Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| immunodominant epitopes in babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 that elicit memory cd4(+)-t-lymphocyte responses in b. bovis-immune individuals are located in the amino-terminal domain. | babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rap-1), which confers partial protection against b. bovis challenge, is recognized by antibodies and t lymphocytes from cattle that have recovered from infection and are immune to subsequent challenge. rap-1 is a 60-kda protein with an n-terminal (nt) region that contains four cysteine residues conserved among all babesia rap-1 family members and a c-terminal (ct) region that contains multiple, degenerate, tandem 23-amino-acid (aa) repeats. to define t ... | 2002 | 11895969 |
| molecular phylogenetic study of theileria sp. (thung song) based on the thymidylate synthetase gene. | theileria type thung song is an indigenous hemoparasite of dairy cattle from the south of thailand. it has previously been classified using the analysis of a comparative set of small subunit ribosomal rna nucleotide sequences. however, the classification of this parasite is still questionable since the theileria type thung song was located as the intermediate parasite between pathogenic and benign groups. we use the thymidylate synthetase gene (ts) as an alternative for the rapid molecular phylo ... | 2002 | 12051604 |
| in vitro cultivation of chinese strains of babesia spp. | microaerophilus stationary phase culture techniques were applied for the continuous cultivation of two chinese strains of babesia bovis and b. bigemina, to determine the efficacy of antibabesial drugs. the efficacy of chloroquine phosphate was 25 times higher than that of berenil. primaquine phosphate only partially reduced the parasitaemia. the results show that chinese babesia strains can be cultivated in vitro and that this culture system is useful for the screening of antibabesial drugs. | 2002 | 12051608 |
| cellular localization of babesia bovis merozoite rhoptry-associated protein 1 and its erythrocyte-binding activity. | the cellular localization of babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rap-1) and its erythrocyte-binding affinity were examined with anti-rap-1 antibodies. in an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test, rap-1 was detectable in all developmental stages of merozoites and in extracellular merozoites. in the early stage of merozoite development, rap-1 appears as a dense accumulation, which later thins out and blankets the host cell cytoplasm, but retains a denser mass around newly formed parasit ... | 2002 | 12228313 |
| babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 2 proteins are expressed on the merozoite and sporozoite surface, and specific antibodies inhibit attachment and invasion of erythrocytes. | the babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 2 (msa-2) locus encodes four proteins, msa-2a(1), -2a(2), -2b, and -2c. with the use of specific antibodies, each msa-2 protein was shown to be expressed on the surface of live extracellular merozoites and coexpression on single merozoites was confirmed. individual antisera against msa-2a, msa-2b, and msa-2c significantly inhibited merozoite invasion of bovine erythrocytes. as tick-derived sporozoites also directly invade erythrocytes, expression of ea ... | 2002 | 12379726 |
| tick-borne parasitic diseases in cattle: current knowledge and prospective risk analysis related to the ongoing evolution in french cattle farming systems. | parasitic diseases, like babesiosis and theileriosis are transmitted by ticks: their occurrence is therefore linked to the size of the tick stock and the seasonality of the vectors. babesia divergens bovine babesiosis transmitted by ixodes ricinus is widespread and often reported in france. serological prevalence is high, ranging from 20 to 80% according to the farms. clinical incidence is low: around 0.4% for the whole cattle population. the endemic situation is unstable and clinical cases occu ... | 2002 | 12387492 |
| intra-uterine infection with babesia bovis in a 2-day-old calf. | infection with babesia bovis was diagnosed in a 2-day-old female calf apparently transmitted in utero. the calf was born as the second calving to a cross-bred beef cow permanently on pasture. diagnosis was based upon identification of b. bovis in peripheral blood smears and clinical signs which included fever, jaundice, pale mucous membranes and convulsions. anaemia, leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia and lymphocytosis were noted at the febrile acute stage of the disease. the blood smears revealed e ... | 2003 | 12675895 |
| babesia bovis: adhesion of parasitized red blood cells to bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro does not select for virulence. | 2003 | 12880598 | |
| babesia bovis merozoites invade human, ovine, equine, porcine and caprine erythrocytes by a sialic acid-dependent mechanism followed by developmental arrest after a single round of cell fission. | babesia bovis infections have only been observed in bovine species in contrast to babesia divergens that also can infect humans, sheep and rodents. using an in vitro assay that assesses invasion of erythrocytes by free merozoites after a 1-h incubation period, it was shown that specificity is not determined by host-specific interactions associated with invasion. human erythrocytes were invaded more efficiently than bovine erythrocytes whereas erythrocytes of sheep, pigs and horses were invaded o ... | 2003 | 14636675 |
| competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a rhoptry-associated protein 1 epitope specifically identifies babesia bovis-infected cattle. | the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) format has proven to be an accurate, reliable, easily standardized, and high-throughput method for detecting hemoparasite infections. in the present study, a species-specific, broadly conserved, and tandemly repeated b-cell epitope within the c terminus of the rhoptry-associated protein 1 of the hemoparasite babesia bovis was cloned and expressed as a histidine-tagged thioredoxin fusion peptide and used as antigen in a celisa. the assay ... | 2003 | 12522037 |
| babesia bovis merozoite surface protein-2c (msa-2c) contains highly immunogenic, conserved b-cell epitopes that elicit neutralization-sensitive antibodies in cattle. | the search for vaccine candidates against bovine babesiosis caused by babesia bovis is greatly focused on the identification of merozoite surface-exposed antigens that are widely conserved, functionally relevant and immunodominant in cattle protected against b. bovis infections. we have recently identified msa-2c, a member of the b. bovis variable merozoite surface antigen (vmsa) gene family, which in contrast to other members, appears to be highly conserved among geographically distant b. bovis ... | 2003 | 12672522 |
| growth inhibitory effect of triclosan on equine and bovine babesia parasites. | we evaluated the growth inhibitory effect of triclosan, which has recently been reported to inhibit the growth of plasmodium species and toxoplasma gondii, on bovine and equine babesia parasites in in vitro cultures the growth of babesia bovis and b. bigemina was significantly inhibited in the presence of 100 microg/ml of triclosan, while b. caballi and b. equi were susceptible to as low as 50 microg/ml. babesia bigemina and b. caballi were completely cleared as early as on the first and second ... | 2003 | 12685641 |
| characterisation of erythrocyte invasion by babesia bovis merozoites efficiently released from their host cell after high-voltage pulsing. | apicomplexa are a phylum of obligate intracellular parasites critically dependent on invasion of a host cell. an in vitro assay for erythrocyte invasion by babesia bovis was established, employing free merozoites obtained after the application of high-voltage to the parasitised erythrocytes. the invasion proceeds efficiently in phosphate-buffered saline solution without the requirement for any serum or medium components. the kinetics of invasion can be measured over a time span of 5-60 min after ... | 2003 | 12737991 |
