Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| specificities of monoclonal antibodies against the activated delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis. | eight hybrid cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies directed against the activated delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis were grown in balb/c mice. ascites fluids were collected, and the antibodies were purified by antigen-affinity chromatography. the specificity of each monoclonal antibody for the toxin and protoxin was established by the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. all the antibodies consisted of gamma 1 heavy and kappa light chains. they were reactiv ... | 1983 | 6840855 |
| larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, serovar h14 in aedes aegypti: histopathological studies. | 1983 | 6841993 | |
| [action on flea imagoes of bacterial preparations of the thuringiensis-group and their fillers]. | 1983 | 6843497 | |
| [effect of the larval density of aedes aegypti mosquitoes on their mortality as affected by bacillus thuringiensis berl. preparations]. | 1983 | 6843501 | |
| field trial of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 (vcrc b-17) against culex and anopheles larvae. | 1983 | 6862558 | |
| [action of crystals of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on the midgut of aedes aegypti l. larvae, studied by electron microscopy]. | ingestion of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals by aedes aegypti larvae is followed by midgut epithelium disruption. earliest ultrastructural changes consist of an enlargement of intra- and intercellular spaces in the basal region of the cell. endoplasmic reticula disintegrate by forming spherical structures which increase in size during intoxication. mitochondria are transformed at first into a condensed form, then become swollen with the disappearance of internal cristae. in the ... | 1983 | 6870088 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals to aedes aegypti larvae: carbonate reversal. | the toxicity of purified bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals to larvae of aedes aegypti could be reversed 100-fold by levels of k(2)co(3) as low as 0.15%. | 1983 | 6870244 |
| bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis crystal delta-endotoxin: effects on insect and mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. | bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis parasporal crystal delta-endotoxin was purified by ultracentrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose gradient. native delta-endotoxin crystals showed no detectable toxicity in the vitro and in vivo systems that are described. by contrast alkali-solubilized crystal delta-endotoxin caused rapid cytological and cytopathological changes in aedes albopictus, choristoneura fumiferana 63 cf1, spodoptera frugiperda and trichoplusia ni cell lines as observed by phase-c ... | 1983 | 6874728 |
| [qualitative information processing in studying biological systems]. | 1983 | 6880401 | |
| complete purification of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from a strain of bacillus thuringiensis. | a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c was purified from the culture broth of bacillus thuringiensis iam 12077 to a homogeneous state as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the specific activity of the purified enzyme was 559 units/mg and recovery of the enzyme activity was 31%. molecular and physiological properties of the purified enzyme, including molecular weight (22,000), isoelectric point (pi = 4.9) and its ectoenzyme-releasing activity, were studied in comparison with ... | 1983 | 6885748 |
| some considerations on the safety evaluation of nonviral microbial pesticides. | the tactics and rationale of maximum challenge safety tests for nonviral microbial pesticides have been reviewed. maximum challenge tests and a tier approach to data collection for regulatory purposes offer the best opportunities to detect the acute effects of entomopathogenic organisms in mammals. premature condemnation of promising organisms that are based on incomplete results of maximum challenge tests must be avoided. further investigations should be conducted on the role of mammalian immun ... | 1983 | 6601535 |
| introduction to a standardized method for the evaluation of the potency of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 based products. | vector resistance and other constraints have necessitated consideration of the use of alternative materials and methods in an integrated approach to vector control. bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 is a promising biological control agent which acts as a conventional larvicide through its delta-endotoxin (active ingredient) and which now has to be suitably formulated for application in vector breeding habitats. the active ingredient in the formulations has so far not been chemically character ... | 1983 | 6601545 |
| a small scale field trial with bacillus thuringiensis against culicine mosquitoes, kelang, malaysia. | bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (bti) against culicine mosquitoes was tried out in cement sullage drains in kelang municipal area at a dosage of 0.15 ppm. and 0.6 ppm. the results of the trial showed that at 0.15 ppm. the bti was not effective, but at 0.6 ppm. it was effective giving about 95% kill. there was no residual effect and treatment had to be repeated weekly. | 1983 | 6612413 |
