Publications

the amino acid sequence of a 20 kda bifunctional subtilisin/alpha-amylase inhibitor from bran [correction of brain] of rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds.	a 20 kda bifunctional inhibitor of the microbial proteinase, subtilisin, and the alpha-amylase from the larvae of the red flour beetle (tribolium castaneum) was purified from bran of rice seeds by saline extraction, precipitation with ammonium sulphate, ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose and toyopearl cm-650, and preparative hplc on vydac c18. the complete primary structure was determined by automatic degradation of the intact, reduced and s-alkylated protein, and by manual dabitc/pit ...	1992	1511747
rflp analysis of rice (oryza sativa l.) introgression lines.	fifty-two introgression lines (bc2f8) from crosses between two oryza sativa parents and five accessions of o. officinalis were analyzed for the introgression of o. officinalis chromosome segments. dna from the parents and introgression lines was analyzed with 177 rflp markers located at approximately 10-cm intervals over the rice chromosomes. most probe/enzyme combinations detected rflps between the parents. of the 174 informative markers, 28 identified putative o. officinalis introgressed chrom ...	1992	24201348
two oryza sativa genomic dna clones encoding 16.9-kilodalton heat-shock proteins.		1992	16669102
methyl jasmonate, calcium, and leaf senescence in rice.	the possible involvement of calcium in the regulation of methyl jasmonate-promoted senescence of detached rice (oryza sativa) leaves was investigated. calcium effectively reduced methyl jasmonate-promoted senescence of detached rice leaves. the effect of methyl jasmonate on the senescence was also significantly reduced by calcium ionophore a23187. methyl jasmonate-promoted senescence of detached rice leaves may be mediated through blocking the entrance of calcium ions into the cytosol.	1992	16669094
vascular bundle-specific localization of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves.	tissue localizations of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs1; ec 6.3.1.2), chloroplastic gs (gs2), and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (fd-gogat; ec 1.4.7.1) in rice (oryza sativa l.) leaf blades were investigated using a tissue-print immunoblot method with specific antibodies. the cross-sections of mature and senescent leaf blades from middle and basal regions were used for tissue printing. the anti-gs1 antibody, raised against a synthetic 17-residue peptide corresponding to the deduced ...	1992	16669062
characterization of cis-acting elements regulating transcription from the promoter of a constitutively active rice actin gene.	the promoter of the constitutively expressed rice (oryza sativa) actin 1 gene (act1) is highly active in transformed rice plants (w. zhang, d. mcelroy, and r. wu, plant cell 3:1150-1160, 1991). a region 834 bp upstream of the act1 transcription initiation site contains all the regulatory elements necessary for maximal gene expression in transformed rice protoplasts (d. mcelroy, w. zhang, j. cao, and r. wu, plant cell 2:163-171, 1990). we have constructed a series of act1 promoter deletions fused ...	1992	1630454
molecular cloning and characterization of gravity specific cdna in rice (oryza sativa l.) suspension callus.	rice (oryza sativa l. var. nipponbare) suspension callus was exposed to gravity stress at 450,000 g for 2 hours, after which poly(a)+rna was isolated and a cdna library was constructed. three different gravity specific cdnas, namely, gsc 128, gsc 233 and gsc 381 of 0.67, 0.60 and 0.68 kilobase pairs and transcripts of 1.9, 1.6 and 2.0 kb, respectively, were isolated by differential screening and northern hybridization. the maximum level of transcript was achieved after 4 hours of exposure to gra ...	1992	1363521
molecular cloning and characterization of genes related to chilling tolerance in rice.	polyadenylated rna was isolated and a cdna library constructed from seedlings of a chilling-tolerant rice cultivar (oryza sativa l. subsp. japonica cv nipponbare). four clones were isolated by differential screening. northern blot hybridization using rnas from chilling-tolerant (nipponbare) and -sensitive (ir36) cultivars revealed higher steady-state levels of transcripts for the four genes in nipponbare than in ir36 maintained at the same low temperatures. the accumulation of transcripts homolo ...	1992	16668981
efficient fertile plant regeneration from protoplasts of the indica rice breeding line ir72 (oryza sativa l.).	protoplasts were isolated from embryogenic cell suspensions obtained from mature seed derived embryogenic callus of the advanced indica type rice breeding line ir72 available from irri (international rice research institute), manila. culture of protoplasts with the agarose bead type method without nurse culture led to sustained proliferation of protoplast derived clones. a simple culture protocol was developed which stimulated embryogenic development. germination of somatic embryos has so far pr ...	1992	24203129
characterization of a rice (oryza sativa l.) mutant deficient in the heme domain of nitrate reductase.	biochemical and genetical characterization of a rice nitrate reductase (nr)-deficient mutant, m819, which had been isolated as a chlorate-resistant mutant, was carried out. in m819, leaf nadh-nr activity was found to be about 10% of that of the wild-type cv 'norin 8', while nadph-nr activity was higher than that in the wild-type; fmnh2-nr and mv-nr activities were also 10% of those of the wild type; bpb-nr activity was higher than that of the wild type; and xanthine dehydrogenase activity was re ...	1992	24203021
nucleotide sequence of a complementary dna encoding plasma membrane h-atpase from rice (oryza sativa l.).		1992	16668962
co(2) enhancement of growth and photosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa) : modification by increased ultraviolet-b radiation.	two cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.) ir-36 and fujiyama-5 were grown at ambient (360 microbars) and elevated co(2) (660 microbars) from germination through reproduction in unshaded greenhouses at the duke university phytotron. growth at elevated co(2) resulted in significant decreases in nighttime respiration and increases in photosynthesis, total biomass, and yield for both cultivars. however, in plants exposed to simultaneous increases in co(2) and ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation, co(2) enha ...	1992	16668910
cultivar differences in leaf photosynthesis of rice bred in japan.	the grain yield of rice (oryza sativa l.), as well as of other cereal crops, is limited to a large extent, by the supply of photosynthates produced during grain filling period. in this study, flag leaf photosynthesis (lps) after heading was compared among 32 cultivars bred during the past century in japan, to determine if the improvement of lps has occurred with the breeding advance of high yielding cultivars. measurement of lps was made for 5 consecutive years in the paddy field, on the flag le ...	1992	24408284
