Publications

pneumocystis carinii: new separation method from lung tissue.		1979	221230
adult t-cell leukemia with generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	an autopsy case of adult t-cell leukemia with generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is reported. tumor cells had t-cell characteristics (e-rosette) and cerebriform nucleus similar to sèzary cells. generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and an ectopic pancreas in the ileum were found at the time of autopsy. histologically, leukemic infiltration was observed in almost every organ, and perivascular infiltration, vascular invasion were conspicuous find ...	1979	233285
pneumocystis carinii in the immunosuppressed child.		1979	311243
[a study of 14 cases with pneumocystis carinii infection accompanied with hematopoietic disorders (author's transl)].		1979	311388
thoracoscopy in children.	dissatisfied with standard techniques for pulmonary diagnosis in children, we have evaluated the usefulness of thoracoscopy for diagnosis of intrathoracic pathology. between july 1, 1975, and may 1, 1978, 65 thoracoscopy procedures have been performed in 57 children at the university of florida. thirty-four procedures were performed in immunosuppressed patients to rule out pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. twenty of these patients were proven to have pneumocystis pneumonia, a diagnostic accuracy o ...	1979	311621
[a study of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (author's transl)].		1979	311866
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--(a case report).		1979	312276
[percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (author's transl)].		1979	312349
[cellular and humoral immunity in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a 4-month-old infant with congenital heart defect].		1979	313037
clinical characteristics of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1979	313176
experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in different strains of cortisonized mice.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was produced in eight different strains of mice by the administration of corticosteroids, low (8%)-protein diet, and tetracycline in the drinking water. heavier degrees of p. carinii infection were most consistently found in c3h/hen mice; intermediate levels occurred in balb/c ann, c57bl/6n, b10.a(2r), akr/j, and swiss webster mice; lighter degrees were found in dba/2n and dba/ij mice. histopathologically, p. carinii organisms were morphologically indistinguishable ...	1979	313907
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as the presenting infection in congenital hypogammaglobulinemia.		1979	314502
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a study of 22 postmortem cases at chulalongkorn hospital.		1979	314966
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children.	previous descriptions of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia have emphasized a variety of radiographic patterns which most often apply to advanced disease. we reviewed the chest roentgenograms of children taken at or just after the onset of clinical symptoms. subtle but definite abnormalities of pulmonary vessels, hila, parenchyma, and aeration were observed. appreciation of these early changes is necessary to initiate prompt treatment. the role of lung biopsy and the histologic features of these pat ...	1979	315614
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: epidemiology in japan, and cyst concentration method.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has been markedly increasing recently in japan. most cases are seen after receiving anti-cancer and immunosuppressive therapy against their underlying diseases. no cases have been found in undernourished or premature infants. the authors proposed a new method which can concentrate the cysts efficiently from the human and animal lungs, and express the density of infection quantitatively at the same time. this method will especially be valuable to demonstrate the org ...	1979	315677
limited effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis on pneumocystis carinii.	trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been proven effective in the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in lower animals and humans. how effective the drug combination is in eradicating p. carinii from the host is not known. the immunosuppressed rat model was used to determine whether or not trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole effectively eradicated the organism. animals treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for as long as 6 weeks were then placed in individual isolator cages, ...	1979	315754
refractory pneumocystis carinii infection in chronic granulomatous disease: successful treatment with granulocytes.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed in an 11-year-old girl with chronic granulomatous disease who had normal cellular and humoral immunity. the patient remained febrile during treatment with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and pentamidine but became afebrile when treated with a series of 12 granulocyte transfusions combined with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. in addition to documenting p carinii infection in chronic granulomatous disease our findings suggest that granulocyte transfusions may ...	1979	316128
treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine: efficacy and toxicity.	a 39-year-old man with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia responded poorly to oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) therapy, despite excellent serum concentrations of the drug. he developed severe thrombocytopenia when pentamidine was added to the regimen. this case illustrates problems of drug efficacy and toxicity in the treatment of p carinii pneumonia and suggests caution in the use of tmp-smx and pentamidine in combination.	1979	316194
cultivation of pneumocystis carinii with wi-38 cells.	pneumocystis carinii has been successfully cultured with wi-38 human embryonic lung fibroblasts. inoculum was obtained from infected lungs of cortisone-treated sprague-dawley rats. trophozoites reached peak numbers between days 4 and 8 and grew in two subcultures, but then proliferation ceased. if primary cultures were harvested and new medium were added, a second and sometimes a third harvest could be obtained. cell monolayers were not destroyed. after growth of the initial inoculum had ceased, ...	1979	316433
[radiographic manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (author's transl)].		1979	316467
[value of needle biopsy in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1979	316889
[congenital syphilis, malnutrition and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].	a korean child aged six months with congenital syphilis and malnutrition developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. he recovered after treatment with trimethoprin/sulphamethoxazole with assisted ventilation. there was no evidence of immune deficiency. the role of congenital syphilis and malnutrition predisposing the baby to this infection is discussed.	1979	317242
pneumocystosis: a chronic respiratory distress syndrome in the dog.	pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii in two unrelated miniature dachshunds is reported. the clinical findings, gross- and histopathology and some diagnostic transmission and scanning electron microscopic features of the condition are described. although pneumocystosis has been reported from a human and a domestic goat in the republic of south africa, these are probably the first reported cases of the canine disease in this country.	1979	317832
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in chronically immunosuppressed patients. apropos of 33 cases].	the availability of drugs that are active against pneumocystis carinii has renewed interest in and underlined the difficulties of the early diagnosis pneumocystis pneumonia. a retrospective study of 33 cases was undertaken to define the optimal management. it is necessary to take into consideration the high mortality of the untreated condition and the risks of investigation and of treatment. pneumocystis pneumonia affects only those patients who are immunologicaly incompetent, particularly those ...	1979	318016
thoracoscopy. early diagnosis of interstitial pneumonitis in the immunologically suppressed child.	interstitial pneumonitis in immunosuppressed patients demands prompt diagnosis and treatment. in an effort to achieve a simple yet highly accurate method of diagnosis, we have evaluated the usefulness of thoracoscopic examination. twenty-seven procedures have been performed in 24 patients between the ages of 17 months and 18 years. all patients were immunosuppressed, most for treatment of malignant processes. all procedures have been performed under anesthesia with intravenously administered ket ...	1979	369778
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the united states.	after approximately 5 years of clinical use in great britain and other european countries, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in fixed-dose combination was introduced into the united states in 1973. as a result of sequential blockade in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid, the antimicrobial activity of the combination exceeds that of either agent alone. although the drug is approved for use in only chronic urinary-tract infection, otitis media, shigellosis, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, ma ...	1979	382938
effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on hematological recovery after total body irradiation and autologous marrow infusion in dogs.	to test the effect of the combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) on hematological recovery after bone marrow transplantation, dogs were conditioned with 1,200 r total body irradiation and then infused with autologous marrow. twenty dogs were given tmp-smx at doses equivalent to 10, 20, or 40 mg tmp/kg/day beginning on the day of marrow infusion and continued until the granulocyte count reached 10(3)/mul; in addition, one-half of the dogs received methotrexate, 0.4 mg/kg on days 1 ...	1979	386587
pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis: a serological study.	sera from 23 proven or clinically suspected cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (pcp) in immunosuppressed patients predominantly with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and from 91 normal people, were examined for antibody to p. carinii by indirect immunofluorescence. low levels of antibody were found in 51 of 91 normal people and elevated or rising titres of antibody in 18 out of 21 cases from whom paired or serial convalescent sera could be obtained.	1979	389956
the value of pneumocystis carinii antibody and antigen detection for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after marrow transplantation.	thirty-three marrow transplant patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were studied to determine the usefulness of antibody and antigen detection in the diagnosis of pneumocystis infection. antibody against p. carinii was present in one half of all patients tested, and changes in antibody titer were not helpful diagnostically. p. carinii antigen was detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the serum of 22 of 28 patients tested. fifteen of 28 patients had antigen detected before or within ...	1979	391111
