Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a survey for american cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis among 1,342 dogs from areas in rio de janeiro (brazil) where the human diseases occur. | there are areas in the periphery of rio de janeiro city where human cases of visceral and/or cutaneous leishmaniasis occur. the parasites have been identified as leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis braziliensis respectively. a survey for leishmaniasis was done among 1,342 dogs from those areas using an indirect immunofluorescent test. from the dogs, 616 came from areas where only human cases of visceral leishmaniasis occurred, 373 from an area where all human cases were of cutaneous ... | 1985 | 3910994 |
| [basis for the possible use of the indirect immunofluorescence reaction for the serological diagnosis of tick-borne borreliosis]. | 1985 | 3911041 | |
| infectivity of leishmania promastigotes is associated with surface antigenic expression. | differentiation between a non-infective and an infective leishmania promastigote population was demonstrated. promastigotes in the stationary phase (day 5) were found to be highly infective in vitro to balb/c mouse peritoneal macrophages, compared with those of the logarithmic phase (day 3). the infective promastigotes showed surface antigenic determinants different from non-infective ones. polyclonal anti-3 day and anti-5 day antibodies were bound specifically to the surface of corresponding pr ... | 1985 | 3912320 |
| epidemiologic study of visceral leishmaniasis in honduras, 1975-1983. | between 1975 and 1983, 53 patients with parasitologically proven visceral leishmaniasis (vl) and 16 patients with suspected vl were diagnosed in honduras. the patients' ages ranged from 3 months to 10 years, but 95% were younger than 3 years old. since 1978, when 16 patients were reported, the yearly incidence has declined, and in 1982 only 4 patients were reported. we located and interviewed the families of 57 of the 69 patients. at the onset of illness, all 57 patients lived in rural areas, an ... | 1985 | 3914845 |
| arachidonic acid metabolism by murine peritoneal macrophages infected with leishmania donovani: in vitro evidence for parasite-induced alterations in cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. | leishmania donovani is an obligate intracellular protozoan that resides within mononuclear phagocytes of infected mammals. affected human and rodent hosts commonly show abnormalities of t cell function, which may be related to altered macrophage physiology resulting from intracellular parasitism. to examine this possibility, we studied the metabolism of endogenous arachidonyl-phospholipids and [3h]-arachidonyl-phospholipids by murine peritoneal exudate macrophages infected with amastigotes of l. ... | 1985 | 3917283 |
| cytotoxicity of human serum for leishmania donovani amastigotes: antibody facilitation of alternate complement pathway-mediated killing. | mechanisms that mediate recovery from leishmanial infection have not been fully characterized but are generally believed to involve interactions between t lymphocytes and macrophages. a major role for serum-mediated effector mechanisms in the protection of humans from reinfection with leishmania, however, has not been ruled out. in this report, amastigotes of l. donovani were incubated with dilutions of serum from normal subjects and from patients with kala-azar. normal serum was cytotoxic for p ... | 1985 | 3917426 |
| activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo by interferon-gamma. | to determine the role of ifn-gamma in the activation of resident mouse peritoneal macrophages, crude macrophage-activating lymphokines were incubated with a monoclonal anti-murine ifn-gamma antibody. this treatment abolished the capacity of mitogen-induced lymphokines to enhance either h2o2 release or activity against the intracellular protozoa toxoplasma gondii and leishmania donovani. all macrophage-activating factor detected by these assays was also removed by passing the lymphokines over a s ... | 1985 | 3918107 |
| c-reactive protein binds leishmanial excreted factors. | excreted factors from leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani are precipitated by human and rabbit c-reactive protein. the reaction is calcium dependent and appears to be similar to that reported to occur between c-reactive protein and various galactans. the absence of phosphate and n-acetyl galactosamine suggests that the reaction is not the result of any similarity of the excreted factors to pneumococcal c-polysaccharide. | 1985 | 3919399 |
| murine kupffer cells. mononuclear phagocytes deficient in the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates. | murine kupffer cells (kc) were isolated by a high yield collagenase perfusion technique. the morphology, surface markers, and secretory products were typical of macrophages in other tissues. however, kc released negligible levels of h2o2 and o-2, in contrast to peritoneal macrophages. kc oxygen consumption was not increased by agents triggering a respiratory burst in peritoneal cells. moreover, kc capacity to secrete reactive oxygen intermediates (roi), in contrast to ia antigen expression, was ... | 1985 | 3921651 |
| mouse chromosome 1 ity locus regulates microbicidal activity of isolated peritoneal macrophages against a diverse group of intracellular and extracellular bacteria. | the genotype of a mouse influences whether or not it will survive infection with the agent of murine typhoid, salmonella typhimurium. the best-characterized murine salmonella response gene is a chromosome 1 locus designated ity. inbred strains of mice that express the itys allele are unable to contain the net growth of salmonella typhimurium within their spleens and livers, and usually die early in the infection. by contrast, mice homozygous or heterozygous for the ityr allele are able to contro ... | 1985 | 3923111 |
| human monocyte activation for cytotoxicity against intracellular leishmania donovani amastigotes: induction of microbicidal activity by interferon-gamma. | macrophages are pivotal cells in interactions of man and leishmania. leishmanial disease results from intracellular infection of macrophages: parasitized cells are seen in smears or biopsy specimens of lesions; macrophages cultured in vitro support replication of parasites. paradoxically, parasite destruction is also mediated by macrophages, which become highly cytotoxic after exposure to immune lymphocytes or their lymphokine (lk) products. the precise molecular mechanisms by which lymphocytes ... | 1985 | 3928173 |
