Publications

phosphatidylcholine synthesis in adult dirofilaria immitis females.		1985	2984126
role of retinoids and their binding proteins in filarial parasites and host tissues.		1985	2988102
parasite-specific inhibition of 5'-nucleotidase from onchocerca volvulus and dirofilaria immitis by the amoscanate-derivative cgp 8065.	the presence of 5'-nucleotidase was demonstrated in onchocerca volvulus and dirofilaria immitis; the bulk of activity was found in the particulate fraction. the enzyme of filarial worms exhibited a broad ph-optimum between 6.4 and 8.0 and substrate specificity for nucleotides compared to glucose-6-phosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosphate. the apparent km-values for amp were found to be 0.15 mm and 0.22 mm for the enzyme from o. volvulus and d. immitis, respectively. the activity of 5'-nucleotidase ...	1985	2993882
novel retinoid-binding proteins from filarial parasites.	the present study deals with the discovery and partial characterization of specific binding proteins for retinol and retinoic acid from filarial parasites (worms of the superfamily filarioidea), including those from two species of onchocerca. these binding proteins, which are distinct in their physicochemical properties and in the mode of ligand interactions from the host-tissue retinoid-binding proteins, may be involved in the mediation of the putative biological roles of retinoids in the contr ...	1985	3004410
monoclonal antibodies to parasite antigens found in the serum of dirofilaria immitis-infected dogs.	we recently reported that parasite antigens are detectable in the serum of dirofilaria immitis-infected dogs by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie). hybridoma cell lines that produce monoclonal antibodies specific for these antigens were obtained by immunizing mice with a partially purified antigen preparation, fusing spleen cells with sp-2 myeloma cells, and screening cell culture supernatants for antibody by elisa and cie inhibition. antibodies specific for two epitopes shared by the two major ...	1985	2578155
demonstration of both immunologically unique and common antigenic determinants in dirofilaria immitis and toxocara canis using monoclonal antibodies.	using an elisa system, the immunological cross-reactivity between d. immitis and t. canis has been, for the first time, examined on an individual clone-by-clone basis. this study offers a definitive demonstration of the presence of immunologically distinguishable species-specific non-crossreactive antigens and the presence of cross-reactive antigens in antigenic extracts obtained from adult d. immitis and t. canis.	1985	2417400
biochemical and immunologic characterization of a major surface antigen of dirofilaria immitis infective larvae.	a 35 kd major surface antigen of dirofilaria immitis third-stage larvae was characterized biochemically and immunologically. living larvae were iodinated by using iodo-gen, iodosulfanilic acid, lactoperoxidase-glucose oxidase, and bolton-hunter reagents. detergent extracts of larvae labeled by the first three methods showed one major 35 kd component and a number of smaller components of about 6 kd, as analyzed by one-dimensional sds-page. in contrast, extracts from larvae labeled with the bolton ...	1986	2419445
specificity of scolex and oncosphere antigens for the serological diagnosis of taeniid cestode infections in dogs.	groups of dogs raised free of helminths were monospecifically infected with the common nematodes toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum and trichuris vulpis. serums from these dogs, and a group of dogs of unknown history but infected with dirofilaria immitis and dipylidium caninum, had levels of antibody to their homologous nematode antigens readily detectable by elisa. no cross-reactions were apparent when these serums were tested by elisa using oncosphere antigens of taenia hydatigena, t. pisifor ...	1986	2421704
a dna probe cloned in escherichia coli for the identification of brugia malayi.	this report describes a specific and sensitive dna probe for the identification of brugia malayi. a genomic dna library produced from subperiodic b. malayi microfilariae was screened to detect clones containing dna sequences which are highly repeated within the parasite genome. several clones were further analyzed to identify those which hybridize specifically with b. malayi dna but not with dna from b. pahangi and dirofilaria immitis. from these, clone pbm15 was selected because it hybridized w ...	1986	2425257
antigenic peptides on the surface of dirofilaria immitis microfilariae.	various methods of radioiodination were employed to identify peptides on the surface of dirofilaria immitis microfilariae. optimum surface radiolabelling occurred with the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed reaction. two major peptides of 16 and 14 kda were labelled by this method. these peptides were soluble in nonidet p-40, were not glycosylated, and showed no signs of disulfide linkages. these peptides were immunoprecipitated by sera from d. immitis-infected dogs, but not by sera from uninfected dogs ...	1986	3083256
comparative histochemical studies of glycosidase activity in some helminths.	comparative histochemical studies of glycosidase activity were carried out in clonorchis sinensis, eurytrema pancreaticum, fasciola hepatica, dipylidium caninum, hymenolepis nana, ascaris suum, toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum, trichuris vulpis and dirofilaria immitis. the enzymes examined were: n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (ec 3.2.1.30), beta-glucuronidase (ec 3.2.1.31) and beta-galactosidase (ec 3.2.1.23). there were variations in enzyme distribution and intensity among the species and als ...	1986	3084622