nucleotide sequence of the rice (oryza sativa) em protein gene (emp1).		1992	1623185
nucleotide sequences of two cdna clones encoding different cu/zn-superoxide dismutases expressed in developing rice seed (oryza sativa l.).		1992	1623183
genomic structure of the gene for copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase in rice.	we have isolated and determined the nucleotide sequence of the structural gene (sodb) coding for one of the copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (cu/zn-sod) isozymes from rice plants (oryza sativa l.). the sodb gene is split into 8 exons spread about 2 kb of the chromosomal dna, with the coding sequence beginning in the 2nd and ending in the 8th. although none of sodb introns are inserted into similar positions in cu/zn-sod genes from other sources, four of six introns in the protein-coding region a ...	1992	1568478
genome specificity of rdna spacer fragments from oryza sativa l.	the intergenic spacer derived from a cloned rdna unit from a cultivated rice was dissected into several subclones, which were used as probes to analyze sequence homologies between rdna spacers from wild rice belonging to genome types aa, bb, cc, ee, ff, bbcc, and ccdd. this analysis allowed us to detect several regions with different degrees of homology. a series of 250-260 bp repeats is located in the central part of the aa spacer. this sequence cross-hybridizes with the bb, cc, bbcc, and ff ge ...	1992	24202765
regulation of em gene expression in rice : interaction between osmotic stress and abscisic acid.	expression of the em gene was characterized in rice (oryza sativa l.) suspension cultures following exposure of the cultures to various combinations of abscisic acid (aba) and salt. response-saturating concentrations of either aba (50 micromolar) or nacl (0.4 molar) rapidly induced (by 60 minutes) the accumulation of em mrna, with a maximum accumulation occurring 12 to 24 hours after treatment. nacl-induced em expression was accompanied by a doubling of endogenous aba levels as determined by imm ...	1992	16668800
changes in cytosolic glutamine synthetase polypeptide and its mrna in a leaf blade of rice plants during natural senescence.	changes in the levels of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs1) and chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (gs2) polypeptides and of their corresponding mrnas have been investigated in segments of the 13th leaf of hydroponically grown rice (oryza sativa l.) plants during natural senescence. the leaf blade on the main stem at early (0 day), middle (15 days), and late (25 days) stages of senescence was harvested and cut into 18 or 19 segments, 2 centimeters in length from the base to the tip. the amount ...	1992	16668795
purification, characterization, and immunological properties of nadh-dependent glutamate synthase from rice cell cultures.	to obtain a monospecific antibody against nadh-dependent glutamate synthase (nadh-gogat; ec 1.4.1.14), the enzyme was purified to homogeneity from cultured rice cells (oryza sativa) with column chromatography using butyl toyopearl 650m, sephacryl s-300, blue sepharose cl-6b, and butyl toyopearl 650s. the specific activity at the final stage of the purification was 9.8 micromoles of glutamate formed per minute per milligram of protein. the yield was 6.1% and purification was 815-fold. analysis by ...	1992	16668794
presence of three rice sucrose synthase genes as revealed by cloning and sequencing of cdna.	by sequencing cdna clones, we have concluded that three distinct sucrose genes are expressed in rice (oryza sativa cv. tainong 67). when the amino acid sequences deduced from these cdnas as well as those of known sucrose synthase are compared, the highest divergence is found in the c-termini. the most suitable dna sequences for use as specific for the mrna derived from these genes have been suggested.	1992	1534703
nondwarf rice seedling bioassay for gibberellins.	the use of nondwarf rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars treated with uniconazole as test plants for gibberellin (ga) bioassay instead of tan-ginbozu dwarf rice variant was investigated. the sensitivity of six nondwarf rice cultivars to gas was increased substantially by treatment of the seeds with uniconazole. the minimum detectable dose of a ga in the nondwarf cultivars treated with uniconazole was 1- to 1/10-fold of that in the nontreated tanginbozu and 3- to 10-fold of that in uniconazole-treate ...	1992	16668771
two rice (oryza sativa) full-length cdna clones encoding low-molecular-weight heat-shock proteins.		1992	1581572
genetic diversity and differentiation of indica and japonica rice detected by rflp analysis.	genetic diversity and differentiation in indica and japonica groups of the cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) were studied by assaying dna restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 12 indica and 14 japonica rice lines digested with three restriction endonucleases. a total of 49 probes were selected to represent the entire rflp map at intervals of 20-30 cm. it was shown that 95 of the 145 possible probe/enzyme combinations, involving 43 probes and all three enzymes, detected restriction fragmen ...	1992	24202597
auxin and growth regulation of rice coleoptile segments : molecular analysis.	auxin-stimulated elongation of apical segments of rice (oryza sativa l. cv arborio) coleoptiles occurring in the first 4 hours of treatment has been studied. cell extension promoted in the first 2 hours by 10 micromolar indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) is specifically auxin-dependent, whereas after 4 hours, elongation also depends on endogenous production of ethylene. similar to other systems, rice coleoptile cell elongation stimulated by auxin requires continuous synthesis of rna and protein. two-dim ...	1992	16668666
effects of anoxia on mitochondrial biogenesis in rice shoots: modification of in organello translation characteristics.	shoots of germinating rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings are able to grow under anoxia and to withstand long periods of anoxic treatment. mitochondria were purified from aerobically germinated and anaerobically treated rice shoots by differential and isopycnic centrifugation and were found to consist of two subpopulations. the mitochondrial subpopulation of higher density was used for further characterization. ultrastructural studies showed anaerobic mitochondria to be significantly different from ...	1992	16668655
the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein gene from oryza sativa.		1992	1536936
characterization and genetic mapping of a short, highly repeated, interspersed dna sequence from rice (oryza sativa l.).	a short, highly repeated, interspersed dna sequence from rice was characterized using a combination of techniques and genetically mapped to rice chromosomes by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. a consensus sequence (ggc)n, where n varies from 13-16, for the repeated sequence family was deduced from sequence analysis. southern blot analysis, restriction mapping of repeat element-containing genomic clones, and dna sequence analysis indicated that the repeated sequence is in ...	1992	1347144