[listeriosis in the kidney transplant recipients. ten cases (author's transl)].	three clinical pictures were found in ten cases of listeriosis after renal transplantation: septicemia (six cases), meningo-encephalitis (three cases) and asymtomatic but recurrent bacteriuria (one case). several features demonstrate profound immunologic disturbances in the recipient: close relationship in 9 cases out of 10 between infection and high doses of immunosuppressive drugs, unfavorable outcome of graft (accelerated rejection in 4 cases out of 10) and association in one case with lethal ...	1979	392456
diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients. prospective study of 80 cases.	over a two year period, we studied prospectively 80 cases of diffuse pneumonia at memorial sloan-kettering cancer center. in 72 per cent of these, the patient had leukemia or lymphoma. diagnostic procedures consisted of extensive serologic testing for antibody to known respiratory pathogens, including the agent of legionnaire's disease, and culturing of biopsy specimens for bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas and fungi. of 44 cases in which open lung biopsy was performed, a specific cause was found i ...	1979	420237
fiberoptic bronchoscopy in diagnosis of opportunistic lung infections: assessment of sputa, washings, brushings and biopsy specimens.	fiberoptic bronchoscopy (washings, brushings and biopsies) was done in 25 cases of proven opportunistic pulmonary infections in compromised hosts. diagnostic yields of bronchoscopic procedures and expectorated sputum were compared. sputum examination gave the lowest yield (14 percent). bronchial washings and brushings were diagnostic in 30 percent and 38 percent of patients, respectively. on transbronchial biopsy of the lung (tbb) pathogens were identified in 75 percent of patients with pneumocy ...	1979	483790
a new guinea pig mutant with abnormal hair production and immunodeficiency.	hairless guinea pigs were born in a closed colony of hartley guinea pigs. at birth, hairless guinea pigs were smaller than littermates, had wrinkled skin and stunted vibrissae. the most striking abnormality histologically was distension of the upper portion of the pilary canal with thickening of the epidermis. hairlessness resulted from production of abnormal hair shafts. preliminary work indicated that in addition to hairlessness, the guinea pigs were athymic or hypothymic. initial immunologic ...	1979	529772
[results of bronchial scrapings in interstitial pulmonary diseases in immunodeficient children (author's transl)].	endobronchial scraping was used in 53 immunodeficient children, aged 4 months to 15 years, and divided into three categories (37 receiving immunosuppression treatment, 8 with marasmus, and 8 with immunodeficiency), in order to determine the etiology of their interstitial pneumopathy. the examination was made under blind conditions in 21 cases using an intubation tube (under assisted ventilation), and with bronchoscopy under general anesthesia in the other 32 cases. three scrapings were required ...	1979	549512
misdiagnosis caused by fungal contaminant in a histological stain solution.	silver stains on tissue and cytology specimens are important in the evaluation of patients with suspected fungal infections. care must be taken, however, to prevent misinterpretation of contamination artifacts. two cases presenting such a problem are reported. the first patient had granulomatous leg lesions that microscopically showed characteristics of erythema induratum but with budding yeastlike organisms demonstrated by grocott methenamine silver stain. cultures and subsequent biopsies were ...	1980	6153661
comparison of histological and immunological techniques for detection of pneumocystis carinii in rat bronchial lavage fluid.	we compared histological and immunological techniques in the early diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in bronchial lavage fluid of steroid-treated rats. the rats were sacrificed weekly and lavage fluids were: (i) examined with cresyl echt violet and giemsa stains; (ii) examined for p. carinii antigens by indirect fluorescent-antibody, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and double-diffusion techniques, using high-titer spectific antisera to p. carinii raised in rabbits. p. carinii was detecte ...	1980	6154719
in vitro effects of antiprotozoan drugs and immune serum on pneumocystis carinii.	the in vitro survival of pneumocystis carinii isolated from the lungs of rats with glucocorticoid-induced pneumocystosis has been evaluated by quantitation of uptake of vital dyes by the organisms after exposure to a variety of drugs, immune serum, and medium enriched with macrophage lysosomal enzyme. on the basis of these tests, it appears that pentamidine and chloroquine are directly lethal to the organisms, but that suramin, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole are not. neither immune serum sup ...	1980	6156221
treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1980	6106370
cytomegalovirus and dual infection in infants.	in four unrelated infants without underlying immunodeficiency, dual infections with cytomegalovirus (cmv) and another microorganism developed. the patients included the following: (1) a 3-month-old girl with congenital cmv and perinatal cutaneous herpes simplex virus; (2) a 5-week-old girl with cmv and pneumocystis carinii; (3) a 12-week-old girl with cmv and haemophilus influenzae meningitis; and, (4) a 2 1/2-month-old girl with cmv and escherichia coli meningitis. in all four cases, the patien ...	1980	6244804