efficiency of papain-treated microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti (var. pacifica) as antigen for serodiagnosis of bancroftian filariasis in french polynesia.	papain-treated microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti have been used as antigen for indirect fluorescent assay: 0% of non-endemic sera, 8% of healthy exposed polynesians, 48% of clinical patients and 96% of microfilaraemic subjects were positive by this test. the geometric mean titres were 22, 41, 147 and 605 respectively. untreated microfilariae were unsuitable for diagnostic purposes. dirofilaria immitis adult sections showed low reactivity, giving poor discrimination between non-endemic and mi ...	1986	3299894
phosphatidylserine synthesis in adult dirofilaria immitis females.		1986	3009339
characterization of a ribosomal dna clone of brugia malayi.	the structure of ribosomal dna (rdna) clone pbmr7 from microfilariae of the human parasite brugia malayi has been examined in detail by southern blot analysis and s-1 mapping techniques. the results demonstrate that this clone contains regions homologous to 28s, 18s and 5.8s rdnas. a noncoding or 'spacer' region lies between the 3' end of 28s rdna and the 5' end of 18s rdna. an acci-sau3ai fragment of approximately 900 bp from this spacer region cross-hybridizes to genomic dna fragments of diffe ...	1986	3012333
presumed dirofilaria immitis infections from field-collected mosquitoes in north carolina.		1986	2906971
a survey for natural vectors of dirofilaria immitis in chiang mai province, northern thailand.		1986	2874614
detection of dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in peripheral blood. a quantitative comparison of the efficiency and sensitivity of four techniques.	four techniques for the detection and quantification of dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in peripheral blood were compared, namely the conventional thick smear, thick films prepared by cytocentrifugation, filtration of blood through polycarbonate membranes, and density gradient centrifugation followed by membrane filtration. the efficiency of the methods and their sensitivity was assessed by determining quantitatively the recovery of known numbers of microfilariae from defined volumes of blood. ...	1986	2874710
[isolation of dirofilaria immitis antigens. i. preliminary study of fractionation using ion exchange chromatography].		1986	3550948
[separation of dirofilaria immitis antigens: ii. deae-cellulose chromatography].		1986	3550958
thermotaxis in third and fourth-stage dirofilaria immitis larvae.	third-stage and fourth-stage dirofilaria immitis larvae exhibited positive thermotaxis when placed in a thermal gradient. negative thermotaxis was not observed. positive thermotaxis may be important for the successful transmission and for directing third and fourth-stage larval migration toward predilection sites in the host.	1986	3701022
dirofilariasis in a ferret.	an adult male ferret was found to be lethargic and dyspneic. necropsy revealed 21 worms in the heart, vena cava, and pulmonary artery. the worms were identified as dirofilaria immitis. histologic examination of lung tissue revealed numerous microfilariae.	1986	3710876
dirofilaria immitis as a cause of solitary pulmonary nodule.		1986	3712432
203hg and other gamma-emitting radio-isotopes as labels for dirofilaria immitis microfilariae.	the in vitro uptake of gamma-emitting radionuclides by microfilariae of dirofilaria immitis was investigated. radionuclides tested were 133ba, 207bi, 82br, 109cd, 51cr, 60co, 59fe, 203hg, 125i, 54mn, 32p, 125sb, 46sc, 75se and 65zn. only 207bi, 59fe, 203hg, 54mn and 46sc showed more than 2% of the available radioactivity to bind to the microfilariae. when tested for retention in vitro only 203hg showed retention levels approaching 90%. moreover, when dimethyl-sulphoxide was incorporated into the ...	1986	3714306
external monitoring of 203hg-labelled dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in mice and dogs.	microfilariae of dirofilaria immitis were labelled with 203hg2+ in vitro and injected into irradiated mice and beagle dogs. with irradiated mice it was possible to demonstrate microfilariae present in the blood and to detect 203hg by external counting as long as 28 days after dosing. the 203hg2+ label had a half-time of 4-5 days; the amount of stable mercury in the labelling medium strongly influenced the survival of microfilariae in vivo. in dogs, external counting showed the lungs to be a majo ...	1986	3714307
effects of diethylcarbamazine on the motility of angiostrongylus cantonensis and dirofilaria immitis.	effects of piperazine derivatives, especially of diethylcarbamazine (dec) on adult angiostrongylus cantonensis and dirofilaria immitis were examined. piperazine (3 x 10(-5)-10(-4) m) paralyzed a. cantonensis and the action was antagonized by picrotoxin. 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (dmpp) (10(-5)-10(-4) m) caused contraction but little effect was produced by strychnine. an inhibitory effect on untreated preparations was caused by lower concentrations (3 x 10(-6)-10(-5) m) of diethylc ...	1986	3716544
inoculation of dogs with artificial larvae similar to those of dirofilaria immitis: distribution within the pulmonary arteries.	two hundred artificial larvae, similar in size to those of dirofilaria immitis, were inoculated into the venous system of 20 clinically healthy dogs and the distribution pattern was evaluated. one hundred forty-four (73%) of the larvae were located in the right lung and fifty-one (26%) in the left lung. of those larvae in the lung, 50% were in the right caudal branch and 21% in the left caudal branch of the pulmonary artery. these findings help to explain why the right caudal lung lobe usually i ...	1986	3717723
early pulmonary lesions caused by dead dirofilaria immitis in dogs exposed to homologous antigens.	dead adult d. immitis were inserted into the pulmonary arteries of 10 healthy pups, five of which were given a crude antigenic extract of d. immitis subcutaneously. two dogs, one from each group were then killed 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after the insertion of filariae and the associated pulmonary artery pathology examined. microscopically, haemorrhage was evident at day 1, followed by suppuration and organization at days 5 to 7, with organization, fibrosis and focal pleural retraction evident on da ...	1986	3718843