characterization and solubilization of β-glucan synthases from cultured rice cells.	two types of β-glucan synthases, gs-i and gs-ii, were found in cultured rice cells (oryza sativa l.). in glycerol density gradient centrifugation, gs-i activity peak co-migrated with a marker enzyme of the golgi membrane, while gs-ii co-migrated with the plasma membrane. analysis of the reaction products of gs-i and gs-ii, suggested that gs-i and gs-ii were mainly β-1,4,- and β-1,3-glucosyltransferases, respectively. gs-i had a higher substrate affinity for udp-glucose than gs-ii, and needed div ...	1992	27320988
mitochondrial genome structure of rice suspension culture from cytoplasmic male-sterile line (a-58cms): reappraisal of the master circle.	the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) from the cultured cells of a cytoplasmic male-sterile line (a-58cms) of rice (oryza sativa) was cloned and its physical map was constructed. there was structural alteration on the mitochondrial genome during the cell culture. detailed restriction analysis of cosmid clones having mtdna fragments suggested either that the master genome has a 100-kb duplication (the genome size becomes 450 kb) or that a master circle is not present in the genome (the net structural com ...	1992	24202508
foliar injury and leaf diffusive resistance of rice and white bean in response to so2 and o3, singly and in combination.	plants of rice (oryza sativa) and white bean (phaseolus vulgaris) were exposed to 524 microg m(-3) so2, 392 microg m(-3) o3 and a mixture of both gases, i.e. 524 microg m(-3) so2 and 392 microg m(-3) o3 to determine the visible foliar injury and leaf diffusive resistance. response of leaf diffusive resistance was measured on upper and lower surfaces of leaves, i.e. the two unifoliate leaves of bean and the first, second and third primary leaves of rice. the difference in the response may be due ...	1992	15092013
green and non-green callus induction from excised rice (oryza sativa) embryos: effects of exogenous plant growth regulators.	calli were induced either from excised rice embryos or from whole seeds in the presence of 1 to 5 mg l-1 naa. after 12 days of culture, calli were induced only from excised rice embryos. we found that excised embryos accumulated naa up to 6 times higher concentration than did whole seeds. in the presence of 1 to 5 mg l-1 naa and 2 to 10 mg l-1 kinetin, chlorophyllous calli were induced from excised rice embryos. chlorophyll contents in the callus tissue increased with increasing kinetin concentr ...	1992	11537753
nucleotide sequence of a high-pi rice (oryza sativa) -amylase gene.		1992	1731997
comparative studies of isozymes in oryza sativa, o. minuta, and their interspecific derivatives: evidence for homoeology and recombination.	enzyme electrophoresis was used to compare the isozyme phenotypes of oryza sativa, ir31917 (aa genome), and two o. minuta accessions (om 101089 and om101141; bbcc genome) for ten enzyme systems. between the two species, two systems were monomorphic (isocitrate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase) and eight were polymorphic (shikimate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucose isomerase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, esterase, aminopeptidase, an ...	1993	24190357
ammonium uptake by rice roots (ii. kinetics of 13nh4+ influx across the plasmalemma).	short-term influxes of 13nh4+ were measured in intact roots of 3-week-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv m202) seedlings that were hydroponically grown at 2, 100, or 1000 [mu]m nh4+. below 1 mm external concentration ([nh4+]0), influx was saturable and due to a high-affinity transport system (hats). for the hats, vmax values were negatively correlated and km values were positively correlated with nh4+ provision during growth and root [nh4+]. between 1 and 40 mm [nh4+]0, 13nh4+ influx showed a linear r ...	1993	12232018
ammonium uptake by rice roots (i. fluxes and subcellular distribution of 13nh4+).	the time course of 13nh4+ uptake and the distribution of 13nh4+ among plant parts and subcellular compartments was determined for 3-week-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv m202) plants grown hydroponically in modified johnson's nutrient solution containing 2,100, or 1000 [mu]m nh4+ (referred to hereafter as g2, g100, or g1000 plants, respectively). at steady state, the influx of 13nh4+ was determined to be 1.31, 5.78, and 10.11 [mu]mol g-1 fresh weight h-1, respectively, for g2, g100, and g1000 plants ...	1993	12232017
cloning and sequencing analysis of a complementary dna for manganese-superoxide dismutase from rice (oryza sativa l.).		1993	8290649
molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence cdna encoding nucleoside diphosphate kinase of rice (oryza sativa l.).	we isolated a rice cdna encoding nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ndk, ec 2.7.4.6). the deduced amino acid sequence of the rice ndk shows highest homology to spinach ndk-i. the rice ndk gene exhibits a strong codon bias (73.8% gc) in the third position of the codon. dna blot analysis indicated that at least single ndk gene is present in rice genome.	1993	8260630
partial purification and characterization of soluble acid invertases from rice (oryza sativa) leaves.	there are three soluble acid invertases in the leaves of rice. they could be separated by deae1-sephacel chromatography, and named it1, it2 and it3. the molecular weights of it1, it2 and it3, determined by hplc gel filtration chromatography, were 220 kd, 59 kd and 67 kd, respectively. their pi values were 6.2, 5.2 and 4.9, respectively. the ph optima of it1, it2 and it3 were 3.5, 6.0 and 5.5 respectively. all of them could hydrolyze sucrose and raffinose but not maltose, therefore they are all b ...	1993	8136712
a rice (oryza sativa l.) mutant having a low content of glutelin and a high content of prolamine.	among the mutant lines of rice that have been selected for morphological characters, one line, nm67, was found to have a low content of glutelin and a higher content of prolamine in its seed protein than other japanese cultivars. this mutant is a semi-dwarf and partially sterile line, and its leaves turn yellow before heading. genetic analysis after backcross to the original cultivar, 'nihonmasari', revealed the following: (1) the character of low glutelin content was always accompanied by the c ...	1993	24190265
metabolic regulation of alpha-amylase gene expression in transgenic cell cultures of rice (oryza sativa l.).	expression of two genes in the alpha-amylase gene family is controlled by metabolic regulation in rice cultured cells. the levels of ramy3d and ramy3e mrnas in rice cultured cells are inversely related to the concentration of sugar in the culture medium. other genes in the rice alpha-amylase gene family have little or no expression in cultured cells; these expression levels are not controlled by metabolic regulation. a ramy3d promoter/gus gene fusion was metabolically regulated in the transgenic ...	1993	8251627
