Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| changes in mouse splenic lymphocyte sub-population during primary & secondary course of giardia lamblia infection. | 1985 | 4093156 | |
| iron absorption in giardia lamblia infected egyptian children. | 1985 | 4093659 | |
| [giardia lamblia in child day care centers]. | an outbreak of giardiasis affecting 27 children in a day-care center is analyzed. examination of stools showed parasites in 67% of the affected children and in 23% of the children without symptoms. these results are compared with those obtained in another day-care center, where 9% of the stools of children 1 to 5 years old showed evidence of giardia infestation without any clinical evidence of disease. these results show the importance of person to person transmission of giardia lamblia in day-c ... | 1985 | 4096452 |
| [gastrointestinal manifestations of aids]. | we studied 26 cases of digestive manifestation in aids. the 26 patients were divided into two different epidemiological groups: 13 homosexual men, constituted the first group; no homosexual patient was in the second group which included 6 haitians, 6 africans and a pakistanian. the clinical manifestation were: a watery chronical diarrhea in 17 cases a bloody diarrhea in 2 cases; a loss of weight in the 26 cases; a dysphagia in five cases; a jaundice in one patient (due to kaposi sarcoma of the a ... | 1985 | 4096504 |
| tolerance of axenically cultured entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia to a variety of antimicrobial agents. | twelve antimicrobial agents were tested for use in axenic cultures of entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia. ten did not inhibit parasite growth at concentrations of at least two-fold above the effective antibacterial or antifungal levels. we have found the combination of piperacillin (500 micrograms/ml) plus amikacin (125 micrograms/ml) to be useful in axenization of a new strain of e. histolytica, eradication of multiply drug-resistant contaminants in cultures and prevention of bacterial g ... | 1985 | 2859675 |
| prospective study of acquisition of cryptosporidium, giardia lamblia, and gastrointestinal illness. | 1985 | 2863502 | |
| elisa detection of giardia lamblia. | 1985 | 2865584 | |
| comparison of sedimentation and flotation techniques for identification of cryptosporidium sp. oocysts in a large outbreak of human diarrhea. | cryptosporidiosis, previously seen mostly among immunocompromised patients, is now recognized among immunocompetent patients. during a large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in two day-care centers, we compared two procedures for the demonstration of the organism in preserved stool specimens. of 703 stool specimens tested by both techniques, sheather sucrose flotation (ssf) identified 127 (18.1%) as positive for cryptosporidium sp. oocysts. ritchie formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation (f/ea) plus a ... | 1985 | 2416771 |
| a linear double-stranded rna in trichomonas vaginalis. | a "double-stranded" rna was identified in the anaerobic, parasitic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. electron microscopic evidence indicated linear double-stranded structure 1.5 micron in length, with no apparent hairpins or loops. boiling in 30% dimethyl sulfoxide denatured it into single strands of 1.5 micron and shorter fragments. it consists of 23.4% g, 23.4% c, 23.0% a, and 30.3% u and melts at a transition temperature of 81.7 degrees c in 75 mm nacl and 7.5 mm sodium citrate, ph 7.0, with 7 ... | 1985 | 2982874 |
| a two-year longitudinal study on the etiology of acute diarrhea in young children in northern italy. | during a 24-month period, 561 young children (6 months-2 years of age) hospitalized for acute diarrhea were studied for enteric pathogens. patients positive for one or more pathogens were 359 (64.0%). infection with one pathogen was found in 266 (47.4%) patients, whereas multiple infection was detected in 93 (16.6%) patients. enteropathogens associated with disease were rotaviruses: 150 (26.7%), adenoviruses: 99 (17,6%), non-polio enteroviruses: 48 (8.5%), coronaviruses: 10 (1.8%), parvoviruses: ... | 1985 | 2983179 |
| risk factors for fatal childhood diarrhea: a case-control study from two remote panamanian islands. | between september 1979 and march 1980, distinguishing features between fatal and nonfatal cases of diarrhea caused by the same etiologic agents were sought in a case-control investigation of cuna indian children living on the san blas islands located off panama's caribbean coast. the eight fatal cases of diarrhea (four associated with rotavirus, one with giardia lamblia, and three without identifiable pathogens), which occurred in a cohort of 186 children aged less than five years who were follo ... | 1985 | 2990200 |
| diarrheal illness among infants and toddlers in day care centers. i. epidemiology and pathogens. | we conducted a 2-year prospective study of diarrheal illness in children ages 0 to 36 months in 22 day care centers in maricopa county, arizona. in 7464 child-months of observation, 465 sporadic cases and 170 outbreak-associated cases of diarrhea were identified. enteric pathogens were identified in 20% of diarrhea episodes. giardia lamblia, rotavirus, and campylobacter jejuni were the most common pathogens. giardia was significantly more common in toddlers than in infants and was found in 19% o ... | 1985 | 2995628 |
| diarrheal illness among infants and toddlers in day care centers. ii. comparison with day care homes and households. | during the second year of a prospective study of diarrheal illness among 0- to 36-month-old children in day care centers in maricopa county, arizona, we concurrently studied children of the same age in 30 day care homes and 102 households not using day care. the seasonal pattern of diarrhea, frequency of pathogen isolation, and relative frequency of individual pathogens were similar in the three settings. giardia lamblia and rotavirus were the most common enteropathogens. asymptomatic infection ... | 1985 | 2995629 |
| treatment of infectious complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the infectious complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are discussed, and the conventional and nonconventional therapies used for these infections are reviewed. the infections most commonly encountered in patients with aids are pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (58%), candida esophagitis (31%), toxoplasmosis (21%), cytomegalovirus infections (15%), and herpes-simplex virus infections (12%). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common life-threatening process in these pa ... | 1985 | 2996829 |