thiacetarsamide in dogs with dirofilaria immitis: influence of decreased liver function on drug efficacy.	the influence that decreased functional hepatic mass had on blood arsenic concentrations in dogs after they were treated with thiacetarsamide, on the clearance of indocyanine green (icg), on arsenic concentrations in the heartworm (dirofilaria immitis), and on drug efficacy was studied. dogs which were partially hepatectomized and treated with thiacetarsamide (1.76 mg/kg, 2 times a day for 2 days) had a significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced icg clearance, significantly (p less than 0.01) high ...	1986	3729138
defense reactions of mosquitoes to filarial worms: effect of host age on the immune response to dirofilaria immitis microfilariae.	the melanization response of aedes aegypti black-eyed liverpool strain (lvp) and aedes trivittatus against intrathoracically inoculated dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) was assessed in mosquitoes less than 1, 14, 21, and 28 days after adult ecdysis. there was a significant decrease in the melanization response of a. aegypti 14 days of age and older at 1, 3, and 5 days postinoculation (pi) compared to less than 1-day-old mosquitoes. the response also was reduced significantly in 14- to 28- ...	1986	3734989
parasite-induced suppression of the immune response in aedes aegypti by brugia pahangi.	the melanization response against intrathoracically inoculated brugia pahangi and dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) isolated from vertebrate host blood was evaluated in both uninfected aedes aegypti black-eyed liverpool strain and in mosquitoes harboring a developing b. pahangi infection. the immune response against inoculated mff of either species was significantly reduced by 28-47% in infected as compared with uninfected mosquitoes. attempts to passively transfer this suppression factor( ...	1986	3734990
hemocyte-mediated melanization of microfilariae in aedes aegypti.	the melanization response of adult female aedes aegypti (black-eyed liverpool strain) against intrathoracically inoculated dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) was assessed with transmission electron microscopy. the initial reaction involved the lysis of hemocytes at or near the surface of the parasite prior to the deposition of pigment. subsequently, melanin formation was noted in the area of lysed cells and appeared to cascade onto the parasite surface. observations suggest that melanin may ...	1986	3734991
clinical application of milbemycin d as a prophylactic agent against dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs: reactions in uninfected and infected dogs.		1986	3735888
a case of double infection with brugia pahangi buckley and edeson 1956, and dirofilaria immitis leidy 1856, in a malaysian clouded leopard, neofelis nebulosa.	a case of double infection with brugia pahangi and dirofilaria immitis in a clouded leopard, neofelis nebulosa, is presented. a brief review of filarial infections in both man and wild animals, and their medical importance is discussed.	1986	3739206
preliminary assessment of dirocult, a latex agglutination test for detection of dirofilaria immitis infection in the dog.		1986	3741278
the effectiveness of a latex agglutination test for the detection of circulating antigen of dirofilaria immitis in dogs.		1986	3741281
differences in sensitivity of schistosoma mansoni schistosomula, dirofilaria immitis microfilariae, and nematospiroides dubius third-stage larvae to damage by the polyamine oxidase-polyamine system.	the effect of the polyamine oxidase (pao)-polyamine system on some helminths was examined in vitro. both schistosoma mansoni schistosomula and dirofilaria immitis microfilariae were highly sensitive to this system, the latter more so than the former. in contrast, exsheathed third-stage larvae of nematospiroides dubius were resistant to the effects of the pao-polyamine system. after incubation of microfilariae with either spermine or spermidine in the presence of serum containing pao (bovine seru ...	1986	3744554
[human pulmonary dirofilariasis].		1986	3747283
glutathione s-transferase in adult dirofilaria immitis and brugia pahangi.	glutathione s-transferase (ec 2.5.1.18) was detected in the cytosolic and microsomal fractions of adult dirofilaria immitis females at respective levels of 30 nmol and 3 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1 activity with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb). the transferase activity in the cytosolic fraction of adult brugia pahangi females was 10 nmol min-1 mg-1 with cdnb; determination of its activity in the microsomal fraction of this filariid was not attempted. these filarial glutathione s-t ...	1986	3748071
efficacy of ivermectin against dirofilaria immitis larvae in dogs 30 and 45 days after induced infection.	forty-two beagles, 14 to 15 weeks of age, were injected subcutaneously with 50 infective larvae of dirofilaria immitis and were allotted by weight, within sex, to 6 treatment groups. group 1 served as nonmedicated vehicle-treated controls; groups 2 through 5 were given an oral tablet form of ivermectin at dosages of 0.3 micrograms/kg, 1.0 micrograms/kg, 2.0 micrograms/kg, and 3.3 micrograms/kg at 30 days after inoculation; group 6 was given the 2.0 micrograms/kg dosage at 45 days after inoculati ...	1986	3754405