activity of a maize ubiquitin promoter in transgenic rice.	we have used the maize ubiquitin 1 promoter, first exon and first intron (ubi) for rice (oryza sativa l. cv. taipei 309) transformation experiments and studied its expression in transgenic calli and plants. ubi directed significantly higher levels of transient gene expression than other promoter/intron combinations used for rice transformation. we exploited these high levels of expression to identify stable transformants obtained from callus-derived protoplasts co-transfected with two chimeric g ...	1993	8219091
pre-germination genotypic screening using pcr amplification of half-seeds.	a simple and rapid pcr-based method has been developed for determining the genotype of seeds before germination. single half-seeds of rice (oryza sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.) were preincubated, without grinding, in an aqueous extraction buffer. the resulting supernatants were then used in polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with oligonucleotide primers corresponding to rice single-copy sequences or a wheat microsatellite repeat. pcr products of identical size were amplified ...	1993	24193778
light-regulated and cell-specific expression of tomato rbcs-gusa and rice rbcs-gusa fusion genes in transgenic rice.	a previously isolated rice (oryza sativa) rbcs gene was further characterized. this analysis revealed specific sequences in the 5' regulatory region of the rice rbcs gene that are conserved in rbcs genes of other monocotyledonous species. in transgenic rice plants, we examined the expression of the beta-glucuronidase (gusa) reporter gene directed by the 2.8-kb promoter region of the rice rbcs gene. to examine differences in the regulation of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous rbcs promoters, th ...	1993	8278540
role of media constituents and proline in callus growth, somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of oryza sativa cv indica.	conditions were optimised for efficient callus induction from seeds of four local indica rice cultivars, gr-3, gr-102, jaya and te-tep. addition of 2,4-d to ms medium at 2.5 mg/l resulted in 100% callus induction. n6 medium was superior to ms medium for callus growth, formation of embryogenic callus as well as regeneration. cultivar te-tep showed highest callus growth while gr-102 the least. addition of casein hydrolysate enhanced growth of callus but did not yield more embryogenic calli. supple ...	1993	8225416
variations in chloroplast dna from rice (oryza sativa): differences between deletions mediated by short direct-repeat sequences within a single species.	in a previous study, we compared chloroplast dnas (ctdnas) from four species oforyza and detected two independent deletions of dna fragments in the ctdnas (kanno and hirai 1992a). these deletions were genotype-specific variations. since short direct-repeat sequences were detected at the borders of both deletions, the deletions were apparently the result of intramolecular recombination mediated by these direct-repeat sequences. in the present study, we examined whether or not this type of variati ...	1993	24193706
nuclear gene encoding cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase from rice (oryza sativa l.).		1993	8108523
suppression in mitochondrial electron transport is the prime cause behind stress induced proline accumulation.	exposure of six day old rice (oryza sativa) seedlings to salt or cadmium stress lead to an increase in the level of proline with a simultaneous decline in the mitochondrial electron transport activity. mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors - rotenone, antimycin a or potassium cyanide also stimulated proline accumulation in rice seedlings with a concurrent decline in the mitochondrial electron transport activity. four to five fold enhancement in proline level was noted in seedlings after 48 ...	1993	8503937
nucleotide sequence of an abundant rice seed globulin: homology with the high molecular weight glutelins of wheat, rye and triticale.	a cdna clone corresponding to a 19 kd salt-soluble globulin of rice (oryza sativa l.) was isolated by screening a lambda gt11 expression library of endosperm mrna with antibodies raised against the purified rice seed alpha-globulin. the cdna contained a single large open reading frame encoding a putative globulin precursor of molecular weight of 21 kd. the polypeptide consists of 182 amino acids and is devoid of lysine residues. computer analysis of the nh2-terminal sequence of the globulin prec ...	1993	8503935
influence of cadmium and nickel on growth, net photosynthesis and carbohydrate distribution in rice plants.	six day old rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. cv. bahía) were grown for 5 or 10 days in a nutrient solution with either cd (0.01, 0.1 mmol/l) or ni (0.1, 0.5 mmol/l). both cd and ni reduced the length of shoots and roots depending on the concentration and type of ion tested. on the other hand, the dry weight to fresh weight ratio was increased by heavy metal treatments, especially in the aerial part of 0.5 mmol/l ni treated plants. the application of 0.1 mmol/l cd and 0.5 mmol/l ni to the seedling ...	1993	24318867
alignment of molecular and classical linkage maps of rice, oryza sativa.	application of genetic linkage maps in plant genetics and breeding can be greatly facilitated by integrating the available classical and molecular genetic linkage maps. in rice, oryza sativa l., the classical linkage map includes about 300 genes which correspond to various important morphological, physiological, biochemical and agronomic characteristics. the molecular maps consist of more than 500 dna markers which cover most of the genome within relatively short intervals. little effort has bee ...	1993	24197352
purification and characterization of membrane-bound inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase c from suspension-cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells (identification of a regulatory factor).	a membrane-bound inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase c was solubilized from rice (oryza sativa l.) microsomal membranes and purified to apparent homogeneity using a series of chromatographic separations. the apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 42,000 d, and the isoelectric point was 5.1. the optimum ph for the enzyme activity was approximately 6.5, and the enzyme was activated by both ca2+ and sr2+. the c ...	1993	12231806
genetic analysis of salinity tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the genetics of salinity tolerance in rice was investigated by a nine-parent complete diallel including reciprocals. test materials involved susceptible (ir28, ir29, and mi-48), moderately tolerant (ir4595-4-1-13, ir9884-54-3-1e-p1, and ir10206-29-2-1), and tolerant ("nona bokra", "pokkali", and sr26b) parents. twoweek-old seedlings were grown in a salinized (ec = 12 ds/m) culture solution for 19 days under controlled conditions in the irri phytotron. typical characteristics of salinity toleranc ...	1993	24193479