| [epidemiology, etiology and laboratory diagnosis of infectious diarrhea diseases in the tropics]. | diarrhoeal diseases belong to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in tropical countries, especially in infants and small children. about one billion episodes are estimated for this group of age with 4.6 million fatalities. many causes are discussed to explain the high incidence: bottle feeding of infants, protein malnutrition, unsafe drinking water and unsafe disposal of excrements and sewage, unsufficient consciousness of personal and domestic hygiene, lack of knowledge on the origin ... | 1985 | 3000920 |
| pathogens that cause travelers' diarrhea in latin america and africa. | with the advent of rapid and convenient means of transportation, millions of persons travel each year from industrialized to developing countries in the tropics and subtropics. these travelers are at risk for a variety of infectious diseases that are endemic in these areas; the most frequently occurring of these is diarrhea. studies of groups of travelers to latin america and africa have found that approximately one-half develop diarrhea during their stay abroad. etiologic investigations of thes ... | 1986 | 3014633 |
| detection of enteropathogens in fatal and potentially fatal diarrhea in cairo, egypt. | a 1-year study of the etiology of acute diarrhea complicated by severe (10%) dehydration, active bleeding, shock and cardiovascular collapse, pneumonia, acute renal failure, or seizures in infants under 18 months of age was performed in cairo, egypt. of 145 infants, 19 (13%) died or left the hospital moribund; the remaining 126 patients were classified as having potentially fatal illness. a variety of enteropathogens were identified with approximately equal frequency in the fatal and nonfatal co ... | 1986 | 3023441 |
| giardia infection causes vitamin b12 deficiency. | a patient presented with hematological evidence of vitamin b12 deficiency. the schilling test performed suggested intestinal malabsorption and further investigation revealed heavy infestation with giardia lamblia. specific treatment of the giardiasis with tinidazole resulted in correction of the abnormalities in vitamin b12 absorption. these findings, together with the absence of other causes of vitamin b12 deficiency, suggest that giardiasis should be considered as a cause of vitamin b12 defici ... | 1986 | 3458451 |
| kinetics of lymphocyte subpopulation in intestinal mucosa of protein deficient giardia lamblia infected mice. | kinetics of gut lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in normal and malnourished groups of mice infected with giardia lamblia. the maximum parasite load was observed at second, third, and first week of postinfection in normal controls, moderate (8%) and severe (3%) protein deficient groups respectively. the number of g lamblia trophozoite in 3% protein deficient group was low compared with control groups. a significant increase in t cell population of intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina prop ... | 1986 | 3485552 |
| lectin activation in giardia lamblia by host protease: a novel host-parasite interaction. | a lectin in giardia lamblia was activated by secretions from the human duodenum, the environment where the parasite lives. incubation of the secretions with trypsin inhibitors prevented the appearance of lectin activity, implicating proteases as the activating agent. accordingly, lectin activation was also produced by crystalline trypsin and pronase; other proteases tested were ineffective. when activated, the lectin agglutinated intestinal cells to which the parasite adheres in vivo. the lectin ... | 1986 | 3513312 |
| monoclonal antibodies against trichomonas vaginalis. | spleen lymphocytes obtained from mice immunized with trichomonas vaginalis atcc 30001 were fused with p3-x63-ag8-653 mouse myeloma in order to produce hybridoma-secreting antibodies against t. vaginalis associated antigens. six hybridoma cloned cell lines were established; three produced igg1, two produced igg2a, and one produced igm monoclonal antibody. these six monoclonal antibodies showed binding to seven isolated strains of t. vaginalis but did not bind to giardia lamblia. three of those mo ... | 1986 | 3514432 |
| excystation and culturing of human and animal giardia spp. by using gerbils and tyi-s-33 medium. | mongolian gerbils were used as an animal model to excyst and host giardia spp. isolated from meadow voles, dogs, beavers, and humans. both cysts and trophozoites were used to establish infections. gerbils were infected with giardia duodenalis from beaver, dog, and human sources, and the trophozoites were extracted and cultured in diamond tyi-s-33 medium. the use of gentamicin and ampicillin in the medium, coupled with treatment of gerbils with gentamicin before they were sacrificed, permitted th ... | 1986 | 3516070 |
| isolation and identification of a giardia lamblia-specific stool antigen (gsa 65) useful in coprodiagnosis of giardiasis. | a giardia lamblia-specific antigen (gsa 65) was isolated from stools of g. lamblia-positive patients by crossed- and line-immunoelectrophoresis and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) in agarose by using rabbit antiserum prepared against g. lamblia cysts. cie with rabbit anti-gsa 65 monospecific antiserum revealed that gsa 65 was present in aqueous stool eluates of giardiasis patients and in cysts and trophozoites of the parasite. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of immun ... | 1986 | 3519663 |
| chemotherapy in giardiasis: clinical responses and in vitro drug sensitivity of human isolates in axenic culture. | to investigate drug sensitivities of human giardia isolates, we developed a reproducible in vitro 3h-thymidine uptake assay to compare drug potencies. among 13 giardia intestinalis stocks obtained from the culture of trophozoites isolated from duodenal juice, considerable variation in susceptibility to a range of currently used drugs was found. the population doubling time of these stocks also varied widely. clinical features in patients ranged in severity from mild chronic diarrhea to a celiac- ... | 1986 | 3519912 |