| ocular infection caused by a biological insecticide. | 1983 | 6619584 | |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to adult aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | adult female aedes aegypti mosquitoes were killed by the parasporal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (onr-60a) when the crystals were introduced into the insect midgut as an enema. the 50% lethal dose for intact parasporal crystals was 0.21 microgram/mg of mosquito (wet weight), and for solubilized crystals the 50% lethal dose was 0.04 microgram/mg. these values were compared with 50% lethal concentrations in a free-feeding larval mosquito bioassay of 0.018 and 1.28 microgra ... | 1983 | 6625566 |
| [action of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on cultured cells from aedes aegypti l]. | the effects of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis delta-endotoxin were investigated on a cell culture of aedes aegypti with the electron microscope. the ultrastructural changes following intoxication were: disintegration of endoplasmic reticula by the formation of spherical structures; condensation and then swelling of mitochondria with disappearance of internal cristae; frequent dilatation of the perinuclear space; cellular lysis. the action of a metabolic inhibitor, 2,6-dibromophenol (2,6 ... | 1983 | 6638755 |
| [synthetic medium for cultivating bacillus thuringiensis]. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 69/6 was cultivated in a synthetic medium containing 5 amino acids and nicotinic acid. the dynamics of the culture growth and amino acid assimilation were studied in this medium and in a medium containing yeast extract. the phase of spore germination increased, the yield decreased and the maximal growth rate became higher when the culture grew in the synthetic medium. the percentage of thermoresistant spores was slightly lower in the synthetic medium compa ... | 1983 | 6645997 |
| [estimation of the spectrum of the aerial dispersion of bacillus thuringiensis]. | the present paper estimates the number of viable spores of bacillus thuringiensis per droplet and reveals the importance of this data to improve b. thuringiensis treatments. for a given diameter, droplets from futura formula contained two times more spores than droplets from the formulas used to date. it is preferable to have b. thuringiensis droplets larger than those of chemical insecticides. a grumman agcat aircraft calibrated to give the desired larger droplets resulted in successful b. thur ... | 1983 | 6661697 |
| [effect of temperature and aeration on bacillus thuringiensis growth and sporulation]. | the growth of bacillus thuringiensis was studied as a function of temperature and aeration. the vegetative growth, the yield of viable spores and their thermoresistance did not depend, for all practical purposes, on the rate of aeration within the range of 25 to 60 mg o2 per litre per minute. a rise of temperature from 20 to 35 degrees c doubled the titre of spores and increased their thermoresistance. when the temperature of cultivation was increased to 40 degrees c, the process of spore format ... | 1983 | 6664310 |
| utilization of fodder yeast and agro-industrial by-products in production of spores and biologically - active endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | a number of newly-devised fermentation media were evaluated with respect to their ability to support sporulation and biosynthesis of endotoxins by strains of bacillus thuringiensis that are biologically active against spodoptera littoralis, heliothis armigera, and spodoptera exigua. fodder yeast from dried cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae could be used as a complete mono-component medium for production of highly active spore-delta-endotoxin complexes from b. thur., vars. entomocidus, kurstaki a ... | 1983 | 6666415 |
| [the effects of bacillus thuringiensis on the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera: galleriidae)]. | the effects of bacillus thuringiensis preparation on the greater wax moth population have been investigated under laboratory conditions. b. thuringiensis isolated from commercial insecticidal formulations such as dipelr (abbott lab. usa), tribactur btb wp (fabrick von chemische production, holland), bactospein (laboratoire roger, france). the effective strain was used in this experiment. the applied concentrations of bacillus on the greater wax moth larvae are 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 gram, ... | 1983 | 6669083 |
| small scale field trials with bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis h-14 strain against larvae of anopheline and culicine mosquitoes. | 1983 | 6674325 | |
| [pathogenesis of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in killing larva of mosquitoes and its application]. | 1983 | 6675863 | |
| [studies on the prolongation of mosquito larvicidal effect of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis]. | 1983 | 6675981 | |
| [experiments with bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts. i. isolation of protoplasts and their reversion to bacillary form]. | a method for protoplastization of crystal- and spore-forming bacillus thuringiensis bacterian and consequent cell wall regeneration on a solid hypertonic medium is presented. up to 50% of the protoplasts prepared were viable and formed colonies under special conditions; at the same time, less than 0,01% of the cells treated with lysozyme were resistant to the osmotic shock; bacterial autolytic system takes part in protoplasts formation. electron microscopic studies of protoplasts and cells confi ... | 1983 | 6683209 |
| sampling culex tarsalis (diptera: culicidae) immatures on rice fields treated with combinations of mosquitofish and bacillus thuringiensis h-14 toxin. | 1983 | 6687471 | |
| potassium ion transport atpase in insect epithelia. | k+ transport by the epithelia of midgut, salivary glands, malpighian tubules, sensory sensilla, possibly rectum, and other organs of certain insects appears to use a unique k+ atpase. ouabain inhibition of transport-related events has not been demonstrated in these epithelia. the k+ pump is unlike the na-k;ump but resembles the h;ump of phosphorylating membranes in its transport orientation, efficient thermodynamics, speculated two k+ per one mgatp2- stoichiometry, electrogenicity, and structure ... | 1983 | 6317792 |
