Publications

penicillin therapy of experimental endocarditis induced by tolerant streptococcus sanguis and nontolerant streptococcus mitis.	the response of tolerant streptococcus sanguis and nontolerant streptococcus mitis infections to penicillin therapy was compared in the rabbit model of endocarditis. the minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of penicillin were 0.1 and 0.1 mug/ml, respectively, for s. mitis and 0.05 and 6.2 mug/ml, respectively, for s. sanguis. time-kill studies done in vitro with penicillin concentrations of 2 and 20 mug/ml demonstrated minimal killing of the tolerant strain, with a 3 log difference ...	1983	6830210
production, purification, and properties of a bacteriocin from staphylococcus aureus isolated from saliva.	staphylococci from samples of human saliva were isolated on staphylococcal-selective agar plates. these strains were tested for the inhibition of the growth of staphylococcus aureus fda209p. the frequency of inhibitory strains among all of the staphylococcal isolates was 5.2%. strain iys2, which formed the biggest inhibitory zone against the growth of the indicator strain, was used as the producer of bacteriocin. iys2 was identified to be s. aureus, based on its biological properties. the bacter ...	1983	6832811
hydrophobicity and adherence of oral streptococci after repeated subculture in vitro.	fresh isolates of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, and streptococcus salivarius from human dental plaque were all highly hydrophobic. after repeated subculture in vitro on blood agar, strains of s. mutans serotype c showed decreased hydrophobicity, whereas serotype d/g strains did not. parallel to the decreased hydrophobicity in the serotype c strains, an impaired ability to adhere to hydroxyapatite was observed. a similar but less pronounced decrease in hydrophobicity in one s. sang ...	1983	6832836
hydrogen peroxide excretion by oral streptococci and effect of lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide.	approved type strains of streptococcus sanguis, s. mitis, s. mutans, and s. salivarius were grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. the rate of hydrogen peroxide excretion, oxygen uptake, and acid production from glucose by washed-cell suspensions of these strains were studied, and the levels of enzymes in cell-free extracts which reduced oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, or hypothiocyanite (oscn-) in the presence of nadh or nadph were assayed. the effects of lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen ...	1983	6832837
successful single-dose amoxicillin prophylaxis against experimental streptococcal endocarditis: evidence for two mechanisms of protection.	amoxicillin prophylaxis against experimental endocarditis due to one nontolerant and two tolerant strains of streptococci was studied in rats. single-dose amoxicillin protected against the two tolerant strains in animals challenged with the 90% infective dose (id90), but protection diminished with increasing inoculum sizes. protection against the nontolerant strain was successful with inocula that were 100- and 1,000-fold larger than the id90. close correlation existed between the speed of bacte ...	1983	6833800
therapeutic significance of penicillin tolerance in experimental streptococcal endocarditis.	tolerance to penicillin exists among the viridans group of streptococci, but its therapeutic significance is unknown. we studied the effect of penicillin alone and in combination with streptomycin, in vivo and in vitro, on three strains of dextran-producing streptococcus sanguis serotype ii which possess widely various degrees of penicillin tolerance. in rabbits with experimental endocarditis, treatment with procaine penicillin (250 mg/kg intramuscularly twice daily for 5 days) decreased the num ...	1983	6838188
iga1 half molecules in human multiple myeloma and the in vitro production of similar fragments from intact iga1 molecules.	this paper describes an iga related protein vla which occurred in the serum and urine of a patient with multiple myeloma. the protein was isolated from urine; it had a molecular mass of 70,000 daltons. it was shown to be a two chain iga half molecule, consisting of a deleted alpha heavy chain, with a molecular mass of 42,000 daltons, which was disulphide linked to a normal kappa type light chain. fabc fragments were produced from an unrelated myeloma iga. these had the same biochemical propertie ...	1983	6839548
purification and properties of pyruvate kinase from streptococcus sanguis and activator specificity of pyruvate kinase from oral streptococci.	it was found that pyruvate kinases with two different regulatory characteristics were distributed among oral streptococci. the pyruvate kinases of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, and streptococcus bovis were activated by glucose 6-phosphate, whereas the enzymes of both streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mitis were activated by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. pyruvate kinase (ec 2.7.1.40) from s. sanguis nctc 10904 was purified, giving a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polya ...	1983	6840832