| [hypotheses on the origin of certain parasites on the latin american continent]. | the south american continent has been connected to africa over millions of centuries. in prehistorical time, the filling of the bering strait allowed passage on firm ground between asia and north america. south american peopling has thus occurred from north america, through the pacific sea and, from the 15th century a.c., through the atlantic. necator americanus was present in south america prior to the arrival of black slaves and its african origin is probably related to contacts between africa ... | 1985 | 3928184 |
| response of balb/c mice to leishmanial infection. | 1985 | 3930154 | |
| gamma interferon activates human macrophages to become tumoricidal and leishmanicidal but enhances replication of macrophage-associated mycobacteria. | recombinant human gamma interferon (rifn-gamma) was examined for its ability to activate human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages to kill tumor cells and to affect the replication of two phylogenetically distinct intracellular pathogens, mycobacterium tuberculosis and leishmania donovani. macrophages preincubated overnight with doses of rifn-gamma from 5 to 500 u/ml killed [3h]thymidine-labeled mouse l929 tumor targets, as measured by the release of [3h]thymidine into the supernatant ... | 1985 | 3930401 |
| liver macrophages (kupffer cells) as cytotoxic effector cells in extracellular and intracellular cytotoxicity. | the potential of the resident murine kupffer cell to be cytotoxic in extra- and intracellular killing systems in vitro was investigated. kupffer cells exerted no spontaneous cytotoxicity but were readily susceptible to activation with lymphokines. such activated kupffer cells very efficiently killed extracellular p815 cells and intracellular leishmania spp. parasites. kupffer cells could be induced to proliferate in vitro under the influence of colony-stimulating factor (d.-m. chen, h.-s. lin, p ... | 1985 | 3932206 |
| a mr 90 000 surface polypeptide of trypanosoma cruzi as a candidate for a chagas' disease diagnostic antigen. | trypanosoma cruzi (peru strain) trypomastigotes and epimastigotes were biosynthetically labeled with [35s]methionine, and the proteins were analyzed by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2d-page). 2d-page analysis of the trypomastigotes showed a complex array of polypeptides with distinct clusters at mr 88 000-92 000, isoelectric point (pi) 5.6-6.0, and mr 72 000-76 000, pi 5.6-5.8. 2d-page analysis of the epimastigotes did not show the cluster of polypeptides at mr 90 000. when ... | 1985 | 3932849 |
| absence of gamma interferon and interleukin 2 production during active visceral leishmaniasis. | the lymphocytes from eight patients with active visceral leishmaniasis (vl), a disease associated with marked immunologic dysfunction, were examined for ability to produce interleukin 2 (il-2) and gamma interferon during in vitro cultivation. it was found that both il-2 and gamma interferon production, in response to leishmania antigen, was absent during the active disease, but was restored after successful chemotherapy. untreated vl patients produced il-2 and gamma interferon when stimulated wi ... | 1985 | 3935667 |
| [trials for optimization of the culture conditions of human pathogenic trypanosomas and leishmania]. | due to the extended political, cultural and economic relations with tropical countries a good knowledge of tropical diseases is required. since the direct parasitological diagnosis is superior to the serological one it seems logical to improve the culture conditions for laboratory diagnosis and for immunological and chemotherapeutical tests. trypanosoma cruzi (chagas) and leishmania donovani (kala-azar) were tested in vitro. enlargement of the culture surface at the same volume of the medium at ... | 1985 | 3937462 |
| fine structures of leishmania parasites from racoon dog. | 1985 | 3938712 | |
| [characterization of antigens recognized by mcabs against promastigotes of l. donovani xinjian strain]. | 1985 | 2426814 | |
| macromolecular synthesis in leishmania donovani amastigotes. | 1985 | 2409259 | |
| antigen recognition by effector t cells in antileishmanial defense. | we have observed that t cells (ly1+2-) from draining lymph nodes of mice that have footpad infections with leishmania major activate macrophages for antileishmanial effects in vitro in an apparently contact-dependent, noncytotoxic manner. the nature of antigenic specificity in this system was investigated. whereas lymphocytes sensitized to l. major induced antileishmanial effects in macrophages infected with l. major, lymphocytes sensitized to listeria monocytogenes were ineffective. when macrop ... | 1985 | 2413143 |
| somatic and excretory polysaccharide antigens of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | leishmania donovani promastigotes were found to release excretory-secretory antigens (esa) in the culture medium which reacted against rabbit antiserum to live promastigotes (ra-lp). the active material was purified and found to contain mainly polysaccharides with about 23% of protein. a polysaccharide-rich antigen (pra) was also isolated from the promastigote debris by the phenol-water extraction procedure. when tested against ra-lp in agar gel diffusion, both the preparations were found to be ... | 1985 | 2417581 |
| subcellular and taxonomic specificity of monoclonal antibodies to new world leishmania. | murine monoclonal antibodies to flagellar, surface membrane and cytoplasmic antigens of new world leishmania were assessed for their taxonomic specificity in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with three genera of the family trypanosomatidae and three species and seven subspecies of the genus leishmania. antibodies exhibiting exclusive reactivity with either the flagellum, flagellar pocket, kinetoplast, or nucleus lacked specificity at all phylogenetic levels and, in fact, recognized epitopes co ... | 1985 | 2422966 |