[results of a protocol for etiologic diagnosis of pneumopathies on immunosuppressed children (author's transl)].	a protocol for etiologic diagnosis has been used on 40 immuno suppressed children with pulmonary infiltrate. the purpose of this protocol is to permit an early etiologic diagnosis, concomitant infections by several pathogen agents being frequently seen. an endobronchial brushing is first performed; the results being obtained between 24 to 48 hours. if the results are negative and the patient's condition worsens we propose an open lung biopsy. thus pathogenic agent has been established in 24 case ...	1980	6252614
pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in patients with lung cancer.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was histologically documented in five patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. all patients had been treated with combination antineoplastic chemotherapy. two patients received no corticosteroids, two received no chest radiotherapy, and one received neither radiotherapy nor corticosteroids. this suggests that as more patients with lung cancer are treated with intensive chemotherapy, pulmonary infection with p carinii may become an important differential diagnostic con ...	1980	6253235
[a case of adult t-cell type lymphoma with generalized cytomegalovirus infection and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (author's transl)].		1980	6256559
[experience of the oradea children's hospital in the intra-vitam etiological diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1980	6770441
antimicrobial prophylaxis: a critique of recent trials.	most evaluations of antimicrobial prophylaxis have serious defects in design or fail to assess the clinical importance of observed differences. reports that were published in the last decade and that meet stringent criteria indicate that antimicrobial prophylaxis is justified in few circumstances and nearly always only in very short courses, often just a single dose. these situations include vaginal hysterectomies (cephalosporin or penicillin), total abdominal hysterectomies (cephalosporin), hig ...	1980	6771863
interaction of pneumocystis carinii with host lungs: an ultrastructural study.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was produced in rats by the administration of corticosteroids, low (8%) protein diet, and tetracycline in the drinking water. the rats were sacrificed at weekly intervals, and their lungs were examined by electron microscopy. for the first 6 weeks, few alterations were noted in host pulmonary tissue, except a close attachment of p. carinii trophozoites to the type i pneumocytes. at 7 to 8 weeks, when the infection reached the peak intensity on light microscopy, deg ...	1980	6971258
[acute pneumopathy with pneumocystis carinii].		1980	6971465
pneumonia during therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.	the incidence of pneumonia was evaluated in 844 children undergoing initial treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all). a total of 310 episodes occurred in 239 patients followed up for five to 36 months after diagnosis. the peak incidences occurred in the periods 0 to 20 days and 40 to 80 days after the start of antileukemic therapy. bacterial pneumonias occurred primarily during the first 20 days after diagnosis of all. no episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was noted before 40 days ...	1980	6965334
prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia. use of continuous sulfamethoxazole-trimethroprim therapy.	owing to a 15% attack rate of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (pcp) among the leukemic population of riley hospital, indianapolis, a two-year study using continuous low-dosage sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim to prevent pcp was started in january 1977. a total of 229 pediatric cancer patients considered at high risk for getting pcp received prophylaxis, while 19 additonal low-risk cancer patients did not receive sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. none of these 248 patients contracted pcp. however, fiv ...	1980	6965335
diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia using an endobronchial brushing technique. a report on twenty-one cases in immunocompromised children.	by examining the endobronchial brushings from 65 infants and children with interstitial pneumonia--characterized by a severe hypoxia and diffuse lung infiltrates--we have detected the cysts of pneumocystis carinii in 17 of 21 subsequently confirmed cases. the rapid diagnosis and subsequent specific treatment have allowed the recovery of 18 of these children. the particular significance of this article is the youth of the patients, whose ages ranged from 4 months to 15 years.	1980	6965478
prevalence of pneumocystis carinii delanoë & delanoë, 1912 in rodents in denmark.	pneumocystis carinii has been found in 17 of 90 (19%) wild living trapped brown rats (rattus norvegicus). the positive brown rats originated from about 25% of the trapping localities examined. among brown rats of two breeding stocks, h and s, pneumocysts were found in 43.5% of the h rats, but in none of the s rats. by keeping brown h rats on a low protein diet for 8 weeks, it was possible to augment the prevalence to 53.8%. pneumocystis carinii has furthermore been found in one of eight (12.5%) ...	1980	6965782