| [transduction of strains of bacillus thuringiensis serotype xiv]. | 1983 | 6578914 | |
| chromosomal mapping of bacillus thuringiensis by transduction. | three groups of linked markers were mapped in bacillus thuringiensis 4042b by using two-, three-, and four-factor crosses mediated by the temperate bacteriophages tp-13 and tp-18. the order of markers was (trp-11, trp-2)-(leu-1, leu-2)-his-1-(lys-1, lys-2)-cys-1 in the first group; met-1-(argcl, argol)-met-2-(pyr-1, pyra2) in the second group; and met-3-pur-1-(nal-1, nal-2)-str-1-(pur-2, pur-4)-pur-3 in the third group. electron microscopic measurements of head sizes suggested that the volume of ... | 1984 | 6583200 |
| specificity of cultured insect tissue cells for bioassay of entomocidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis. | cultured tissue cells from lepidopteran and dipteran sources displayed an order-specific response to entomocidal protein from crystals of bacillus thuringiensis. protein isolated from crystals of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was effective against cells of the spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) and the tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta), but was inactive against both mosquito cell lines tested (aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae). conversely, protein from inclusion bodies of b. thuringi ... | 1984 | 6321329 |
| [site-specific restriction endonuclease from a strain of bacillus thuringiensis]. | 1984 | 6323119 | |
| bioassay of solubilized bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals by attachment to latex beads. | solubilized crystals of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis were 7000 times less toxic to aedes aegypti larvae than intact crystals, presumably because mosquito larvae are filter feeders and selectively concentrate particles while excluding water and soluble molecules. a procedure is described whereby soluble toxins are adsorbed to 0.8-micrometer latex beads, with retention of toxicity. the latex bead assay should make it possible to analyze the structure and mode of action of the mosquito t ... | 1984 | 6701520 |
| [optimization of a synthetic nutrient medium for culturing bacillus thuringiensis]. | the requirement of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 69/6 for amino acids and vitamins was studied. the composition of a synthetic nutrient medium was optimized. alanine and nicotinic acid were found to be necessary for growth while other amino acids (aspartic and glutamic acids, histidine, threonine) were not indispensable although they increased the population density (yield). a deficiency as well as an excess of individual amino acids (threonine and glutamic acid) inhibited growth and d ... | 1984 | 6708844 |
| a large transmissible plasmid is required for crystal toxin production in bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti), serotype 14, which produces parasporal crystals toxic to certain dipteran larvae, was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and found to contain a complex plasmid array. eight plasmids were detected, with approximate sizes of 3.3, 4.2, 4.9, 10.6, 68, 75, 105, and 135 mda, as well as a plasmidlike linear dna element of approximately 10 mda. partially cured mutants of bti implicated the 75-mda plasmid in crystal production. fifteen independently iso ... | 1984 | 6709732 |
| [field trials of bac. thuringiensis berl. preparations on the larvae of anopheles atroparvus thiel. and culex modestus fic. mosquitoes. 2]. | 1984 | 6717381 | |
| regulation of protoxin synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis. | a derivative of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (hd-1) formed parasporal inclusions at 25 degrees c, but not at 32 degrees c. this strain differed from the parent only in the loss of a 110-megadalton (md) plasmid, but plasmid and chromosomal copies of protoxin genes were present in both strains. on the basis of temperature shift experiments, the sensitive period appeared to be during midexponential growth, long before the time of protoxin synthesis at 3 to 4 h after the end of exponential ... | 1984 | 6725205 |
| laboratory and field evaluations of industrial formulations of bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis against some mosquito species of central italy. | 1984 | 6725977 | |
| [efficacy of bactoculicide in controlling the larvae of malaria mosquitoes]. | 1984 | 6730348 | |
| [sporulation and crystal formation in bacillus thuringiensis during growth limitation via nutrient sources]. | the object of the work was to study the effect of limiting concentrations of glucose, yeast extract, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium on the growth, spore formation and crystal formation in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae. the deficiency of the above components was shown to interfere in no way with the processes of spore and crystal formation. however, the type of limiting substrate influenced the character of spore formation, the duration of different phases in the culture growth, th ... | 1984 | 6738387 |
| larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the dipteran haematobia irritans. | a strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was found to be larvicidal to horn flies, haematobia irritans (l. [diptera:muscidae]). the toxic activity was particulate, appeared during sporulation, and could be prevented by the addition of streptomycin before sporulation. density gradient centrifugation in renografin was used to separate endospores, crystals, and low-density particulate matter (fraction 3) from sporulated preparations. larvicidal activity was restricted to purified cryst ... | 1984 | 6742837 |