| immunocytochemical differentiation of microtubules in the cytoskeleton of giardia lamblia using monoclonal antibodies to alpha-tubulin and polyclonal antibodies to associated low molecular weight proteins. | in interphase trophozoites of giardia lamblia, separate populations of microtubules constitute the four parts of the mastigont apparatus: flagella, ventral disc, funis and median body. antigenic differences between the tubules have been investigated by light and electron immunocytochemistry after labelling with two monoclonal antibodies to alpha-tubulin (yl 1/2 and yol 1/34 clones), and with polyclonal antibodies to giardia tubule-associated proteins. both anti-tubulins stained all tubules after ... | 1986 | 3522613 |
| an 88,000-mr giardia lamblia surface protein which is immunogenic in humans. | human anti-giardia lamblia sera specifically immunoprecipitated an 88,000-mr surface protein from radioiodinated trophozoites, establishing this protein as a potentially important immunogen in humans. a mouse monoclonal antibody (gl-1) was isolated which immunoprecipitated the same 88,000-mr surface protein recognized by the human sera. gl-1 gave uniform fluorescent staining of the cell surface and flagella of g. lamblia trophozoites from the portland 1 and wb strains as well as fresh clinical i ... | 1986 | 3536744 |
| physical and chemical characterization of a giardia lamblia-specific antigen useful in the coprodiagnosis of giardiasis. | we recently reported the isolation and identification of a giardia lamblia-specific antigen (gsa 65) that is shed in the stool of giardiasis patients. in the present study, this antigen was affinity purified from sonic extracts of axenically cultured g. lamblia trophozoites and characterized to better understand its biological function and its potential usefulness in the design of coprodiagnostic assays for giardiasis. gsa 65 was resistant to proteolytic digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and ... | 1986 | 3536998 |
| [giardia intestinalis: comparative study of lipid and nitrogen fecal excretions in adults and children with parasites]. | 10,000 faeces samples-from 9,120 adults and 880 children were examined to evaluate the faecal excretions. giardia intestinalis was identified in 111 of those samples (84 adults and 27 children). a higher infection rate of g. intestinalis was observed in child and male adult groups. nitrogen excretion was evaluated and compared with fat excretion for the first time in the case of giardiasis. when malabsorption was obvious, both fat and nitrogen increased with generally moderate values. the malabs ... | 1986 | 3537927 |
| giardia lamblia: a culture method for determining parasite viability. | a simple, quantitative method has been developed to assess the viability of giardia lamblia trophozoites after exposure to a potentially lethal agent. this method utilizes the ability of trophozoites which remain viable to replicate and multiply. in this study, the percent dead trophozoites after incubation in 20% fresh human serum was determined first by morphologic criteria and then by the ability of parasites to multiply in fresh medium over 48 hr. using the number of parasites after 48 hr of ... | 1986 | 3538920 |
| antigenic analysis of giardia duodenalis strains isolated in alberta. | giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal parasite in most parts of the world. in canada it is associated with both endemic and epidemic infections that are often transmitted by the waterborne route. although g. duodenalis strains have been isolated from several animals, the role of other mammals in human infection is unclear. we have isolated and cultured g. duodenalis trophozoites from domestic and wild animals in alberta and compared them with a human isolate by protein gel electrophoresis an ... | 1986 | 3545410 |
| comparative evaluation of giardia lamblia infection in mouse & rat. | 1986 | 3570385 | |
| [a proposal for the classification of intestinal complications in giardiasis]. | two hundred children hospitalized in the national institute of gastroenterology were studied during the 1972-1980 period. the children, whose ages ranged between six months and ten years, presented chronic diarrhea in which giardia lamblia was considered the causative agent. the diagnosis of parasitism was made with the detection of giardia lamblia in the feces and/or duodenal content. a serum d-xylose and jejunal biopsy were performed on all the patients and the histology of the mucosa was clas ... | 1986 | 3577617 |
| effect of twenty-three chemotherapeutic agents on the adherence and growth of giardia lamblia in vitro. | the sensitivity of giardia lamblia to 23 chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated in vitro with a growth inhibition assay and a recently developed adherence inhibition assay. of the four established anti-giardia drugs, tinidazole, metronidazole, and furazolidone were found to have strong inhibitory effects on both growth and adherence, while mepacrine had a strong effect on growth only. three drugs (mefloquine, doxycycline and rifampin) not previously used in giardiasis were found to have significa ... | 1986 | 3603639 |
| a method of excystation and culture of giardia lamblia. | 1986 | 3603648 | |
| purification and characterization of guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia, a flagellated parasitic protozoan and the causative agent of giardiasis, lacks de novo purine biosynthesis and exists on salvage of adenine and guanine by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from g. lamblia crude extracts has been purified to apparent homogeneity by sephacryl s-200 gel filtration followed by c-8-gmp-agarose and 2',3'-gmp-agarose affinity chromatography, resulting in an overall recovery of 77% ... | 1986 | 3087975 |
| [giardia lamblia infection in the gerbil (meriones unguiculatus): an animal model]. | 1986 | 3094870 | |
| parasitic infections in asymptomatic homosexual men: cost-effective screening. | the purpose of this study was to develop a cost-effective strategy for screening for enteric protozoan infections in homosexual men without gastrointestinal symptoms suggesting infection. one hundred and one homosexual men in portland, oregon, each submitted at least one unpurged stool sample; 91% submitted three samples each. of these, 27% had entamoeba histolytica, 61% had nonpathogenic protozoa with or without e. histolytica, 36% had a nonpathogen alone, and 3% had giardia lamblia. protozoan ... | 1986 | 3095515 |