| immune responses to t-dependent and t-independent antigens during visceral leishmaniasis in mice: evidence for altered t-cell regulation of immune responses to non-parasite antigens. | antibody responses to t-dependent and t-"independent" antigens were studied in disease-susceptible (balb/c and c57bl/10) and disease-resistant (a/j) mice infected with leishmania donovani chagasi. disease-susceptible mice but not disease-resistant mice showed a transient decrease in pfc responses to tnp on a t-dependent carrier (bgg) during the period of 4-8 weeks after infection. infected disease-susceptible animals also showed increased responses to tnp on a type ii t-independent carrier (fico ... | 1985 | 2424616 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in congenic mice of susceptible and resistant phenotypes: immunosuppression by adherent spleen cells. | visceral leishmaniasis is one of several parasitic diseases of humans characterized by immune suppression. a murine model of disseminated leishmaniasis utilizing inbred strains of specific genetic constitution was used to study the mechanisms of immunosuppression elicited during the course of infection. resistant (lshr) and susceptible (lshs) strains of mice were challenged with amastigotes of leishmania donovani and evaluated as to immune status at intervals between 2 and 40 weeks after challen ... | 1985 | 2931376 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in congenic mice of susceptible and resistant phenotypes: t-lymphocyte-mediated immunosuppression. | this paper continues a comparative study (a. d. nickol and p. f. bonventre, infect. immun. 50:160-168, 1985) describing immune responses exhibited by congenic, lshs mouse strains c57b1/10 (cure) and b10.d2 (noncure) during the course of disseminated leishmaniasis. we report that sublethal whole-body irradiation of b10.d2 mice before challenge with leishmania donovani converted the noncuring mice to a curing phenotype. splenic lymphocytes from l. donovani-infected b10.d2 mice failed to proliferat ... | 1985 | 2931377 |
| leishmania donovani: cellular and humoral immune responses after primary and challenge infections in squirrel monkeys, saimiri sciureus. | cellular and humoral immune responses were studied in squirrel monkeys after primary and challenge infection with a khartoum strain (wr 378) of leishmania donovani. each of 7 squirrel monkeys, saimiri sciureus, was inoculated intravenously with 5 x 10(7) amastigotes/kg body weight, and one other monkey (control) was inoculated with uninfected hamster spleen homogenate. five infected monkeys recovered from visceral leishmaniasis and two infected monkeys died. three of the five squirrel monkeys wh ... | 1986 | 2940111 |
| cloning of leishmania donovani genes encoding antigens recognized during human visceral leishmaniasis. | in this report we describe the construction and analysis of a genomic library of leishmania donovani gene segments in the bacteriophage vector lambda gt11. this cloning vector permits the expression of parasite polypeptides as fusion products with escherichia coli beta-galactosidase. a group of 90 clones which express l. donovani antigens have been isolated from this library using various polyvalent antisera. many of these clones appear to encode parasite membrane antigens some of which are reco ... | 1986 | 2940461 |
| presence of a macrophage-mediated suppressor cell mechanism during cell-mediated immune response in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | in susceptible balb/c mice, systemic intracellular infection with leishmania donovani provokes generation of adherent spleen cells which can suppress both mitogen- and specific-antigen-stimulated t-cell responses. to characterize the responsible suppressor cell, we irradiated (2,000 r) adherent spleen cells from l. donovani-infected mice or treated them with anti-thy-1.2 antibody plus complement. neither anti-t-cell treatment diminished the capacity to inhibit lymphocyte proliferative activity. ... | 1986 | 2945788 |
| [strains of the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis from southeastern turkmenistan and the results of their trial with golden hamsters]. | 1986 | 2948101 | |
| evidence for common antigens on human non-adherent synoviocytes (type a) and peripheral monocytes. | the characterization of a homogeneous non-adherent synoviocyte (type a) cell population (greater than or equal to 95%) from non-rheumatoid patients by culturing the cells in the presence of forty percent foetal calf serum is reported. these cells were able to phagocyte latex beads, iron particles, fluoresceinated zymosan and yeast. furthermore, non-adherent synoviocytes were capable of being infected by the obligate intracellular parasite of peripheral monocytes leishmania donovani. indirect imm ... | 1986 | 2948255 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies to metacyclic trypomastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi. | monoclonal antibodies were produced and characterized to the metacyclic trypomastigotes stage of trypanosoma cruzi. all the monoclonal antibodies (gr-12c/5; gr-p2b/5; gr-f2b/1; gr-j2c/6; gr-e6b/3; gr-a5b/5) also recognized antigens of epimastigotes of t. cruzi. these antigens are associated with the plasma membrane, flagellum, and an intracellular structure located by the nucleus. immunoprecipitation using the monoclonal antibodies gr-j2c/6 and gr-e6b/3 followed by sds-page analysis has led to t ... | 1986 | 2424824 |
| mechanisms of action of pyrazolopyrimidines in leishmania donovani. | we investigated the antileishmanial actions of the pyrazolopyrimidines allopurinol (4-hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine), thiopurinol (4-thiopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine), and aminopurinol (4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine). these compounds affect several metabolic processes. the first is the inhibition of gmp reductase by the imp analogues allopurinol ribonucleoside monophosphate and thipurinol ribonucleoside monophosphate which reduces the organism's ability to synthesize atp from guanine. second, ... | 1986 | 2424909 |