| effect of formulation, concentration, and application time on the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) against black fly (diptera: simuliidae) larvae under natural conditions. | 1984 | 6747082 | |
| [variability of bacillus thuringiensis under various growth conditions]. | when a lysogenic culture of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 69-6 was grown under the batch conditions, 93-99% of cells in the population produced r-form colonies and ca. 1% yielded s-form colonies. the amount of spore-forming cells was 99% in r-variants and 8% in s-variants. the quantity of s-variants rose abruptly to 99% when the culture was grown under the chemostat conditions. the number of s-variants increased with the rate and the duration of growth. the process was influenced by gr ... | 1984 | 6748973 |
| [ultrastructure of the bacterial spores and crystals of various bacillus thuringiensis serotypes]. | spores and crystals of various bacillus thuringiensis serotypes were studied by electron microscopy. the serotypes were shown to differ in the fine structure of the exosporium and crystals. the packing parameters of morphological subunits were determined by analysing electron photomicrographs by the technique of optical diffraction and filtration. some of the strains are characterised by hypersynthesis of surface spore structures. the individual morphological properties of crystals can be used f ... | 1984 | 6748975 |
| characterization of inhibitor a, a protease from bacillus thuringiensis which degrades attacins and cecropins, two classes of antibacterial proteins in insects. | the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis produces an exoprotease, inhibitor a, at the beginning of the stationary growth phase. in vitro, the enzyme selectively destroys cecropins and attacins, two antibacterial proteins found in immune hemolymph from hyalophora cecropia. the specificity of this enzyme was investigated using cecropin a(1-33) and hplc for separation and characterization of the fragments obtained. a maximum of 12 different peptides were produced and their positions in the known ... | 1984 | 6421577 |
| interspecies transduction of plasmids among bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis. | bacteriophage cp-51, a generalized transducing phage for bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis, mediates transduction of plasmid dna. b. cereus gp7 harbors the 2.8-megadalton multicopy tetracycline resistance plasmid, pbc16. b. thuringiensis 4d11a carries pc194, the 1.8-megadalton multicopy chloramphenicol resistance plasmid. when phage cp-51 was propagated on these strains, it transferred the plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistances to the nonvirulent weybridge (sterne) strain of b. ... | 1984 | 6421798 |
| [regulation of exoprotease synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis]. | 1984 | 6425380 | |
| entomopathogenic spore-formers from soil samples of mosquito habitats in northern nigeria. | spore-forming bacteria, isolated from bottom soil samples of periodical mosquito-breeding places in kaduna, n. nigeria, were tested for mosquito pathogenicity. culex pipiens autogenicus was used for this screening. five strains, all of the bacillus thuringiensis group, were active in 85 isolates from 32 samples. the isolates were from three different serotypes (h-14, h-5a5c, and h-8a8b). the activity, compared with the sip standard, was in the known limits of b. thuringiensis israelensis. | 1984 | 6426190 |
| the inactivation of glucosamine synthetase from bacteria by anticapsin, the c-terminal epoxyamino acid of the antibiotic tetaine. | incubation of anticapsin with the purified glucosamine synthetase (2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase, amino transferring, ec 5.3.1.19) from escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, arthrobacter aurescens and bacillus thuringiensis led to the formation of an inactive enzyme irreversibly modified. the inactivation reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. the rate of the inactivation reaction at various concentrations of anticapsin exhibited saturation kinetics, implying ... | 1984 | 6426523 |
| glycosidase activities of bacillus anthracis. | bacillus anthracis could be distinguished from the taxonomically related species b. cereus, b. mycoides, and b. thuringiensis by a comparison of glycosidase activities. all the bacilli tested possessed alpha-glucosidase activity, as evidenced by the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-glucoside. in b. anthracis, the glucosidase activity could be enhanced by the addition of agents which damage cellular surface structures. treatment of b. anthracis strains with toluene. triton x-100, or mutanolysi ... | 1984 | 6429187 |
| inhibition of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase from bacteria by anticapsin. | on the basis of kinetic studies on glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase (ec 5.3.1.19) from six bacteria sources it has been shown that the epoxyamino acid anticapsin, a glutamine analog, is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme in regard to glutamine with km value of 10(-4) m and ki varying from 10(-7) to 10(-6) m. unlike other glutamine analogs like 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine, chloropentanoic acid, l-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid or albizziin, anticapsin is not generall ... | 1984 | 6430854 |