cysteine toxicity for oral streptococci and effect of branched-chain amino acids.	cysteine was bactericidal to strains of streptococcus mutans and s. salivarius in concentrations that were nontoxic to s. sanguis, s. milleri, or s. mitior when these microorganisms were incubated in a saliva protein-based synthetic medium. cysteine toxicity for s. mutans also occurred after incubation in synthetic base medium supplemented with amino acids as the nitrogen source for growth. the bactericidal effect of cysteine for s. mutans or s. salivarius in the saliva protein medium was influe ...	1983	6840837
in vitro antiplaque activity of octenidine dihydrochloride (win 41464-2) against preformed plaques of selected oral plaque-forming microorganisms.	the antibacterial activity of octenidine dihydrochloride (win 41464-2) against intact preformed in vitro plaques of four indigenous oral plaque-forming microorganisms, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, and actinomyces naeslundii, was studied. both absolute (plaque bactericidal index) and relative (chlorhexidine coefficient) indices of antiplaque efficacy were established. octenidine dihydrochloride compared favorably with chlorhexidine digluconate with respect to ...	1983	6847170
common antigens of streptococcal and nonstreptococcal oral bacteria: characterization of wall-associated protein and comparison with extracellular protein antigen.	a soluble wall-associated common protein (wap) has been isolated from cell wall-extracted antigens of exponentially growing cells of streptococcus sanguis omz9, two serotypes (a and e), of streptococcus mutans and actinomyces viscosus omz104. the wap antigens from the different strains were obtained by chromatography on an anti-rabbit immunoglobulin column of sodium dodecyl sulfate-dissociated immunoprecipitates. the affinity-isolated wap antigens from the different oral bacteria were identical, ...	1983	6852918
modulation of bacterial aggregation by pmn and platelet extracts.	human parotid saliva contains agglutinins which bind to the surface of streptococci and induce the formation of bacterial aggregates. bacterial aggregation can be blocked by proteins released from viable pmns and platelets or by sonic extracts prepared from these cells. pmn and platelet inhibitors display characteristic differences in molecular weight, protease, and temperature sensitivity. the mechanism of action of the inhibitors appears to involve a direct interaction with the salivary agglut ...	1983	6862591
interaction of human plasma fibronectin with cariogenic and non-cariogenic oral streptococci.	the interaction of purified human plasma fibronectin (fn) with bacteria was studied with a variety of oral streptococci. each of the strains of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus sanguis, and streptococcus mitis tested was aggregated by fn to various degrees, depending on the concentration of fn added to the test mixtures. binding assays performed with radiolabeled fn and various strains of streptococci demonstrated various capabilities to bind fn, and the amount of fn ...	1983	6862625
purification and characterization of neutrophil chemotactic factors of streptococcus sanguis.	two neutrophil chemotactic factors were isolated from the culture filtrates of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10556 and were chemically characterized as n-terminal blocked peptides of low molecular weight. one of the factors consisted of proline, valine, methionine, isoleucine and leucine and the other of methionine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine. in both factors, methionine was detected as the sole n-terminal amino acid, but the amino group was blocked. the removal of n-terminal methionine ...	1983	6871247
neuraminidase production by a streptococcus sanguis strain associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis.	the properties of an extracellular neuraminidase produced by a streptococcus sanguis strain (isolated from a confirmed case of subacute bacterial endocarditis) during growth in a defined medium was examined in this investigation. this enzyme, isolated from concentrated culture supernatants of s. sanguis biotype ii, was active against human alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, n-acetylneuramin lactose, bovine submaxillary mucin, and fetuin. neuraminidase production paralleled bacterial growth in defined me ...	1983	6874067