electronic spreadsheet program for estimating two-compartment intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters by least squares linear regression analysis.	a microcomputer program using an electronic spreadsheet program was developed to calculate pharmacokinetic values of thiacetarsamide sodium, a drug used to kill the adult heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) parasite of the dog. a least squares, semilogarithmic regression analysis was done on data using a two compartment intravenous model. the data entered includes the time after injection and the drug concentration at that time. a graph of the points can be viewed or plotted, with the time on the x- ...	1986	3755122
quantitative buffy coat analysis of blood collected from dogs, cats, and horses.	using quantitative buffy coat analysis (qbca), rapid and accurate measurements can be made of the erythrocyte pcv, total wbc count, and platelet count, and the leukocyte population can be differentiated into total granulocytes (including quantitation of eosinophils), and lymphocytes and monocytes. the qbca is performed by placing a blood sample (50 to 111 microliters) into a high-precision-bore microhematocrit tube that contains a freely moving, closely fitting, cylindrical plastic float. after ...	1986	3759633
dirofilaria from the index finger of a man in costa rica.	a 4.5-cm male dirofilaria indistinguishable from d. immitis was removed from the tip of the index finger of an 18-year-old farmer in costa rica. the case is reminiscent of a report of a larger (9-cm) but otherwise similar dirofilaria, identified as d. spectans, a heartworm of otters, causing raynaud's syndrome by occluding an artery of the fifth finger of a farm woman in brazil. as in the present case, the worm was removed from a painful papule on the volar surface at the extreme tip of the affe ...	1986	3766857
comparative studies on the melanization response of male and female mosquitoes against microfilariae.	the melanization response of adult male and female aedes trivittatus and the black-eyed liverpool strain of aedes aegypti against intrathoracically inoculated dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) was assessed at 1, 3, and 5 days postinoculation (pi). the melanization reaction of males is significantly less effective than the response elicited by female mosquitoes. no mff in male a. aegypti and only 17% of mff recovered from a. trivittatus were fully melanized by day 5 pi compared with 80% and ...	1986	3770266
in vitro responses of bronchial spirals and parenchymal strips from healthy and heartworm-infected dogs.	bronchial spirals and pulmonary parenchymal strips from control (noninfected) and dirofilaria immitis-infected dogs were tested for isometric contractile response to histamine and carbamylcholine. responses of bronchial spirals from control dogs and from d immitis-positive groups did not differ in responses to histamine or carbamylcholine. parenchymal strips from d immitis-positive dogs showed greater response to histamine than did those from controls; responses to carbamylcholine did not differ ...	1986	3777648
ultrastructure of malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti infected with dirofilaria immitis.		1986	3782853
[experimental infection of aedes fluviatilis (lutz, 1904) by dirofilaria immitis (leidy, 1856)].		1986	3786853
dirofilaria infection in the breast of a woman in japan.	dirofilaria infection in the breast of a woman was reported from japan. a nodule in the breast was excised and histologically examined. the sections of a female nematode were found in the center of the nodule. based on the morphological features of this worm, it is suggested that this may represent the second human case of dirofilaria immitis occurring in the breast.	1986	3787304
delayed isotype switching in dirofilaria immitis infection.	the anti-microfilarial immunoglobulin response in dirofilaria immitis infection was investigated serially in a naturally infected dog. spontaneous clearance of microfilariae was associated with igm opsonizing antibodies which promoted in vitro killing of microfilariae by granulocytes. over a 6- to 11-month period, there was a shift to a predominantly igg response. the addition of fresh non-immune serum markedly enhanced killing mediated by both igm and igg. the findings document conversion from ...	1986	3787691
the prevalence of parasitic helminths in stray dogs in the baghdad area, iraq.	the prevalence of parasitic helminths in 20 stray dogs from the area of baghdad was recorded. taenia spp. were found in 12 dogs, dipylidium caninum in ten dogs, toxocara canis in eight dogs, ancylostoma caninum in seven dogs and echinococcus granulosus in five dogs. spirocerca lupi and dirofilaria immitis were found in three dogs, mesocestoides lineatus in two dogs and strongyloides stercoralis in one dog.	1986	3800471
survival and viability of dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in defined and undefined culture media.		1986	3806326
hemocyte cell surface changes in aedes aegypti in response to microfilariae of dirofilaria immitis.	this study involved the assessment of surface changes on hemocytes of aedes aegypti black-eyed liverpool strain in association with the melanization response against intrathoracically inoculated dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff). surface changes on hemocytes were identified using fluorescein-labeled wheat germ agglutinin (wga). in mosquitoes eliciting a melanization response against inoculated mff, there was a 5-fold increase in the percentages of hemocytes exhibiting wga binding compared ...	1986	3819964
further study on the potential vectors of dirofilaria in macon county, alabama.		1986	3819971
clinical application of milbemycin d as a prophylactic agent against dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs: clinical findings in dogs with shock-like reaction.		1986	3820920
clinical application of milbemycin d as a prophylactic agent against dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs: sensitivity for the drug in rough-coated collies.		1986	3820925
prophylactic efficacy of milbemycin d against multiple infection of dirofilaria immitis in dogs.		1986	3820927