| [antibacterial and genotoxic properties of 33 mycotoxins]. | most of the 33 fungal metabolites tested provoke: bacterial growth inhibition of bacillus thuringiensis similar to lethal effect of antibiotics. positive response in the 'rec' assay using strains of bacillus subtilis; this fact shows that these toxins are dna modifying agents. enlargement of cell volume in the first bacteria species; this cell-abnormality induction resembles those obtained with mitomycin c. correlation between elongation of cells (filamentation) and in vivo carcinogenicity of my ... | 1984 | 6436709 |
| an improved enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection and quantification of the entomocidal parasporal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and israelensis. | an improved and simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection and quantification of parasporal crystalline toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. the improved procedure involved pretreatment of the polystyrene cuvettes with glutaraldehyde before antibody coating. a direct comparison of treated and untreated cuvettes is provided. elisas were then used for the analysis of the entomocidal crystalline proteins in commercial and experimental formula ... | 1984 | 6442289 |
| biochemical genetics of the bacterial insect-control agent bacillus thuringiensis: basic principles and prospects for genetic engineering. | 1984 | 6443645 | |
| [analysis of the changes in the electrophysical and morphometric parameters in the growth and sporulation periods of bacillus thuringiensis]. | changes in the electrophysical and morphometrical parameters of bacillus thuringiensis cells were studied during their growth and differentiation using the electrophysical procedure with the frequency of an alternating electric field varying within a wide range. the appearing variations were interpreted on the basis of the data about changes in the concentration of vegetative cells and spores, the optical density and ph of the cultural broth, and the assimilation of glucose by the culture. the c ... | 1984 | 6379383 |
| [insecticidal endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis--recent progress in the molecular biology and the future development]. | 1984 | 6385143 | |
| [molecular genetic studies of the dna promotor regions in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 69-6. i. structural and functional analysis]. | three recombinant plasmids ppbt9, ppbt10 and ppbt74 carrying promoter-containing regions of dna of bacillus thuringiensis which are responsible for the expression of the promoterless tet gene, were studied. in the in vitro experiments, it had been shown that these promoter-active hindiii fragments of bacillar dna contained rna polymerase binding sites. the alui subfragments that specifically bind to escherichia coli rna polymerase promote the tet gene expression, similar to the whole hindiii fra ... | 1984 | 6389259 |
| bioinsecticides: i. bacillus thuringiensis. | 1984 | 6399844 | |
| [comparative action of solubilized crystals of h-14 and h-1 serotypes of bacillus thuringiensis on cultures of aedes aegypti cells]. | crystals isolated from bacillus thuringiensis serovar thuringiensis (h-1) and from serovar israelensis (h-14) were dissolved in sodium hydroxide, then tested in vitro on aedes aegypti cell cultures. toxic action was followed after morphological and metabolic alterations of the treated cells. only the israelensis sodium extract was toxic and gave cellular swelling, inhibition of cell growth and inhibition of labelled precursor incorporation, i. e. of 3h-thymidine, 3h-uridine and 3h-leucine. | 1984 | 6465742 |
| laboratory and field trials with two bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis products for simulium(diptera: nematocera) control in a small polluted river in south africa. | the effects on simulium adersi and s. hargreavesi larvae of 2 bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis products, the liquid formulation "teknar" (sandoz) and a powder formulation produced by the ben gurion university, israel, were compared in the laboratory and in the pienaars river. this river was heavily polluted with effluent from a nearby sewage works and contained 77 mg/l chloride. in the laboratory s. adersi and s. hargreavesi larvae showed 26; 48; 95 and 100% mortality 6 hours after a 10-m ... | 1984 | 6493728 |
| acetylcholinesterase release from mammalian erythrocytes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis and characterization of the released enzyme. | the mode of acetylcholinesterase release from mammalian erythrocyte membranes by the action of phosphatidylinositol(pi)-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis was studied. as regards intact erythrocytes, a larger amount of acetylcholinesterase was released from sheep or bovine erythrocytes than from horse erythrocytes. from horse erythrocyte ghosts, acetylcholinesterase was more easily released than from intact cells. bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase released by pi-specific ph ... | 1984 | 6501251 |
| purification of the toxic protein from bacillus thuringiensis serotype 10 isolate demonstrating a preferential larvicidal activity to the mosquito. | 1984 | 6501918 | |
| war against mosquito. | 1984 | 6503802 | |
| lectin grouping of bacillus thuringiensis serovars. | twelve lectins, 11 of plant and 1 of animal origin, were tested against the 28 serovars of bacillus thuringiensis to study their agglutinating specificities. except for the sialic specific lectin from limulus polyphemus, tube agglutination assays were performed using lectin concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 micrograms against 0.2 ml of 10(9) cells/ml in a final volume of 1.0 ml. the agglutination studies with the limulus lectin were performed using 10 and 50 micrograms of lectin. tubes were incu ... | 1984 | 6509391 |