| immunity against boophilus annulatus induced by the bm86 (tick-gard) vaccine. | friesian cattle were immunized with two inoculations of anti-tick bm86 (tick-gard) vaccine and were challenged 30 or 90 d later with boophilus annulatus larvae derived from 1.2 g of eggs. no nymphs or adult ticks were found on the immunized cattle during four weeks after challenge. repeated infestations (2 to 4) with larvae on three other calves during a period of 160 and 390 d after the immunization did not result in development of nymphal and adult stages. in control, non-immunized cattle infe ... | 2003 | 14580066 |
| attainment of endemic stability to babesia bigemina in cattle on a south african ranch where non-intensive tick control was applied. | the seroprevalence of babesia bigemina and babesia bovis antibodies in non-vaccinated cattle was monitored on a south african ranch. the main objective was to assess the endemic stability to bovine babesiosis in cattle maintained under relaxed tick-control measures. cattle were bled at the age of 7, 8, 10, 17, 20 and 30-120 months and the sera tested for the presence of antibodies using the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test. none of the animals were positive to b. bovis. seroprevalence of ... | 2003 | 14580798 |
| pcr-based detection of the transovarial transmission of uruguayan babesia bovis and babesia bigemina vaccine strains. | bovine babesiosis is responsible for serious economic losses in uruguay. haemovaccines play an important role in disease prevention, but concern has been raised about their use. it is feared that the attenuated babesia bovis and babesia bigemina vaccine strains may be transmitted by the local tick vector boophilus microplus, and that reversion to virulence could occur. we therefore investigated the possibility that these strains could be transmitted via the transovarial route in ticks using a ba ... | 2003 | 14621315 |
| clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and clodinafop-propargyl inhibit the in vitro growth of babesia bigemina and babesia bovis (phylum apicomplexa). | we evaluated the growth inhibitory efficacy of the imidazole derivatives, clotrimazole (clt) and ketoconazole (kc), and the herbicide clodinafop-propargyl (cp), in in vitro cultures of babesia bovis and b. bigemina. clotrimazole was effective in a dose range of 15 to 60 microm (ic50: 11 and 23.5 microm), followed by kc (50 to 100 microm; ic50: 50 and 32 microm) and cp (500 microm; ic50: 265 and 390 microm). in transmission electron microscopy, extensive damage was observed in the cytoplasm of dr ... | 2003 | 14636017 |
| coexistence of antibodies to tick-borne agents of babesiosis and lyme borreliosis in patients from cotia county, state of são paulo, brazil. | this paper reports a case of coinfection caused by pathogens of lyme disease and babesiosis in brothers. this was the first case of borreliosis in brazil, acquired in cotia county, state of s o paulo, brazil. both children had tick bite history, presented erythema migrans, fever, arthralgia, mialgia, and developed positive serology (elisa and western-blotting) directed to borrelia burgdorferi g 39/40 and babesia bovis antigens, mainly of igm class antibodies, suggestive of acute disease. also, h ... | 2003 | 12886408 |
| stimulation of t-helper cell gamma interferon and immunoglobulin g responses specific for babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rap-1) or a rap-1 protein lacking the carboxy-terminal repeat region is insufficient to provide protective immunity against virulent b. bovis challenge. | rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rap-1) is a targeted vaccine antigen for babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infections of cattle. the 60-kda b. bovis rap-1 is recognized by antibodies and t lymphocytes from cattle that recovered from infection and were immune to subsequent challenge. immunization with native or recombinant protein was reported to reduce parasitemias in challenged animals. we recently reported that the nt domain of b. bovis rap-1 contained immunodominant t-cell epitopes, whereas th ... | 2003 | 12933845 |
| overcoming constraints to meeting increased demand for babesia bigemina vaccine in australia. | demand for live trivalent tick fever vaccine containing babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma centrale produced by the department of primary industries, queensland, has increased from less than 10,000 doses in 1988 to 500,000 doses in 2001. this paper describes a series of trials aimed at overcoming certain constraints to obtain b. bigemina parasitised erythrocytes (pes) on a large enough scale from infected splenectomised calves to meet the demand. passage through a series of splenectom ... | 2003 | 12935736 |
| serological and parasitological study and report of the first case of human babesiosis in colombia. | a study on the presence of babesia in humans was performed in puerto berr o (latitude 6.50deg. longitude: -74.38deg. river: magdalena. area: 74.410km , colombia-south america). indirect immunofluorescence, thin and thick blood smears were used to study 194 individuals. patients were grouped according to their risk-factors for babesia infection: (group 1) individuals with fever, chills, sweating and other malaria-type symptoms; (group 2) symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals from local cattle ... | 2003 | 12937727 |
| the innate immune response in calves to boophilus microplus tick transmitted babesia bovis involves type-1 cytokine induction and nk-like cells in the spleen. | the innate immune response to babesia bovis infection in cattle is age-related, spleen-dependent and, in stabilate inoculated calves, has type-1 characteristics, including the early induction of il-12 and ifn-gamma. in this study with three calves, parameters of innate immunity were followed for 2 weeks after tick transmission of b. bovis. each calf survived the acute disease episode without drug intervention, and responded with increased levels of plasma interferon-gamma and type-1 cytokine exp ... | 2003 | 12940961 |
| detection of babesia bovis in cattle by pcr-elisa. | we established a new highly sensitive method, pcr-elisa, for the dectection of babesia bovis in cattle for farms in thailand. the detection of around 2.4 x 10(-8)% parasitemia (equivalent to 1 infected erythrocyte per 2 ml) was achieved by pcr amplification followed by the elisa detection of a biotin tagged gene. when comparing the sensitivity of pcr-elisa with the microscopic method, our pcr-elisa method is more sensitive than thin blood smears by at least 1,000 times. the established pcr-elisa ... | 2003 | 15115083 |
| serological evidence of exposure to tick fever organisms in young cattle on queensland dairy farms. | to compare the features of farms on which the exposure of young cattle to tick fever organisms is sufficient to ensure that immunity is high and the risk of clinical disease is low (endemic stability) with those of farms on which exposure is insufficient to induce widespread immunity (hence without endemic stability); to examine the relationships between the management of ticks and tick fever, and endemic stability to babesia bovis, b. bigemina and anaplasma marginale. | 2003 | 15080428 |
| erythrocyte invasion by babesia bovis merozoites is inhibited by polyclonal antisera directed against peptides derived from a homologue of plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1. | apical membrane antigen 1 (ama-1) is a micronemal protein secreted to the surface of merozoites of plasmodium species and toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in order to fulfill an essential but noncharacterized function in host cell invasion. here we describe cloning and characterization of a babesia bovis ama-1 homologue designated bbama-1. the overall level of similarity of bbama-1 to p. falciparum ama-1 was low (18%), but characteristic features like a transmembrane domain near the c terminus, a p ... | 2004 | 15102807 |