serologic diagnosis of zoonotic pulmonary dirofilariasis.	four symptomatic and four asymptomatic patients with histologically confirmed zoonotic pulmonary dirofilariasis caused by dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm) were evaluated serologically. five patients had diagnostic indirect hemagglutination titers to d. immitis and six had positive findings by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. of the two patients that had nondiagnostic titers by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect hemagglutination, one had an encapsulated necrotic adult worm t ...	1986	3946430
canine dirofilaria immitis infection in a hyperenzootic area: examination by parasitologic findings at necropsy and by two serodiagnostic methods.	a total of 174 dogs from an area hyperenzootic for dirofilaria immitis were grouped into 4 age categories and necropsied; information was obtained on adult d immitis infections and on the presence of microfilariae. serum samples from these dogs were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibody to adult d immitis and by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for antibody to microfilarial surface antigens. in dogs less than or equal to 5 months of age, necropsy demon ...	1986	3954214
dirofilaria immitis: comparison of cytosolic and mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenases.	two membrane-bound glutamate dehydrogenases were found in adult dirofilaria immitis, an nad-linked enzyme (ec 1.4.1.2) in the cytosol (c-gdh) and an enzyme equally reactive with nad or nadp (ec 1.4.1.3) in the mitochondria (m-gdh). the cytosolic enzyme had a ph optimum of 7.8-8.0 and exhibited 30% more activity at 25 c than at 37 c (ph 8.0). the mitochondrial enzyme had a ph optimum at 8.4 and exhibited 27% more activity at 37 c than at 25 c (ph 8.4); it was also more sensitive to heat denaturat ...	1986	3956679
gametogenesis and fertilization in dirofilaria immitis (nematoda: filarioidea).	gametogenesis in dirofilaria immitis has been studied principally by means of the aceto-orcein chromosomal squash technique, but with additional ultrastructural observations. a terminal germinative zone, in which a continuous and rapid division of germ cells occurs, has been identified in the gonoduct of both male and female worms. approximately 20% of cells within these germinative zones were in arrested mitotic division following the incubation in vitro of excised gonads in 0.01% colchicine fo ...	1986	3960591
stimulation of neutrophil respiratory burst and iodination reaction by opsonized microfilariae of dirofilaria immitis.	it has been shown that the interaction of dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mf) opsonized with sera from infected but amicrofilaraemic dogs (occult dogs) stimulated the respiratory burst and degranulation of neutrophils as measured by chemiluminescence and iodination. sera from normal and microfilaraemic dogs gave either low level or non-significant reactions. since the sera required were also those required for neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity to d. immitis mf in vitro, the results suggested t ...	1986	3964136
dirofilaria immitis: diethylcarbamazine-induced anaphylactoid reactions in infected dogs.	the immunopathogenesis of the anaphylactoid mazzotti reactions has been studied by comparing physiologic and immunologic aspects of diethylcarbamazine-induced shock in dirofilaria immitis infected dogs with antigen induced anaphylaxis in infected and uninfected controls. filarial antigen, specific host igg antibody, and c1 and c3 complement levels were quantitatively measured over time in relation to the levels of histamine and prostaglandin d2 in the blood and changes in mean blood pressure. d. ...	1986	3458592
detection of circulating immune complexes in the sera of dogs infected with dirofilaria immitis, by clq-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	the presence of circulating immune complexes (cic) in the sera of dogs infected with dirofilaria immitis was detected by using a clq-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. specificity of this assay with different concentrations of heat-aggravated canine igg (acg) was observed, i.e., the elisa readings, expressed as microgram equivalents acg/ml, increased with increasing amounts of acg. the intra-assay variability was below 10%. the cic levels of infected and uninfected dogs were 177.0 +/- 10 ...	1986	3489032
natural transmission of dirofilaria immitis by aedes aegypti.	the liverpool strain of the mosquito aedes aegypti was infected with microfilariae of the canine heartworm, dirofilaria immitis, and was used to transmit heartworm larvae to three dogs. methods of confirming heartworm infection in these dogs included the modified knott's test, a commercial enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (elisa), an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test, and post-mortem examination.	1986	3507470
mansonella ozzardi in haiti. iv. evaluation of antibody reactivity to heterologous antigens.	sera from individuals in an area of haiti endemic for mansonella ozzardi were analyzed for reactivity to antigens of brugia pahangi, dirofilaria immitis, mansonella llewellyni or ascaris lumbricoides using either an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. igm and igg reactivity to all antigens was observed with sera from both microfilaremic and amicrofilaremic individuals when compared to reactivity of sera from individuals from nonendemic areas. antibod ...	1986	3513647
demonstration of carboxyl and thiol protease activities in adult schistosoma mansoni, dirofilaria immitis, angiostrongylus cantonensis and ascaris suum.	evidence has been presented showing two kinds of acidic protease activities in adult schistosoma mansoni, dirofilaria immitis, angiostrongylus cantonensis and ascaris suum. a haemoglobinolytic activity without adding any sh-containing compounds was maximal at ph 3.5, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 in s. mansoni, d. immitis, angiostrongylus cantonensis and ascaris suum respectively. the inhibitor studies demonstrated that this activity is ascribable to carboxyl protease(s). in the presence of dithiothreitol, a ...	1986	3517135