| a sensitive staining technique for the detection of phosphohydrolase activities after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | a sensitive colorimetric method for the determination of pi in the range 0.5-10 nmol has been adapted for detection of several phosphohydrolase activities in polyacrylamide gels. this procedure, which leads to the formation of a malachite green-phosphomolybdate complex, may be used with many commonly studied enzymes, such as acid and alkaline phosphatases, nucleotidases, and atpases. since detergents do not interfere with color development, this assay is useful for monitoring the activity of det ... | 1986 | 2421605 |
| characterization of cellular immune response to chemically defined glycoconjugates from leishmania mexicana subsp. amazonensis. | two defined glycoconjugates (gp-10/20 and fr ii phe) purified from leishmania mexicana subsp. amazonensis were analyzed with respect to their ability to induce cellular responses in immunized and infected mice. each glycoconjugate was recognized by specific immune cells, as assessed by the proliferative response of lymph node cells of immunized mice. the response to gp-10/20 depended on helper t cells and antigen-presenting cells and was restricted by a major histocompatibility complex class ii ... | 1986 | 2416692 |
| [a method of determining anti-dna antibodies using leishmania donovani diagnosticum]. | 1986 | 2429059 | |
| [comparative study of the membrane and cytoplasmic antigens of 2 species of leishmania (trypanosomatidae, leishmania)]. | 1986 | 2429168 | |
| [preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against leishmania donovani]. | 1986 | 2431807 | |
| detection of microtubules of the flagellate trichomonas vaginalis by monoclonal antibodies specific for beta-tubulin. | monoclonal antibodies specific for mammalian beta-tubulin recognized the microtubule cytoskeleton of the flagellated protozoon trichomonas vaginalis. of seven antibodies, two demonstrated the axostyle, costa, recurrent flagellum, and anterior flagella by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. the remaining five stained a hazy reticular pattern in the cytoplasm of formaldehydefixed, detergent-extracted organisms. western immunoblots of whole t. vaginalis extracts treated with protease inhibitors ... | 1986 | 2432269 |
| effect of hydroxyethyl starch (hes) in reducing parasite load in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | leishmania donovani primarily infects phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system. hydroxyethyl starch (hes) has been shown to concentrate transiently in these organs. the effect of hes administration was assessed upon infection and also upon vaccination against this parasite. animals received hes intraperitoneally thrice weekly, either alone (hes) or with a subcutaneous immunization protocol utilizing aluminum hydroxide and killed parasites (alp-hes). controls were untreated (nt) or rece ... | 1986 | 2432827 |
| selection of a skin test antigen for american visceral leishmaniasis. | studies were designed to examine skin test responses to leishmanial antigens in american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) in brazil. we found that after recovery from avl, patients had positive delayed hypersensitivity reactions to leishmania. different amounts of a soluble extract obtained from leishmania donovani chagasi promastigotes were compared with whole l. d. chagasi promastigotes in persons with past avl. the most effective soluble preparations tested contained 25 and 50 micrograms leishman ... | 1986 | 3946739 |
| activity of pentamidine-containing human red cell ghosts against visceral leishmaniasis in the hamster. | a recent approach to the chemotherapy of visceral leishmaniasis has been the encapsulation of clinical agents within macrophage directed carriers such as liposomes. because in mammals leishmania are obligate intramacrophage microorganisms, injection of an encapsulated drug should deliver large quantities of drug to the organisms, thus decreasing both the number of drug administrations needed for cure and drug toxicity. drugs contained within red cell ghosts have been used clinically to treat oth ... | 1986 | 3953944 |
| a hand-held photometer for quantitative dot-immunobinding assays. | a simple multichannel transmission photometer is presented. this instrument is designed to give a quantitative result from dot-immunobinding assays. the optoelectronic components of the system (yellow gap light-emitting diode and cds photoresistor) have been selected to match the absorbance maximum of the product generated by the peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of 4-chloro-1-naphthol. the standard deviation of duplicate measures is lower than 0.5% on a single channel and lower than 1.5% on differ ... | 1986 | 3954032 |
| electrophoretic analysis of the polypeptides of leishmania amastigotes and promastigotes. | the polypeptides of leishmania mexicana mexicana (m379), l. m. amazonensis (lv78), l. major (lv39) and l. d. donovani (lv39) amastigotes and cultured promastigotes have been analysed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the polypeptide banding patterns of the promastigotes of the four species were quite similar, but distinct differences were detected between those of amastigotes. the results suggest that the various species of leishmania are adapted differently for survival and growth in t ... | 1986 | 3956174 |
| karyotype analysis of leishmania species and its use in classification and clinical diagnosis. | chromosomes of four species of leishmania represented by ten different geographic isolates were analyzed by pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis (pfg) to assess chromosome stability in these parasitic protozoans. among different geographic isolates of the same subspecies, more than two-thirds of chromosomes had similar sizes, ethidium bromide staining intensities, and locations of alpha,beta-tubulin genes. however, among new world leishmania, members of different species or subspecies have ... | 1986 | 3961502 |
| characterization of inositol lipids from leishmania donovani promastigotes: identification of an inositol sphingophospholipid. | inositol lipids account for 15% of the total cellular phospholipids of leishmania donovani promastigotes. four major inositol lipids were identified and characterized: phosphatidylinositol (pi), phosphatidylinositol phosphate (pi-p), phosphatidylinositol diphosphate (pi-p2), and an inositol sphingophospholipid (insl). diacyl and alkyl acyl pi were identified. the major esterified fatty acids of pi, pi-p, and pi-p2 were similar and unlike those of mammalian inositol glycerolipids. leishmania inos ... | 1986 | 3559392 |