growth characteristics and pathogenesis of experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was produced in two groups of rats by the administration of corticosteroids, a low-protein (8%) diet, and tetracycline in the drinking water. a third group not on corticosteroids or a low-protein diet served as controls. members of the first group were sacrificed weekly for 8 weeks, and lungs were examined. a highly significant correlation was found between the histopathological assessment of the intensity of p. carinii infection and the number of cysts counted in ...	1980	6966614
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (author's transl)].		1980	6966696
alveolar response to experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the rat.	in order to characterize the alveolar response to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, light and electron miscropy were used to trace the development of experimental infections with p carinii in rats treated with cortisone acetate and a low-protein diet. the first changes were found by the eighth day of treatment and consisted of the selective attachment of pneumocystis organisms, mostly trophozoites, to alveolar type 1 pneumocytes; the host cells were undamaged, and no inflammatory response was seen ...	1980	6966893
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy was evaluated in 11 consecutive patients with documented pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the results compared to those from previously published studies of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for p. carinii pneumonia. although six patients needed mechanical ventilation, intravenous therapy was successful in seven of 11 patients (64%), and seven of nine patients (78%) receiving 4 or more days of intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole thera ...	1980	6966901
chemoprophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis: outcome of unstructured delivery.	sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was administered prophylactically to 786 patients judged to be at sufficient risk for development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. the selection of patients, administration of the agents, and surveillance for compliance were the responsibility of the attending oncologists rather than specialists in infectious diseases, as in an earlier trial at this center. the recommended dosage was trimethoprim, 150 mg/sq m/day, and sulfamethoxazole, 750 mg/sq m/day. over a th ...	1980	6967255
pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in young immunocompetent infants.	of 67 infants enrolled in a prospective study of infant pneumonia ten (14%) had evidence of pneumocystis carinii infection. diagnosis was achieved by demonstrating circulating p carinii antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in all ten cases and by histopathology in the only infant who underwent an open lung biopsy. antigenemia did not occur in 64 control infants (p = .003), nor in 57 patients of similar age who were hospitalized with pneumonitis due to chlamydia trachomatis, respiratory syncy ...	1980	6967588
comparison of rat, mouse, and human pneumocystis carinii by immunofluorescence.		1980	6969280
pneumocystis pneumonia in hospitals: outbreaks or improved recognition?	a presumed outbreak of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis occurred at a large teaching hospital. the diagnosis was made by lung biopsy or at autopsy in seven patients over a 22 1/2-year period and only by percutaneous lung aspirate in seven patients over a 2 1/2-year period. apparent outbreaks may be related to both an increase in the number of cases of disease and improved diagnostic methods.	1980	6969443
infections in leukemic children: a prospective analysis.	a 28-month prospective study of 54 leukemic children was carried out to determine the incidence and type of infection associated with febrile episodes. fever was caused by infections in 84 of 199 episodes (71%). two-thirds of the febrile episodes and 57% of the documented infections occurred when leukemic activity was demonstrable. however, only nine of 29 febrile episodes which occurred at the time of initial diagnosis of acute leukemia were due to infection. all serious bacterial infections oc ...	1980	6988557
legionnaires' disease bacterium: prevalence of antibody reacting with the organism in patients suspected of having infection with pneumocystis carinii.	using indirect immunofluorescence, we examined 713 serum specimens submitted for pneumocystis carinii serologic studies from 566 patients for antibody to the legionnaires' disease bacterium. this group was chosen because it presumably consisted largely of immunosuppressed patients with acute respiratory illnesses. of patients tested, 3.4% had titers of 1:128 or greater to legionella pneumophila. four (3.7%) of 107 patients for whom multiple specimens were submitted showed diagnostic increases in ...	1980	6998333
significance of diffuse pulmonary uptake in radiogallium scans: concise communication.	diffuse pulmonary uptake of radiogallium was observed in 50 out of 510 scans (9.8%) performed in a general hospital over a period of 1 yr. of the 50 cases, 80% had bilateral, diffuse distribution, and 20% unilateral. a variety of clinical conditions produced a similar picture on the pulmonary images. the most common cause of the diffuse uptake was infectious disease (48%) followed by infiltrative disorders (30%) and neoplastic conditions (22%). on a repeat study there was significant reduction i ...	1980	7381561
fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patient with hodgkin's and non-hodgkin's lymphomas.	sixty-four fiberoptic bronchoscopic examinations were performed for 58 patients with hodgkin's and non-hodgkin's lymphomas and radiographically evident pulmonary abnormalities. diagnoses were obtained in 23 cases (36%). examination of 12 lung biopsy specimens showed lymphoma and one, squamous cell carcinoma. six patients had pneumocystis carinii; 2, aspergillosis; 1 cryptococcosis; and 1, herpes simplex infection. it is recommended that fiberoptic bronchoscopy be the first invasive procedure emp ...	1980	7417947
[a case of erythroleukemia with marked chromosomal abnormality complicated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (author's transl)].		1980	6970828
[severe posttransplant lung syndrome and an acute transplanted kidney rejected crisis successfully controlled].	after a brief literature survey of the immune complications after kidney transplantation, the authors report one patient with a severe febrile-intoxication and pulmonary dyspneic syndrome with abundant x-ray findings, consisting of large nodular and diffuse striped densities, moderately dense, reminding disseminated or miliary tuberculosis, or pneumonia in case of pneumocystis carini, on the background of poor physical findings and normal pco2. the pulmonary changes disappeared after a treatment ...	1980	6998132
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a complication of cushing's syndrome.		1981	6971068
intravenous sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim: pharmacokinetics, therapeutic indications, and adverse reactions.	biogenesis of tetrahydrofolate cofactors essential for bacterial growth and survival is blocked by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. an intravenous form of the antimicrobial combination has recently been approved for the treatment of acute, symptomatic, bacterial pyelonephritis, recurrent urinary tract infections, shigellosis, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. intravenous sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim has emerged as an invaluable agent for the management of selected infections, including bacteria ...	1981	6985449
[infections in the child with acute leukemia].	one hundred and twenty-five febrile episodes in 82 children with acute leukemia were studied; 46% of the patients were from urban and 54% from rural areas. the origin of the fever was identified in 91% of the episodes, prevailing pneumonia, septicemia, chickenpox and herpes zoster. the etiological agent was identified in 46% of the cases. a viral predominance was evident, and among them varicela-zoster, following in importance gram-negative bacteria. histoplasma capsulatum and pneumocystis carin ...	1981	7259849
extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support in a case of severe status asthmaticus.	support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) can sustain life for a substantial period of time, but the role of long-term ecmo support is limited. the national institutes of health ecmo collaborative study revealed no significant reduction in mortality in adults with severe respiratory distress syndrome treated with ecmo. the value of ecmo in the treatment of transient, severe acute respiratory insufficiency has been demonstrated in patients after cardiac operations, in patients with ...	1981	7458488
humoral immunity in experimental pneumocystis carinii infection. i. serum and bronchial lavage fluid antibody responses in rats.	humoral immune responses to pneumocystis carinii were studied in rats by an ifa technique. serum igg antibody titers to the organism were diminished in rats administered corticosteroids to produce p. carinii infection but rose with steroid tapering and clearance of the organism from the lungs. a similar pattern of changes occurred in total serum igg and igm but not iga levels by single radial diffusion. serum antibody titers developed in control rats housed in the same room for greater than or e ...	1981	7014742
effect of proteolytic enzymes on pneumocystis carinii in rat lung tissue.	rat lung homogenates heavily infected with pneumocystis carinii were digested with trypsin and pronase. pneumocystis carinii cysts were examined by light and electron microscopy, and by an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) technique. cysts digested with trypsin exhibited swelling of their cell wall but stained brightly by ifa; cysts digested with pronase lost their cell wall and ability to stain by ifa. these effects were related to the concentration of the enzyme and duration of exposure. the ...	1981	7017097
combined pneumocystis carinii and nocardia asteroides pneumonitis in a patient with an acth-producing carcinoid.		1981	7020921
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: review with a case study.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a devastating disease state that is almost always fatal without appropriate therapy. the offending organism is difficult to culture, and the diagnosis is best confirmed by performing an open-lung biopsy. drug therapy includes pentamidine in doses of 4 mg/kg/d im and/or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) in doses of 20 mg/kg/d of the former and 100 mg/kg/d of the latter in four divided doses. of these two agents, tmp/smx appears to be most effective, althoug ...	1981	7026203
further light microscopic studies on morphology and development of pneumocystis carinii.	in order to add more advance in light microscopic investigation of p. carinii, phase contrast microscopy partly followed by wet giemsa stain and semiultrathin section of the lungs embedded in jb-4 plastic were studied. in phase contrast microscopy, small and large sized trophozoites of p. carinii were clearly recognized. although movement of trophozoite was not found, rhythmic movement of intracystic bodies with filopodia was often seen in mature cyst. those living organisms were then directly s ...	1981	7032149
