Publications

venomous marine animals of florida: morphology, behavior, health hazards.	this article reviews the dangers related to marine animal envenomations in florida. venomous marine animals exhibit diverse mechanisms of injury and toxicity. information regarding the morphology, behavior, and health hazards of these dangerous organisms is presented to help medical personnel recognize, diagnose and treat marine envenomations. hazardous marine animals discussed in this review include both invertebrates and vertebrates. stinging invertebrate animals include sponges, coelenterates ...	1997	9360353
plant exudates trigger leaf-trenching by cabbage loopers, trichoplusia ni (noctuidae).	cabbage loopers, trichoplusia ni, cut a narrow trench across leaves of plants that release exudate, then feed distal to the trench in an area of reduced exudation. the larvae do not normally trench plant species such as plantain, plantago lanceolata, that lack exudate. to determine what cues elicit trenching, i reared larvae to the final instar on plantain, then applied test solutions to their mouthparts during feeding. loopers that received latex from lactuca serriola (asteraceae) or phloem exu ...	1997	28307485
temporal changes in the bacterial communities of soil, rhizosphere, and endorhiza associated with field-grown cucumber (cucumis sativus l.)		1997	9337416
distinct cis-acting sequences are required for the germination and sugar responses of the cucumber isocitrate lyase gene.	recent data have shown that distinct dna sequence elements direct the germination and sugar responses of the cucumber (cucumis sativus, l.) malate synthase (ms) gene (sarah et al. (1996) mol. gen. genet., 250, 153-161). such information is, however, lacking for the isocitrate lyase (icl) gene which is coordinately regulated with ms. deletions from the 5' end of the icl promoter were therefore created specifically to address this question. analysis of expression in seeds of transgenic nicotiana p ...	1997	9332388
evaluation of different rodenticidal baits against rodent population in cucumber (cucumis sativus) crop fields.	the baits used consisted of 2% zinc phosphide and 0.005% bromadiolone. the baitings were carried out at the flowering stage of cucumber crop. double baiting treatments comprising zinc phosphide and bromadiolone in different combinations resulted in better reduction of rodent population and crop damage. deployment of different rodenticidal treatments saved yield loss from 7.00 to 11.82q/ha. thus, accomplishing cost benefit ratio of 1:88 to 1:107. bromadiolone followed by bromadiolone, the most pr ...	1997	9357178
chrc, encoding a chromoplast-specific carotenoid-associated protein, is an early gibberellic acid-responsive gene.	chrc, a corolla-specific carotenoid-associated protein, is a major component of carotenoid-lipoprotein complexes in cucumis sativus chromoplasts. using an in vitro flower bud culture system that mimics in vivo flower development, chrc mrna levels in corollas were shown to be specifically up-regulated by gibberellic acid. the response to gibberellic acid was very rapid (within 20 min) and insensitive to protein synthesis inhibition by cycloheximide. abscisic acid, known to antagonize gibberellin ...	1997	9312067
determination of the pesticide fenbutatin oxide in tomatoes, cucumbers and bananas by high performance liquid chromatographic/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry.	a rapid method, using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc)/ atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry, has been developed for the determination of fenbutatin oxide in tomatoes, cucumbers and bananas. samples were homogenized with sodium carbonate and ethyl acetate, filtered through sodium sulphate, concentrated and solvent exchanged into acetonitrile prior to analysis. hplc was performed on a hypercarb column with 10:90 acetic acid (5% v/v glacial acetic acid in water)/ ...	1997	9050264
isolation and regulation of accumulation of a minor chromoplast-specific protein from cucumber corollas.	the differentiation of chloroplasts to chromoplasts in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) corollas parallels flower development. chromoplast biogenesis involves chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid accumulation, and the appearance of a new set of proteins. to study factors involved in chromoplast biogenesis in floral tissues, a minor (in abundance) protein of about 14 kd, chrd (chromoplast protein d), was isolated from cucumber corolla chromoplasts. immunological characterization revealed that the pro ...	1997	9008387
a cdna encoding a putative spf1-type dna-binding protein from cucumber.	a cdna clone encoding a polypeptide with homology to the novel spf1 dna-binding protein of sweet potato has been isolated from a cdna library from rna of senescing cucumber (cucumis sativus, l.) cotyledons. comparison of the two sequences reveals similar features which may be important in the evolution and function of this protein, including a duplicated region of about 56 amino acids (aa). the first half of the duplicated region is enriched in basic aa and is very highly conserved, both within ...	1997	9055825
microviscosity of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit protoplast membranes is altered by triacontanol and abscisic acid.	cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit protoplast membranes were probed with diphenylhexatriene (dph) and pyrene, and also with two different plant growth regulators, triacontanol (tria) and abscisic acid (aba). fluorescence anisotropies of dph and pyrene were measured after incorporating them into the membranes. the fluorescence lifetime of membrane-bound pyrene was also measured by using neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (nd:yag) laser of 35 ps pulses. the microviscosities of the membranes ...	1997	9042348
long-chain saturated fatty acids can be alpha-oxidised by a purified enzyme (m(r) 240,000) in cucumber (cucumis sativus).	an enzyme (m(r) 240,000) with high fatty acid alpha-oxidation activity has been purified from the fruit of cucumber (cucumis sativus). the specific alpha-oxidation activity in the purified fraction was 370 nmol/min per mg protein determined as liberation of 14co2 from [1-14c]palmitic acid. alpha-oxidation activity was observed both in the 12,000 x g pellet and 150,000 x g pellet by differential fractionation of cucumber homogenate. the enzyme was purified about 220-fold to near homogeneity from ...	1997	9022754
evidence of phytoalexins in cucumber leaves infected with powdery mildew following treatment with leaf extracts of reynoutria sachalinensis.	phenolic compounds extracted from cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) leaves were separated and analyzed for their differential presence and fungitoxicity in relation to a prophylactic treatment with milsana (compo, munster, germany) against powdery mildew (sphaerotheca fuliginea). based on our extraction and purification procedures, at least eight separate phenolic compounds with antifungal activity were identified as intrinsic components of cucumber plants. of these compounds, six displayed a signif ...	1997	12223638
spectral quality affects disease development of three pathogens on hydroponically grown plants.	plants were grown under light-emitting diode (led) arrays with various spectra to determine the effects of light quality on the development of diseases caused by tomato mosaic virus (tomv) on pepper (capsicum annuum l.), powdery mildew [sphaerotheca fuliginea (schlectend:fr.) pollaci] on cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), and bacterial wilt (pseudomonas solanacearum smith) on tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.). one led (660) array supplied 99% red light at 660 nm (25 nm bandwidth at half-peak he ...	1997	11540250