structural preferences of beta-galactoside-reactive lectins on actinomyces viscosus t14v and actinomyces naeslundii wvu45.	specificities of lectins on actinomyces viscosus t14v and actinomyces naeslundii wvu45 were compared by measuring the abilities of d-galactose, n-acetyl-d-galactosamine, 14 beta-d-galacto-oligosaccharides, and 2 beta-d-fuco-oligosaccharides to inhibit coaggregation between streptococcus sanguis 34 and each actinomycete. inhibition profiles were similar, but wvu45 was significantly more sensitive to several inhibitors. d-galactose-beta(1 leads to 3)-n-acetyl-d-galactosamine glycosides were most p ...	1983	6874075
specific coaggregation and the cell wall of streptococcus sanguis.	sacculi prepared from streptococcus sanguis 34 by extensive extraction of cells with hot sodium dodecyl sulfate-2-mercaptoethanol retained the ability to coaggregate with actinomyces viscosus t14v. when s. sanguis 34 was disrupted by homogenization with glass beads and fractionated by differential centrifugation, only the cell wall fraction agglutinated a. viscosus t14v. when strain 34 was treated with lysozyme, the coaggregating capability of the cells was essentially unaltered. sacculi prepare ...	1983	6874647
genetic transformation in streptococcus sanguis. kinetics of production in different media and specific interaction of competence factor and competence factor inactivator.	the production and the persistence of competence factor (cf) and competence factor inactivator (cfi) of four different strains of streptococcus sanguis in three media (todd hewitt broth, medium ii and medium iv) have been examined with respect to kinetics. both the medium used and the strains examined offered implications on the activities of cf and cfi. cf was not detectable in the culture filtrates of strains wicky (nctc 9124) and 445. strain blackburn (nctc 10231) showed activity only in todd ...	1983	6880744
comparative hydrophobicities of oral bacteria and their adherence to salivary pellicles.	oral bacteria were found to differ in their surface hydrophobicities as determined by their ability to adsorb to hexadecane. strains of actinomyces viscosus, a. naeslundii, streptococcus sanguis, s. mitis, and bacteroides gingivalis proved highly hydrophobic. strains of b. intermedius, s. salivarius, s. mutans, and b. melaninogenicus were less hydrophobic, whereas strains of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were hydrophilic. an overall correlation was noted between the adsorption of bacteria ...	1983	6885158
significance of penicillin tolerance in vivo: prevention of experimental streptococcus sanguis endocarditis.	to determine whether in-vitro tolerance to penicillin among viridans streptococci influences the efficacy of penicillin in vivo, we studied four strains of dextran-producing. streptococcus sanguis serotype ii. all four strains were inhibited in vitro by 0.1 mg/l penicillin or less; one was not-tolerant, one intermediate, and two were tolerant to the lethal action of penicillin. the combination of penicillin and streptomycin killed all strains completely within 24 h in vitro. sera from rabbits in ...	1983	6885680
[electrical potential of metal prostheses and metal restorative materials in the oral cavity].		1983	6387301
plaque formation on the hydrophobic composite resin.		1983	6586351
[studies on materials for root caries restoration--adherence of plaque bacteria on the materials' surface].		1983	6586887
exohemagglutinin isolated from the cultured medium of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557.		1983	6587050
interference of alpha-hemolytic streptococci isolated from tonsillar surface on beta-hemolytic streptococci (streptococcus pyogenes)--a methodological study.	the interference between alpha-streptococcal strains obtained from patients with repeated tonsillitis and a collection of group a streptococcal strains were studied. for this purpose three in vitro methods were designed and compared. the results obtained by a simple plating technique suitable for screening purposes were found to correlate well with those using more laborious techniques. in a limited scale some of the alpha- and beta-streptococcal combinations were tested under in vivo conditions ...	1983	6372328
specific binding ability of the cells of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557 to beta-d-galactopyranoside-bovine serum albumin conjugate.		1983	6374077
resistance in oral streptococci after repeated two-dose amoxycillin prophylaxis.	twelve normal volunteers received two doses of 3 g amoxycillin at weekly intervals on up to five occasions. amoxycillin-resistant oral streptococci were not isolated from any subject beforehand, but they had appeared in all eleven subjects (who could be included in the analysis) by the end of the investigation, and in one subject after one administration of double dose amoxycillin. resistant streptococci were undetectable in all volunteers 13 weeks after their last dose of amoxycillin. all resis ...	1983	6555190