| sensitive and specific detection of proviral bovine leukemia virus by 5' taq nuclease pcr using a 3' minor groove binder fluorogenic probe. | sensitive assays are required to detect proviral bovine leukemia virus (blv) in donor cattle used for the in vivo preparation of australian tick fever vaccines. 5' taq nuclease assays using 3' minor groove binder dna probes (taqmanmgb) were developed and compared to conventional pcr assays for sensitive detection of australian blv. seven beef and dairy herds were screened using dna prepared by a variety of protocols to evaluate these tests. comparative sensitivities of pcr tests were determined ... | 2004 | 14667532 |
| antigenic variation and cytoadhesion in babesia bovis and plasmodium falciparum: different logics achieve the same goal. | babesia bovis is a protozoal hemoparasite of cattle which behaves in certain crucial respects like plasmodium falciparum, despite being phylogenetically distant and having many differences in its life cycle. the shared behavioral attributes of rapid antigenic variation and cytoadhesion/sequestration are thought to contribute significantly to immune evasion, establishment of persistent infections, and disease pathology. although differing in their genetic and biochemical strategies for achieving ... | 2004 | 14747140 |
| application of a reverse line blot assay to the study of haemoparasites in cattle in uganda. | recent advances in genomic technology have focused many veterinary researchers on the possibility of producing one multivalent recombinant vaccine against all the haemoparasites that infect cattle in the tropics. before such a vaccine is developed it is essential to define target cattle populations as well as the range of anti-pathogen vaccines required in order to control disease. to further this objective, we have evaluated a reverse line blot (rlb) assay, which simultaneously detects the prin ... | 2004 | 15064125 |
| improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using c-terminal truncated recombinant antigens of babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein-1 for detection of specific antibodies. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on a recombinant rhoptry-associated protein-1 (rap-1) of babesia bovis has been previously developed, but it was imperfect because some cross-reactions were still present in babesia bigemina-infected bovine sera. to improve its accuracy for the specific detection of the antibodies to b. bovis, we constructed three c-terminal truncated recombinant antigens of the rap-1-rct1 (amino acids [aa] 301 to 408), rct2 (aa 388 to 490), and rct3 (aa 466 to ... | 2004 | 15071011 |
| disease survey of free-ranging grey brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) in the gran chaco, bolivia. | samples from 17 free-ranging hunter-killed grey brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) in the gran chaco, bolivia, were collected during june-august 1999. all 17 deer appeared to be in good condition at the time of death. gross necropsies were performed, serum was collected for serologic evaluation of selected infectious disease agents, and feces and ectoparasites were collected for evaluation of internal and external parasites. serologic tests were positive for antibodies against bovine respiratory ... | 2004 | 15137493 |
| a babesia bovis merozoite protein with a domain architecture highly similar to the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (trap) present in plasmodium sporozoites. | recognition and invasion of host cells is a key step in the life-cycle of all apicomplexan parasites. the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (trap) of plasmodium sporozoites is directly involved in both processes and shares conserved adhesive domains with micronemal transmembrane proteins of other apicomplexans. here, we report the cloning and characterization of a babesia bovis trap homologue (bbtrap). it was predicted to be a type 1 transmembrane protein containing a von willebrand facto ... | 2004 | 15138064 |
| effect of diminazene block treatment on live redwater vaccine reactions. | one third of the manufacturer's prescribed dose of diminazene has long been used to block treat the south african unfrozen babesia bigemina and babesia bovis (redwater) vaccine reactions, with no known adverse effects. it is known that the inhibitory effect of antibabesial drugs is more pronounced in animals inoculated with the frozen vaccine than those with the unfrozen vaccine. reports of vaccine failures in some animals in which diminazene was used for block treatment of the reactions followi ... | 2004 | 15373333 |
| intergenic regions in the rhoptry associated protein-1 (rap-1) locus promote exogenous gene expression in babesia bovis. | members of the babesiarap-1 gene family are expressed during multiple parasite stages, and are regulated by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. in all babesia species, tandemly arranged rap-1 gene copies are separated by an intergenic (ig) region that is hypothesized to regulate gene expression. in this study, we tested that hypothesis by determining whether the babesia bovisrap-1 ig region could promote extra-chromosomal expression of exogenous genes introduced into merozo ... | 2004 | 15380689 |
| identification of a coronin-like protein in babesia species. | the present study was designed to immunochemically identify a coronin-like protein in babesia bovis, b. bigemina, b. divergens, and b. canis. a 2-kbp cdna insert of b. bovis carried by plasmid bvn9 was sequenced by the dideoxichain-termination method on both strands. the cdna insert contained a 1719-bp long open reading frame coding for a deduced protein sequence of 61.7 kda. sequence analysis using the psi-blast program revealed about 30% protein sequence identity with a coronin-like protein of ... | 2004 | 15604480 |
| identification of babesia bovis l-lactate dehydrogenase as a potential chemotherapeutical target against bovine babesiosis. | in this study, we characterized a novel babesia bovis cdna clone obtained by immunoscreening the cdna expression phage library with b. bovis-infected bovine serum. the genetic analyses showed that it contained an open reading frame of 993 bp, which was considered to encode b. bovis l-lactate dehydrogenase (bbldh: e.c. 1.1.1.27) because of the strikingly high amino acid identities of its gene product to the ldhs of plasmodium falciparum and toxoplasma gondii. immunological analyses with the anti- ... | 2004 | 15478796 |
| progression towards endemic stability to bovine babesiosis in cattle introduced onto a game ranch. | an opportunity to study progression toward endemic stability to babesia bigemina arose when cattle were reintroduced onto a game ranch in 1999 after an absence of three years. the study was conducted between august 2000 and june 2001. the unvaccinated breeding cows were sampled only once. calves born during october 1999 were initially vaccinated against b. bigemina and babesia bovis at the age of 4 months and were then bled at 10, 17 and 20 months of age. calves born during 2000 were bled at 7 a ... | 2004 | 15732461 |
| field challenge of cattle vaccinated with a combined babesia bovis and babesia bigemina frozen immunogen. | to determine the optimal dose of a combined, frozen immunogen containing in vitro culture-derived strains of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina, twenty-four 14-month-old bos taurus steers from a boophilus microplus-free area in northern mexico were used in this experiment. cattle were randomly allocated into six groups with four animals each, and were intramuscularly inoculated as follows: group 1 (control animals) were administered with normal bovine erythrocytes; group 2 received 1 x 10(7) b. ... | 2004 | 15604506 |