| [does giardia lamblia favor the proliferation of intestinal bacteria?]. | 1986 | 3096347 | |
| adenosine analog metabolism in giardia lamblia. implications for chemotherapy. | certain adenosine analogs can inhibit the growth of giardia lamblia. this biological action correlates with the ability of the organism to phosphorylate the nucleoside directly to the nucleotide. four of these, 8-azaadenosine, 1-deazaadenosine, 7-deazaadenosine, and 9-deazaadenosine, were very effective. the respective bases of the first three were ineffective. the base of 9-deazaadenosine was not tested as this c-nucleoside is non-cleavable. metabolic studies using radioactive 7- and 9-deazaade ... | 1986 | 3098246 |
| [intestinal parasitic colonization and protein-caloric malnutrition]. | intestinal parasitic infection was determined by fecal examination for parasites with several complementary methods in 380 young gabonese infants aged 6 to 24 months (190 with normal weights and 190 with malnutrition, matched for age). trichuris trichiura, ascaris lombricoides, giardia intestinalis, entamoeba histolytica and strongyloides stercoralis were the most prevalent parasites, without any difference between well-fed infants and patients with malnutrition. the higher prevalence of strongy ... | 1986 | 3101646 |
| ultrastructural study on the bacterial symbiont in giardia lamblia. | 1986 | 3300600 | |
| giardiasis and the nutritional status of zimbabwean schoolchildren. | stool specimens, obtained from 1813 schoolchildren from communal lands, commercial farms and urban areas in zimbabwe, were examined for helminth and protozoan parasites. the findings were collated with anthropometric data on the same children to investigate the relationship between intestinal parasitism and nutritional status. protozoan infections were common with giardia lamblia being identified in 17.4% of children. there was a strong association between giardial infection and undernutrition, ... | 1986 | 2428298 |
| immunofluorescence detection of cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal smears. | an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) procedure was developed for the detection of cryptosporidium sp. oocysts in human, nonhuman primate, and bovine fecal smears. the procedure, which takes about 90 min to perform, involves the use of a rabbit antiserum against cryptosporidium oocysts isolated from dairy cattle. cross-specificity testing of the ifa method revealed no reactivity with yeasts, various amoebae, giardia lamblia, chilomastix sp., or blastocystis sp. and only very weak cross-reactivi ... | 1986 | 2429982 |
| a comparative study on methods of preservation and staining of giardia lamblia. | 1986 | 2431076 | |
| amebic infections in asymptomatic homosexual men, lack of evidence of invasive disease. | a survey for enteric infections in 140 asymptomatic homosexual men who attended a community clinic revealed a high prevalence of infection with entamoeba histolytica (27.1 per cent) and giardia lamblia (15.7 per cent). in contrast, the prevalence of elevated indirect hemagglutination (iha) titers (greater than or equal to 1:128), which indicate invasive amebiasis, was low (5.7 per cent). our findings suggest that only a limited amount of invasive amebic disease is occurring in this group of homo ... | 1986 | 2874747 |
| [enteropathogens in travellers returning from the tropics]. | diarrhea is not only the most common health hazard during travel in the tropics but also the most frequent condition which prompts returning travellers to see a physician. the prevalence of bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens in people attending our outpatient department after returning from the tropics has been studied and the laboratory results of stool examinations have been compared with clinical symptoms. of the 173 persons enrolled, 19 (11%) harboured bacterial pathogens and pathogenic ... | 1986 | 2875520 |
| the detection of enteropathogens in acute diarrhea in a family cohort population in rural egypt. | in 8 villages of rural northeastern egypt, a 2-year study of the etiologic agents associated with episodes of diarrhea was carried out. stool specimens (3,243) from 3,513 episodes of diarrhea were processed for enteropathogens. the most commonly identified agents in the group with diarrhea were giardia lamblia (44%), heat stable enterotoxin (st)-producing enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) (15%), heat labile toxin (lt)-producing etec (12%), enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) (4%), rotavirus (3 ... | 1986 | 2876656 |
| prevalence of enteric parasites in homosexual patients attending an outpatient clinic. | a total of 372 pooled stool specimens from 274 homosexual men with diarrhea were submitted for parasitologic examination over a 2.5-year period. each two-vial pooled specimen set contained portions of stool from 3 consecutive days in formalin and polyvinyl alcohol. of the 274 patients, 133 (48.5%) harbored one or more intestinal protozoa, with 161 (43.3%) of the 372 specimens submitted being positive for one or more organisms. the parasites identified included entamoeba histolytica (71 patients) ... | 1986 | 2877006 |
| impaired production of alpha and gamma interferon in asymptomatic homosexual males. | in vitro production of alpha interferon and gamma interferon was examined in cell cultures from 90 asymptomatic homosexual males and 19 healthy heterosexual male controls. the production of alpha and gamma interferon was significantly suppressed in homosexuals as compared to that in heterosexual controls (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.001, respectively). forty-one of the homosexuals produced less gamma interferon than any of the heterosexual controls. antibodies against the human immune sy ... | 1986 | 2877877 |
| longitudinal study of diarrhoeal disease in a peri-urban community in manaus (amazon-brazil). | a 20-month longitudinal study of diarrhoeal disease was carried out in a poor peri-urban community of manaus (amazon-brazil), and the attack rate of this disease ranged from 0.2 to 4.8 episodes of diarrhoea per person per year. the age group most affected was 0 to 35 months old. a probable aetiological agent was identified in 68 of the 110 faecal samples collected. the most frequent enteropathogens isolated were enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and giardia lamblia. enterotoxigenic escherichia co ... | 1986 | 2878647 |