the antibacterial effects of calcium hydroxide apexification pastes on streptococcus sanguis.	four calcium hydroxide-based apexification pastes were tested for their antibacterial effects on streptococcus sanguis. their zones of growth inhibition on blood agar plates were measured at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. only the camphorated parachlorophenol and the metacresylacetate pastes showed zones of inhibition. both of these zones of inhibition decreased with time; however, the zones of inhibition for the parachlorophenol paste decreased at a slower rate.	1983	6572354
purification and characterization of galactosephilic component present on the cell surfaces of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557.	previous studies have indicated that a galactosephilic component present on the bacterial cell surfaces of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557 may be responsible for the salivary glycoprotein-mediated binding of the cells. the purpose of this study was to investigate the purification and characterization of galactosephilic cell surface component from s. sanguis atcc 10557. a galactosephilic component involving fibrils on the cell surfaces was isolated by the techniques of freezing and thawing, and ...	1983	6573474
effect of snf2, administered as mouthrinses or topically applied, on streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis and lactobacilli in dental plaque and saliva.	mouthrinsing with snf2 reduced the streptococcus mutans population in plaque and saliva and the proportion of streptococcus sanguis in plaque. the effect was of short duration: 2 weeks after treatment the values of s. mutans in plaque and saliva were even higher than the pretreatment values. topical snf2 applications reduced the s. mutants population in plaque and saliva but did not reduce the proportion of s. sanguis in plaque. the effect was more prolonged : 4 weeks after treatment the s. muta ...	1983	6574579
inhibition by the antimicrobial agent chlorhexidine of acid production and sugar transport in oral streptococcal bacteria.	oral streptococci transport sugars via the phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphotransferase (pep-pts) system. in a specific assay of this system, low concentrations of chlorhexidine abolished the activity of the glucose and sucrose pts in batch-grown cells of streptococcus mutans ingbritt and b13, strep. sanguis nctc 7865, strep. mitis atcc 903, strep. milleri nctc 10709 and strep. salivarius nctc 8606. intact cells and cells made permeable to the assay reagents with toluene were used. toluenized cells we ...	1983	6574734
control of sugar utilization in the oral bacteria streptococcus salivarius and streptococcus sanguis by the phosphoenolpyruvate: glucose phosphotransferase system.	three different strep. salivarius (g2, g5 and g29) and two strep. sanguis (gs3 and gs12) mutants affected in the phosphoenolpyruvate: glucose phosphotransferase system were selected on agar plates containing lactose and 2-deoxyglucose. all 5 were defective in a membrane-bound component of the transport system and grew less rapidly than the parent strain in 5 mm glucose-containing medium. mutants g2 and g29 grew poorly in the presence of 5 mm mannose. growth on mixed substrates revealed that the ...	1983	6575744
comparative growth responses of oral streptococci on mixed saliva or the separate submandibular and parotid secretions from caries-active and caries-free individuals.	growth of s. mutans on mixed or parotid saliva from cf individuals may be influenced by the availability of growth-supportive proteins or the inhibitory activity present in parotid saliva. a deficiency in growth-supportive proteins may explain the limited growth of s. sanguis on mixed or submandibular saliva from these individuals.	1983	6575997
prophylaxis of experimental endocarditis in rabbits using one or two doses of amoxycillin.		1983	6577902
the survivability of f43 strain of streptococcus sanguis in root canals filled with gutta-percha and procosol cement.		1983	6579164
[purification and characterization of the lectin present on the cell surfaces of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557].		1983	6579272
association of food lectins with human oral epithelial cells in vivo.	the association of wheat germ agglutinin (wga) and peanut agglutinin (pna) with oral tissues after eating raw wheat-germ or raw peanuts, respectively, was determined. an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (elia) was used to detect wga and pna on epithelial cells. buccal and tongue epithelial cells, and preparations of salivary sediment exhibited elia units of wga and pna significantly above background after eating 2--7 g of wheat-germ or 25 g of raw peanuts, respectively. both lectins were detec ...	1983	6579890