serological relationships between tobacco necrosis virus-inducible cucumber peroxidase and corresponding peroxidase isoenzymes in other cucurbitaceae.	pathogenesis-related peroxidases (prxs), found in leaves of different cucurbits infected with tobacco necrosis virus (tnv), were compared serologically using a highly specific rabbit antiserum raised against prx purified from tnv-infected cotyledons of cucumis sativus l., cv. laura. after native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) of intercellular washing fluid extracts from a large number of species of this family, immunoblot analysis revealed the presence of cross-reacting protein bands ...	1997	9199712
identification and partial characterization of beta-1,3-glucanase from virus-infected cucumber cotyledons.	one of the five "pathogenesis-related" (pr) proteins known to accumulate in cucumis sativus l. cv. laura and to react hypersensitively to tobacco necrosis virus (tnv) was shown to to have beta-1,3-glucanase activity. the tnv-induced acidic beta-1,3-glucanase activity increased 6-fold after infection and had extracellular localization and estimated m(r) of 25,700. the beta-1,3-glucanase activity was investigated with a new method of activity staining using a conjugated substrate in overlay gels. ...	1997	9199713
intra- and extracellular isoforms of pr-3 class chitinase in virus-infected cucumber plants.	cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. laura) contains three different isoforms of chitinase (ec 3.2.1.14), thought to be involved in the defense against a pathogen. using a highly specific rabbit antiserum raised against a predominant, extracellularly localized, virus-inducible acidic chitinase (p28), two additional enzyme isoforms with differential mode of compartmentalization were identified. immunoblot analysis of the fractionated plant extracts separated by denaturing and native (anodic and catho ...	1997	9219636
origin of the epidermis in parasitic platyhelminths.	the epidermis of members of the major parasitic taxon neodermata is distinctive among flatworms, being a syncytial, insunk, non-ciliated epidermis that develops through a wholesale replacement of larval epidermis at metamorphosis when the larva attacks a host. how it arose in evolution from what must have been a turbellarian-like ancestor is not immediately evident. while many turbellarian flatworms have also adopted a symbiotic way of life, the literature on ultrastructure of epidermis in these ...	1997	9229254
a bacillus subtilis gene encoding a protein similar to nucleotide sugar transferases influences cell shape and viability.	bacillus subtilis gene ypfp, which is located at 196 degrees on the genetic map, shows similarity to both the monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase gene of cucumis sativus, which encodes a galactosyltransferase, and the murg genes of b. subtilis, escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, and synechocystis sp. strain pcc6803, which encode n-acetylglucosaminyltransferases involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. cells containing a null mutation of ypfp are shorter and rounder than wild-type cells d ...	1997	9244290
immunological identification of a basic homologue to acidic virus-inducible cucumber peroxidase.	eight basic, fast-moving pathogenesis-related peroxidase pr-prx isoenzymes were found to accumulate in cotyledons of cucumber (cucumis sativus l., cv.laura) reacting hypersensitively to tobacco necrosis virus (tnv). these isozymes were provisionally designated a, b, c, d, e, f, and g in the order of decreasing electrophoretic mobility in native cathodic polyacrylamide gels. besides the differential mode of compartmentalization, some of these isoenzymes serologically cross-reacted with the antise ...	1997	9385401
first report of a human isolate of erwinia persicinus.	erwinia persicinus was first described in 1990 after being isolated from a variety of fruits and vegetables, including bananas, cucumbers, and tomatoes. in 1994, it was shown to be the causative agent of necrosis of bean pods. we now report the first human isolate of e. persicinus. the strain was isolated from the urine of an 88-year-old woman who presented with a urinary tract infection. by the hydroxyapatite method, dna from this strain was shown to be 94.5% related at 60 degrees c and 86% rel ...	1998	9431957
development of a model for evaluation of microbial cross-contamination in the kitchen.	foods can become contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms from hands, the cutting board, and knives during preparation in the kitchen. a laboratory model was developed to determine occurrence of cross-contamination and efficacy of decontamination procedures in kitchen food-handling practices. enterobacter aerogenes b199a, an indicator bacterium with attachment characteristics similar to that of salmonella spp., was used. chicken meat with skin inoculated with 10(6) cfu of e. aerogenes b199a/g ...	1998	9713754
fatty acid alpha-oxidation of tetradecylthioacetic acid and tetradecylthiopropionic acid in cucumber (cucumis sativus).	fatty acid alpha-oxidation in cucumber (cucumis sativus) involves enzymatic conversion of long-chain cn-fatty acids to the c(n-1)-aldehyde and co2. however, the mechanism of this process is not well understood. in this study, the alpha-oxidation of the fatty acid analogues tetradecylthioacetic acid (tta) and tetradecylthiopropionic acid (ttp) with a sulphur atom substituting the methylene group in positions 3 and 4, respectively, was investigated and compared to palmitic acid. both [1-14c]tta an ...	1998	9795197
characterization of a cdna homologous to carotenoid-associated protein in citrus fruits.	a cdna (citpap) homologous to a gene encoding for cucumis sativus carotenoid-associated protein (chrc) has been isolated from satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.). unlike chrc whose expression was limited only in mature fruits (containing chromoplasts), citpap transcripts were detected in all the tissues examined including fruits, flowers and leaves. in this respect, citpap was rather close to a gene encoding for pepper plastid-lipid-associated protein (pap), which exhibits ubiquitous expressi ...	1998	9804984
[study on the physiological activities of the metabolites from paecilomyces arovirens].	the metabolites of paecilomyces arovirens exhibited insecticidal activities to many inscct pcsts, including cotton aphid, aphis gossypii, hawthorn ispidcr mitc, tetranychus viennensis and larvae of imported cabbage worm, pietis rapae. a comparison was made between the metabolites of p. arovirens and naphthyl acetic acid (naa) in wheat (triticum aestivum) and water melon (cucumis sativus) bioassays on their physiological effects. results demonstrated that some of the metabolites physiological act ...	1998	12549393
reducing meloidogyne incognita injury to cucumber in a tomato-cucumber double-cropping system.	the effects of a root-knot nematode-resistant tomato cultivar and application of the nematicide ethoprop on root-knot nematode injury to cucumber were compared in a tomato-cucumber double-cropping system. a root-knot nematode-resistant tomato cultivar, celebrity, and a susceptible cultivar, heatwave, were grown in rotation with cucumber in 1995 and 1996. celebrity suppressed populations of meloidogyne incognita in the soil and resulted in a low root-gall rating on the subsequent cucumber crop. n ...	1998	19274214
molecular characterization of cdsp 34, a chloroplastic protein induced by water deficit in solanum tuberosum l. plants, and regulation of cdsp 34 expression by aba and high illumination.	we previously described the accumulation of a 34 kda thylakoid protein, named cdsp 34 for chloroplastic drought-induced stress protein, in solanum tuberosum plants subjected to water deficit. a full-length cdsp 34 cdna has been isolated and we report here that mature cdsp 34 is highly similar to two chromoplastic proteins, fibrillin from capsicum annuum and chrc (for chromoplast protein c) from cucumis sativus, components of carotenoid-accumulating structures. northern and western analyses showe ...	1998	9839468