the ability of microfilariae to evade in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity.	when microfilariae (mf) of dirofilaria immitis, both uterine and systemic, were incubated in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay with neutrophils and sera from dogs with occult infections, some mf remained free of adherent cells and consequently evaded cytotoxicity. the ability to evade cytotoxicity could not be related to the age of the mf, and host albumin was not detected on any mf, either uterine or systemic. however, it was shown that some mf failed to bind igm, igg and c3 when incubated with oc ...	1986	3518267
detection of circulating parasite antigen in bancroftian filariasis by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.	we used counterimmunoelectrophoresis (ciep) with rabbit antibodies to dirofilaria immitis and brugia malayi to detect soluble filarial antigen in sera collected in a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic area in south india. filarial antigen was detected in 38 of 38 sera from microfilaremic patients, 3 of 48 sera from amicrofilaremic patients with lymphatic pathology, and 3 of 5 sera from former microfilaria carriers with negative blood examinations 6 months or more after diethylcarbamazine therapy. one ...	1986	3518508
purification and characterization of a neutrophil chemotactic factor from dirofilaria immitis.	a neutrophil chemotactic factor (ncf-di) was purified from a crude extract of dirofilaria immitis adult worm by a combination of anion-exchange chromatography on de52 and gel filtration on sephacryl s-200. ncf-di showed a single protein band by both polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) page. the molecular weight of ncf-di was estimated to be 17,000 by gel filtration on sephadex g-150, and 14,000 by sds-page. ncf-di was an acidic protein with isoelectric poin ...	1986	3525795
human and experimental anisakiasis in the united states.	in the past 13 years, 24 cases of anisakiasis have been reported in the united states. of these, 14 were infections by phocanema sp. and found in california and alaska, and most were of the tissue non-invasive type. the remaining 10 cases were infections by larvae of anisakis type i (l3 and l4). of these 10 cases, 4 were found on the west coast, 5 were on the east coast and one was in hawaii. in 3 of the 10 cases, the parasite invaded the digestive tract. a characteristic symptom of the throat n ...	1986	3527918
the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies against dirofilaria immitis in dogs.	antisera prepared in mice by injection of antigens from dirofilaria immitis, toxocara canis, dipylidium canium and fasciola hepatica and sera from dirofilaria-infected and non-infected dogs were tested at different dilutions using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). for this elisa, adult d. immitis antigen was fractionated by gel filtration methods and then absorbed with immunoadsorbent-fixed igg fractions from mouse sera immunized with various parasites. the results indicated satisfac ...	1986	3529601
use of parasite antigen detection to monitor the success of drug therapy in dirofilaria immitis-infected dogs.	recently the authors developed a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay for circulating dirofilaria immitis antigen and demonstrated its utility as a diagnostic tool for canine dirofilariasis. in the present study, serum parasite antigen measurements were used to monitor the success of thiacetarsamide therapy in 2 controlled trials that involved 24 naturally infected dogs. parasite antigen levels correlated significantly with adult worm burdens in untreated control dogs. antigen levels fel ...	1986	3543282
heartworm in dogs in canada in 1985.	in late december 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of dirofilaria immitis in canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).heartworm w ...	1986	17422691
heartworm in dogs in canada in 1986.	in late december 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of dirofilaria immitis in canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in ...	1987	17422840
canine heartworm disease: a review and pilot study.	canine heartworm disease is a mosquito vectored illness resulting from parasitization by the filariid worm dirofilaria immitis. while presenting some danger to humans, the filariid has its greatest impact on the canine population. in recent years the disease has become established throughout much of the united states, perhaps as the result of diffusion from a suspected hearth in the southeastern coastal plain. while its distribution is known in general terms, much research remains to be done to ...	1987	3547689
comparison of four serotests for the detection of dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs.	three hundred two dogs were tested with 4 serotests for heartworm antigen (ag) or antibody (ab) and with the knott test. the 4 serotests evaluated were an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for adult heartworm-specific ab (ab-elisa), a quantitative, indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) for adult heartworm-specific ab (ab-ifa), an ifa test for microfilaria (mf)-specific ab (mf-ifa), and an elisa for adult heartworm ag (ag-elisa). the presence of heartworms was ascertained in all dogs by ...	1987	3296891
dirofilaria immitis: identification and characterization of circulating parasite antigens.	a method for the identification of circulating parasite antigens in filarial nematode infections was developed using canine infections with dirofilaria immitis as a model. filarial antigens ranging in molecular weight from 211 to 13 kda were extracted from the sera of microfilaremic dogs by a solid phase immunobinding procedure and identified by immunostaining of western blots. a major antigen of 104 kda was selected for further characterization. the 104 kda circulating antigen showed antigenic ...	1987	3552713