predominant cultivable microflora of plaque on removable dentures in patients with healthy oral mucosa.	plaque from the fitting surface of upper full dentures in eight patients with healthy palatal mucosa was studied. to characterize the predominant cultivable flora, 916 isolates (100-128 from each sample) were subcultured from anaerobic roll-tubes. streptococci constituted 0-81 per cent (median, 41 per cent) of the isolates with varying proportions of streptococcus milleri, streptoccus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus mitior and streptococcus sanguis. staphylococcus aureus made up ...	1983	6579900
implantation of transformant strains of the bacterium streptococcus sanguis into adult human mouths.	streptococcus sanguis strains isolated from dental plaque of 12 subjects were screened for their ability to undergo genetic transformation using a streptomycin-resistance marker. all subjects harboured at least one transformable strain. eight of the subjects were implanted with transformant strains originally isolated from their own mouth, whereas four subjects received bacteria from other donors. the strep. sanguis transformants became successfully implanted; their oral levels remained virtuall ...	1983	6579905
stability of streptococcus mutans and its relationship to caries in a child population over 2 years.		1983	6580079
heterofermentative glucose metabolism by glucose transport-impaired mutants of oral streptococcal bacteria during growth in batch culture.	spontaneous mutants defective in a membrane component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-glucose phosphotransferase system were isolated by plating cells of streptococcus sanguis 10556, streptococcus mutans gs5-2 and nctc 10449 on agar containing lactose and 2-deoxyglucose. toluenized cells of these mutants were defective in their ability to catalyse the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose. the parental strains were mainly homofermentative when grown in batch culture in the p ...	1983	6580849
[bacterial flora in dental intercoronal fissures based on a literature review].		1983	6581900
[distribution of streptococcus, s. mutans and s. sanguis in the human oral cavity].		1983	6589057
nonspecific induction of immunoglobulin m antibodies to periodontal disease-associated microorganisms after polyclonal human b-lymphocyte activation by fusobacterium nucleatum.	the production of antibodies to oral bacteria was determined in lymphocyte cultures stimulated with sonicated fusobacterium nucleatum, a potent inducer of polyclonal b-cell activation. after 9 days the cultures were examined by a microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to f. nucleatum, bacteroides gingivalis, actinomyces viscosus, and streptococcus sanguis. antibodies to these four bacteria were detected in cultures stimulated with polyclonal b-cell activatio ...	1983	6604024
the binding of human salivary alpha-amylase by oral strains of streptococcal bacteria.	the ability of various oral streptococci to bind salivary alpha-amylase to their cell surfaces was investigated. samples of cells were mixed with whole cleared saliva and the alpha-amylase remaining after removal of the cells was assayed by radial diffusion in starch-containing agarose. seventy-five per cent of streptococcus sanguis strains bound the enzyme but strains of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus mitior did not. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of strep. sanguis cell ...	1983	6605739
copper-inhibition of the growth of oral streptococci and actinomyces.	copper ions were found to inhibit the rate of growth in broth culture of streptococcus mitis, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarious, streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii. in all cases, 10(-3) m copper inhibited the rate of growth, whereas 10(-4) m and lower concentrations had little or no effect. at the concentrations used in mouthwashes one mode of action of copper ions is to reduce the rate of growth of oral bacteria in vitro.	1983	6615987
phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of alpha-methylglucoside in streptococcus sanguis atcc 10556.	spontaneous mutants defective in some undefined membrane components of the phosphoenolpyruvate:glucose phosphotransferase system were isolated by plating cells of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10556 onto an agar containing lactose and 10 mm 2-deoxyglucose. toluenized cells of these mutants were defective in their ability to catalyse the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose but were still able to phosphorylate alpha-methylglucoside. the phosphorylation of alpha-methylgluco ...	1983	6616345
cell-free released components of streptococcus sanguis inhibit human platelet aggregation.	to study the role of surface components in the selective binding and aggregation of platelet-rich plasma (prp) by strains of viridans streptococci, we treated the binding, aggregation strain streptococcus sanguis i 2017-78 by sonication or trypsinization. morphologically identifiable electron-dense fibrils were released from the cell wall, apparently from an inner electron-dense layer, under conditions that left cells intact. these controlled conditions were determined to cause submaximal loss i ...	1983	6618669