beta-galactosidase in immobilized cells of gherkin cucumis sativus l.	cell suspensions of gherkin (cucumis sativus l.) were permeabilized by tween-80, and immobilized by glutaraldehyde. beta-galactosidase showed ph optimum at 4.9 and temperature optimum at 58 degrees c. the enzyme catalysed hydrolysis was linear for 3 h with 60-68% conversion of the substrate. the cells characterized by high beta-galactosidase activity and stability on long-term storage showed valuable technological properties.	1998	9821891
lepidimoide promotes light-induced chlorophyll accumulation in cotyledons of sunflower seedlings.	the effect of disaccharide lepidimoide on light-induced chlorophyll accumulation was studied in cotyledons of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) seedlings and detached cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) cotyledons. from studies on the structure-activity relationships of lepidimoide, its analogs, and sucrose with respect to light-induced chlorophyll accumulation in the cotyledons of sunflower seedlings, both lepidimoide and the free carboxylic acid of lepidimoide (lepidimoic acid) showed the highest pro ...	1998	9892744
determination of the uptake of [pt(nh3)4](no3)2 by grass cultivated on a sandy loam soil and by cucumber plants, grown hydroponically.	two cultivation experiments were carried out in order to answer the question to what extent platinum can enter the food chain by accumulation in plants, when the platinum is present in a bio-available form: (i) cucumber plants (cucumis sativus) were grown hydroponically in nutrient solutions containing [pt(nh3)4](no3)2 (from 0.5 to 50 micrograms pt/l solution); and (ii) a water-soluble platinum compound--[pt(nh3)4](no3)2--was added in increasing amounts to a sandy loam soil (from 0.5 to 50 mg pt ...	1998	9753790
expression of multiple agamous-like genes in male and female flowers of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	members of the mads-box gene family control reproductive development in higher plants. in cucumber, floral development exhibits several interesting features related to a genetically determined sex-expression mechanism, that affects the differentiation of male and female flowers. in this study, three cdna homologues of the homeotic gene agamous have been cloned from early-stage floral buds of cucumis sativus and fully sequenced. their expression was studied by northern analysis using two contrast ...	1998	9729894
cutin monomers and surface wax constituents elicit h2o2 in conditioned cucumber hypocotyl segments and enhance the activity of other h2o2 elicitors	hypocotyls from etiolated cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings were gently abraded at their epidermal surface and cut segments were conditioned to develop competence for h2o2 elicitation. alkaline hydrolysates of cutin from cucumber, tomato, and apple elicited h2o2 in such conditioned segments. the most active constituent of cucumber cutin was identified as dodecan-1-ol, a novel cutin monomer capable of forming hydrophobic terminal chains. additionally, the cutin hydrolysates enhanced the act ...	1998	9701593
use and removal of sulfite by conversion to sulfate in the preservation of salt-free cucumbers.	cucumbers (cucumis sativus) were microbiologically stable in cover liquid containing 300 ppm of added sodium metabisulfite (calculated as so2), 20 mm calcium chloride, and hcl to give an equilibrated ph of 3.5. the sulfur(iv) oxoanions could be easily removed to nondetectable levels (< 3 ppm) by addition of an equimolar amount of hydrogen peroxide, which rapidly converted s(iv) primarily to sulfate ions. when sulfur(iv) oxoanions were removed from stored fresh cucumbers, 85% of the added metabis ...	1998	9678174
peptides controlling stifness of connective tissue in sea cucumbers.	we present the first evidence of a system of four bioactive peptides that affect the stiffness of sea cucumber dermis. the body wall dermis of sea cucumbers consists of catch connective tissue that is characterized by quick and drastic stiffness changes under nervous control. the peptides were isolated from the body wall, their amino acid sequences determined, and identical peptides synthesized. two peptides, which we named holokinins, are homologous with bradykinin. we tested the effect of the ...	1998	9664654
dim-red-light-induced increase in polar auxin transport in cucumber seedlings. i. development of altered capacity, velocity, and response to inhibitors	we have developed and characterized a system to analyze light effects on auxin transport independent of photosynthetic effects. polar transport of [3h]indole-3-acetic acid through hypocotyl segments from etiolated cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings was increased in seedlings grown in dim-red light (drl) (0.5 &mgr;mol m-2 s-1) relative to seedlings grown in darkness. both transport velocity and transport intensity (export rate) were increased by at least a factor of 2. tissue formed in drl c ...	1998	9536069
bioconcentration of chlorinated biphenyls in biota from the north pacific ocean.	this study examined polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congener bioconcentration patterns in tissues of marine biota (macrophytes, urchins, mollusks, sea cucumbers, fishes) at midway atoll, north pacific ocean. calculated mean lipid-normalized logarithmic bioconcentration factors (log bcfl) for pcb congeners in various marine species ranged from 3.75 to 6.97. the relationship between log bcfl and the logarithmic n-octanol-water partition coefficient (log kow) can be adequately described by species-s ...	1998	9493325
temperature-stress-induced impairment of chlorophyll biosynthetic reactions in cucumber and wheat	chlorophyll (chl) biosynthesis in chill (7 degreesc)- and heat (42 degreesc)-stressed cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv poinsette) seedlings was affected by 90 and 60%, respectively. inhibition of chl biosynthesis was partly due to impairment of 5-aminolevulinic acid biosynthesis both in chill- (78%) and heat-stress (70%) conditions. protochlorophyllide (pchlide) synthesis in chill- and heat-stressed seedlings was inhibited by 90 and 70%, respectively. severe inhibition of pchlide biosynthesis in ...	1998	9662527
magnetic studies of the trinuclear center in laccase and ascorbate oxidase approached by epr spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements.	the trinuclear centers in rhus vernicifera laccase and cucumis sativus ascorbate oxidase have been studied by epr spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements over the wide range of 5 k to 300 k. the epr spectra showed that type ii copper receives increasing tetrahedral distortion with raising temperature. magnetic susceptibilities of laccase showed that both of type i and type ii coppers are almost fully paramagnetic since the antiferromagnetic interaction between type iii coppers is e ...	1998	9602107
the effects of time and intensity of supplemental blue lighting during morning twilight on growth and physiological performance of cucumber seedlings.	cucumbers (cucumis sativus l. cv. naoyosi) were grown hydroponically at air temperatures of 28/24 degrees c (d/n) and photosynthetic photon flux (ppf) of 300 micromoles m-2 s-1, in a walk-in type growth cabinet equipped with 3-band fluorescent lamps. plants were subjected to supplemental blue lighting applied daily just before the 14-h photoperiod (morning twilight) under ppfs of 0, 10, 30, 100, and 200 micromoles m-2 s-1. treatment periods were 0, 5, 30, or 120 min. growth and morphological par ...	1998	11541669