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during immunosuppressive therapy after cadaveric renal transplantation - case report (author's transl)].		1981	7038362
acute pancreatitis associated with pentamidine therapy.	two patients receiving pentamidine isethionate for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii experienced acute pancreatitis temporally related to pentamidine therapy. in one patient, pancreatitis recurred when a second course of pentamidine therapy was given. we discuss pentamidine toxicity.	1981	6969581
the in vitro response of human lymphocytes to pneumocystis carinii antigen.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (pcp) is a major complication in the immunocompromised host. recent evidence suggests that most normal individuals have detectable antibody against this organism. the role of the various components of the immune system in protecting the host from acute pcp is unclear. we have examined the in vitro proliferative response of lymphocytes from normal adults to p. carinii antigen. fourteen of 16 subjects had a positive response with stimulation indices greater than 3. ...	1981	6969747
intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	twenty-nine immunocompromised patients were treated with intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for possible pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the diagnosis was established in 15 severely hypoxemic patients with lymphoreticular malignancy or cardiac transplants by open lung biopsy or transthoracic needle aspirate. in 13 (87 percent) of the 15, the response to therapy was rapid. they became afebrile in a mean of 2.1 days, showed improved arterial blood oxygenation in 4.7 days and improvements on ...	1981	6972167
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1981	6972850
prevalence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in severe combined immunodeficiency.		1981	6973016
course of pulmonary dysfunction in children surviving pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. a prospective study.	pulmonary function studies were done serially in 23 children 7 to 18 yrs of age who had survived the acute stage of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. each child was asymptomatic. spirometric indices, expiratory flows, pulmonary gas transfer factor, arterial blood gases, and other clinical variables were assessed a few days before patients were discharged from the hospital and at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals thereafter; two patients developed recurrent pneumonitis during follow-up and were ...	1981	6973303
pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis.		1981	6973317
poor rectal absorption of trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole in treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	a 24-year-old female with hodgkin's disease and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was tested with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (tmp/smx) tablets. because treatment failure was feared owing to chronic emesis potentially resulting in incomplete drug absorption, the same tmp/smx dose was administered by rectal suppositories after the 5th day of oral dosing. the relative fractions (rectal/oral) or the suppository dose absorbed for tmp and smx were 3.0% and 19.5% respectively. when tmp/smx treatment i ...	1981	6973756
mechanism of pulmonary alveolar injury in experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the rat.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was produced in rats by the administration of corticosteroids and the permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane was studied, using horseradish peroxidase (hrp) as an ultrastructural marker. the alveolar-capillary membrane was impermeable to hrp at 4 weeks of corticosteroid treatment as well as in control rats. however, by 7 weeks, when the type i pneumocyte started to show degenerative changes, hrp leaked through the capillary endothelium, indicating changes ...	1981	6975112
an outbreak of community-acquired pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: initial manifestation of cellular immune dysfunction.	eleven cases of community-acquired pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred between 1979 and 1981 and prompted clinical and immunologic evaluation of the patients. young men who were drug abusers (seven patients), homosexuals (six), or both (two) presented with pneumonia. immunologic testing revealed that absolute lymphocyte counts, t-cell counts, and lymphocyte proliferation were depressed, and that humoral immunity was intact. of the 11 patients, one was found to have kaposi's sarcoma, and anot ...	1981	6975437
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a light microscopical and ultrastructural study.	a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developing a patient with treated diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma is described. the electron microscopic features and life cycle of the organism are illustrated. the patient died twenty-four hours after the biopsy had been taken. septrin appeared to have affected the trophozoite stage. pneumocystis carinii appears to induce interstitial pulmonary oedema and fibrosis. a discussion of the role of electron microscopy in early diagnosis of the disease is present ...	1981	6975781
measurement of pneumocystis carinii antigen by enzyme immunoassay.		1981	6975792