local anesthetics block transient expression of inducible functions for transformation in streptococcus sanguis.	procaine and tetracaine reversibly inhibit transformation by preventing the transient expression of competence-specific, inducible functions, which are usually triggered in response to cellular stimulation with competence protein. affinity studies with 14c-labeled procaine showed that the anesthetic bound to cell surface macromolecules specifically in the initiation phases of competence-specific events and blocked transfer of information imparted by cellular membrane receptor(s) upon interaction ...	1983	6619099
a neuraminidase from streptococcus sanguis that can release o-acetylated sialic acids.	the naturally occurring sialic acids can have different types of n- and o-substitutions, resulting in more than 20 known isomers and compounds. most methods for the detailed study of these various sialic acids require that the molecules be first released from their alpha-glycosidic linkage. when mild acid hydrolysis is used for this purpose, significant destruction of o-substituent groups occur. on the other hand, the presence of o-substituent groups renders the sialic acid molecule partially or ...	1983	6630194
bacteriology of dental abscesses of endodontic origin.	aspirates have been cultured from 10 dental abscesses of endodontic origin, all of which had penetrated beyond the bony alveolus to produce fluctuant swelling. sampling was by syringe aspiration. strict anaerobic techniques, including the use of an anaerobic chamber, were used for serial dilution and plating. randomly selected colonies (100) from each culture were purified, characterized, and identified. seventy percent of the bacterial isolates were either strict anaerobes or microaerophilic. o ...	1983	6630460
distribution and incidence of viridans streptococcal species in routine clinical specimens.	five hundred consecutive isolates of viridans streptococci were identified to the species level in an effort to determine their distribution and incidence in routine clinical specimens. viridans streptococci accounted for significant percentages of streptococcal isolates from urine, wounds, body fluids, and blood. the most commonly isolated strains belonged to the streptococcus milleri, streptococcus mitis, streptococcus sanguis i, and streptococcus sanguis ii species. patient charts were review ...	1983	6637890
association of neuraminidase-sensitive receptors and putative hydrophobic interactions with high-affinity binding sites for streptococcus sanguis c5 in salivary pellicles.	the relationship of neuraminidase-sensitive receptors and putative hydrophobic interactions to high- and low-affinity binding sites in experimental salivary pellicles for streptococcus sanguis c5 was investigated. nascn, an inhibitor of hydrophobic interactions, reduced the number of cells which adsorbed to pellicles to a greater extent than nacl or kcl when both low and high streptococcal concentrations were used in assays. however, nascn was not more effective than nacl or kcl in desorbing 3h- ...	1983	6642656
role of monocytes in polyclonal immunoglobulin production stimulated by sonicates of periodontally associated bacteria.	these studies were initiated to investigate monocyte regulation of polyclonal antibody responses of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by sonicates of periodontally associated bacteria. with pokeweed mitogen (pwm) as a positive reference, the role of monocytes in the peripheral blood lymphocyte response to streptococcus sanguis and wolinella hvs was examined by manipulating the number of monocytes and lymphocytes in culture. in comparison to pwm, optimal responses to the bacterial son ...	1983	6642667
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by a viridans streptococcus or neisseria perflava.	eight patients had nine episodes of presumed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) caused by commensal bacteria that usually inhabit the oropharynx, including neisseria perflava and the viridans streptococci streptococcus milleri, streptococcus mitis, and streptococcus sanguis. nonpurulent ascites (ascitic fluid wbc count, less than 1,000/cu mm) was present in four episodes, possibly caused by either bacterial colonization or early peritonitis; purulent ascites was present in five episodes. no ...	1983	6645030
a factor from actinomyces viscosus t14v that specifically aggregates streptococcus sanguis h1.	a highly specific aggregation factor for streptococcus sanguis h1 (afh1) was obtained by lysozyme treatment of actinomyces viscosus t14v. at 1 micrograms/ml, afh1 aggregated a suspension of s. sanguis h1, with which a. viscosus t14v coaggregates by a mechanism not inhibited by lactose: even at much higher levels afh1 caused little or no aggregation of streptococci from other coaggregation groups (j. o. cisar et al., infect. immun. 24:742-752, 1979). the most active fraction of afh1 obtained by g ...	1983	6303957