identification and partial characterization of a parasite antigen in sera from humans infected with wuchereria bancrofti.	the purpose of this study was to identify and characterize soluble parasite antigens present in sera from humans infected with the filarial nematode wuchereria bancrofti. affinity chromatography and immunoblot methods were used to demonstrate a 200,000 m.w. circulating parasite antigen in sera from infected humans which corresponded to an antigen released by adult w. bancrofti during in vitro culture. two monoclonal antibodies were produced to this antigen by immunizing mice with antigens from d ...	1987	3553330
proteolytic cleavage of igg and other protein substrates by dirofilaria immitis microfilarial enzymes.	proteases were detected in aqueous extracts of dirofilaria immitis microfilariae. enzymes within the extract were capable of hydrolyzing azocoll, a general protease substrate, at ph's 7, 8, and 9. sensitivities to a variety of protease inhibitors indicated that multiple azocollytic enzymes were present in the extract, most prominent of which appear to belong to the serine class of proteases. by incorporating various substrates into the matrices of polyacrylamide gels, 2 sds-resistant, mercaptoet ...	1987	3553516
use of an antigen detection assay to determine mortality of dirofilaria immitis after thiacetarsamide therapy.	the use of an antigen detection enzyme immunoassay (eia) to determine the post-treatment infection status of 16 dogs naturally infected with dirofilaria immitis was investigated. dogs were treated with thiacetarsamide at a dose rate of 12mg/4.5kg twice daily for 2 days, bled at regular intervals and necropsied 9 weeks later. the infection status of all dogs at necropsy was compared to the ratios of optical density (od) values from the eia using fresh plasma samples (day 60/day 0 = r60) and dogs ...	1987	3555436
heartworm disease manifested by encephalomyelitis and myositis in a dog.	a 2-year-old boston terrier was referred because of depression and hindlimb and tail paresis. clinical examination and serum biochemical analysis resulted in a diagnosis of encephalomyelitis and myositis. results of testing for dirofilaria immitis were positive. gross and histologic examination revealed an aberrant adult heartworm infection resulting in thrombosis of the femoral artery and multiple muscular branches, with subsequent muscle necrosis and inflammation in one hindlimb. additionally, ...	1987	3558082
prophylactic activity of ivermectin against dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs: larvicidal activity of ivermectin against d. immitis larvae 30 days after infection.		1987	3573474
a study of atherosclerotic lesion development in the injured pulmonary arteries of dogs with induced hyperlipemia.	studies of experimental atherosclerosis in the dog demonstrate that many months at plasma cholesterol concentrations greater than 750 mg/dl are required to produce lipid containing atherosclerotic lesions. since it has been recognized for many years that vascular injury in combination with hyperlipemia will result in rapid formation of atherosclerotic lesions, we attempted to combine vascular injury with hyperlipemia as a means of accelerating this process in the dog. injury was produced in pulm ...	1987	3573720
heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) in the brain of a dog.		1987	3576940
phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin synthesis in adult dirofilaria immitis females.		1987	3583540
helminth parasites of the coyote (canis latrans) in tennessee.	from 1980 to 1984, 267 coyotes (canis latrans) from tennessee were examined for helminth parasites. hearts were examined for the presence of dirofilaria immitis, diaphragms for trichinella spiralis, and digestive tracts for other helminths. six species were found including 5 nematodes (d. immitis, physaloptera rara, trichuris vulpis, ancylostoma caninum, and toxascaris leonina) and 1 cestode (taenia pisiformis). univariate and multivariate statistical techniques were used to assess parasite prev ...	1987	3585628
in vitro culture of dirofilaria immitis third- and fourth-stage larvae under defined conditions.	the objective of the present study was to define culture conditions under which larval dirofilaria immitis would molt, grow, and survive. third-stage larvae (l3) survived for over 3 wk with a molt rate of up to 95% in a variety of media supplemented with fetal calf serum. bovine albumin, added to several media at concentrations of 10-30 mg/ml, also proved to be an effective culture supplement for the induction of molting and for supporting larval survival. two gas phases were tested, 5% co2/95% ...	1987	3585632
cell adherence to microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus: a comparative study.	the conditions were examined for in vitro antibody-mediated adherence of granulocytes to microfilariae of onchocera volvulus and dirofilaria immitis. reactivity in human sera from patients in endemic foci in sudan was specific for o. volvulus and no reactions were observed with heterologous onchocerca species or with mansonella perstans. microfilariae from skin, nodules or adult female worms were satisfactory targets for cell adherence, and the cells involved were almost exclusively eosinophils. ...	1987	3595320
development of brugia malayi and dirofilaria immitis in aedes aegypti: effect of the host's nutrition.	the purpose of the study was to establish the importance of single and multiple blood meals taken by a vector in the development of larval filariae, dwelling in tissues other than the fat body. the black eye strain of aedes aegypti was used as experimental vector for brugia malayi and dirofilaria immitis, filariae species which develop in the flight muscles and malphighian tubules respectively. under similar conditions, both filariae species molted for the first time on the 6th day and a second ...	1987	3602836