thoracoscopy in children.	in the past four and one-half years we have used thoracoscopy as the primary technique for pulmonary biopsy in children. during that interval, over 80 thoracoscopic procedures have been performed with no mortality and minimal morbidity. the ages of the patients have ranged between 2 weeks and 20 years. the procedure is carried out in the general operating room under regional and intravenous anesthesia, avoiding the need for endotracheal intubation. fourty-two of the procedures have been performe ...	1981	6975929
provocation experiment: pneumocystis carinii in several kinds of animals.	provocation experiments of p. carinii in several kinds of laboratory animals were carried out in an animal house where p. carinii of rat strain had been maintained for several years. the organism propagated in cortisone treated rats, rabbits and mice without difficulty as reported by some authors in the past. the organism also propagated in the lungs of rats which had been bred with protein free diet. the present paper first indicates that guinea pig is susceptible to p. carinii. on the other ha ...	1981	6976052
[epidemiology of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the light of observed cases].		1981	6977132
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as presenting feature of lymphoma.		1981	6790056
[infections in children with leukaemia or malignant tumour treated with cytostatic agents: long-term study of 200 cases (author's transl)].	all children with leukaemia or malignant tumour receiving cytostatic agents were followed by virological tests over three years. serological tests or virus isolation in 200 children demonstrated 238 instances of viral infection. only those of the herpes group led to severe symptoms which, however, responded to treatment. the course of infections induced by respiratory viruses was no different from that in children not receiving immunosuppressive agents. it was possible, by using a "virus risk re ...	1981	6260450
infant pneumonitis associated with cytomegalovirus, chlamydia, pneumocystis, and ureaplasma: a prospective study.	in a prospective study of 104 infants between 1 and 3 months of age hospitalized with pneumonitis, 65 (63%) had evidence of infection with one or more potential respiratory pathogens. single infections were noted in 48 (74%) whereas mixed infections occurred in 17 (26%) of 65 infected infants. the four most common infections were chlamydia trachomatis (15/59, 25%), ureaplasma urealyticum (8/38, 21%), cytomegalovirus (21/104, 20%), and pneumocystis carinii (19/104, 18%). in sharp contrast, the in ...	1981	6269042
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with lung neoplasms].		1981	6270632
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency.	four previously healthy homosexual men contracted pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, extensive mucosal candidiasis, and multiple viral infections. in three of the patients these infections followed prolonged fevers of unknown origin. in all four cytomegalovirus was recovered from secretions. kaposi's sarcoma developed in one patient eight months after he presented with esophageal candidiasis. all patients were anergic and lymphopenic; they had no lymphocyte proliferative responses to soluble antige ...	1981	6272109
severe acquired immunodeficiency in male homosexuals, manifested by chronic perianal ulcerative herpes simplex lesions.	four homosexual men presented with gradually enlarging perianal ulcers, from which herpes simplex virus was cultured. each patient had a prolonged course characterized by eight loss, fever, and evidence of infection by other opportunistic microorganisms including cytomegalovirus, pneumocystis carinii, and candida albicans. three patients died; kaposi's sarcoma developed in the fourth. all were found to have depressed cell-mediated immunity, as evidenced by skin anergy, lymphopenia, and poor or a ...	1981	6272110
primary pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus infections.		1981	6118728
pneumocystis infection masquerading as diffuse alveolar damage: a potential source of diagnostic error.	the nonspecific histopathologic changes of diffuse alveolar damage (dad) were the only findings in nine of 17 lung biopsy specimens containing pneumocystis carinii infection. because of the frequent absence of the classically described intra-alveolar frothy material, special stains for organisms should be performed on all biopsy specimens from immunocompromised patients that show dad, and the diagnosis of pneumocystis infection should not be discarded unless careful search for organisms using sp ...	1981	6164519
[pneumocystis carinii delanoe and delanoe, 1912. the different methods of identification (author's transl)].	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia diagnosis relates on the direct detection of parasites from samples giving the best productivity. the various methods of identification do not detect the same structures. their efficacity is evaluated using parasites from immunodepressed rat lungs. our experience confirms that toluidine blue o stain may be first realized, eventually associated with grocott's method.	1981	6173008
metabolic and synthetic activities of pneumocystis carinii in vitro.	pneumocystic carinii organisms obtained from the lungs of rats with glucocorticoid-induced pneumocystosis retained a number of metabolic activities during in vitro culture for 48 to 72 h. they were able to metabolize [14c]glucose to 14co2, to synthesize proteins from 3h-amino acids, and to synthesize ribonucleic acid from [3h]uridine. utilization of [14c]glucose was inhibitable by excess unlabeled glucose, mannose, fructose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, iodoacetate, and pentamidine, but not glycerol or tr ...	1981	6174453
treatment of pneumocystis carini pneumonia.		1981	6974168