cytochrome p450 monooxygenase system in echinoderms.	the results of a limited number of studies on echinoderms provide evidence for the presence of a cytochrome p450 monooxygenase system in representatives of three classes of the phylum echinodermata: the asteroids (sea stars), holothuroids (sea cucumbers) and echinoids (sea urchins). the monooxygenase system has been demonstrated to be involved in the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds, but is assumed to have its primary function in the metabolism of endogenous substrates, such as steroids. avail ...	1998	9972455
analysis of peg formation in cucumber seedlings grown on clinostats and in a microgravity (space) environment.	in young cucumber seedlings, the peg is a polar out-growth of tissue that functions by snagging the seed coat, thereby freeing the cotyledons. previous studies have indicated that peg formation is gravity dependent. in this study we analyzed peg formation in cucumber seedlings (cucumis sativus l. cv burpee hybrid ii) grown under conditions of normal gravity, microgravity, and simulated microgravity (clinostat rotation). seeds were germinated on the ground, in clinostats and on board the space sh ...	1999	11543180
polymer mobility in cell walls of cucumber hypocotyls.	cell walls were prepared from the growing region of cucumber (cucumis sativus) hypocotyls and examined by solid-state 13c nmr spectroscopy, in both enzymically active and inactivated states. the rigidity of individual polymer segments within the hydrated cell walls was assessed from the proton magnetic relaxation parameter, t2, and from the kinetics of cross-polarisation from 1h to 13c. the microfibrils, including most of the xyloglucan in the cell wall, as well as cellulose, behaved as very rig ...	1999	11536903
differential sensitivity of purified isoforms of cucumber anionic virus-inducible peroxidase to exogenous proteases.	three different molecular forms, isoforms, of the major virus-inducible anionic peroxidase (prx) of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) were purified to homogeneity from crude extracts of hypersensitively reacting cotyledons and subjected to proteolysis with five exogenous endoproteinases. the prx isoforms were fully resistant to degradation by trypsin and chymotrypsin even though at a prolonged incubation. partial proteolysis with pepsin yielded peptides which were similar in size and serological pro ...	1999	10757232
behavior of methamidophos residues in peppers, cucumbers, and cherry tomatoes grown in a greenhouse: evaluation by decline curves.	residue levels of methamidophos were determined in peppers, cucumbers, and cherry tomatoes grown in commercial greenhouses, up to 6 weeks after being sprayed with monitor (methamidophos 60%). mathematically defined decline curves were established by determining optimal relationships between methamidophos residues and time, using different models. model functions that best fit experimental data were 1st-order function for cucumber, 1.5th-order function for pepper, and 1st-order root function for ...	1999	10552657
expression characteristics of cs-acs1, cs-acs2 and cs-acs3, three members of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene family in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit under carbon dioxide stress.	we investigated the expression pattern of three 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) synthase genes, cs-acs1, cs-acs2 and cs-acs3 in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit under co2 stress. co2 stress-induced ethylene production paralleled the accumulation of only cs-acs1 transcripts which disappeared upon withdrawal of co2. cycloheximide inhibited the co2 stress-induced ethylene production but superinduced the accumulation of cs-acs1 transcript. at higher concentrations, cycloheximide also indu ...	1999	10202812
cucumber cotyledon lipoxygenase during postgerminative growth. its expression and action on lipid bodies.	in cucumber (cucumis sativus), high lipoxygenase-1 (lox-1) activity has been detected in the soluble fraction prepared from cotyledons of germinating seeds, and the involvement of this enzyme in lipid turnover has been suggested (k. matsui, m. irie, t. kajiwara, a. hatanaka [1992] plant sci 85: 23-32; i. fuessner, c. wasternack, h. kindl, h. kühn [1995] proc natl acad sci usa 92: 11849-11853). in this study we have investigated the expression of the gene lox-1, corresponding to the lox-1 enzyme. ...	1999	10198086
toxins from sea cucumbers (holothuroids): chemical structures, properties, taxonomic distribution, biosynthesis and evolution.	studies on structures, biological activities, chemical properties, taxonomic distribution, biosynthesis, and evolution of toxins from sea cucumbers (the phylum echinodermata, the class holothurioidea) were reviewed with special emphasis on recent results from our laboratory. these toxins are triterpene oligoglycosides having very often one or several sulfate groups in carbohydrate moieties. their aglycones belong to lanostane derivatives and sometimes contain shortened side chains. many aglycone ...	1999	10410334
pyruvate kinase activity as an indicator of the level of k(+), mg(2+), and ca(2+) in leaves and fruits of the cucumber: the role of potassium fertilization.	little is known about the effects of k(+) fertilization on pyruvate kinase (pk) activities in cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. brunex) grown in the greenhouse on calcareous soils. here, the effect of k rates on the concentrations of k(+), mg(2+), and ca(2+) and on the pk activity as a possible indicator of the levels of these cations in the leaves and fruits of cucumber plants has been studied. the treatments consisted of applications of three rates of k in the form of k(2)so(4) (k1 = 0.075 mg m ...	1999	10552378
cdna cloning of a novel lectin-like xylem sap protein and its root-specific expression in cucumber.	a novel cdna encoding a major 30-kda protein in xylem sap of cucumber cucumis sativus (xsp30) was homologous to the b chains of galactose-binding lectins such as ricin and abrin. xsp30 gene was specifically expressed in roots, and xsp30 was immunologically detected only in the xylem sap, but not in any organs.	1999	10635119
bi-penta-bi-decaradial symmetry: a review of evolutionary and developmental trends in holothuroidea (echinodermata)	holothuroidea, comprising the sea cucumbers, is the least studied class of extant echinoderms, yet this group possesses a wealth of features of potential interest to developmental and evolutionary biologists. holothuroids include the most morphologically derived echinoderms, including pelagic species and spheroid, plated taxa with mouth and anus adjacent at the end of a long, flexible stalk. to begin investigating this diversity of body form, we first estimated evolutionary relationships in the ...	1999	10440720
age dependent alterations in photosystem ii acceptor side in cucumis sativus cotyledonary leaf thylakoids: analysis of binding characteristics of herbicide [14c]-atrazine.	senescence induced temporal changes in photosystems can be conveniently studied in cotyledonary leaves. we monitored the protein, chlorophyll and electron transport activities in cucumis sativus cv poinsette cotyledonary leaves and observed that by 20th day, there was a 50%, 41% and 30-33% decline in the chlorophyll, protein and photosystem ii activity respectively when compared to 6th day cotyledonary leaves taken as control. we investigated the changes in photosystem ii activity (o2 evolution) ...	1999	10549155