prophylactic activity of ivermectin against dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs: establishment of effective dose and administration schedule.		1987	3613343
clinical studies on canine dirofilarial hemoglobinuria: changes in right heart hemodynamics inducing heartworm migration from pulmonary artery.		1987	3613347
[a human case of pulmonary dirofilariasis suspected to be lung cancer].	a 50-year-old man in kitakyushu city visited a hospital for evaluation of an opacity in a routine chest x-ray film. after examinations by bronchoscopy and chest roentgenography, a clear coin lesion was found in the middle lobe of the right lung and was suspected to be a lung cancer. a right thoracotomy was performed to remove it. the lesion (10.6 x 9.8 mm) was a well-defined ellipsoid granuloma due to a foreign body with a central zone of necrosis surrounded entirely by a fibrous wall. in a cros ...	1987	3616266
lymphographic changes in young dogs after transplantation with adult worms of dirofilaria immitis into the abdominal cavity.	serial lymphographic studies were made in 4 dogs transplanted with adult worms of dirofilaria immitis. several changes of the lymphatic systems of the treated dogs such as dilatation, narrowing, tortuosity, backflow, collateral flow, leakage and lymphorrhea of lymphatics, as well as enlargement and filling defect of lymphnodes were observed at first 2 months after transplantation, comparing with the lymphograms before transplantation. lymphographies were repeated further 4 and 7 months after tra ...	1987	3626095
human dirofilariasis with reactive arthritis--case report and review of the literature.	a 43-year-old german man suffered from an insect bite, which was followed by a severe local inflammation and lymphadenitis. a year later, he developed dry cough, chest pain, and an oligoarthritis of the ankle and knee joints. while other causes of the symptoms could be excluded, serologic findings suggested a dirofilarial infection with reactive arthritis due to the parasite. the observation points out, that in cases of unclassifiable mono- or oligoarthritis, reactive arthritis due to parasites ...	1987	3626438
polyamine metabolism in filarial worms.	the human and animal filarial parasites onchocerca volvulus, dirofilaria immitis, brugia patei and litomosoides carinii contained low levels of putrescine but much higher levels of spermidine and spermine as estimated by ion-pair high pressure liquid chromatography; n-acetylated polyamines were present only in minute amounts. enzyme activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ec 4.1.1.17) and arginine decarboxylase (ec 4.1.1.19), respectively, were not detectable. experiments carried out with o. volv ...	1987	3627168
an ultrastructural study of dirofilaria immitis infection in the malpighian tubules of anopheles quadrimaculatus.	an ultrastructural study was conducted of the malpighian tubules of anopheles quadrimaculatus, both uninfected and following infection with dirofilaria immitis. the malpighian tubules in anopheles are composed of primary and stellate cells. the primary cells are the predominant cell type and are characterized by the presence of membrane-bound, intracellular, mineralized concretions and large apical microvilli containing mitochondria. following the infective blood meal, the microfilariae enter th ...	1987	3655998
characterization of an onchocerca-specific dna clone from onchocerca volvulus.	a genomic library of a savanna isolate of onchocerca volvulus was screened to detect recombinant plasmids containing highly repeated dna sequences of this parasite. four recombinant plasmids were identified which hybridized specifically to onchocerca dna, but not to dna from humans, black flies, brugia malayi, b. pahangi, or wuchereria bancrofti. the recombinant plasmids had a low level of homology to dirofilaria immitis. all recombinant plasmids contain related dna sequences based on southern h ...	1987	3661830
antifilarial effect of zingiber officinale on dirofilaria immitis.	dogs, naturally infected with dirofilaria immitis, were treated with the residues of the alcoholic extracts of the rhizomes of zingiber officinale (ginger). twelve subcutaneous injections of the extract given at 100 mg/kg reduced microfilarial concentration in blood by a maximum of 98%. fifty five days after the last injection there was 83% reduction in microfilarial concentration suggesting partial destruction of adult worms. half of the treated dogs showed some lethargy at the beginning of tre ...	1987	3668217
identity and tissue localization of free and conjugated ecdysteroids in adults of dirofilaria immitis and ascaris suum.	adult males and females of the dog heartworm, dirofilaria immitis, and of the swine parasite, ascaris suum, were extracted, the free and polar conjugated ecdysteroid fractions separated and the latter hydrolysed enzymically. the ecdysteroids released by hydrolysis of the conjugates and the free hormones were analysed by radioimmunoassay, high-performance liquid chromatography on reversed phase and adsorption columns monitoring fractions by radioimmunoassay, and by gas-liquid chromatography/mass ...	1987	3670345
parasites of stray dogs in the rabat region, morocco.	eighteen parasites were identified from 57 stray dogs from the urban and rural areas of rabat. the prevalence of the species of parasites was: ctenocephalides (c. canis, c. felis) 94.7%, rhipicephalus sanguineus 68.5%, linguatula serrata, babesia canis, isospora canis each 3.5%, toxocara canis 7%, dirofilaria immitis, taenia hydatigena, t. pisiformis each 12.3%, dipetalonema dracunculoides 10.5%, ancylostoma caninum 17.5% echinococcus granulosus 22.8%, toxascaris leonina 33.3%, dipylidium caninu ...	1987	3675044
[importation of the dog filariae dirofilaria immitis and dipetalonema reconditum into austria].		1987	3687286