mutants having a low content of 16-kda allergenic protein in rice (oryza sativa l.).	rice mutants containing low levels of the 16-kda allergenic protein, which is the main allergen in the rice grain for patients of atopic dermatitis due to the intake of rice, were screened, and 4 independent mutant lines with small amounts of this protein were found by sds gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis. these mutants were grouped into two types. two mutant lines, 85kg-4 and 86rg-18, contained low levels of the 16k-da and 26-kda polypeptides and a high level of the 57-kda polypeptid ...	1993	24193476
characterization of protein synthesis by isolated rice mitochondria.	bacteria-free mitochondria were isolated from aseptically grown, etiolated and green seedlings of both cytoplasmic male-sterile (wa-type) and male-fertile rice (oryza sativa l.). protein synthesis in these isolated mitochondria was characterized by gel electrophoresis/fluorography and by the incorporation of [(35)s]-methionine into protein. in the presence of cycloheximide, a set of some 25 discrete polypeptides and an electrophoretically unresolved population were synthesized. this pattern of p ...	1993	24193475
changes in the content of two glutamate synthase proteins in spikelets of rice (oryza sativa) plants during ripening.	nitrogen accumulation in the apical spikelets on the primary branches of the main stem of rice plants have been studied during the ripening process (0-35 d after flowering). the level of nadh-dependent glutamate synthase (gogat) protein and activity increased 4- and 6-fold, respectively, in the first 15 d after flowering. maximum levels of nadh-gogat were found at that time when the spikelets had just begun to increase in dry weight and to accumulate storage proteins. subsequently, both the leve ...	1993	12231780
comparative study on the chloroplast, mitochondrial and nuclear genome differentiation in two cultivated rice species, oryza sativa and o. glaberrima, by rflp analyses.	restriction fragment length polymorphisms of chloroplast (ct), mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear dna were investigated using eight cultivars of oryza sativa and two cultivars of o. glaberrima. relative variability in the nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes was estimated by a common measure, genetic distance. based on the average genetic distances among ten cultivars for each genome, the evolutionary variabilities of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes were found to be almost the same, whereas the var ...	1993	24193387
changes in translatable mrna populations induced in rice seedlings by exposure to freeze-thaw stress.	in order to examine whether changes in gene expression are induced by injury in seedlings of rice (oryza sativa) after a lethal freeze-thaw stress. mrnas were extracted and their in vitro translation products were compared with those of the control plants by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. an mrna encoding an entirely new protein with m(r) of ca. 37 kda was detected as early as 30 min of thawing at 28 degrees c. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed the induction of mrnas for at least ...	1993	8485458
use of bar as a selectable marker gene and for the production of herbicide-resistant rice plants from protoplasts.	we have used the bar gene in combination with the herbicide basta to select transformed rice (oryza sativa l. cv. radon) protoplasts for the production of herbicide-resistant rice plants. protoplasts, obtained from regenerable suspension cultures established from immature embryo callus, were transformed using peg-mediated dna uptake. transformed calli could be selected 2-4 weeks after placing the protoplast-derived calli on medium containing the selective agent, phosphinothricin (ppt), the activ ...	1993	8467080
nucleotide sequence of a rice (oryza sativa) prolamin storage protein gene, rp6.		1993	8310050
cdna cloning and sequence analysis of a pathogen-induced thaumatin-like protein from rice (oryza sativa).		1993	8310049
phylogenetic distribution and genetic mapping of a (ggc)n microsatellite from rice (oryza sativa l.).	dna microsatellites are ubiquitously present in eukaryotic genomes and represent a vast source of highly informative markers. we describe in this article a (ggc)n microsatellite which is widely distributed in eukaryotic genomes. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques and dna sequencing, we demonstrated for the first time in plant species that a (ggc)n microsatellite locus is moderately polymorphic. six alleles are present at this locus in rice and length polymorphisms are caused by var ...	1993	8448360
a transcription map of the chloroplast genome from rice (oryza sativa).	the complete nucleotide sequence (134,525 bp) of the chloroplast genome from rice (oryza sativa l.) contains four rrna genes, 30 trna genes, and over 100 genes that encode proteins. however, expression of only a few of these genes, namely psba, rbcl, and atpb/e, has been detected. we constructed the complete transcription map of rice chloroplast dna by northern hybridization of total rna from rice seedlings, using subclones from a clone bank of rice chloroplast dna as probes. approximately 90% o ...	1993	8381719
cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase is a single gene in rice.	a cdna clone encoding rice (oryza sativa l.) cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), an important glycolytic enzyme, was isolated and characterized. the clone (prtpi-6) contains an open reading frame of 759 base pairs, encoding a polypeptide chain of 253 amino acid residues (m(r) 27,060). the identity of this clone was defined by its high homology (85% nucleotide sequence and 89% amino acid sequence identical match) with a maize mrna sequence encoding the cytosolic tpi and with tpis from othe ...	1993	8278510
a major photoperiod-sensitivity gene tagged with rflp and isozyme markers in rice.	photoperiod-sensitive rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars are widely grown in rainfed lowland areas with unfavorable water regimes. a molecular marker for the trait would be useful in genetic and physiological studies and in developing improved photoperiod-sensitive cultivars. previous genetic studies identified a major gene for photoperiod sensitivity on chromosome 6. we have tested an isozyme marker and several rflp probes mapping to chromosome 6 in an attempt to identify marker(s) tightly linked ...	1993	24195926
state of the foreign gene and of the genome in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.).	pcr with random primers (rapd analysis) performed on the dna of embryogenic and non-embryogenic suspension cultured rice and of transformed rice plants allows the evaluation of the extent of dna changes in the different biological materials. this is thus suggested as a convenient approach, in combination with restriction analysis and southerns blotting, to evaluate the integrity of the foreign gene, the stability of the insertion site and the stability of the whole genome.	1993	22358675