| introduction of plasmid pc194 into bacillus thuringiensis by protoplast transformation and plasmid transfer. | the staphylococcus aureus plasmid pc194 which codes for resistance to chloramphenicol was introduced into six bacillus thuringiensis strains representing five varieties by protoplast transformation. six other varieties could not be transformed. pc194 could be identified in transformed strains as autonomous plasmid. the transformed clones contained in addition a new extrachromosomal element of somewhat lower electrophoretic mobility hybridizing with pc194, and pc194 in multimeric forms. pc194 was ... | 1984 | 6517655 |
| impact of storage period & temperature on the larvicidal activity of bacterial pesticide formulations. | 1984 | 6519722 | |
| laboratory studies on the susceptibility of blattella germanica and periplaneta americana to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | 1984 | 6523178 | |
| evaluation of bacillus sphaericus & b. thuringiensis h-14 for mosquito control in rice fields. | 1984 | 6532966 | |
| the response of vaal river drift and benthos to simulium (diptera: nematocera) control using bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (h-14). | two trials to test the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis berliner var. israelensis de barjac (serotype h-14) against target simuliid and non-target aquatic invertebrates were undertaken in the vaal river near warrenton in south africa. in the 1st trail an application of 1,6 ppm/10 min of b. thuringiensis resulted in a significant (p less than 0,05) reduction of simuliid larvae in rapids 70 m below the treatment point 40 hours after its application. further downstream the larvicide was ineffectu ... | 1984 | 6533506 |
| [intervariant transduction in bacillus thuringiensis]. | this report deals with intervariant transduction in strains of bacillus thuringiensis subsp, dendrolimus and galleriae with bacteriophage tg13. this bacteriophage has a broad host range and is of a large dna molecular mass (40.3 md). transducing properties of this bacteriophage were studied in bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae using auxotrophic mutants requiring purine and pyrimidine bases or tryptophan as recipients. the frequency of transduction was 10(-5)-10(-6). in order to prove the pos ... | 1984 | 6538158 |
| [bacteriocinogenic plasmids of bacillus thuringiensis]. | when strains of bacillus thuringiensis v. morrisoni or v. darmstadiensis were plated on solid medium, the appearance of oligosporogenic (ospo) mutants and bacteriocin non-producing clones (thc-) was observed. the comparative analysis of the plasmid content of original and mutant strains revealed that the appearance of ospo and thc- phenotypes correlated with the loss of certain plasmids. | 1984 | 6540726 |
| medium for the production of primary powder of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | five media, formulated from the seeds of five legume varieties, dried cow blood, and mineral salts, were assessed for the growth and production of insecticidal properties of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. bacterial powders prepared from the broth cultures were assayed against the larvae of aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, and anopheles gambiae. a standard primary powder of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (ips78) was included in the assay for comparison. good growth was obta ... | 1984 | 6144290 |
| laboratory trials with bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 in controlling mosquito larvae. | 1984 | 6145746 | |
| [use of the 14th serotype of bacillus thuringiensis berl. against the larvae of blood-sucking mosquitoes]. | 1984 | 6146922 | |
| [characteristics of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and its effect on mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae)]. | 1984 | 6149708 | |
| oral toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to adult mosquitoes. | the solubilized entomotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis killed adult male and female mosquitoes of several genera and of various physiological states when it was administered orally. adult mosquito mortality was further influenced when the preparation was contained in sucrose solution. the potential implication for the control of adult mosquitoes is discussed. | 1984 | 6149725 |
| field efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 formulations against mosquito larvae in casuarina & coconut garden pits. | 1984 | 6151548 | |
| [the initial activity and persistance of an experimental larvicide with a base of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and a commercial preparation containing the organophosphorus insecticide temephos]. | the larvicide activity of the experimental preparation san 402 i wdc containing b. thuringiensis var. israelensis and that of abate 500 e (44 % temephos) were tested on the larvae of aedes aegypti. the studies were performed on the following media: distilled water, pure and buffered at ph 9, 7 and 4 and pond water whether or not free from materials in suspension. the activity of both preparations is not influenced by the composition of the media, exception made for the presence of materials in s ... | 1984 | 6208235 |
| bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis: protoxin activation and safety. | 1984 | 6142364 | |
| cloning and expression in escherichia coli of the insecticidal delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | recombinant plasmids containing the mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin gene were constructed by inserting hindiii fragments of the bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis 72-75 md plasmid in to the escherichia coli vector puc12. two recombinants producing the 26 000 da delta-endotoxin (pip173 and pip174) were identified by screening clones in an e. coli in vitro transcription-translation system. both recombinants were 12.4 kb chimaeric plasmids comprising puc12 and a common 9.7 kb hindiii fragment of ... | 1984 | 6090216 |
