, and a major portion of the capsular layer surrounding the cells was removed. pretreatment of f. columnare with d-mannose, d-glucose and n-acteyl-d-glucosamine significa ...201020695896
first record of trichodina heterodentata (ciliophora: trichodinidae) from channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus cultivated in brazil.this study characterises morphologically trichodina heterodentata duncan, 1977 from channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque, 1818) in the state of santa catarina, brazil. body and gill smears were air-dried at room temperature, impregnated with silver nitrate and/or stained with giemsa. ten characteristics were selected to compare the present material with other morphological characterisations of t. heterodentata. prevalence rate was 100%, mean intensity 89,333.70 (3,125 to 299,100 para ...201020730352
identification of two igd+ b cell populations in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus.channel catfish ictalurus punctatus express two ig isotypes: igm and igd. although catfish igm has been extensively studied at the functional and structural levels, much less is known about igd. in this study, igm(+)/igd(+) and igm(-)/igd(+) catfish b cell populations were identified through the use of anti-igm and anti-igd mabs. catfish igm(+)/igd(+) b cells are small and agranular. in contrast, igm(-)/igd(+) b cells are larger and exhibit a plasmablast morphology. the use of cell sorting, flow ...201020817869
cloning, expression, and immunogenicity of flavobacterium columnare heat shock protein dnaj.the flavobacterium columnare heat shock protein (hsp) gene dnaj* was isolated, cloned, expressed, and used as an antigen in a recombinant vaccine strategy for channel catfish ictalurus punctatus. the f. columnare dnaj* sequence was obtained from genomovars i and ii and showed intraspecies variability. recombinant protein was expressed and purified from escherichia coli cultures and injected intraperitoneally (12 microg of purified dnaj/fish) into fingerling channel catfish. in addition, induced ...201020848881
efficacy of florfenicol for control of mortality caused by flavobacterium columnare infection in channel catfish.the studied in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus fingerlings held in 80-l aquaria. nonabraded fish were challenged by immersion on day 0. thirty 80-l tanks were randomly assigned in equal numbers to two treatment groups, one in which fish were fed a commercial diet without florfenicol (unmedicated feed) and one in which they were fed a diet containing 10 mg of florfenicol/kg of body weight (medicated feed) for ten consecutive days. mortality was monitored during the treatment period and a 14-d ...201020848886
importance of skin abrasion as a primary site of adhesion for edwardsiella ictaluri and impact on invasion and systematic infection in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus.the route of entry of edwardsiella ictaluri into its catfish host has been a subject of investigation since the pathogen was first discovered. there is evidence to support entry through the intestinal tract, the nares, and the gills. here, we evaluated the role of skin abrasion through a series of experimental challenges using bioluminescent e. ictaluri carrying the plasmid paklux1. our results show that e. ictaluri is able to colonize abrasion sites on catfish skin and that catfish with abrasio ...201020869817
efficacy of a modified live flavobacterium columnare vaccine in fish.flavobacterium columnare is an aquatic bacterium that is responsible for columnaris disease. this aquatic pathogen has a worldwide distribution and is highly infectious to both warm and cold water fish. a modified live f. columnare vaccine was developed by repeated passage of a virulent strain on increasing concentrations of rifampicin that resulted in attenuation. here we report vaccination/challenge trials to evaluate efficacy and safety. in separate laboratory trials, immersion vaccination of ...201021059396
molecular responses of calreticulin genes to iron overload and bacterial challenge in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).infection and inflammation are often accompanied by oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species which can be deleterious to the health of the host. antioxidant defense mechanisms and components are crucial in limiting cellular and tissue-level damage and restoring homeostasis. in mammals, calreticulin is a 46-kda multifunctional calcium binding protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that has many critical functions in the eukaryotic cell including regulation of intracell ...201021093478
determinations of hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) isomers in channel catfish, crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds from china by isotopic dilution lc-ms/ms.hbcd is widely used brominated flame retardant, which is increasingly reported in the environment. a new isotopic dilution lc-ms/ms method was developed to determine three hbcd isomers, α-, β- and γ-hbcd in channel catfish, crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds in this study, and especially for the first time hbcd isomers composition in crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds. soxhlet extractor and gpc cleanup were used, some important steps and crucial parameters were modified and intensified compared wi ...201021122892
genomic sequences comparison and differential expression of miiuy croaker mhc class i gene, after infection by vibrio anguillarum.major histocompatibility complex (mhc) has a central role in the adaptive immune system by presenting foreign peptide to the t-cell receptor. mhc gene family contains two main subgroups of immunologically active molecules. in order to study the molecular function and genomic characteristic of class i gene in teleost, the full lengths of mhc class iα cdna and genomic sequence were cloned from miiuy croaker (miichthys miiuy). seven exons and six introns were identified in miiuy croaker class iα ge ...201021147159