identification of the entire set of transferred chloroplast dna sequences in the mitochondrial genome of rice.	the entire set of transferred chloroplast dna sequences in the mitochondrial genome of rice (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare) was identified using clone banks that cover the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. the mitochondrial fragments that were homologous to chloroplast dna were mapped and sequenced. the nucleotide sequences around the termini of integrated chloroplast sequences in the rice mtdna revealed no common sequences or structures that might enhance the transfer of dna. sixteen chlorop ...	1993	8437578
responses to continuous and discontinuous nacl stress of long-term cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells.	rice (oryza sativa l.) cells, grown under a continuous stress of 1.5% nacl, produced a homogeneous mass of dry, compact, nodular callus with high regeneration potential, typical of embryogenic cultures. when transferred and subcultured in conditions without salt, the pre-adapted cells underwent several changes, leading to the formation of heterogeneous populations that comprised different cell types. this newly formed callus, in the 6-month period without salt stress, resembled cell populations ...	1993	8184630
state of the foreign gene and of the genome in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.).	pcr with random primers (rapd analysis) performed on the dna of embryogenic and non-embryogenic suspension cultured rice and of transformed rice plants allows the evaluation of the extent of dna changes in the different biological materials. this is thus suggested as a convenient approach, in combination with restriction analysis and southerns blotting, to evaluate the integrity of the foreign gene, the stability of the insertion site and the stability of the whole genome.	1993	7763739
expression of a rice homeobox gene causes altered morphology of transgenic plants.	we have isolated a cdna clone encoding a homeobox sequence from rice. dna sequence analysis of this clone, which was designated as oryza sativa homeobox 1 (osh1), and a genomic clone encoding the osh1 sequence have shown that the osh1 gene consists of five exons and encodes a polypeptide of 361 amino acid residues. restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis has shown that osh1 is a single-copy gene located near the phytochrome gene on chromosome 3. introduction of the cloned osh1 gene int ...	1993	8104574
metabolic factors capable of inducing agrobacterium vir gene expression are present in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the effects of exudates and extracts from suspension cultures or various parts of rice (oryza sativa l.) plants on induction of vir (virulence) gene expression in agrobacterium tumefaciens were examined. only leaf extracts from panicle-differentiating plants to flowering plants were able to strongly induce activation and expression of vir genes. this induction was similar to that observed with 2 μm acetosyringone (as), yet there was no synergy between as and rice extracts. responses to vir-induc ...	1993	24196854
interpreting upland rice yield and pratylenchus zeae relationships: correspondence analyses.	correspondence analyses were used to explore the relationships between yield and populations of pratylenchus zeae in an upland rice field and in a greenhouse experiment. initial soil (pi) and final root (pf) population densities of p. zeae, and yield (y) of rice cv. upl ri5 were determined at 490 spots in the field. very low y was linked to very high pf. low y was linked to medium or high pi and medium pf. medium to very high y were clustered with undetectable pi and very low or high pf. all yie ...	1993	19279769
the reaction of mitochondria in the coleoptiles of rice (oryza sativa l.) with diaminobenzidine.	diaminobenzidine, dab, was applied to segments of aerobically and anaerobically grown coleoptiles of rice, oryza sativa l., with the object of studying the location of cytochrome oxidase at the electron-microscope level. a specific staining of mitochondrial cristae and inner membrane was obtained, with no reaction in other organelles; with extended periods of incubation, the reaction product filled the mitochondria completely. in anaerobically grown coleoptiles, the reaction was much slower and ...	1993	46231
an rflp species-specific dna sequence for the a genome of rice.	a dna sequence, pos6.20, was cloned from the nuclear genome of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) by hybridization with a human minisatellite sequence. at high hybridization stringency, a subfragment of the rice sequence, pos6.20.3, detected low-copy restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps), which behaved as mendelian genetic markers. this subfragment detected multicopy rflps between an indica and a javanica cultivar at medium hybridization stringency. the sequences detected by pos6.20.3 ...	1993	18470000
identification, cdna cloning, and gene expression of soluble starch synthase in rice (oryza sativa l.) immature seeds.	three forms of soluble starch synthase were resolved by anion-exchange chromatography of soluble extracts from immature rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds, and each of these forms was further purified by affinity chromatograph. the 55-, 57-, and 57-kd proteins in the three preparations were identified as candidates for soluble starch synthase by western blot analysis using an antiserum against rice granule-bound starch synthase. it is interesting that the amino-terminal amino acid sequence was identic ...	1993	7518089
a view of plant dehydrins using antibodies specific to the carboxy terminal peptide.	dehydrins are characterized by the consensus kikeklpg amino acid sequence found near the carboxy terminus, and usually repeated from one to many times within the protein. a synthetic peptide containing this consensus sequence was used to produce specific antibodies that recognize dehydrins in a wide range of plants. this range covered two families of monocots, viz. gramineae (hordeum vulgare l., triticum aestivum l., zea mays l., oryza sativa l.) and liliaceae (allium sativa l.), and five famili ...	1993	7693020
a rice (oryza sativa l.) cdna encodes a protein sequence homologous to the eukaryotic ribosomal 5s rna-binding protein.	a rice (oryza sativa l.) cdna clone coding for the cytoplasmic ribosomal protein l5, which associates with 5 s rrna for ribosome assembly, was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the primary structure of rice l5, deduced from the nucleotide sequence, contains 294 amino acids and has intriguing features some of which are also conserved in other eucaryotic homologues. these include: four clusters of basic amino acids, one of which may serve as a nucleolar localization signal; three ...	1993	8219074