intermediates and products formed during fatty acid alpha-oxidation in cucumber (cucumis sativus).	fatty acid alpha-oxidation is an essential metabolic pathway both in plants and in mammals which is still not completely understood. we previously described and purified an alpha-oxidation enzyme in cucumber which has been used in the present investigation of the alpha-oxidation reaction mechanism. free fatty acids, and not the coa thioesters, were found to undergo alpha-oxidation in cucumber. 2-hydroxy- and 2-oxopalmitic acids were identified as palmitic acid alpha-oxidation intermediates by hi ...	1999	10478923
regeneration of the enteric nervous system in the sea cucumber holothuria glaberrima.	among higher metazoans, echinoderms exhibit the most impressive capacity for regeneration. holothurians, or sea cucumbers, respond to adverse stimuli by autotomizing and ejecting their visceral organs, which are then regenerated. neuronal fibers and cell bodies are present within the viscera, but previous regeneration studies have not accounted for the nervous component. we used light microscopic immunocytochemistry and ultrastructural studies to describe the regeneration of the enteric nervous ...	1999	10205023
virus particles of cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus move systemically in the phloem of infected cucumber plants.	systemic movement through the phloem of infected host plants is a key process in the life cycle of plant viruses, knowledge of which is scant. a main point to be elucidated is the structural form in which virus infection moves within the phloem. indirect evidence suggests that virions might be the viral structure that moves in the phloem, but data from direct analysis in phloem sap have not been reported. we have done such analysis in the system cucumber (from which phloem exudate can be collect ...	1999	9926413
translocation of structural p proteins in the phloem.	phloem-specific proteins (p proteins) are particularly useful markers to investigate long-distance trafficking of macromolecules in plants. in this study, genus-specific molecular probes were used in combination with intergeneric grafts to reveal the presence of a pool of translocatable p protein subunits. immunoblot analyses demonstrated that cucurbita spp p proteins pp1 and pp2 are translocated from cucurbita maxima stocks and accumulate in cucumis sativus scions. cucurbita maxima or cucurbita ...	1999	9878637
determination of carbaryl, carbofuran and methiocarb in cucumbers and strawberries by monoclonal enzyme immunoassays and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. an analytical comparison.	carbaryl, carbofuran and methiocarb are three of the most important n-methylcarbamate pesticides. in the present work, the application of laboratory-developed monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) to the determination of these compounds in fruits and vegetables is described. cucumbers and strawberries were spiked with the three carbamates at 10, 50 and 200 ppb. after extraction and clean-up, samples were analyzed by immunoassay and by hplc with post-column derivat ...	1999	10074694
a new enzyme electrode based on ascorbate oxidase immobilized in gelatin for specific determination of l-ascorbic acid.	a biosensor for the specific determination of l-ascorbic acid in fruit juices and vitamin c tablets was developed using ascorbate oxidase (ec 1.10.3.3) from cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) in combination with a dissolved oxygen probe. ascorbate oxidase immobilized with gelatin using glutaraldehyde and fixed on pretreated teflon membrane served as an enzyme electrode. the phosphate buffer (50 mm, ph 7.5) and 35 degrees c were established as providing the optimum conditions. the biosensor response d ...	1999	18967698
synthesis and herbicidal activity of 2alpha, 4alpha-dimethyl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one derivatives.	the catalytic oxidation of 2alpha,4alpha-dimethyl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2. 1]oct-6-en-3-one with osmium tetraoxide and excess hydrogen peroxide resulted in the formation of 2alpha,4alpha-dimethyl-6, 7-exo-isopropylidenedioxy-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (2), with 91% yield. addition of aryllithium reagents to this compound resulted in the formation of the aromatic alcohols (6a-h) with 48-76% yield. these alcohols were treated with thionyl chloride in pyridine, and the corresponding alkenes (7a-h) wer ...	1999	10552894
[marine life envenomations: example in new caledonia].	marine life in the waters of new caledonia is extraordinarily rich. however some of the animals inhabiting this wonderland are dangerous including a number of venomous species. a retrospective study conducted at the territorial hospital in noumea for the three-year period between 1995 and 1998 showed that nearly 200 people/year were victims of envenomation by marine animals. findings also indicated that the incidence of envenomation was rising as the practice of marine activities by the local po ...	1999	10701210
induction of defense responses in cucumber plants (cucumis sativus l. ) by the biocontrol agent trichoderma harzianum	the potential of the biocontrol agent trichoderma harzianum t-203 to trigger plant defense responses was investigated by inoculating roots of cucumber seedlings with trichoderma in an aseptic, hydroponic system. trichoderma-treated plants were more developed than nontreated plants throughout the experiment. electron microscopy of ultrathin sections from trichoderma-treated roots revealed penetration of trichoderma into the roots, restricted mainly to the epidermis and outer cortex. strengthening ...	1999	10049864
spider mite-induced (3s)-(e)-nerolidol synthase activity in cucumber and lima bean. the first dedicated step in acyclic c11-homoterpene biosynthesis.	many plant species respond to herbivory with de novo production of a mixture of volatiles that attracts carnivorous enemies of the herbivores. one of the major components in the blend of volatiles produced by many different plant species in response to herbivory by insects and spider mites is the homoterpene 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(e), 7-nonatriene. one study (j. donath, w. boland [1995] phytochemistry 39: 785-790) demonstrated that a number of plant species can convert the acyclic sesquiterpene alcoho ...	1999	10482672
biochemical analysis of plant protection afforded by a nonpathogenic endophytic mutant of colletotrichum magna	a nonpathogenic mutant of colletotrichum magna (path-1) was previously shown to protect watermelon (citrullus lanatus) and cucumber (cucumis sativus) seedlings from anthracnose disease elicited by wild-type c. magna. disease protection was observed in stems of path-1-colonized cucurbits but not in cotyledons, indicating that path-1 conferred tissue-specific and/or localized protection. plant biochemical indicators of a localized and systemic (peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, lignin, and ...	1999	9952476
identification of proteins associated with plastoglobules isolated from pea (pisum sativum l.) chloroplasts.	plastoglobules are conspicuous lipid-containing structures in the chloroplast stroma and are thought to serve as lipid reservoirs for thylakoid membranes. plastoglobules also contain low levels of proteins. we have purified plastoglobules from a pea chloroplast membrane fraction. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the purified plastoglobules revealed more than a dozen distinct polypeptides that we propose to term plastoglobulins. for one of the proteins, termed ...	1999	10213003
biocontrol strain pseudomonas sp. w34: specific detection and quantification in the rhizosphere of cucumis sativus with a dna probe and genotypic characterization by dna fingerprinting.	a dna probe specific for biocontrol strains of pseudomonas was produced by screening randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) pcr fragments. specificity of the probe was assessed by dot blot and colony hybridization. it was used to specifically determine the population of these strains on roots of cucumis sativus cv. delikatess. two polymorphic rapd fragments of 750 bp, and 550 bp showed identical specificity. the biocontrol strain pseudomonas sp. w34 was shown to be competitive in the rhizosph ...	1999	10431388