| anti-parasite activity of nucleoside analogues: the metabolism of carbocyclic inosine in promastigotes of leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani and its activity against amastigotes of leishmania donovani in vitro. | carbocyclic inosine is a potent inhibitor for the growth of the promastigote form of leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani. in culture, the ec50 values of carbocyclic inosine are 8.3 x 10(-8) and 1.3 x 10(-7) m for the promastigotes of l. tropica and l. donovani, respectively. on the other hand, it is less toxic towards mouse mammary tumor fm3a cells: the ec50 value is 2.7 x 10(-4)m. carbocyclic inosine is metabolized by leishmania promastigotes to give carbocyclic adenosine-5'-triphosphate ... | 1986 | 3562260 |
| the agglutination of erythrocytes and leishmania parasites by sandfly gut extracts: evidence for lectin activity. | lysates of heads, hind- and midguts of male and female phlebotomus papatasi were found to contain lectins or lectin-like molecules capable of agglutinating human red blood cell types of the abo(h) system and promastigotes of leishmania aethiopica, l. major and l. donovani but not l. hertigi hertigi promastigotes or crithidia fasciculata choanomastigotes. the agglutination of erythrocytes from the human o rhesus positive blood group by sandfly midgut extracts was inhibited by two disaccharides; t ... | 1986 | 3563322 |
| concurrent human infection with leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. | in the suburban district of campo grande, municipality of rio de janeiro (brazil) cases of both leishmania domovani and l. b. braziliensis infections occur. in march 1982 we examined a white male child, five years old, with fever, weight loss and distended abdomen, symptoms said to have started three months before. after the first month a papular lesion appeared on his forehead, rapidly increasing in size and becoming ulcerated: parasites were isolated from both the ulcer and the bone marrow by ... | 1986 | 3675032 |
| active cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil, induced by leishmania donovani chagasi. | l.d. chagasi was isolated from active cutaneous leishmaniasis in both human and canine infections in an endemic area in rio de janeiro, brazil. both isolates were identified by molecular and immunological characterization of the parasite using three different methods: electrophoretic mobility of isoenzymes; restriction endonuclease fragment analysis of kdna and serodeme analysis using monoclonal antibodies. this seems to be the first well documented case in the new world of a "viscerotropic" lei ... | 1986 | 3574128 |
| [detecting l. donovani circulating antigen by mcab in the diagnosis of kala-azar]. | 1986 | 3804301 | |
| [investigation of non-specific immune suppression in dba/1 mouse infected by l. donovani]. | 1986 | 3804302 | |
| leishmania and trypanosoma surface glycoproteins have a common glycophospholipid membrane anchor. | the variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) of the african trypanosomes is the major membrane protein of the plasma membrane of the bloodstream stage of the parasite. it is anchored in the plasma membrane by a glycolipid covalently bound to the c-terminal amino acid of the protein. the vsg is released through the action of a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c that removes dimyristoylglycerol and exposes the carbohydrate antigenic determinant common to all vsgs. promastigotes of leishmania ... | 1986 | 3461472 |
| the suitability of east african primates as animal models of visceral leishmaniasis. | the susceptibility of four east african primate species to experimental infection with leishmania donovani was investigated. vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops), sykes monkeys (c. mitis) and baboons (papio cynocephalus) all supported low grade infections for periods ranging between four and eight months and subsequently showed evidence of self-cure. greater bushbabies (galago crassicaudatus) remained completely refractory throughout the course of the experiment. the significance of hepatic h ... | 1986 | 3810791 |
| antileishmanial activity of liposome-encapsulated amphotericin b in hamsters and monkeys. | visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) results from parasitization of the macrophages of the liver, spleen, and the rest of the visceral reticuloendothelial system with leishmania donovani. pentavalent antimony is the drug of choice for leishmaniasis chemotherapy; amphotericin b (amb) is active but is rarely used, because of drug toxicity. amb encapsulated within macrophage-directed carriers (liposomes) has been used to treat humans with systemic mycoses complicating neoplastic diseases; dosages of ... | 1986 | 3813512 |
| conversion of radiolabelled ethanolamine plasmalogen into the dimethylethanolamine and choline analogue via transphosphatidylation by phospholipase d from cabbage. | starting from biosynthetically prepared ethanolamine plasmalogen 14c-labelled in the o-alkenyl moiety, choline and dimethylethanolamine plasmalogen were prepared by transphosphatidylation utilizing phospholipase d from cabbage. investigation of the time course of the reaction showed that transphosphatidylation was simultaneously accompanied by hydrolysis of both the substrate and the desired product, resulting in a maximum of product yield after 1-3 h under the reaction conditions investigated. ... | 1986 | 3815628 |
| quantitative grading of leishmania donovani amastigotes in bone marrow aspirates smears. | 1986 | 3817928 | |
| [interaction of leishmania donovani promastigotes with peritoneal exudate cells of mice as affected by chymotrypsin]. | 1986 | 3823739 | |