nascent transcript-binding protein of the pea chloroplast transcriptionally active chromosome.	this study describes the nascent rna-binding protein of the pea chloroplast transcriptional complex. the protein has been identified by photoaffinity labelling of the transcriptionally active chromosome (tac) which utilizes the endogenous plastid dna as template. uv irradiation of lysed chloroplast or the isolated tac under conditions optimized for transcription photocross-links nascent radiolabelled transcripts (up to 250 nucleotides in length) to a 48 kda protein. the photoaffinity labelling o ...	1993	8260634
clusters of interspersed repeated dna sequences in the rice genome (oryza).	we have characterized a repeated dna sequence (rtl122) from rice (oryza sativa l.) with respect to its organization in the rice genome and its distribution among rice and other plants. the results indicate that the rtl122 sequence is interspersed in the rice genome and limited to the genus oryza. it is highly polymorphic and can be used to fingerprint rice varieties. a structure was observed in which several repeated sequences were clustered in dna regions of 15-20 kb. we characterized three bac ...	1993	8270205
characterization of minisatellite sequences from oryza sativa.	two dna sequences were cloned from the genome of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) by cross-hybridization with the human minisatellite sequence 33.6. the rice sequences consisted of tandem direct repeats, which showed significant similarity to the 33.6 consensus sequence. profiles capable of distinguishing different rice cultivars were detected by cross-hybridization with a dna probe amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from one of the rice minisatellite sequences.	1993	8270207
a 127 kda component of a uv-damaged dna-binding complex, which is defective in some xeroderma pigmentosum group e patients, is homologous to a slime mold protein.	a cdna which encodes a approximately 127 kda uv-damaged dna-binding (uv-ddb) protein with high affinity for (6-4)pyrimidine dimers [abramic', m., levine, a.s. & protic', m., j. biol. chem. 266: 22493-22500, 1991] has been isolated from a monkey cell cdna library. the presence of this protein in complexes bound to uv-damaged dna was confirmed by immunoblotting. the human cognate of the uv-ddb gene was localized to chromosome 11. uv-ddb mrna was expressed in all human tissues examined, including c ...	1993	8371985
anaerobiosis and plant growth hormones induce two genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the plant hormone ethylene is believed to be responsible for the ability of rice to grow in the deepwater regions of southeast asia. ethylene production is induced by hypoxia, which is caused by flooding, because of enhanced activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) synthase, the key enzyme in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. we have cloned three divergent members, (os-acs1, os-acs2, and os-acs3), of a multigene family encoding acc synthase in rice. os-acs1 resides on chromosome ...	1993	8389618
agrobacterium-mediated production of transgenic rice plants expressing a chimeric alpha-amylase promoter/beta-glucuronidase gene.	we have successfully transferred and expressed a reporter gene driven by an alpha-amylase promoter in a japonica type of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. tainung 62) using the agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer system. immature rice embryos (10-12 days after anthesis) were infected with an agrobacterium strain carrying a plasmid containing chimeric genes of beta-glucuronidase (uida) and neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii). co-incubation of potato suspension culture (psc) with the agrobacterium inocul ...	1993	8392395
cloning and structural analysis of calmodulin gene from rice.	full-length cdna encoding rice (oryza sativa, cv. nongken 58s) calmodulin (cam) mrna has been cloned using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with synthesized primers from the sequence of barley cam gene. sequence analysis revealed that the rice gene is 450 bp in length that and its predicted polypeptide consists of 148 amino acids. it differs from those that of barley and alfalfa in only one position, respectively. the nucleotide homology between rice and barley is 90%, between rice and alfalfa is ...	1993	8061233
enigmatic double-stranded rna in japonica rice.	we have found a linear, 16 kb, double-stranded rna (dsrna) in symptomless japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) that is not found in indica rice (oryza sativa l.). the dsrna was detected in every tissue and at every developmental stage, and its copy number was approximately constant (about 20 copies/cell). double-stranded rna was also detected in two strains of oryza rufipogon (an ancestor of o. sativa). hybridization experiments indicated that the dsrna of o. rufipogon was homologous but not identica ...	1993	8490131
description and sem observations of meloidogyne sasseri n. sp. (nematoda: meloidogynidae), parasitizing beachgrasses.	meloidogyne sasseri n. sp. is described and illustrated from american beachgrass (ammophila breviliffulata) originally collected from henlopen state park and fenwick island near the maryland state line in delaware, united states (6). its relationship to m. graminis, m. spartinae, and m. californiensis is discussed. primary distinctive characters of the female perineal pattern were a high to rounded arch with shoulders, widely spaced lateral lines interrupting transverse striations, a sunken vulv ...	1993	19279820
constitutive and inducible aerobic and anaerobic stress proteins in the echinochloa complex and rice.	anaerobic stress resulted in a change in the protein accumulation patterns in shoots of several echinochloa (barnyard grass) species and oryza sativa (l.) (rice) as resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. of the six echinochloa species investigated, e. phyllopogon (stev.) koss, e. muricata (beauv.) fern, e. oryzoides (ard.) fritsch clayton, and e. crus-galli (l.) beauv. are tolerant of anaerobiosis and germinate in the absence of oxygen, as does rice. in contrast, e. crus-pavonis (h.b.k ...	1993	12231678
metabolism and biological activity of gibberellin a4 in vegetative shoots of zea mays, oryza sativa, and arabidopsis thaliana.	[17-13c,3h]gibberellin a4 (ga4) was injected into the shoots of tall (w23/l317), dwarf-1 (d1), and dwarf-5 (d5) zea mays l. (maize); tall (cv nipponbare), dwarf-x (dx), and dwarf-y (dy) oryza sativa l. (rice); and tall (ecotype landsberg erecta), ga4, and ga5 arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. [13c]ga4 and its metabolites were identified from the shoots by full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and kovats retention indices. ga4 was metabolized to ga1 in all nine genotypes. ga4 was also met ...	1993	12231829
the metabolism of gibberellin a20 to gibberellin a1 by tall and dwarf mutants of oryza sativa and arabidopsis thaliana.	the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the metabolism of gibberellin a20 (ga20) to gibberellin a1 (ga1) by tall and mutant shoots of rice (oryza sativa l.) and arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. the data show that the tall and dx mutant of rice and the tall and ga5 mutant of arabidopsis metabolize ga20 to ga1. the data also show that the dy mutant of rice and the ga4 mutant of arabidopsis block the metabolism of ga20 to ga1. [17-13c,3h]ga20 was fed to tall and the dwarf mutants, dx and dy, o ...	1994	12232414