| inverted repeat sequences flank a bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene. | two sets of inverted repeat dna sequences, ir2150 and ir1750, were discovered flanking the crystal protein gene on the 75-kilobase plasmid of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd73. a restriction map of ca. 40 kilobases around the crystal protein gene was constructed, and the positions of the copies of ir2150 and ir1750 were determined. three copies of ir2150 were found flanking the crystal protein gene in an inverted orientation, and one partial and three intact copies of ir1750 were found ... | 1984 | 6090438 |
| [molecular genetic studies of the dna promotor regions in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 69-6. ii. increased level of gene expression resulting from is1 element integration]. | the 1.45 kb promoter containing hindiii fragment of bacillus thuringiensis dna promotes the expression of the tet gene of recombinant ppbt9 plasmid in escherichia coli cells. spontaneous mutants of this plasmid were isolated and analysed. they are responsible for an increase in the level of tetracycline resistance. this 3-fold increase resulted from integration of is1 element into the bacillar promoter containing hindiii fragment, which led to formation of a mutant ppbt9::is1 plasmid. the is seq ... | 1984 | 6094308 |
| release of alkaline phosphodiesterase i from rat kidney plasma membrane produced by the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis. | the release of plasma-membrane-bound enzymes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c obtained from bacillus thuringiensis was investigated. among the ectoenzymes of plasma membrane tested, alkaline phosphodiesterase i was released markedly from rat kidney cortex slices, in addition to alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase. other membrane-bound enzymes; alanine aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase iv, esterase and g ... | 1984 | 6096028 |
| a transposon-like structure related to the delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis. | a dna segment (th-sequence) has been found in several strains of bacillus thuringiensis. this th-sequence [3 megadaltons (md)] induces adjacent deletions when it is located in the pam beta 1 plasmid derived from streptococcus faecalis. electron microscopic examination of reannealed single strands of one plasmid (pmt9) carrying such a deletion revealed that the th-sequence corresponds to a single-stranded loop (2.8 md) bounded by a short double-stranded stem (less than 0.2 md). southern blotting ... | 1984 | 6096131 |
| lectin-like binding of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki lepidopteran-specific toxin is an initial step in insecticidal action. | the two delta-endotoxins comprising the bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd1 insecticidal protein crystal were separated. the lepidopteran-specific protoxin was activated in vitro and its mechanism of action investigated. toxicity towards choristoneura fumiferana cf1 cells was specifically inhibited by preincubation of the toxin with n-acetylgalactosamine and n-acetylneuraminic acid. the lectins soybean agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin, which bind n-acetylgalactosamine, also inhibited to ... | 1984 | 17621695 |
| insect resistance to the biological insecticide bacillus thuringiensis. | resistance to the spore-crystal protein complex of bacillus thuringiensis, the most widely used and intensively studied microbial insecticide, has been presumed to be unlikely to occur. in this study it was found that plodia interpunctella, a major lepidopteran pest of stored grain products, can develop resistance to the insecticide within a few generations. resistance increased nearly 30-fold in two generations in a strain reared on diet treated with bacillus thuringiensis and after 15 generati ... | 1985 | 17746291 |
| only part of the protoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. berliner 1715 is necessary for insecticidal activity. | [this corrects the article on p. 708 in vol. 49.]. | 1985 | 16346828 |
| composition and toxicity of the inclusion of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the multisegmented ovoidal inclusion of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was found to be composed of two structurally and biochemically distinct components. electron microscopy of the inclusion revealed it to be composed mainly of osmiophobic or lightly stained segments crystallized in a lattice showing a repeat of approximately 4.3 nm. these light segments of the inclusions were shared by osmiophylic darkly stained segments with a crystal lattice repeat of approximately 7.8 nm. the lig ... | 1985 | 16346842 |
| cloning and expression of an insecticidal k-73 type crystal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki into escherichia coli. | a 75-kilobase plasmid from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (hd-244) was associated with the k-73 type insecticidal crystal protein production by mating into b. cereus and subsequent curing of excess plasmids. this plasmid was partially digested with endonuclease r . sau3a and the fragments were cloned into escherichia coli (hb101) on vector pbr322. candidate clones were screened for plasmid vectors which contained the expected insert size (at least 3 kilobases) and then with an enzyme-linke ... | 1985 | 16346882 |
| survival of bacillus thuringiensis spores in soil. | bacillus thuringiensis spores and parasporal crystals were incubated in natural soil, both in the laboratory and in nature. during the first 2 weeks, the spore count decreased by approximately 1 log. thereafter, the number of spore cfu remained constant for at least 8 months. b. thuringiensis did not lose its ability to make the parasporal crystals during its residence in soil. spore survival was similar for a commercial spore-crystal preparation (the insecticide) and for laboratory-grown spores ... | 1985 | 16346949 |