| a spectrum in the susceptibility of leishmanial strains to intracellular killing by murine macrophages. | the susceptibility of 26 strains and clones of leishmania to in vitro killing by lymphokine (lk)-activated macrophages was determined. a spectrum in the susceptibility of leishmania to macrophage killing was observed. some leishmanias were completely resistant to killing, including some but not all of the l. mexicana strains studied. this resistance was expressed in amastigotes and stationary growth-phase promastigotes, but not in logarithmic promastigotes. in contrast, some l. braziliensis para ... | 1986 | 3511147 |
| a protein a-binding, polyethylene glycol precipitation-based immunoradiometric assay. application to the detection of immune complexes and c3 in human sera and of private antigens in cross-reacting parasite extracts. | an immunoradiometric assay, based on the precipitation of antigen-antibody complexes by polyethylene glycol (peg) and on the subsequent binding of peg-soluble radiolabelled staphylococcal protein a to the peg-insoluble complexes, is described. the assay can be applied to the detection of naturally occurring, circulating immune complexes, and of complexes artificially created by mixing antigen and antibody solutions, which makes it of potential use for the detection of either antigen or antibody ... | 1986 | 3517172 |
| phagocytosis of leishmania infantum promastigotes by monocytes isolated from leishmania-infected dogs. | fifteen dogs with generalised leishmaniasis have been evaluated for their monocyte capacity to ingest leishmania promastigotes. these cells displayed a lower phagocytic ability when compared to monocytes recovered from normal dogs. moreover, sera from leishmania-infected dogs caused a remarkable decrease of monocyte phagocytic ability in healthy dogs, whereas sera from healthy dogs could restore monocyte phagocytosis in sick animals. similar results were seen when candida albicans was used as st ... | 1986 | 3520243 |
| leishmania mexicana: amastigote hydrolases in unusual lysosomes. | leishmania mexicana mexicana (m379) amastigotes were found to contain much higher activities than cultured promastigotes of five putative lysosomal enzymes: cysteine proteinase; arylsulfatase (ec 3.1.6.1); beta-glucuronidase (ec 3.2.1.31); dnase (ec 3.1.22.1), and rnase (ec 3.1.27.1). the release profiles of the first three of these enzymes from digitonin-permeabilized amastigotes suggests that they are located within organelles. cytochemical staining for cysteine proteinase, using gold labeled ... | 1986 | 3522261 |
| leishmaniasis donovani presenting as an isolated lesion in the larynx. | a case of leishmaniasis of the larynx caused by leishmania donovani occurring in a 42-year-old man is reported. the oral cavity and the upper respiratory tract are commonly involved in mucocutaneous american leishmaniasis, but are less frequently reported in the 'old world'. the primary and isolated location in the larynx is exceptional. the immunoperoxidase technique using antisera to anti-l. donovani is a useful method to identify the parasite. | 1986 | 3523370 |
| reciprocal relationships between undernutrition and the parasitic disease visceral leishmaniasis. | little is known about the interrelationship between undernutrition and parasitic infections in areas of the world where both are prevalent. the associations between undernutrition and visceral leishmaniasis, an important protozoal disease, were assessed in a study of residents of an area in brazil with endemic leishmaniasis. mid-arm anthropometry was used to assess fat and muscle area. children with visceral leishmaniasis came from large families (9.6 +/- 1.1 members vs. 6.8 +/- 0.7 members in n ... | 1986 | 3523702 |
| expression of the natural resistance gene (lsh) in wild mice infected experimentally with leishmania donovani or salmonella typhimurium. | 1986 | 3525014 | |
| macrophage type 3 complement receptors mediate serum-independent binding of leishmania donovani. detection of macrophage-derived complement on the parasite surface by immunoelectron microscopy. | in this study, direct visual evidence for local opsonization of l. donovani by macrophage (m phi)-derived complement components was obtained using immunoelectron microscopy. c3 deposition was detected on the surface of both promastigotes and amastigotes after 20 min serum-free incubation with murine resident peritoneal m phi (rpm), followed by fixation and incubation first with specific antibody directed against c3 and then with gold-labelled protein a. gold deposition was not observed around ei ... | 1986 | 3531384 |
| a new liquid medium without blood and serum for culture of hemoflagellates. | a liquid medium without blood or serum was developed for cultivation of hemoflagellates. to a basic lit medium containing liver infusion broth and tryptose, a mixture of rpmi 1640 and medium 199 was added. this combination permitted high parasite yields useful for biochemical and immunological studies. | 1986 | 3532849 |
| biosynthetic preparation of radioactively labelled ethanolamine plasmalogen (1-o-[1'-14c]octadec-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanola mine) using a protozoan cell culture. | ethanolamine plasmalogen radiolabelled mainly in the o-alkenyl moiety was prepared from cell suspension cultures of the flagellate leishmania donovani previously incubated with [1-14c]octadecanol over one growth period. the optimal concentration of [1-14c]octadecanol for labelling was shown to be 1 microm, when 60% of total lipid radioactivity appeared in the 1,2-diradyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine fraction, with an overall yield of approx. 35%. analysis of this fraction revealed that 93% o ... | 1986 | 3536139 |
| [detection of circulating antigens by mcab-ast for evaluation of the therapeutic effect of kala-azar cases]. | 1986 | 3557420 | |
| a new medium for large scale production of leishmania donovani promastigotes for biochemical studies. | 1986 | 3557564 | |
| nutrition of leishmania donovani donovani: growth in new semidefined & completely chemically defined media. | 1986 | 3557565 | |
| leishmania infantum, causative organism of visceral leishmaniasis at biskra (algeria) | 1986 | 3603629 | |
| two episodes of cutaneous leishmaniasis in man caused by different zymodemes of leishmania infantum s.l. | 1986 | 3603630 | |
| elisa titres to polysaccharide antigens of leishmania donovani promastigotes in kala-azar. | 1986 | 3603654 | |
| [visceral leishmaniasis mimicking histiocytic marrow reticulosis]. | 1986 | 3704884 | |