| isoenzyme studies of giardia lamblia isolated from symptomatic cases. | strains of giardia lamblia were isolated from symptomatic cases of giardiasis and axenized in the laboratory. electrophoretic mobility patterns of four enzymes, viz., ec 5.3.1.9 glucose phosphate isomerase (gpi); ec 1.1.1,4.0.l-malate; nadp+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate decarboxylating) (me); ec 2.7.5.1 phosphoglucomutase (pgm); and ec 2.7.1.1 hexokinase (hk) of the lysates prepared from these isolates were studied using starch-gel. based on differences in mobility patterns of pgm and hk, the fo ... | 1986 | 2943257 |
| antigiardial activity of the bile salt-like antibiotic sodium fusidate. | possible antigiardial activity of the bile salt-like antibiotic, sodium fusidate has been investigated during 24 h liquid culture of giardia lamblia trophozoites and in 4 h microassays for parasite motility inhibition and viability. sodium fusidate inhibited giardia growth (ed50 0.2 mm; mic 0.3 mm) but was considerably less potent than metronidazole (ed50 0.002 mm; mic 0.05 mm). sodium fusidate and metronidazole were active inhibitors of parasite motility (ed50 0.9 and 0.3 mm respectively) but w ... | 1986 | 3700284 |
| intestinal parasitic infections in pre-school children in the niger delta. | stool specimens from 1,062 pre-school children in the niger delta were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites. of that number, 77.6% harboured one or more than one species of intestinal parasites. ascaris lumbricoides (51.9%) and trichuris trichiura (41.7%) were the most prevalent species recorded. other parasites harboured by these children included hymenolepis sp. (18.3%), giardia lamblia (9.2%), entamoeba histolytica (4.6%), strongyloides stercoralis (1.4%). hookworm, taenia sp., i ... | 1986 | 3701056 |
| giardia lamblia: identification of different strains from man. | four axenically cultured human giardia lamblia isolates from jerusalem (kc-1, 2, 3 and 4) and one from bethesda (wb) were compared. three distinct groups were defined by agglutination response to rabbit anti-g. lamblia sera viz. wb; kc-3; and kc-1, 2 and 4. the same major groups were identified by isoenzyme analysis using thin-layer starch-gel electrophoresis, each group differing from the others in three or more of five enzymes studied. in addition, a single enzyme difference distinguished kc-2 ... | 1986 | 3705709 |
| [frequency of giardia lamblia in the feces of 100 children with chronic diarrhea]. | 1986 | 3707709 | |
| giardia lamblia: electrophysiology and ultrastructure of cytopathology in cultured epithelial cells. | the pathogenicity of giardia lamblia is a subject of debate. some studies of human biopsy material have mentioned the presence of trophozoites inside the intestinal mucosa, while in others, flagellates have only been found attached to the epithelium. to study the possible cytopathic effects of g. lamblia cultured under axenic conditions, trophozoites of the human 1/portland and wb strains were placed in contact with monolayers of madin derby canine kidney cells, a well characterized cell strain ... | 1986 | 3709752 |
| giardiasis in mount isa, north-west queensland. | a random survey of 680 dwellings was undertaken to determine the prevalence and mode of transmission of giardia intestinalis in mount isa. of the population, 4.5% were shown to have cysts in their stools; the highest prevalence rate of 12.0% occurred in children aged one to five years. epidemiological studies strongly suggest that the disease, which is endemic in the city, is being transmitted by hand-to-mouth contamination; schools, preschools, kindergartens and play groups are important foci o ... | 1986 | 3713567 |
| giardia lamblia in children in day-care centres in southern ontario, canada, and susceptibility of animals to g. lamblia. | in 1982, giardia lamblia cysts were found in the faeces of eight of 97 children (two to five years old) in day-care centres in guelph, ontario, canada. none of the infected children showed any of the classical signs of giardiasis. the survey was repeated in 1983 in the kitchner-waterloo area, ontario. in this survey nine of 147 children were infected with g. lamblia. experimentally established giardia-free colonies of mice, hamsters, rats, cats (adults and kittens) and dogs (adults and puppies) ... | 1986 | 3726998 |
| piped water supply and intestinal parasitism in zimbabwean schoolchildren. | the prevalence of intestinal parasitism in primary schoolchildren in three areas, communal (peasant farm) lands, commercial farms and urban townships, was assessed by examination of concentrated and stained stool specimens to determine the effect of water supply on intestinal parasitism. piped water in communal lands was associated with decreased frequency of schistosomiasis and hymenolepiasis, but not with decreased frequency of protozoa. schistosomiasis was very common in commercial farm labou ... | 1986 | 3727003 |
| axenic cultures from excysted trophozoites of giardia lamblia & their viability. | 1986 | 3733183 | |
| [giardia lamblia chronic hepatitis]. | 1986 | 3738137 | |
| transmission of giardia lamblia from a day care center to the community. | an outbreak of giardiasis was investigated in one urban day care center; another day care center was selected as a control. in the study day care center, 35 per cent of the children were infected. infection was spread to at least one household contact of 47 per cent of the infected children. the data suggest person-to-person transmission of giardiasis and the need for measures to prevent its dissemination. early recognition and treatment of giardia lamblia infections in children may be indicated ... | 1986 | 3740341 |
| biliary lipids support serum-free growth of giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia has been grown in vitro only in media containing serum or serum fractions. how this pathogen can grow in the human small intestinal lumen without serum is not known. we found that samples of human hepatic or gall bladder bile maintained g. lamblia survival for 24 to 48 h in medium without serum but did not support growth. by contrast, an artificial biliary lipid dispersion containing six bile salts, phosphatidylcholine (pc), and cholesterol, in the ratios characteristic of human ... | 1986 | 3744557 |