characterization and tissue expression of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus rafinesque, 1818) ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase l5 (uchl5) cdna.the ubiquitin-proteasome cycle is a complex, non-lysosomal biochemical process for intracellular protein degradation. this process involves many enzymes. one enzyme involved in this process is ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase l5 (uchl5), which deubiquitylates the polyubiquitin chain into ubiquitin. in this report, we isolated, sequenced, and characterized the channel catfish uchl5 cdna. the complete nucleic acid sequence of the channel catfish uchl5 cdna is comprised of 1,357 nucleotides, i ...201019266312
alternative splicing in teleost fish genomes: same-species and cross-species analysis and comparisons.alternative splicing (as) is a mechanism by which the coding diversity of the genome can be greatly increased. rates of as are known to vary according to the complexity of eukaryotic species potentially explaining the tremendous phenotypic diversity among species with similar numbers of coding genes. little is known, however, about the nature or rate of as in teleost fish. here, we report the characteristics of as in teleost fish and classification and frequency of five canonical as types. we co ...201020383527
exposure of fish to high-intensity sonar does not induce acute pathology.this study investigated immediate effects of intense sound exposure associated with low-frequency (170-320 hz) or with mid-frequency (2.8-3.8 khz) sonars on caged rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, channel catfish ictalurus punctatus and hybrid sunfish lepomis sp. in seneca lake, new york, u.s.a. this study focused on potential effects on inner ear tissues using scanning electron microscopy and on non-auditory tissues using gross and histopathology. fishes were exposed to low-frequency sounds fo ...201020557634
ig heavy chain genes and their locus in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella.the cdna and genomic sequences of igd and igz were characterized in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella in the present study, and with the identification of a bac clone covering zeta, mu, and delta genes, the igh locus containing these ig genes and other v, d, j genes was also illustrated in this fish. secretory and membrane-bound igz were identified, with two transmembrane exons spliced within the ch4 exon, as reported in igm of mammals and igz in other teleost fish. the first and second constan ...201020558301
comparison of cytotoxicity induced by 17α-ethynylestradiol and diethylstilbestrol in fish cco and mammalian cho-k1 cell lines.the effects of synthetic estrogens 17α-ethynylestradiol (ee2) and diethylstilbestrol (des) were compared on cell proliferation and morphology in channel catfish ovary (cco) and chinese hamster ovary (cho-k1) cells. ee2 exposure (0.1 and 0.5 μg/ml) induced stimulatory effect on cco and cho-k1 cell proliferation, while higher concentrations (1-10 μg/ml) showed cytotoxic effects. increase in des concentrations mainly resulted in dose-depended increase in cytotoxicity in both cell lines. morphologic ...201121327609
detection of temporal trends of α- and γ-chlordane in lake erie fish communities using dynamic linear modeling.dynamic linear modeling (dlm) analysis was performed to identify the long-term temporal trends of two toxic components of the technical chlordane pesticide, α- and γ-chlordane, in skinless-boneless muscle tissues of a number of sport fish species in lake erie. our analysis considers the fish length as a covariate of the chlordane concentrations. the α-chlordane models for the coho salmon, channel catfish, rainbow trout, and common carp showed continuously decreasing trends during the entire 30+ ...201121536330
modified live edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine, aquavac-esc, lacks multidrug resistance plasmids.plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance was first discovered in edwardsiella ictaluri in the early 1990s, and in 2007 an e. ictaluri isolate harboring an inca/c plasmid was recovered from a moribund channel catfish ictalurus punctatus infected with the bacterium. due to the identification of multidrug resistance plasmids in aquaculture and their potential clinical importance, we sought to determine whether the modified live e. ictaluri vaccine strain in aquavac-esc harbors such plasmids, so that ...201122372247
a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for quantification of edwardsiella ictaluri in catfish pond water and genetic homogeneity of diagnostic case isolates from mississippi.a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay was developed for the detection and quantification of edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus pond water using modifications to a published e. ictaluri-specific qpcr assay and previously established protocols for the molecular detection of myxozoan parasites in catfish ponds. genomic dna equivalents indicative of the number of bacteria in a sample were determined and standard curves correlating to bacterial numbers were e ...201122372245
comparative genomic analysis of bacteriophages specific to the channel catfish pathogen edwardsiella ictaluri.the bacterial pathogen edwardsiella ictaluri is a primary cause of mortality in channel catfish raised commercially in aquaculture farms. additional treatment and diagnostic regimes are needed for this enteric pathogen, motivating the discovery and characterization of bacteriophages specific to e. ictaluri.201121214923
molecular responses of ceruloplasmin to edwardsiella ictaluri infection and iron overload in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).ceruloplasmin is a serum ferroxidase that carries more than 90% of the copper in plasma and has documented roles in iron homeostasis as well as antioxidative functions. in our previous studies, it has been shown that the ceruloplasmin gene is strongly up-regulated in catfish during challenge with edwardsiella ictaluri. however, little is known about the function of this gene in teleost fish. the objective of this study, therefore, was to characterize the ceruloplasmin gene from channel catfish, ...201121220026
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