| use of modified grace's insect medium for the primary isolation of leishmania donovani donovani in bihar, india. | grace's insect medium, supplemented with 20% (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (fbs) and 15% defibrinated pooled rabbit blood is statistically shown to be more sensitive than modified nnn medium (p less than 0.05), grace's insect medium with 20% (v/v) and grace's insect medium with 30% (v/v) fbs (p less than 0.01) for in vitro primary isolation of promastigotes of leishmania donovani donovani from cultures of bone marrow aspirates. this medium has been found to be especially useful for p ... | 1986 | 3706619 |
| leishmania braziliensis: development of primary and satellite lesions in the experimentally infected owl monkey, aotus trivirgatus. | twelve male and 8 female feral owl monkeys, aotus trivirgatus, were inoculated intradermally at the dorsal base of the tail with 2 x 10(7) promastigotes (strains wr 128 or wr 539) or 5 x 10(5) amastigotes (strain wr 128) of leishmania braziliensis panamensis, and the progression and regression of subsequent lesions were examined for up to 13 or 54 weeks after inoculation. three of these monkeys had been infected previously with l. donovani, had been treated with meglumine antimoniate, and had re ... | 1986 | 3709751 |
| evidence that leishmania donovani utilizes a mannose receptor on human mononuclear phagocytes to establish intracellular parasitism. | the pathogenic protozoan leishmania donovani must gain entrance into mononuclear phagocytes to successfully parasitize man. the parasite's extra-cellular promastigote stage is ingested by human peripheral blood monocytes or monocyte-derived macrophages in the absence of serum, in a manner characteristic of receptor-mediated endocytosis. we have found remarkable similarities between the macrophage receptor(s) for promastigotes and a previously characterized eucaryotic receptor system, the mannose ... | 1986 | 3711662 |
| [experimental models of cutaneous leishmaniasis in laboratory animals]. | a survey of literature on modelling cutaneous leishmaniasis of man (common and metastatic) on some lines of mice, guinea pigs, golden hamsters infected with different species of leishmania is given. merits and demerits of each described model are pointed out. | 1986 | 3714297 |
| serum protein from leishmania brasiliensis infected hamster that suppress lymphocyte response of normal hamster lymphocytes. | immunosuppression in leishmania brasiliensis (lb) or l. donovani (ld) infected hamsters is correlated with the appearance of two serum protein bands found at 21, 60, 68 and 76 days post lb-infection and with eight bands at 21 days post-ld-infection probably of host origin. a protein band from lb-infected hamster serum isolated by electrofocusing, suppressed the blastogenic response of normal lymphocytes to t and b cell mitogens. | 1986 | 3716539 |
| three-dimensional reconstructions of the mitotic spindle and dense plaques in three species of leishmania. | the ultrastructure of the mitotic nucleus in leishmania braziliensis braziliensis, l. mexicana and l. donovani was studied by serial thin sections and three-dimensional reconstructions of each divisional stage. the structures of the interphase and four stages of dividing nuclei were described. attention was paid to dense plaques and spindle microtubules. at the beginning of the nuclear division, a set of six dense plaques was found in association with spindle microtubules in the vicinity of the ... | 1986 | 3716540 |
| intestinal amyloidosis in hamsters with visceral leishmaniasis. | thirty hamsters about 10 weeks old were inoculated intraperitoneally with leishmania donovani amastigotes and were serially killed after 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 85-90 days. both the small and large intestines were examined grossly, and the histopathology was assessed by light and electron microscopy. the lamina propria and the submucosa of the whole length of the intestinal tract showed a progressive deposition of amyloid, selectively identified by optical and ultrastructural techniques. the pres ... | 1986 | 3718842 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis. | 1986 | 3718868 | |
| leishmaniasis in brazil. xxii: characterization of leishmania from man, dogs and the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) isolated during an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in santarém, pará state. | during epidemiological studies on an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in santarém, pará state, north brazil, isolates of leishmania from two children, three dogs and six naturally infected specimens of the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis were compared, biochemically, by starch-gel enzyme electrophoresis. they have proved to be indistinguishable from each other, and from a reference strain of leishmania chagasi cunha & chagas, 1937 from a case of human visceral leishmaniasis from bahia state, nor ... | 1986 | 3726975 |
| experimental visceral leishmaniasis in the owl monkey. | visceral leishmaniasis developed in eight owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus) after intravenous inoculation with a khartoum strain (wr378) of leishmania donovani. six monkeys died within 93 days, and two monkeys recovered from the disease. clinically, signs were weight loss, anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly. hematologic findings included anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphocytosis. analysis of serum or plasma revealed hyperbilirubinemia, azotemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, ... | 1986 | 3727315 |
| suppression of lymphocyte proliferative responses by sera from patients with american visceral leishmaniasis. | we examined the effect of sera from 11 patients with american visceral leishmaniasis on mitogen-driven lymphocyte proliferative capacity. all sera inhibited lymphocyte proliferation of patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) when stimulated by either phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin a or pokeweed mitogen. serum was also strongly inhibitory for concanavalin a-pulsed normal volunteers' pmbc. the effect of the serum was not due to cytotoxicity, inadequate nutritional support or altered ... | 1986 | 3728795 |