| conservation of babesia bovis small heat shock protein (hsp20) among strains and definition of t helper cell epitopes recognized by cattle with diverse major histocompatibility complex class ii haplotypes. | babesia bovis small heat shock protein (hsp20) is recognized by cd4+ t lymphocytes from cattle that have recovered from infection and are immune to challenge. this candidate vaccine antigen is related to a protective antigen of toxoplasma gondii, hsp30/bag1, and both are members of the alpha-crystallin family of proteins that can serve as molecular chaperones. in the present study, immunofluorescence microscopy determined that hsp20 is expressed intracellularly in all merozoites. importantly, hs ... | 2004 | 14742557 |
| babesia divergens (phylum apicomplexa) in vitro growth in the presence of calf serum. | resistance to severe babesiosis in young calves has frequently been ascribed to an unknown serum factor(s) which inhibits growth of babesia bovis in vitro. our experiments show that young calf sera are as suitable as adult bovine sera for the in vitro culture of babesia divergens, indicating that in this species at least inverse age resistance is due to alternative mechanisms. the suitability of commercial foetal calf sera for b. divergens cultures seems highly variable. | 2004 | 15177717 |
| immune response to babesia bigemina infection in pregnant cows. | babesiosis is a tick-borne disease of cattle caused by babesia bigemina and babesia bovis and is transmitted by the tick vector boophilus microplus. in this study, we investigate b. bigemina infection regarding the clinical infection, t cell distribution, and cytokine profile during the acute phase of an experimental infection in pregnant cows. | 2004 | 15604509 |
| babesiosis of cattle. | tick fever or cattle fever (babesiosis) is economically the most important arthropod-borne disease of cattle worldwide with vast areas of australia, africa, south and central america and the united states continuously under threat. tick fever was the first disease for which transmission by an arthropod to a mammal was implicated at the turn of the twentieth century and is the first disease to be eradicated from a continent (north america). this review describes the biology of babesia spp. in the ... | 2004 | 15938514 |
| growth-inhibitory effect of heparin on babesia parasites. | we examined the inhibitory effects of three heparins on the growth of babesia parasites. the multiplication of babesia bovis, b. bigemina, b. equi, and b. caballi in in vitro cultures and that of b. microti in vivo were significantly inhibited in the presence of heparins, as determined by light microscopy. treatment with various concentrations of heparin showed complete clearance of the intracellular parasites. interestingly, a higher percentage of abnormally multidividing b. bovis parasites was ... | 2004 | 14693545 |
| an amino acid substitution in the babesia bovis dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene is correlated to cross-resistance against pyrimethamine and wr99210. | the genomic locus and cdna encoding babesia bovis dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (dhfr-ts) were cloned and sequenced. a single dhfr-ts gene, composed of four exons, encodes a 511 aa protein that is most closely related to plasmodium falciparum dhfr-ts. the genomic locus is characterized by the presence of four other genes of which at least three are expressed during the erythrocytic cycle. three of the genes were highly conserved in closely related theileria species and for two of ... | 2004 | 14698433 |
| prevalence of blood parasites in cattle from wilayates of annaba and el tarf east algeria. | between june and september 2002, a preliminary study was conducted to assess the prevalence of blood parasites of cattle in eastern algeria. fifty-four bovines of different genotypes were submitted to clinical examination. from each animal, blood smears were made and stained by giemsa. four species of parasites, namely theileria annulata, t. orientalis, babesia bovis and anaplasma marginale were encountered. fifty animals carried single or multiple infections with blood parasites and four were f ... | 2004 | 16929762 |
| use of a monoclonal antibody against babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen-2c for the development of a competitive elisa test. | bovine babesiosis caused by babesia bovis is a disease that hampers the production of beef and dairy cattle in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. new diagnostic methods based on recombinant antigens constitute valuable biotechnological tools for the strategic control of this disease. we have developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that includes a recombinant form of the merozoite surface antigen-2c and a novel monoclonal antibody against it. preliminary results show ... | 2004 | 15604488 |
| cross-sectional estimation of babesia bovis antibody prevalence in cattle in two contrasting dairying areas in tanzania. | the crude prevalence of antibodies to babesia bovis infection in cattle was estimated by serology using indirect elisa during the period january to april, 1999. sera were obtained from 1,395 dairy cattle (of all ages, sexes and breeds) on smallholder farms, the majority being kept under a zero grazing regime. the crude prevalence of antibodies to babesia bovis was 6 % for tanga and 12 % for iringa. the forces of infection based on the age sero-prevalence profile, were estimated at six for iringa ... | 2004 | 15580770 |
| reverse line blotting: a new technique for the sensitive detection of tick borne pathogens. | recently, a new molecular diagnostic technique for tick borne pathogens has been developed and is called reverse line blotting. this paper outlines the basis of this method and then illustrates its use for the analysis of blood samples obtained from ugandan cattle and buffalo. the sensitivity and the specificity are discussed in relation to the use of this technique in the maghreb | 2004 | 16929766 |
| pcr-based detection of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in their natural host boophilus microplus and cattle. | pcr and nested-pcr methods were used to assess the frequency of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infection in boophilus microplus engorged females and eggs and in cattle reared in an area with endemic babesiosis. blood and the engorged female ticks were from 27 naturally infested calves and 25 crossbred cows. the frequency of both babesia species was similar in calves and cows (p>0.05). babesia bovis was detected in 23 (85.2%) calves and in 25 (100%) cows and b. bigemina was detected in 25 (92 ... | 2005 | 15619521 |
| the impact of 2 dipping systems on endemic stability to bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle in 4 communally grazed areas in limpopo province, south africa. | a 12-month study was conducted in 4 communal grazing areas in the bushbuckridge region, limpopo province, south africa. the main objective was to investigate the impact of reduced acaricide application on endemic stability to bovine babesiosis (babesia bigemina and babesia bovis) and anaplasmosis (anaplasma marginale) in the local cattle population. to this end 60 cattle in each communal grazing area were bled at the beginning and the conclusion of the experimental period and their sera were ass ... | 2005 | 16642719 |
| bmigi: a database of cdnas expressed in boophilus microplus, the tropical/southern cattle tick. | we used an expressed sequence tag approach to initiate a study of the genome of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus. a normalized cdna library was synthesized from pooled rna purified from tick larvae which had been subjected to different treatments, including acaricide exposure, heat shock, cold shock, host odor, and infection with babesia bovis. for the acaricide exposure experiments, we used several strains of ticks, which varied in their levels of susceptibility to pyrethroid, orga ... | 2005 | 15857764 |