utilization of heterologous siderophores enhances levels of iron available to pseudomonas putida in the rhizosphere.	pseudomonas spp. have the capacity to utilize siderophores produced by diverse species of bacteria and fungi, and the present study was initiated to determine if siderophores produced by rhizosphere microorganisms enhance the levels of iron available to a strain of pseudomonas putida in this natural habitat. we used a previously described transcriptional fusion (pvd-inaz) between an iron-regulated promoter (pvd) and the ice nucleation reporter gene (inaz) to detect alterations in iron availabili ...	1999	10583989
[assessment of the impact of the biological rodenticide biorat in populations of rodents settled in several crops of the republic of costa rica].	the impact of biological rodenticide biorat on populations of rodents settled in some crops was determined; these crops are highly infested with sigmodon hispidus, a very common vector in various central american countries. the trapping technique and the appraisal of damages allowed to calculate the index of infestation which ranged from 75 to 90 percent in three crops. twenty for to 36 kg of biorat were applied to 6 ha planted with cucumis sativus (cucumber), ipomoea batata (sweet potato) and a ...	1999	10887586
induction and distribution of amylolytic activity in cucumis sativus l. in response to virus infection.	inoculation of cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. laura) cotyledons with tobacco necrosis virus (tnv) causes both qualitative and quantitative changes in the total and fractionated protein extracts as well as in amylolytic activity. using a specific test it was demonstrated that the virus infection strongly enhances a major band (rf 0.0645) of amylolytic activity, predominantly located in apoplast space. the accumulation of this extracellular amylolytic activity is regulated by a time-dependent ma ...	1999	10749368
integrated production and protection under protected cultivation in the mediterranean region.	the article discusses some basic aspects of the integrated production and protection of horticultural crops, basically vegetables (e.g. tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, eggplants, beans, etc.) and fruit trees (bananas), as well as flowers grown under cover in the mediterranean region, namely morocco, syria, lebanon, egypt, jordan, tunisia, cyprus, and turkey.	1999	14538139
biological control of fusarium wilt of cucumber by chitinolytic bacteria.	abstract two chitinolytic bacterial strains, paenibacillus sp. 300 and streptomyces sp. 385, suppressed fusarium wilt of cucumber (cucumis sativus) caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum in nonsterile, soilless potting medium. a mixture of the two strains in a ratio of 1:1 or 4:1 gave significantly (p < 0.05) better control of the disease than each of the strains used individually or than mixtures in other ratios. several formulations were tested, and a zeolite-based, chitosan-amended f ...	1999	18944809
bacterial-mediated induced resistance in cucumber: beneficial effect of the endophytic bacterium serratia plymuthica on the protection against infection by pythium ultimum.	abstract the potential of the endophytic bacterium serratia plymuthica strain r1gc4 in stimulating defense reactions in cucumber (cucumis sativus) seedlings inoculated with the soilborne pathogen pythium ultimum was explored at the cellular level. bacterial treatment prior to pythium inoculation resulted in less seedling disease development as compared with that in nontreated control plants, in which typical root symptoms were visible by 3 days after inoculation with the pathogen. histological i ...	2000	18944571
effect of the indigenous microflora on the development of root and crown rot caused by pythium aphanidermatum in cucumber grown on rockwool.	abstract the capacity of the microflora in rockwool to suppress pythium aphanidermatum, the causative agent of root and crown rot in cucumber, was assessed. disease development of cucumber (cucumis sativus) grown on rockwool was evaluated in an "ebb-and-flood" system with a recirculating nutrient solution after inoculation with p. aphanidermatum. in five independent experiments from 1995 to 1998, 11 batches of used rockwool were tested. all batches without p. aphanidermatum problems in the prece ...	2000	18944600
the lupinus albus class-iii chitinase gene, if3, is constitutively expressed in vegetative organs and developing seeds.	a cdna fragment encoding a lupinus albus. l. class-iii chitinase, if3, was isolated, using a cdna probe from cucumis sativus l., by in-situ plaque hybridization from a cdna library constructed in the uni-zap xr vector, with mrnas isolated from mature lupin leaves. the cdna had a coding sequence of 293 amino acids including a 27-residue n-terminal signal peptide. a class-iii chitinase gene was detected by southern analysis in the l. albus genome. western blotting experiments showed that the if3 p ...	2000	10787047
expression of cucumber lipid-body lipoxygenase in transgenic tobacco: lipid-body lipoxygenase is correctly targeted to seed lipid bodies.	a particular isoform of lipoxygenase (lox, ec 1.13.11.12) localized on lipid bodies has been shown by earlier investigations to play a role during seed germination in initiating the mobilization of triacylglycerols. on lipid bodies of germinating cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings, the modification of linoleoyl moieties by this lox precedes the hydrolysis of the ester bonds. we analyzed the expression and intracellular location of this particular lox form in leaves and seeds of tobacco (nic ...	2000	10805441
control of pythium root rot on hydroponically grown cucumbers with silver-coated cloth.	silver-coated cloth (scc) effectively controlled root rot that was caused by pythium aphanidermatum in hydroponically grown cucumber plants. the presence of scc in the hydroponic solution reduced the root rot from 100% to 10% 20 days after inoculation with zoospores of p. aphanidermatum. it was suggested that the inhibition of scc was caused not only by the silver ion dissolved from scc, but also by the metallic silver and silver compounds formed on the surface of the root.	2000	10945273
interaction between zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus rna-dependent rna polymerase and host poly-(a) binding protein.	viral replication depends on compatible interactions between a virus and its host. for rna viruses, the viral replicases (rna-dependent rna polymerases; rdrps) often associate with components of the host translational apparatus. to date, host factors interacting with potyvirus replicases have not been identified. the potyviridae, which form the largest and most economically important plant virus family, have numerous similarities with the animal virus family, the picornaviridae. potyviruses have ...	2000	10998341
a genetic map of cucumber composed of rapds, rflps, aflps, and loci conditioning resistance to papaya ringspot and zucchini yellow mosaic viruses.	the watermelon strain of papaya ringspot virus (prsv-w) and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv) are potyviruses that cause significant disease losses in cucumber. resistances have been identified primarily in exotic germplasm that require transfer to elite cultivated backgrounds. to select more efficiently for virus resistances, we identified molecular markers tightly linked to prsv-w and zymv resistances in cucumber. we generated f6 recombinant inbred lines (rils) from a cross between cucumis s ...	2000	11195331