| effect of monosaccharides on uptake of leishmania donovani promastigotes by murine macrophages. | 1986 | 3733134 | |
| mechanism of action of amphotericin b on leishmania donovani promastigotes. | the growth of leishmania donovani promastigotes in a liquid medium was completely inhibited by amphotericin b at a concentration of 0.3 microgram ml-1 (0.3 microm). continuous release of small molecules that absorb at 260 nm and 280 nm was observed after contact with the drug. uptake of [u-14c]glucose was inhibited in cells treated with the drug. an immediate release of isotopic glucose and its metabolites from preloaded cells could be demonstrated after incubation with amphotericin b (0.4 micro ... | 1986 | 3736592 |
| [experimental assessment of the ability of different species of sandfly to transmit the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis]. | the authors succeeded in transmission of the visceral leishmaniasis agent (kazakh strain of leishmania infantum) through the sand flies phlebotomus longiductus, p. smirnovi and p. papatasi under experimental conditions. infected p. longiductus and p. smirnovi are capable of preserving the agent and infecting the susceptible mammals after the cessation of the 1st and 2nd gonotrophic cycles. p. papatasi transmitted the agent of visceral leishmaniasis only after the cessation of the 2nd gonotrophic ... | 1986 | 3737235 |
| inhibition of lymphokine-induced macrophage microbicidal activity against leishmania major by liposomes: characterization of the physicochemical requirements for liposome inhibition. | resident peritoneal macrophages from untreated mice develop potent microbicidal activity against amastigotes of leishmania major after in vitro treatment with lymphokine (lk) from mitogen-stimulated spleen cells. lk-induced macrophage microbicidal activity was completely and selectively abrogated by treatment with phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine (pc/ps) liposomes. other macrophage effector functions (phagocytosis, tumoricidal activity) were unaffected, as was cytotoxicity by macrophages a ... | 1986 | 3745916 |
| a prospective study of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of brazil. | the epidemiology, clinical patterns, and risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis were prospectively studied in an endemic area of brazil. the prevalence of disease was 3.1% for children less than 15 years of age, and the annual incidence was 4.3 cases per 1,000 children. the number of children with disease fluctuated yearly and seasonally, and distribution of the disease varied within the endemic area. risk factors included young age (median, three years) and malnutrition before the onset of dis ... | 1986 | 3745974 |
| susceptibility of cebus nigrivittatus to leishmania infantum. | 1986 | 3746568 | |
| carbocyclic inosine as a potent anti-leishmanial agent: the metabolism and selective cytotoxic effects of carbocyclic inosine in promastigotes of leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani. | carbocyclic inosine is a potent inhibitor for the growth of the promastigote form of leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani. in culture, the ec50 values of carbocyclic inosine are 8.3 x 10(-8) and 1.3 x 10(-7) m for the promastigotes of l. tropica and l. donovani, respectively. on the other hand, it is less toxic towards mouse mammary tumor fm3a cells: the ec50 value is 2.7 x 10(-4) m. carbocyclic inosine is metabolized by leishmania promastigotes to give carbocyclic adenosine-5'-triphosphat ... | 1986 | 3753868 |
| purification and characterization of the extracellular acid phosphatase of leishmania donovani. | a tartrate sensitive acid phosphatase activity was purified from culture supernatants of leishmania donovani promastigotes grown in a macromolecule-free defined medium. purification was accomplished by ultrafiltration, lentil lectin affinity chromatography, and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. this enzyme was determined to be an acid glycoprotein containing 0.37 mg hexose per mg protein. a molecular weight of 134 000 by sucrose density gradient centrifugation was observed, although ... | 1986 | 3762593 |
| molecular karyotype of species and subspecies of leishmania. | the dna karyotypes of three species and several subspecies of new world leishmania were found to be distinct. the karyotypes were more similar among closely related isolates than among more distantly related groups. two classes of chromosomal dna differences were detected among stocks; +/- 50 kb size differences among dnas, some of which were shown to contain homologous sequences, and dnas having no obvious corresponding chromosomal dna in other isolates. a total of 14-24 chromosomal dna bands w ... | 1986 | 3762594 |
| adenine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient leishmania donovani. | mutant promastigotes of leishmania donovani deficient in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprtase) have been isolated in medium containing 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine. the generation of aprtase-deficient mutants occurred in two discrete steps. in the first step, clones were isolated with 50% of wildtype levels of aprtase activity. these cells were reselected and colonies totally deficient in aprtase were isolated. partially and totally aprtase-deficient cells exhibited intermediate and complete ... | 1986 | 3766243 |
| 6-thiopurine riboside analogs: their toxicity and metabolism in leishmania donovani and mammalian cells. | 1986 | 3766244 | |
| anti-leishmanial activity of methyl glyoxal. | 1986 | 3770819 | |
| identification and biochemical characterization of the plasma membrane glucose transporter of leishmania donovani. | the plasma membrane glucose transporter of leishmania donovani, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of humans, was specifically labeled, identified, and biochemically characterized. cytochalasin b, a known inhibitor of d-glucose transport in mammalian cells, but not cytochalasin e inhibited the transport of 2-deoxy-d-glucose in the extracellular promastigote form of this organism. hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azido-benzoate was used to photochemically cross-link [3h] cytochalasin b to the gluc ... | 1986 | 3771563 |