| serological survey of babesia bovis and anaplasma marginale in cattle in tete province, mozambique. | a serological survey of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in communal cattle was conducted in the northwestern province of tete, mozambique. blood was collected from cattle ranging from 4 to 15 months old from randomly selected farms from six districts. thirty-nine per cent of all 478 calves tested in tete province were seropositive to the elisa for babesia bovis antibodies and 63% of all calves were seropositive in the card agglutination test for anaplasma marginale. seroprevalence of b. bovis ... | 2005 | 15742867 |
| structural implications of novel diversity in eucaryal rnase p rna. | previous eucaryotic rnase p rna secondary structural models have been based on limited diversity, representing only two of the approximately 30 phylogenetic kingdoms of the domain eucarya. to elucidate a more generally applicable structure, we used biochemical, bioinformatic, and molecular approaches to obtain rnase p rna sequences from diverse organisms including representatives of six additional kingdoms of eucaryotes. novel sequences were from acanthamoeba (acathamoeba castellanii, balamuthia ... | 2005 | 15811915 |
| vaccination of older bos taurus bulls against bovine babesiosis. | two separate groups of bos taurus bulls, one of 106 and the second of 27 animals, imported to israel from areas free of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina, were vaccinated against babesiosis with a bivalent live attenuated vaccine. in light of the fact that routine vaccination is recommended at the weaning age, these bulls--of highly susceptible breeds--were kept under close surveillance to prevent losses that might be caused by severe clinical reactions to their vaccination at the age of 16-18 ... | 2005 | 15845278 |
| babesia spp. infection in boophilus microplus engorged females and eggs in sao paulo state, brazil. | babesia spp. infections were investigated in bos taurus x bos indicus dairy cows and calves and in boophilus microplus engorged female ticks and eggs. blood samples and engorged female ticks were collected from 25 cows and 27 calves. babesia spp. was detected in ticks by microscopic examination of hemolymph of engorged female and by squashes of egg samples. cattle infection was investigated in blood thin smears and by dna amplification methods (pcr and nested pcr), using specific primers for bab ... | 2005 | 15893070 |
| a longitudinal study of sero-conversion to tick-borne pathogens in smallholder dairy youngstock in tanzania. | a longitudinal study of sero-conversion of youngstock to the tick-borne pathogens theileria parva, t. mutans, anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and b. bovis was conducted over two years on smallholder dairy farms in tanga region, tanzania. there was evidence of maternal antibodies to all tick-borne pathogens in animals less than 18 weeks of age. seroprevalence increased as expected with age in animals older than this but seroprevalence profiles underestimated the force of infection due to wa ... | 2005 | 15936149 |
| hsp20, a novel alpha-crystallin, prevents abeta fibril formation and toxicity. | beta-amyloid (abeta) is a major protein component of senile plaques in alzheimer's disease, and is neurotoxic when aggregated. the size of aggregated abeta responsible for the observed neurotoxicity and the mechanism of aggregation are still under investigation; however, prevention of abeta aggregation still holds promise as a means to reduce abeta neurotoxicity. in research presented here, we show that hsp20, a novel alpha-crystallin isolated from the bovine erythrocyte parasite babesia bovis, ... | 2005 | 15722443 |
| development of detection methods for ruminant interleukin (il)-4. | recombinant bovine il-4 (rbo il-4) was transiently expressed in cos-7 cells. mice were immunised with a plasmid encoding rbo il-4 and boosted with rbo il-4. a number of monoclonal antibodies (mab) were generated that reacted with rbo il-4 in an elisa and these cloned hybridomas were termed cc311, cc312, cc313 and cc314. a pair of mab (cc313 and cc314) was identified that together could be used to detect both recombinant and native bovine il-4 by elisa and a luminometric detection method was appl ... | 2005 | 15979636 |
| host serum modifies the drug susceptibility of babesia bovis in vitro. | babesia parasites generally require a defined percentage of serum in the culture medium for their in vitro growth. in this study, we attempted to culture babesia bovis in a serum-free condition. the growth pattern and morphology of b. bovis in serum-free (plain) git medium were unaltered as compared to those of the standard growth condition containing 40% bovine serum in m199. when exposed to the test drugs, the parasite in plain git medium showed clearly lower ic50 values than those in 40% seru ... | 2005 | 15991491 |
| spatial and management factors associated with exposure of smallholder dairy cattle in tanzania to tick-borne pathogens. | a cross-sectional study of serum antibody responses of cattle to tick-borne pathogens (theileria parva, theileria mutans,anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and babesia bovis) was conducted on smallholder dairy farms in tanga and iringa regions of tanzania. seroprevalence was highest for t. parva (48% in iringa and 23% in tanga) and b. bigemina (43% in iringa and 27% in tanga) and lowest for b. bovis (12% in iringa and 6% in tanga). we use spatial and non-spatial models, fitted using classical ... | 2005 | 16023121 |
| cellular adhesive phenomena in apicomplexan parasites of red blood cells. | the apicomplexan parasites babesia and plasmodium are related, yet phylogenetically distinct haemoprotozoa that infect red blood cells and cause severe diseases of major human and veterinary importance. a variety of cellular and molecular interactions are pivotal in many aspects of the pathogenicity of these two parasites. comparison of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that culminate in accumulation of parasitised red blood cells in the microvasculature of cattle infected with babesia bovis ... | 2005 | 16087297 |
| sequence variation and immunologic cross-reactivity among babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 proteins from vaccine strains and vaccine breakthrough isolates. | the babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 (msa-1) is an immunodominant membrane glycoprotein that is the target of invasion-blocking antibodies. while antigenic variation has been demonstrated in msa-1 among strains from distinct geographical areas, the extent of sequence variation within a region where it is endemic and the effect of variation on immunologic cross-reactivity have not been assessed. in this study, sequencing of msa-1 from two australian b. bovis vaccine strains and 14 breakt ... | 2005 | 16113254 |
| intrahaplotype and interhaplotype pairing of bovine leukocyte antigen dqa and dqb molecules generate functional dq molecules important for priming cd4(+) t-lymphocyte responses. | antigen-specific cd4(+) t-lymphocyte responses are restricted by major histocompatibility complex class ii molecules, which influence t-cell priming during infection. human leukocyte antigen (hla) and bovine leukocyte antigen (bola) drb3 and dq genes are polymorphic, but unlike hla, many bola haplotypes have duplicated dq genes, and antibody-blocking studies indicated that bola-dq molecules present various pathogen epitopes. limited experimentation also suggested that bola-dq molecules formed by ... | 2005 | 16220347 |
| merozoite surface antigen 2 proteins of babesia bovis vaccine breakthrough isolates contain a unique hypervariable region composed of degenerate repeats. | the merozoite surface antigen 2 (msa-2) proteins of babesia bovis are members of the variable merozoite surface antigen (vmsa) family that have been implicated in erythrocyte invasion and are important targets for antibody-mediated blocking of invasion. extensive sequence variation in another vmsa member, msa-1, has been shown in all vaccine breakthrough isolates. to test the hypothesis that the msa-2 genes of vaccine breakthrough isolates would also encode a diverse set of proteins, the complet ... | 2005 | 16239512 |