production and analysis of asymmetric hybrid plants between monocotyledon (oryza sativa l.) and dicotyledon (daucus carota l.).	asymmetric hybrid plants were obtained from fused protoplasts of a monocotyledon (oryza sativa l.) and a dicotyledon (daucus carota l.). x-ray-irradiated protoplasts isolated from a cytoplasmic malesterile (cms) carrot suspension culture were fused with iodoacetoamide-treated protoplasts isolated from a 5-methyltryptophan (5mt)-resistant rice suspension culture by electrofusion. the complementary recovered cells divided and formed colonies, which were then cultivated on regeneration medium suppl ...	1994	24177855
phylogenetic relationships of 10 grass species: an assessment of phylogenetic utility of the internal transcribed spacer region in nuclear ribosomal dna in monocots.	entire sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (itss) and 5.8s subunit of nuclear ribosomal dna (nrdna) were obtained from nine grass species by direct double-stranded sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplified dna fragments. these sequences from subfamily pooideae (triticum aestivum, crithodium monococcum, sitopsis speltoides, hordeum vulgare, secale montanum, avena longiglumis, bromus inermis, brachypodium distachyon) and subfamily panicoideae (sorghum bicolor) together with ...	1994	8181731
allelopathy of oats. ii. allelochemical effect ofl-tryptophan and its concentration in oat root exudates.	l-tryptophan caused growth inhibition of roots and hypocotyls (or coleoptiles) of cockscomb (amaranthus caudatus l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), cress (lepidium sativum l.), timothy (phleum pratense l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and oat (avena sativa l.), increasing the dose ofl-tryptophan increased the inhibition. the concentrations for 50% inhibition of the root growth were 0.14, 0.15, 0.21, 0.79, 0.95, 1.7, and 2.4 mm for cockscomb, cress, lettuce, timothy, rice ...	1994	24242057
saturated molecular map of the rice genome based on an interspecific backcross population.	a molecular map has been constructed for the rice genome comprised of 726 markers (mainly restriction fragment length polymorphisms; rflps). the mapping population was derived from a backcross between cultivated rice, oryza sativa, and its wild african relative, oryza longistaminata. the very high level of polymorphism between these species, combined with the use of polymerase chain reaction-amplified cdna libraries, contributed to mapping efficiency. a subset of the probes used in this study wa ...	1994	7896104
mapping of a magnaporthe grisea locus affecting rice (oryza sativa) cultivar specificity.	magnaporthe grisea causes rice blast, the most important fungal disease of rice. the segregation of genes controlling virulence of m. grisea on rice was studied to establish the genetic basis of cultivar specificity in this host-parasite interaction. full-sib progeny and parent isolates guy11 and 2539 of m. grisea were inoculated onto rice (oryza sativa) cultivar 'co39' and five near-isogenic lines (nils) of co39. each nil contained a different single gene affecting resistance to specific isolat ...	1994	24186240
rice tungro bacilliform virus: transcription and translation in protoplasts.	protoplasts from cell suspension cultures of oryza sativa (monocot) and orychophragmus violaceus (dicot) support transcription from the rice tungro bacilliform virus (rtbv) promoter and translation of the resulting mrna despite the presence of a long leader sequence with strong secondary structure and 12 short open reading frames. transcriptional elements located both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site are defined by deletion analysis and the functional tata motif is de ...	1994	8091688
root colonization and systemic spreading of azoarcus sp. strain bh72 in grasses.	the invasive properties of azoarcus sp. strain bh72, an endorhizospheric isolate of kallar grass, on gnotobiotically grown seedlings of oryza sativa ir36 and leptochloa fusca (l.) kunth were studied. additionally, azoarcus spp. were localized in roots of field-grown kallar grass. to facilitate localization and to assure identity of bacteria, genetically engineered microorganisms expressing beta-glucuronidase were also used as inocula. beta-glucuronidase staining indicated that the apical region ...	1994	8144457
cloning and sequence analysis of a cdna encoding rice glutaredoxin.	a full-length cdna clone (rasc8) encoding glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) was isolated from a cdna library of an aleurone layer prepared from a developing seed of rice (oryza sativa l.). rasc8, 568bp in length, contained an atg codon and two possible polyadenylation signals, and encoded 112 amino acid residues. cys-pro-phe-cys, which is the active site and a highly conserved sequence among thioltransferases, was found in the deduced amino acid sequence. rasc8 was introduced into an expression ve ...	1994	8287970
expression of functional proliferating-cell nuclear antigen from rice (oryza sativa) in escherichia coli. activity in association with human dna polymerase delta.	proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (pcna), the auxiliary protein for dna polymerase delta, is one of the key factors for both pcna-dependent dna synthesis and cell-cycle progression. plant pcna genes have previously been cloned from rice, carrot, tobacco, and soybean cells by screening the cdna libraries using similarity to the human or rat pcna genes. we subcloned the relevant gene from the rice pcna cdna into an escherichia coli expression vector pmal, and the pcna protein was expressed in the ...	1994	7913441
efficient transformation of rice (oryza sativa l.) mediated by agrobacterium and sequence analysis of the boundaries of the t-dna.	a large number of morphologically normal, fertile, transgenic rice plants were obtained by co-cultivation of rice tissues with agrobacterium tumefaciens. the efficiency of transformation was similar to that obtained by the methods used routinely for transformation of dicotyledons with the bacterium. stable integration, expression and inheritance of transgenes were demonstrated by molecular and genetic analysis of transformants in the r0, r1 and r2 generations. sequence analysis revealed that the ...	1994	7920717
on the identification of group ii introns in nucleotide sequence data.	four different consensus sequences (gti, group ii identifiers) have been derived from domains v of known group ii introns and are used as query input sequences for sensitive database screenings with the fasta and lfasta programs. the set of four gti sequences can identify all domains v of the 96 known group ii introns in the completely sequenced chloroplast genomes of marchantia polymorpha, epifagus virginiana, oryza sativa, nicotiana tabacum and the completely sequenced mitochondrial genomes of ...	1994	7932698