| [biological control of culicidae and simuliidae: bacterial insecticides]. | 1985 | 3031748 | |
| [open solid plate medium cultured bacillus thuringiensis and its mosquitocidal effect in field application]. | 1985 | 3837708 | |
| [effect of the pc194 plasmid on the development of bacillus thuringiensis phages]. | bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae strains were transformed by plasmid pc194, coding for chloramphenicol resistance (cmr). efficiency of plating and the yields of bacteriophages tg13 and tg27 maturating in cmr transformant cells were decreased for 2-3 orders as compared with the ones in parental strains. the cmr transformants are characterized by the increased level of spontaneous induction of bacteriophage tg22. | 1985 | 3842748 |
| [characteristics of bacillus thuringiensis phages with circular permutation in the dna molecule]. | bacteriophages tm2 and tg27 of different origins but identical in biological properties have been compared. physicochemical characteristics of bacteriophages have revealed the existence of end repeats and circular permutation of phage dna. phages tm2 and tg27 share the same dimensions of incapsulated dna, differing in the sizes of phage genome and end repeats. bacteriophage tm2 genome is 45.2 kb. long with the end repeats containing 5.7%. the genome of tg27 is 42.53 kb and 11.8% of end repeat. t ... | 1985 | 3842750 |
| efficacy of granular formulations of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) for the control of anopheles larvae in rice fields. | three granular formulations of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) were applied to dense stands of maturing and mature rice for control of anopheles crucians and an. quadrimaculatus. aerial applications of the vectobac granule (200 itu/mg) at 5.6, 11.2 and 22.4 kg/ha to 0.4 ha plots resulted in 92, 94 and 96% reduction 48 hr after application, respectively, in populations predominantly consisting of late instars. the bactimos granule (175 itu/mg) was applied by aircraft to 0.4 ha plots and by a cyclon ... | 1985 | 3880212 |
| efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) for larval aedes mosquito control in intermountain meadows in wyoming. | one square meter field enclosures made of steel flashing, and natural ponds were used to determine the efficacy of bactimos formulations of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) for control of late instar aedes dorsalis, ae. fitchii and ae. melanimon mosquito larvae in intermountain meadows. low temperatures caused decreased efficacy of the formulations tested in the laboratory, and spring temperature extremes lowered efficacy in field tests. adequate control of fourth instar larvae was obtained in fiel ... | 1985 | 3880213 |
| a chironomid (diptera: chironomidae) midge population study and laboratory evaluation of larvicides against midges inhabiting the lagoon of venice, italy. | chironomid larval densities in the saltwater lagoon of venice, italy, were assessed in the spring of 1984. four organophosphates; chlorpyrifos, temephos, fenthion and fenitrothion, and three pyrethroids; cypermethrin, permethrin and deltamethrin, were tested in the laboratory against field-collected larvae. three industrial formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) were also tested as midge larvicides. only chironomus salinarius occurred in the benthic samples taken from d ... | 1985 | 3880214 |
| control of snow pool mosquitoes with bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 in mountain environments in california and oregon. | studies were conducted in mountainous areas of california and oregon to test the effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 in controlling larvae of snow pool aedes mosquitoes, and also the effect of such larval control on the density of adult mosquitoes. california and oregon studies showed that a wettable powder formulation of b.t.i. was effective in controlling mosquito larvae. in oregon, treatment was effective even at water temperatures as low as 5 degrees c. sampling of adult mo ... | 1985 | 3880215 |
| solubilized crystal of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis: effect on adult house flies, stable flies (diptera: muscidae), and green lacewings (neuroptera: chrysopidae). | 1985 | 3880220 | |
| evaluation of beecomist-applied bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) against anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae in rice fields. | the beecomist spray head was evaluated for aerial application of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype h-14; bti) at various ultra low volume (ulv) rates against natural populations of anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae in rice fields. deposits on kromekote cards indicated that 0.54 liter/ha of neat bti penetrated the dense canopy of the rice field. mean number of droplets 65 cm below canopy level was 4.9 +/- 5.0/100 cm2. at 1 day posttreatment, applications of 0.54, 0.27, 0.11, 0.07 a ... | 1985 | 3880248 |
| efficacy of flowable concentrate formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against black flies (diptera:simuliidae). | seven flowable concentrate formulations of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14), teknar wdc, auto-dispersible teknar, teknar 2x aqueous concentrate, teknar 2x oil base concentrate, vectobac as, bactimos fc and skeetal f, were evaluated in small streams against simulium vittatum. there was no significant difference in efficacy among the formulations with the exception of the teknar 2x aqueous concentrate, which required considerably less formulation (5 mg/liter/1 min) than the others to produce 95% mort ... | 1985 | 3880264 |