| potential for recombinant babesia bovis antigens to protect against a highly virulent isolate. | two antigens from babesia bovis,12d3 and 11c5, were expressed and purified as recombinant proteins in escherichia coli and used to vaccinate groups of six babesia-susceptible cattle. these were subsequently challenged with a highly virulent strain of b. bovis. all cattle showed symptoms of disease and most required treatment. cattle vaccination groups receiving either 12d3 or 11c5 or a combination of both, reduced parasitaemia by approximately fourfold and a number of individual animals appeared ... | 2005 | 16255742 |
| serological survey of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, and anaplasma marginale antibodies in cattle from the semi-arid region of the state of bahia, brazil, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | the objectives of this work were to determine the prevalence of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, and anaplasma marginale detecting antibodies in cattle raised in the semi-arid region of the state of bahia, brazil, through indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and to compare the performances of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with crude (i-elisa-cranaag) and recombinant major surface protein-5 (i-elisa-msp-5ag), as antigens to detect antibodies against a. marginale. an s ... | 2005 | 16302060 |
| antigenic variation by protozoan parasites: insights from babesia bovis. | antigenic variation of surface membrane proteins by protozoan parasites enables these pathogenic organisms to avoid host immune responses and thus perpetuate long-term infections. babesia bovis, the causative agent of severe babesiosis in cattle, was previously shown to undergo antigenic variation through modifications to its primary surface antigen, a protein called vesa1. in this issue, al-khedery and allred provide a detailed description of the genes that encode vesa1 and present convincing e ... | 2006 | 16390434 |
| comparison of different direct diagnostic methods to identify babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in animals vaccinated with live attenuated parasites. | blood smear examination, flow cytometry, duplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and duplex nested pcr (npcr) were evaluated for detection of babesia bigemina and babesia bovis infections in cattle vaccinated with live attenuated strains. two groups of four cattle were immunized with either b. bigemina (bi) or b. bovis (bo). on day 23 post inoculation (pi), bi cattle were vaccinated with b. bovis (bibo) and bo cattle were vaccinated with b. bigemina (bobi). babesia bigemina was first detected by ... | 2006 | 16580136 |
| bovine splenic nk cells synthesize ifn-gamma in response to il-12-containing supernatants from babesia bovis-exposed monocyte cultures. | the spleen is a critical effector organ functioning, in haemoparasitic diseases like babesiosis, to destroy the pathogen and clear the host of infected erythrocytes. it has an important role in both innate responses and adaptive immune responses. young calves demonstrate a strong spleen-dependent innate response to an initial infection with babesia bovis involving the type-1 regulating cytokines il-12 and ifn-gamma. however, the specific splenic cell types that produce ifn-gamma in response to i ... | 2006 | 16629708 |
| expression of c-terminal truncated and full-length babesia bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1 and their potential use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | recombinant antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the serological diagnosis of babesia bigemina infection by using a full-length b. bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rrap-1) and the truncated c-terminal rap-1 (rrap-1/ct). while the rrap-1 showed cross reactivity between b. bigemina- and babesia bovis-infected bovine sera, the rrap-1/ct was highly specific to b. bigemina-infected bovine sera and proved useful in the detection of sequential sera collected f ... | 2006 | 16442735 |
| a novel 78-kda fatty acyl-coa synthetase (acs1) of babesia bovis stimulates memory cd4+ t lymphocyte responses in b. bovis-immune cattle. | antigen-specific cd4+ t lymphocyte responses contribute to protective immunity against babesia bovis, however the antigens that induce these responses remain largely unknown. a proteomic approach was used to identify novel b. bovis antigens recognized by memory cd4+ t cells from immune cattle. fractions obtained from merozoites separated by continuous-flow electrophoresis (cfe) that contained proteins ranging from 20 to 83 kda were previously shown to stimulate memory cd4+ lymphocyte responses i ... | 2006 | 16469396 |
| effects of protein kinase inhibitors on the in vitro growth of babesia bovis. | staurosporine, ro-31-7549, and kn-93, which are inhibitors of serine/threonine protein kinase, protein kinase c, and calcium-modulin kinase, respectively, were tested for their effects on the in vitro growth of babesia bovis. staurosporine was the most effective inhibitor, completely clearing the parasitaemia as early as the first day of exposure at a concentration of 100 microm. moreover, staurosporine caused a significant increase in the percentage of extracellular merozoites, most likely due ... | 2006 | 16497251 |
| erythrocyte invasion by babesia parasites: current advances in the elucidation of the molecular interactions between the protozoan ligands and host receptors in the invasion stage. | during an asexual growth cycle of babesia parasites in a natural host, the extracellular merozoites invade (i.e., attach to, penetrate, and internalize) the host erythrocytes (rbc) via multiple adhesive interactions of several protozoan ligands with the target receptors on the host cell surface. after internalizing the host rbc, they asexually multiply, egress from the rbc by rupturing the host cells, and then invade the new rbc again. in the invasion stage, several surface-coating molecules of ... | 2006 | 16504403 |
| live vaccines against bovine babesiosis. | bovine babesiosis is an important tick-borne disease caused by babesia bovis, b. bigemina and b. divergens. the first steps taken in the development of an effective vaccination strategy against bovine babesiosis followed the observations that animals, recovered from natural infection with babesia were strongly protected against subsequent challenge. further investigation indicated that the use of donor blood from recovered animals to infect recipient animals did not produce the severe form of th ... | 2006 | 16504404 |
| sequencing a new target genome: the boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) genome project. | the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), causes annual economic losses in the hundreds of millions of dollars to cattle producers throughout the world, and ranks as the most economically important tick from a global perspective. control failures attributable to the development of pesticide resistance have become commonplace, and novel control technologies are needed. the availability of the genome sequence will facilitate the development of these new technologies, and we are p ... | 2006 | 16506442 |
| immune control of babesia bovis infection. | babesia bovis causes an acute and often fatal infection in adult cattle, which if resolved, leads to a state of persistent infection in otherwise clinically healthy cattle. persistently infected cattle are generally resistant to reinfection with related parasite strains, and this resistance in the face of infection is termed concomitant immunity. young animals are generally more resistant than adults to b. bovis infection, which is dependent on the spleen. despite the discovery of b. bovis over ... | 2006 | 16510249 |