| string test for diagnosing giardiasis. | the "string test" permits definitive diagnosis of giardiasis in the physician's office. if giardiasis is present, microscopic examination of the sample of duodenal fluid obtained on the string will reveal giardia lamblia in the trophozoite stage. use of this simple test may eliminate some of the difficulties in diagnosing giardiasis. | 1986 | 3751831 |
| [epidemiologic survey of intestinal parasitoses in a closed community in somalia: prevalence of trichuris trichiura, ancylostoma and giardia intestinalis]. | 1986 | 3752803 | |
| evaluation of a tangential-flow multiple-filter technique for detection of giardia lamblia cysts in water. | a system of tangential-flow filtration was evaluated for use in the detection of giardia cysts in drinking water. this method was more sensitive in recovering cysts than a frequently used wound-orlon system of through-filtration. | 1986 | 3753000 |
| clinical associations of aeromonas spp. in fecal specimens from children. | human infections caused by aeromonas spp. are being reported with increased frequency. we examined 1012 unselected stool specimens from 799 children for various pathogens, including aeromonas spp., to evaluate the clinical associations of aeromonas spp. in the stools of children in the east end of london. a total of 33 children had positive cultures for aeromonas spp. these were identified as: aeromonas hydrophila (16), a. sobria (9), a. caviae (8). aeromonas spp. were identified by being oxidas ... | 1986 | 3757397 |
| reactive arthritis--giardia lamblia, another new pathogen? | 1986 | 3759385 | |
| identification of giardia lamblia in peritoneal fluid. | giardia lamblia, originally considered a commensal enteric organism, is now universally noted for its pathogenic potential in man. the mechanism of pathogenesis of giardiasis, however, remains unclear. we report a case of giardiasis diagnosed by analysis of peritoneal fluid obtained from a trauma victim. g lamblia trophozoite forms were found on microscopic examination of the fluid, and chemical studies of the fluid revealed bile and elevated amylase activity. the trophozoites may have entered t ... | 1986 | 3764534 |
| blastocystis hominis: pathogen or fellow traveler? | blastocystis hominis, an intestinal organism of uncertain taxonomic position, has long been considered nonpathogenic. some recent studies suggest, however, that it may be associated with diarrhea and may respond to treatment with iodoquinol or metronidazole. to investigate this possibility, we identified 148 persons whose stools contained this organism. of this number, 32 had at least 6 stool examinations performed. twenty-seven of the 32 persons were later found to have greater than or equal to ... | 1986 | 3766850 |
| killing of giardia lamblia by human milk is mediated by unsaturated fatty acids. | giardia lamblia trophozoites were killed in vitro by 1% fresh human milk in the presence of bile. a similar effect was achieved in the absence of bile with milk which had been stored for at least 24 h at 6 degrees c. this killing activity was found to be caused by unsaturated fatty acids. depending on their chain length and the number of double bonds, the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids required for a 50% killing effect varied between 15 and 36 microm. the saturated palmitic and steari ... | 1986 | 3767341 |
| the activity of drugs against giardia intestinalis in neonatal mice. | the activities of 12 5-nitroimidazoles and ten other compounds have been compared against giardia intestinalis stock bris/83/hepu/106 in a suckling mouse model. ronidazole, satranidazole and fexinidazole were the most active compounds being 2.8, 2.0 and 2.0 times more active than tinidazole respectively and warrant further investigation as potential chemotherapeutic agents. the results obtained in mice are consistent with the known activity of nitroimidazoles in man. there was a strong positive ... | 1986 | 3771427 |
| human milk kills giardia lamblia by generating toxic lipolytic products. | this study supports our previous hypotheses that normal human milk kills giardia lamblia trophozoites in vitro and that this killing is due to the release of free fatty acids (ffas) from milk triglycerides by action of the bile salt-stimulated lipase (bsl) of human milk. heat-stable killing of g. lamblia was generated when normal human milk was preincubated with sodium cholate, which activates bsl. moreover, both the skim-milk (containing bsl) and cream (containing mainly triglycerides) fraction ... | 1986 | 3772164 |
| [incidence of lamblia intestinalis infection among children aged 3-18 years hospitalized between 1975 and 1982]. | 1986 | 3776190 | |
| age-related rate of seropositivity of antibody to giardia lamblia in four diverse populations. | we used a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay to determine the age-specific rates of acquisition of antibody to giardia lamblia in populations living in an inner city area of baltimore, md., on an apache indian reservation in arizona, in a rural area of panama, and in an urban area of peru (lima). antibody to g. lamblia was found in a portion of the adults living in all of the study areas. similar prevalence rates and quantitative levels of antibody were found in the adults living in arizona (44%), p ... | 1986 | 3782461 |
| protozoal enteric infections among expatriates in bangladesh. | in order to study the prevalence, incidence, and symptoms of infections with giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica, we followed 251 expatriates in bangladesh over a 1-year period. microscopic examination of fecal specimens was performed upon enrollment, at 3-month intervals, and during episodes of diarrhea. specimens were cultured for bacteria and samples of serum and saliva were collected for antibody studies (igg and siga). the prevalence of g. lamblia infections was 5.2% and the incidence ... | 1986 | 3789269 |