uptake of dioxin-like compounds from sewage sludge into various plant species--assessment of levels using a sensitive bioassay.	a bioassay for the detection of dioxin-like compounds was used to estimate uptake of dioxin-like compounds in carrots, oil seed rape seeds, zucchinis and cucumbers grown in soil amended with sewage sludge from swedish sewage treatment plants (stp). this sensitive bioassay is based on 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod)-induction in cultured chicken embryo livers and reflects the combined biological effect of all dioxin-like compounds in a sample, including ones that seldom are analyzed. the bi ...	2000	10739061
vascular tissue-specific gene expression of xylem sap glycine-rich proteins in root and their localization in the walls of metaxylem vessels in cucumber.	root-specific cdnas of glycine-rich protein (cucumber root glycine rich protein-1 and -2; crgrp-1 and crgrp-2) were cloned previously by use of an antiserum raised against whole xylem sap of cucumis sativus. the accumulation of the corresponding mrna at high levels was detected in the root-hair zone of cucumber tap root [sakuta et al. (1998) plant cell physiol. 39: 1330]. the rna gel blot analysis with the crgrp-1- and -2-specific probes revealed that the crgrp genes expressed only in root but n ...	2000	10929946
assortment of the plants in the medieval diet in czech countries (based on archaeobotanical finds).	the finds of remains of useful plants in archaeological objects were drawing attention already in the last century. however, it was not until after the world war ii, in relation with renovation of historical cores of the towns, when a separate branch of the botany--archaeobotany constituted. in the czech republic it was e. opravil who was the first to become engaged in a systematic archaeobotanical research at the beginning of the 60's. all the vegetal remains--fruits and seeds on the first plac ...	2000	15828207
potential of entomopathogenic nematodes for biological control of acalymma vittatum (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in cucumbers grown in conventional and organic soil management systems.	acalymma vittatum (f.) is the primary insect pest of fresh-market cucumber and melon crops in much of the eastern united states because of their herbivory and interactions with several diseases, most notably bacterial wilt. a study was conducted to determine how soil management affects viability and infectivity of an entomopathogenic nematode that may be used for the control of a. vittatum. dose-mortality curves under laboratory conditions suggested several steinernema spp. as potential biocontr ...	2000	10902305
simple sequence repeats in cucumis mapping and map merging.	thirty-four polymorphic simple-sequence repeats (ssrs) were evaluated for length polymorphism in melon (cucumis melo l.) and cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). ssr markers were located on three melon maps (18 on the map of 'vedrantais' and pi 161375, 23 on the map of 'piel de sapo' and pi 161375, and 16 on the map of pi 414723 and 'dulce'). in addition, 14 of the markers were located on the cucumber map of gy14 and pi 183967. ssrs proved to be randomly distributed throughout the melon and cucumber g ...	2000	11195350
antioxidant responses of cucumber (cucumis sativus) to photoinhibition and oxidative stress induced by norflurazon under high and low ppfds.	photooxidative damage is exacerbated by norflurazon (nf), which blocks carotenoid biosynthesis. this study examined the influence of photosynthetic photon flux density (ppfd) on the overall responses of both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants to nf-caused oxidative damage in leaves of cucumber (cucumis sativus). seven-day-old cucumber plants were exposed to nf under either low ppfd (30 µmol m(-2) s(-1)) or high ppfd (300 µmol m(-2) s(-1)) for 3 days. the nf plants exposed at high ppfd had ...	2000	10717320
metabolic responses in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) roots under fe-deficiency: a 31p-nuclear magnetic resonance in-vivo study.	the metabolic responses occurring in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) roots (a strategy-i plant) grown under iron-deficiency conditions were studied in-vivo using 31p-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. iron starvation induced activation of metabolism leading to the consumption of stored carbohydrates to produce the nad(p)h, atp and phosphoenolpyruvate necessary to sustain the increased activity of the nad(p)h:fe(3+)-reductase, the h(+)-atpase (ec 3.6.1.35) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ...	2000	10872232
differential accumulation of aux/iaa mrna during seedling development and gravity response in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	the plant hormone auxin transcriptionally activates aux/iaa genes. we have isolated three aux/iaa cdna from cucumber, two cdnas (cs-iaa1 and cs-iaa2) containing the complete open reading frame (orf), and one partial cdna (cs-iaa3). northern blotting analysis showed that aux/iaa mrnas were induced during the emergence of radicles from seed coats. after radicle emergence, their mrnas accumulated in the basal part of the hypocotyl much more than in the apical part, and later in elongating region of ...	2000	10809445
zygotic and somatic embryos of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) substantially differ in their levels of abscisic acid.	in this work we studied the changes in the level of abscisic acid (aba) in the somatic embryos (se) and in the diploid and triploid zygotic embryos (ze) of the same cucumber line during embryogenesis and seed maturation. different stages of seed development were selected according to days after pollination (dap): 21, 24, 28, 35, 42 and 42 plus 14 days of storage for diploid ze and 35 and 42 plus 14 days of storage for triploid ze. se were collected at five growth stages from globular to late cot ...	2000	10940476
water stress enhances beta-amylase activity in cucumber cotyledons.	cotyledons detached from 4-d-old cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings were subjected to water stress (air-drying or peg-treatment) to examine the effects of the stress on carbohydrate metabolism. amylolytic activity in the cotyledon was increased about 6-fold by water stress within 1 d. the substrate specificity and the action pattern indicated that beta-amylase is responsible for the activity. activities of azocaseinase, malate dehydrogenase and triose-phosphate isomerase were not affected b ...	2000	10938866
development of fe-deficiency responses in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) roots: involvement of plasma membrane h(+)-atpase activity.	one of the mechanisms through which some strategy i plants respond to fe-deficiency is an enhanced acidification of the rhizosphere due to proton extrusion. it was previously demonstrated that under fe-deficiency, a strong increase in the h(+)-atpase activity of plasma membrane (pm) vesicles isolated from cucumber roots occurred. this result was confirmed in the present work and supported by measurement of atp-dependent proton pumping in inside-out plasma membrane vesicles. there was also an att ...	2000	10938861
the ethylene-regulated expression of cs-etr2 and cs-ers genes in cucumber plants and their possible involvement with sex expression in flowers.	it has been reported that ethylene production by cucumber plants is strongly related to the sex expression of their flowers. it has also been shown that both cs-acs2 gene expression and ethylene evolution are much greater in gynoecious cucumber plants than monoecious ones. to investigate the action mechanism of ethylene in the induction of femaleness of cucumber flowers, we isolated three ethylene-receptor-related genes, cs-etr1, cs-etr2 and cs-ers, from cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) plants. of ...	2000	10929944