| antigenic variation as an exploitable weakness of babesial parasites. | babesia bovis and its bovine host interact in many ways, resulting in a range of disease and infection phenotypes. host responses to the parasite elicit or select for a variety of responses on the part of the parasite, the full range of which is not yet known. one well-established phenomenon, thought to aid parasite survival by evasion of host adaptive immune responses, is the sequential expansion of antigenically variant populations during an infection, a phenomenon referred to as "antigenic va ... | 2006 | 16517078 |
| identity of the causal agents of human babesiosis in europe. | most cases of human babesiosis are caused either by babesia divergens in europe or babesia microti in america. b. microti, once regarded as a single species, occurs as a world-wide species complex and although both phenotypic and genotypic features lend support to suggestions that zoonotic b. microti may occur in europe, convincing medical evidence is lacking. several b. divergens-like parasites have emerged in the last few years, but 18s rrna gene analysis suggests that b. divergens 'sensu stri ... | 2006 | 16524772 |
| expressed sequence tag (est) analysis of the erythrocytic stages of babesia bovis. | expressed sequence tags (ests) provide an efficient way to identify large numbers of genes expressed in a specific stage of the life cycle of an organism. here we analysed approximately 13,000 ests derived from the erythrocytic stage of the apicomplexan parasite babesia bovis. the ests were clustered in order to obtain information on the expression level of a gene and to increase sequence length and reliability. a total of 3522 clusters were obtained and annotated using blast algorithms. the clu ... | 2006 | 16530971 |
| antigenic variation in babesia bovis occurs through segmental gene conversion of the ves multigene family, within a bidirectional locus of active transcription. | antigenic variation in babesia bovis is one aspect of a multifunctional virulence/survival mechanism mediated by the heterodimeric variant erythrocyte surface antigen 1 (vesa1) protein that also involves endothelial cytoadhesion with sequestration of mature parasitized erythrocytes. the ves1alpha gene encoding the vesa1a subunit was previously identified. in this study, we present the unique organization of the genomic locus from which ves1alpha is transcribed, and identify a novel branch of the ... | 2006 | 16390438 |
| characterization and gene expression of babesia bovis elongation factor-1alpha. | elongation factor 1 alpha (ef-1alpha) is a constitutively expressed, abundant protein that is a key element in eukaryotic protein translation. because of its high level of transcription, the ef-1alpha promoter has been utilised to drive exogenous gene expression in transfected cells. in this study, we identified and characterised the ef-1alpha locus of babesia bovis, a causative agent of bovine babesiosis, and examined the transcriptional activity of the ef-1alpha promoter. the ef-1alpha locus i ... | 2006 | 16677650 |
| molecular diagnosis of theileria and babesia species infecting cattle in northern spain using reverse line blot macroarrays. | piroplasmosis in cattle is caused by tick-borne haemoprotozoan parasites of the genera theileria and babesia. molecular detection techniques offer higher sensitivity and specificity than microscopy examination methods and serological tests. a reverse line blot (rlb) macroarray that included generic and species-specific probes for theileria annulata, theileria buffeli, babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, babesia divergens and babesia major was used to study the presence and identity of the piroplasm ... | 2006 | 16684356 |
| the babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 hypervariable region induces surface-reactive antibodies that block merozoite invasion. | a hypervariable region (hvr) previously identified in the carboxy-terminal one-third of the babesia bovis variable merozoite surface antigen family was more extensively analyzed in merozoite surface antigen 1 (msa-1) from 16 strains and isolates. the msa-1 hvr is proline rich and contains three semiconserved motifs nearly identical to those described for the related family member msa-2. two msa-1-specific monoclonal antibodies previously shown to be reactive with the merozoite surface bound to a ... | 2006 | 16714599 |
| a 38-kda protein from babesia gibsoni and its antibody response in an experimentally infected dog. | a cdna encoding the babesia bovis 12d3 antigen homologue was obtained by immunoscreening the expression library prepared from babesia gibsoni merozoite mrna. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene was 1406 bp. computer analysis suggested that the sequence contains an open reading frame of 1052 bp encoding an expected protein with a molecular weight of 36kda. based on homology analysis, this putative protein was designated as the b. gibsoni 12d3 antigen (bg12d3). the bg12d3 gene was express ... | 2006 | 16815635 |
| small heat shock proteins differentially affect abeta aggregation and toxicity. | beta-amyloid (abeta) is the primary protein component of senile plaques in alzheimer's disease (ad) and has been implicated in neurotoxicity associated with the disease. abeta aggregates readily in vitro and in vivo, and its toxicity has been linked to its aggregation state. prevention of abeta aggregation has been investigated as a means to prevent abeta toxicity associated with ad. recently we found that hsp20 from babesia bovis prevented both abeta aggregation and toxicity [s. lee, k. carson, ... | 2006 | 16828710 |
| a secreted cystatin from the tick haemaphysalis longicornis and its distinct expression patterns in relation to innate immunity. | proteins capable of selective and specific inhibition of cysteine protease have been identified as cystatins and are isolated from a variety of microbes and tissues of animals and plants. the physiological function of these proteins has been proposed to be the regulation of protein turnover and defense against pathogens as well as the balance of the host-parasite immune relationship. genes encoding cystatins have been found in several species of ticks, but the function of cystatin in ticks is no ... | 2006 | 16835018 |
| [the effect of different strains babesia bovis (babes, 1888) on tick of boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887)]. | two samples (modified and no-modified) of babesia bovis, were used to evaluate the effect on engorged females of boophilus microplus babesia spp - free. for so much, were used three holstein breed bovine, males with 6 months of age, (bh1, bh2 and bh3), coming of the plateau of itatiaia, rio de janeiro, brazil. each calf was infested with 0.2g of b. microplus larvae babesia spp- free, for 10 consecutive days. they were inoculated in the calves bh1 and bh2, modified and no modified sample, respect ... | 2006 | 17196115 |
| the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for trypanosoma vivax antibodies and its use in epidemiological surveys. | there are data indicating that the distribution of trypanosoma vivax in the brazilian territory is expanding with potential to reach other areas, where the vectors are present. the detection of anti-trypanosomal antibodies in serum provides important information of the trypanosomal status in cattle herds. for this reason, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (tv-elisa-ab) with crude antigen from one brazilian isolate of t. vivax was developed and evaluated. the sensitivity and specificity were r ... | 2006 | 17160291 |
| seroprevalence of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in cattle in the soutpansberg region, limpopo province, south africa, associated with changes in vector-tick populations. | a survey was conducted at 30 communal dip tanks and on 5 commercial farms in limpopo province, south africa, during 1999 and 2000 to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. cattle seropositive for b. bovis were found in 97% of the herds on communal land; the overall seroprevalence changed little between 1999 (63.3%) and 2000 (62.4%). all herds surveyed were infected with b. bigemina, and overall seroprevalence decreased significantly from 56.1% in 1999 t ... | 2006 | 17120620 |