| the relative importance of various enteropathogens as a cause of diarrhoea in hospitalized children in chiang mai, thailand. | a study of 208 children aged under 15 hospitalized with diarrhea and 108 matched controls was conducted at chiang mai university hospital, chiang mai, thailand from may 1983 to april 1984 to investigate the incidence, seasonal distribution, and causative agents of diarrhea. 1 or more enteropathogens were isolated from 121 (58%) diarrhea patients and from 32 (30%) controls. in diarrhea patients, shigella spp. were most frequently isolated (22%) followed by enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epe ... | 1986 | 3794260 |
| giardia lamblia--day care diarrhea. | 1986 | 3636073 | |
| prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in riyadh district, saudi arabia. | a total of 23,516 stool specimens collected from patients attending three medical centres in riyadh, saudi arabia, were examined for intestinal parasites. of these 5737 (24.4%) were positive. entamoeba histolytica (8.8%) and giardia lamblia (6.3%) were the commonest parasites found, and in the age group of one to 15 years. giardia was found in 14.8% of males and 11.9% of females. other intestinal parasites present included ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, schistosoma mansoni, hymeolepi ... | 1986 | 3675035 |
| discovery of a specific double-stranded rna virus in giardia lamblia. | nucleic acid samples purified from trophozoites of giardia lamblia portland i strain contain an ethidium-stainable band that comigrates with 7.0 kilobase dna in agarose gel electrophoresis. the band was degradable by alkali, ribonuclease a and ribonuclease t1, but the susceptibility toward the ribonucleases decreased with increasing ionic strength, suggestive of double-stranded rna (dsrna). this identification was confirmed by electron micrographs of the purified samples, which showed linear dou ... | 1986 | 3807947 |
| morbidity in preschool giardia cyst excretors. | preschool children of two villages of kharar taluka, ropar district, punjab (india) were screened for the prevalence of giardiasis. cysts of giardia lamblia were found in 35.1% of the stool samples and other parasites were rarely seen. the incidence of diarrhoea in association with g. lamblia positivity was 16.5% in subjects whose stool examination was positive on one or more than one occasion. no difference in the incidence of giardiasis could be seen in well nourished and undernourished childr ... | 1986 | 3810840 |
| plasma membrane isolated from giardia lamblia: identification of membrane proteins. | two methods are introduced for preparing plasma membranes from giardia lamblia trophozoites. isolated membranes were purified by centrifugation on either a sucrose step-gradient or a self-generated percoll gradient, where they band at a density of approximately 1.04 g ml-1. in pure fractions, membranes formed vesicles or extensive sheets. electron microscope profiles show that they are asymmetric with a thin filamentous coat on one side. membrane proteins were resolved by sds/page. they included ... | 1986 | 3816814 |
| description and characterization of a surface lectin from giardia lamblia. | the mechanisms by which the human enteric pathogen giardia lamblia colonizes the proximal small intestine are poorly understood. although the parasite possesses an attachment organelle on its ventral surface, the "sucking" disk, we considered that like many bacteria and some protozoa, g. lamblia might also have a surface membrane-associated modality for adherence to its host. using an erythrocyte mixed-agglutination model, we demonstrated a parasite surface lectin with specificities for d-glucos ... | 1986 | 3943906 |
| direct and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity against giardia lamblia by splenic and intestinal lymphoid cells in mice. | direct cytotoxicity and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity against giardia lamblia trophozoites exhibited by splenic, intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocyte populations isolated from g lamblia infected mice were studied. different patterns of cytotoxicity were found. intraepithelial lymphocytes showed a direct cytotoxic activity of 20.6 +/- 5.6% before infection. it was significantly higher on the 20th (p less than 0.01) and 30th (p less than 0.05) day postinfection. lamina pro ... | 1986 | 3949239 |
| clostridium difficile in general practice and community health. | the isolation rate for clostridium difficile in diarrhoeal stools was investigated in patients from general practice and community health centres over a 14-month period. c. difficile or its cytotoxin was detected in specimens from 89 (4.7%) of 1882 patients studied and accounted for 30.3% of all enteropathogenic micro-organisms isolated. overall c. difficile was second only to giardia lamblia in frequency. recovery rates in the different groups of patients surveyed varied from 3.6 to 27.5%. the ... | 1986 | 3950393 |
| cytotoxicity of monoclonal antibodies to a subset of giardia isolates. | previous studies showed that some giardia lamblia isolates differ and can be categorized on the basis of their dna banding patterns after digestion with endonuclease restriction enzymes, surface antigens, and excretory-secretory (e-s) products. in the present study, monoclonal antibodies (mcab) were produced that reacted with one specific group of giardia isolates. these mcab recognized a 170,000 dalton antigen, which was present on the surface of these giardia and released into the medium as an ... | 1986 | 3950421 |
| killing of giardia lamblia by human milk lipases: an effect mediated by lipolysis of milk lipids. | killing of giardia lamblia by fresh human milk requires the presence of bile salt, a known activator of bile salt-stimulated lipase, the major lipase in human milk. purified enzyme did not kill the parasite even in the presence of activator unless milk lipids were also present in the reaction mixture. free fatty acids had a marked giardiacidal effect, a phenomenon supporting the view that fatty acids, released during hydrolysis of milk triglycerides, are responsible for the killing of g. lamblia ... | 1986 | 3950450 |
| intestinal parasites in a migrant farmworker population. | three hundred thirty-nine migrant worker women and children were screened by single stool examination for intestinal parasites. infection occurred in 34.2%. giardia lamblia and trichuris trichiura were the most common pathogens; entamoeba coli and endolimax nana were the most common commensals. infants under 1 year of age were free of infection. children between 2 and 5 years old and women between 25 and 35 years old had the highest prevalence. significantly more haitians were infected than mexi ... | 1986 | 3954523 |