determination of major aroma impact compounds in fermented cucumbers by solid-phase microextraction--gas chromatography--mass spectrometry--olfactometry detection.	purge-and-trap, solid-phase extraction, and solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (spme-gc-ms) sample preparation techniques for the analysis of odor impact chemicals in fermented cucumber brine are compared. spme-gc-ms is coupled with detection frequency olfactometry experiments to determine key impact odor compounds in the brine. the most potent odorants that define the typical characteristic brine aroma are trans-4-hexenoic acid and cis-4-hexenoic acid. confirmation ...	2000	10901416
oxidative stress in cucumber (cucumis sativus l) seedlings treated with acifluorfen.	treatment of diphenyl ether herbicide acifluorfen-na (af-na) to intact cucumber (cucumis sativus l cv poinsette) seedlings induced overaccumulation of protoporphyrin ix in light (75 mumole m-2 s-1). the extra-plastidic protoporphyrin ix accumulated during the light exposure disappeared within two hours of transfer of acifluorofen-treated seedlings to darkness. the dark disappearance was due to re-entry of migrated protoporphyrin ix into the plastid and its subsequent conversion to protochlorophy ...	2000	11355639
morphogenesis in cucumber seedlings is negatively controlled by gravity.	seedlings of most cucurbitaceous plants develop a peg (protuberance caused by cell outgrowth) on the transition zone between the hypocotyl and root. the peg is necessary for removing the seed coat after germination. in our spaceflight experiments on the sts-95 space shuttle, discovery, we found that cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings grown under microgravity conditions developed two pegs symmetrically at the transition zone. thus, cucumber seedlings potentially develop two pegs and do not r ...	2000	10750911
analysis of phytochelatins in plant matrices by pre-column derivatization, high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence-detection.	a sensitive method for the determination of phytochelatins in plant matrices by pre-column derivatization with monobromobimane (mbrb) and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on reversed phases and fluorescence-detection has been developed and applied to cucumber sprouts (cucumis sativus) treated with cadmium and to the water moss fontinalis antipyretica (cd in environmentally-relevant concentrations). whereas phytochelatins were found in the cd-treated sprouts, no phytochelatins were d ...	2000	11225681
regulation of protoporphyrin ix biosynthesis by intraplastidic compartmentalization and adenosine triphosphate.	subplastidic preparations from cotyledons of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) were tested for their ability to synthesize protoporphyrin ix from the substrate 5-aminolevulinic acid. envelope or thylakoid membranes failed to synthesize protoporphyrin ix from the substrate 5-aminolevulinic acid. stromal preparations synthesized a very low amount of protoporphyrin ix. in a reconstitution experiment using stroma + envelope membranes, protoporphyrin ix synthesis from 5-aminolevulinic acid was enhanced b ...	2000	11219583
3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of benzoic acid and salicylic acid but benzaldehyde is not.	stable-isotope-labelled (2h6, 18o) 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid, a putative intermediate in the biosynthesis of benzoic acid (ba) and salicylic acid (sa) from cinnamic acid, has been synthesized and administered to cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and nicotiana attenuata (torrey). analysis of the products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed incorporation of labelling into ba and sa, but not into benzaldehyde. in a separate experiment, 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid was found to b ...	2000	11219576
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) roots under iron deficiency: activity and kinetic characterization.	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepcase) activity was investigated in cucumber roots grown under iron starvation. the enzyme extracted from plants grown in the presence and in the absence of fe was characterized both kinetically and biochemically. extractable pepcase activity was increased by 4-fold in the absence of fe. this increase began about 5 d after fe starvation. western blot analysis revealed the presence of two polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 103 and 108 kda. at the beg ...	2000	11113168
inhibition of formation of oxidative volatile components in fermented cucumbers by ascorbic acid and turmeric.	two naturally occurring antioxidants, ascorbic acid and turmeric, were effective in inhibiting formation of hexanal, (e)-2-penenal, (e)-2-hexenal, (e)-2-heptenal, and (e)-2-octenal when slurries of fermented cucumber tissue were exposed to oxygen. added ascorbic acid prevented formation of most of these oxidative aldehydes at 175 ppm or greater. turmeric, which is used commercially as a yellow coloring in cucumber pickle products, was found to almost completely prevent aldehyde formation at 40 p ...	2000	11052754
chilling stress-induced changes of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of cucumber: in gel enzyme activity assays.	to investigate the antioxidant defense system, chilling stress-induced changes of antioxidant enzymes were examined in the leaves of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). chilling stress preferentially enhanced the activities of the superoxide dismutase (sod), ascorbate peroxidase (apx), glutathione reductase (gr) and peroxidase specific to guaiacol, whereas it induced the decrease of catalase activity. in order to analyze the changes of antioxidant enzyme isoforms against chilling stress, foliar extra ...	2000	11011095
involvement of polyamines in the chilling tolerance of cucumber cultivars.	the possible involvement of polyamines (pas) in the chilling tolerance of cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv jinchun no. 3 and cv suyo) was investigated. plants with the first expanded leaves were exposed to 3 degrees c or 15 degrees c in the dark for 24 h (chilling), and then transferred to 28 degrees c/22 degrees c under a 12-h photoperiod for another 24 h (rewarming). chilling-tolerant cv jinchun no. 3 showed a marked increase of free spermidine (spd) in leaves, once during chilling and again du ...	2000	10982456
structure-phytotoxicity relationship: comparative inhibition of selected nitrogen-containing aromatics to root elongation of cucumis sativus.		2000	10960133
expression of a heterologous expansin in transgenic tomato plants.	expansins are cell wall proteins thought to play an important role in growth and other events involving cell wall modifications. whereas the expression patterns of many isoforms have been characterised, the nature of their activity is still poorly understood. large amounts of active expansins are necessary to undertake biochemical studies and identify their substrates. we report here the successful expression of a recombinant expansin [csexp1, isolated from cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) hypocoty ...	2000	11030558
control of gravimorphogenesis by auxin: accumulation pattern of cs-iaa1 mrna in cucumber seedlings grown in space and on the ground.	cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings grown in microgravity developed a peg on each side of the transition zone between hypocotyl and root, whereas seedlings grown in a horizontal position on the ground developed a peg on the concave side of the gravitropically bending transition zone. the morphological features of the space-grown seedlings were similar to those of seedlings grown in a vertical position on the ground with their radicles pointing down: both became two-pegged seedlings. morphoge ...	2000	11030548