| identification of common antigens in babesia bovis, b. bigemina, and b. divergens. | bovine babesiosis, caused by babesia bovis, b. bigemina, and b. divergens, is a significant impediment to livestock production in countries with tropical/subtropical and temperate climates. previous studies conducted on the immunoprophylaxis against the disease and diagnosis of these parasites has demonstrated the presence of similar antigens. the objective of this article was to identify and partially characterize antigens conserved among these three species. immunochemical analysis using sera ... | 2006 | 17135542 |
| evaluation of cattle inoculated with babesia bovis clones adhesive in vitro to bovine brain endothelial cells. | a comparative assessment of the virulence of babesia bovis clones that adhere or not to bovine brain endothelial cells was done using two clones of b. bovis: (1) a clone phenotypically characterized as virulent (2f8) and (2) a clone of reduced virulence (rad). of these subpopulations, we selected those that had adhesive characteristics (a) or nonadhesive characteristics (na) in cultured endothelial cells. twenty holstein cattle, 12 months of age or older, were used in this study, and these cattl ... | 2006 | 17135543 |
| bovine babesiosis live vaccine production: use of gamma irradiation on the substrate. | gamma irradiation on bovine serum and red blood cells (rbc) allows proliferation and growth of in vitro-cultured babesia sp., and has potential application to inactivate contaminating viruses and bacteria from the substrate. gamma irradiation with 25 kgy in a source of (60)co was able to inactivate infectious bovine rinotracheitis (ibr) and bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) viruses in artificially contaminated serum; besides, bacteria were also eliminated. in vitro culture of babesia bovis (b. bovis) ... | 2006 | 17135544 |
| validation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against babesia bovis. | a previously developed competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) based on a species-specific, broadly conserved, and tandemly repeated b-cell epitope within the c terminus of rhoptry-associated protein 1 of babesia bovis was refined and validated for use internationally. receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an assay with a specificity and positive predictive value of 100% and a sensitivity of 91.1%, with various negative predictive values depending on the level of dis ... | 2006 | 16957062 |
| new data on epizootiology and genetics of piroplasms based on sequences of small ribosomal subunit and cytochrome b genes. | as a continuation of our studies on molecular epizootiology of piroplasmosis in spain and other countries, we present in this contribution the finding of new hosts for some piroplasms, as well as information on their 18s rrna gene sequences. genetic data were complemented with sequences of apocytochrome b gene (whenever possible). the following conclusions were drawn from these molecular studies: theileria annulata is capable of infecting dogs, since it was diagnosed in a symptomatic animal. acc ... | 2006 | 16919391 |
| genetic basis for gpi-anchor merozoite surface antigen polymorphism of babesia and resulting antigenic diversity. | glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor merozoite surface antigens (gpi-anchor msa) are proposed to act in the invasion process of infective merozoites of babesia into host erythrocytes. because of their essential function in the survival of babesia parasites, they constitute good candidates for the development of vaccines against babesiosis and they have been extensively analyzed. these include babesia bovis variable msa (vmsa) and babesia bigemina gp45/gp55 proteins of the agents of bovine babesi ... | 2006 | 16551492 |
| prospects for recombinant vaccines against babesia bovis and related parasites. | babesial parasites infect cattle in tropical and temperate regions of the world and cause significant morbidity and mortality. discovery of protective antigens that could be used in a killed vaccine has been slow and to date there are few promising vaccine candidates for cattle babesia. this review describes mechanisms of protective innate and adaptive immune responses to babesial parasites and different strategies to identify potentially protective protein antigens of b. bovis, b. bigemina, and ... | 2006 | 16842268 |
| attenuated vaccines for tropical theileriosis, babesiosis and heartwater: the continuing necessity. | overwhelming evidence has accumulated of the effectiveness of immunization with live attenuated vaccines to control tick-borne diseases of livestock. despite several disadvantages, vaccination with live attenuated organisms against tropical theileriosis, babesiosis and possibly heartwater constitutes one of the most cost-effective intervention strategies. although great advances have been made through genomics and proteomics research, this has not yet translated into effective non-living vaccine ... | 2007 | 17656155 |
| label-free detection of babesia bovis infected red blood cells using impedance spectroscopy on a microfabricated flow cytometer. | impedance spectroscopy is a powerful tool for label-free analysis and characterisation of living cells. in this work, we achieved the detection of babesia bovis infected red blood cells using impedance spectroscopy on a microfabricated flow cytometer. the cellular modifications caused by the intracellular parasite result in a shift in impedance which can be measured dielectrically. thus, a rapid cell-by-cell detection with microliter amounts of reagents is possible. unlike other diagnostic tests ... | 2007 | 17451631 |
| development of taqman-based real-time pcr assays for diagnostic detection of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. | two taqman-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays devised for the detection of two bovine babesia parasites, babesia bovis and b. bigemina, were evaluated for their diagnostic utility using cultured parasites and 92 field bovine blood samples collected from cattle living in brazil. the real-time pcr assays were compared with previously established nested-pcr assays. the detection limits of both b. bovis- and b. bigemina-real-time pcr assays were identical at the value of 2.5 para ... | 2007 | 17984338 |
| comparison of duplex pcr and microscopic techniques for the identification of babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in engorged female ticks of boophilus microplus. | a single-step duplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique and traditional microscopic examination of haemolymph smears were used to detect babesia bigemina and/or babesia bovis infection in engorged female ticks of boophilus microplus recovered from calves raised in an endemic area of the state of minas gerais, brazil. in the pcr amplification of tick-derived dna, pairs of oligonucleotide primers specific for a 278-bp sequence from b. bigemina and for a 350-bp sequence from b. bovis were us ... | 2007 | 17456146 |
| epidemiological studies on tick-borne diseases of cattle in central equatoria state, southern sudan. | a herd-based study was carried out in central equatoria state, southern sudan, to study epidemiological aspects of tick-borne diseases. six herds of cattle situated in three different locations were selected and investigated every 3 months during the year 2005. blood smears for giemsa staining and blood spots on filter paper for deoxyribonucleic acid extraction were collected from 600 apparently healthy indigenous cattle. a total of 69 (11.5%) samples showed the presence of piroplasms in giemsa- ... | 2007 | 17530477 |