| pathogenic and free-living protozoa cultured from the nasopharyngeal and oral regions of dental patients: ii. | protozoa of the nose, mouth, and pharynx of 30 randomly chosen male caries patients at an odontological clinic of the national autonomous university of mexico, in mexico city, were surveyed by culture from swabs. culture tubes from swabs were observed every other day for 5 weeks. pathogens found included entamoeba histolytica, naegleria fowleri, acanthamoeba castellanii, a. culbertsoni, a. polyphaga, and giardia lamblia. such isolations of pathogens suggest that patients may be healthy carriers ... | 1986 | 3956463 |
| lack of cellular cytotoxicity by human mononuclear cells to giardia. | cytotoxicity of mononuclear leukocytes (mnl) to giardia lamblia was compared by using two techniques. the first method assessed the viability of surviving giardia directly by culturing and the second method measured release of incorporated [3h] thymidine. cytotoxicity, as measured directly by culturing and visual assessment, showed that the numbers of surviving giardia decreased over time whether cultured with or without mnl but that giardia survived significantly better in the presence of mnl a ... | 1986 | 3958497 |
| [status of the immunologic secretory system of the small intestine in children infected with giardia intestinalis]. | 1986 | 3822878 | |
| [duodenal microflora in children infected with giardia intestinalis]. | 1986 | 3822879 | |
| [intestinal parasite survey in seoul by stool examination at hanyang university hospital] | the present study was undertaken to evaluate the present status of intestinal parasitic infection in seoul area, korea. during the period from june 1985 to july 1986, a total of 5,251 stool samples were collected in department of clinical pathology, hanyang university hospital and examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique once for helminth ova and protozoan cysts. the results were summerized as follows: the overall egg positive rate of intestinal helminthes was 2.53 per cent; and 1.43 p ... | 1986 | 12886099 |
| laboratory diagnosis of giardia duodenalis infection in dogs. | results of trichrome staining of fecal samples and intestinal contents preserved in polyvinyl alcohol fixative, fecal flotation utilizing unpreserved feces, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum specimens were compared for the diagnosis of giardia duodenalis infections in dogs. trichrome staining of preserved fecal samples resulted in the identification of 44 (92%) of the 48 infected dogs from a group of 200 dogs. trichrome staining of preserved intestinal contents resulted in the ident ... | 1987 | 3818418 |
| specific secretory iga in the milk of giardia lamblia-infected and uninfected women. | we measured the levels of specific secretory iga in human milk by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. we studied giardia lamblia-infected and -uninfected mothers to determine the role of such iga in providing protection against giardia infection to their children. titers of specific secretory iga in the milk of infected mothers were significantly higher than were those of uninfected mothers (p less than .01). only 16% of infants of mothers with high titers of antibodies (higher od) in th ... | 1987 | 3819477 |
| cortisone-induced recrudescence of giardia lamblia infections in gerbils. | the course of infection with giardia lamblia in gerbils was studied after oral inoculation with either cysts isolated from humans or cultured trophozoites. primary infections occurred in 87% of exposed gerbils; cyst release peaked during the second and third weeks post-infection; cysts and trophozoites were observed for up to 49 and 87 days post-infection, respectively. gerbils were refractory to challenge infection with infective human source cysts at 5 months post-infection. overall, 50% of an ... | 1987 | 3812884 |
| ingestion of giardia lamblia trophozoites by human mononuclear phagocytes. | mononuclear phagocytes may be important effector cells against giardia lamblia. human monocyte-derived macrophages were incubated with g. lamblia trophozoites in 13% heat-inactivated autologous serum. at a g. lamblia/macrophage ratio of 1:1, the number of trophozoites ingested per 100 macrophages ranged from 1 to 12 at 0.5 h and increased for all donors (n = 6) to 10 to 92 at 8 h. ingestion was confirmed by electron microscopy. increasing the parasite/phagocyte ratio to 5:1 increased the percent ... | 1987 | 3679547 |
| experimental human infections with giardia lamblia. | fifteen healthy volunteers were inoculated enterally with trophozoites of two distinct human isolates of giardia lamblia, gs/m and isr. each of two groups of five volunteers were inoculated with 50,000 (gs/m or isr) trophozoites. all of the volunteers inoculated with gs/m and none of the volunteers inoculated with isr became infected. three of five volunteers infected with gs/m became ill, including two who had diarrhea and typical symptoms of giardiasis. in the second study, three patients who ... | 1987 | 3680997 |
| acute diarrhoea in adults: a prospective study. | a prospective study of 74 adults with acute diarrhoea was carried out in sydney in 1984-1985 to determine the infective agents that were involved and their relationship to clinical, epidemiological and laboratory features. thirty-four potential pathogens were identified in 32 (43.2%) patients. these included, in order of frequency: campylobacter spp., rotavirus, clostridium difficile, salmonella enteritidis, aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio parahaemolyticus, adenovirus, a small round virus and giard ... | 1987 | 3683260 |
| heterogeneity in the responses of clones of giardia intestinalis to anti-giardial drugs. | clones of two stocks of giardia intestinalis have been tested by the [3h]thymidine uptake assay to determine their sensitivity to metronidazole, tinidazole, furazolidone and quinacrine. each stock was not homogeneous with respect to drug sensitivity but was composed of different populations of organisms. doubling times of lines derived from clones of a stock did not vary significantly. these findings may, in part, account for treatment failures in human giardiasis patients. | 1987 | 3686635 |