streptococcal r plasmid pip501: endonuclease site map, resistance determinant location, and construction of novel derivatives.	the streptococcal resistance plasmid pip501 (30 kilobase pairs [kb]) encodes resistance to chloramphenicol (cmr) and erythromycin (emr) and is capable of conjugative transfer among numerous streptococcal species. by using a streptococcal host-vector recombinant dna system, the cmr and emr determinants of pip501 were localized to 6.3-kb hindiii and 2.1-kb hindiii-avai fragments, respectively. pip501 was lost at a frequency of 22% in streptococcus sanguis cells grown at 42 degrees c but was stable ...	1983	6304011
plasmid transfer in pediococcus spp.: intergeneric and intrageneric transfer of pip501.	transfer of the broad-host-range resistance plasmid pip501 from streptococcus faecalis to pediococcus pentosaceus and pediococcus acidilactici occurred between cells immobilized on nitrocellulose filters in the presence of dnase. expression of the pip501-linked erythromycin and chloramphenicol resistance determinants was observed in transconjugants. intrageneric transfer of pip501 from a p. pentosaceus donor to various pediococcal recipients occurred at frequencies of 10(-4) to 10(-7) transconju ...	1983	6311098
an in-vitro study of the role of sucrose and interactions between oral bacteria in possible mechanisms of dental plaque formation.	the adherence of streptococci to hydroxyapatite spheroids (has) depended upon the strain used, the fermentable carbon source available during bacterial growth, the number of times a clinical isolate had been subcultured on laboratory media and the pre-treatment of the has. sucrose greatly stimulated the secondary colonization of streptococcus mutans strain 3209 on has pre-equilibrated with this strain, but no similar effect was observed with glucose. pre-equilibration of has with streptococcus s ...	1983	6314950
purification and immunochemical characterization of streptococcus sanguis serotype i carbohydrate antigen.	the serotype-specific antigen of streptococcus sanguis st3 (serotype i, biotype a) was extracted, chromatographically purified, and characterized by immunological and chemical methods. the antigen was extracted from purified cell walls with hot trichloroacetic acid, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on a deae-sephadex a-25 column and gel filtration through a sephadex g-100 column. a peak fraction was obtained that gave a single precipitin band when reacted with anti-type i serum. the type ...	1983	6187682
aggregation of human platelets and adhesion of streptococcus sanguis.	platelet vegetations or thrombi are common findings in subacute bacterial endocarditis. we investigated the hypothesis that human platelets selectively bind or adhere strains of streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans and aggregate, as a result, into an in vitro thrombus. earlier ultrastructural studies suggested that aggregation of platelets over time by staphylococcus aureus was preceded in order by adhesion and platelet activation. we uncoupled the adhesion step from activation and agg ...	1983	6188697
an improved method for measuring aggregation of certain streptococcal bacteria found in dental plaque.	various cells were incubated with either dextran or sucrose and the reaction was terminated by the addition of a 20 per cent solution of formaldehyde. a reaction mixture consisting of cells and aggregated cells was applied to a step-gradient glycerol column (0-60 per cent) and 0.5 ml fractions were collected from the bottom of the column. non-aggregated cells remained in the top layer of the column. aggregated cells settled in the 30 per cent glycerol layer as determined by either spectrophotome ...	1983	6190471
effects of mecillinam and cefoxitin on growth, macromolecular synthesis, and penicillin-binding proteins in a variety of streptococci.	although some strains of streptococci seem to be virtually inert to mecillinam, the growth of other strains, notably certain viridans streptococci (streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis) was inhibited by relatively low concentrations of the drug. inhibition of the synthesis of peptidoglycan, rna, protein, and dna in two tolerant strains, s. mutans fa-1 and gs-5, was studied over a wide range of concentrations of mecillinam, benzylpenicillin, and cefoxitin. the responses of both strains ...	1983	6191654
effects of local immunization of hamsters with glucosyltransferase antigens on infection with streptococcus sanguis.	the effects of immunization with antigens of the streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase (gtf) complex on oral challenge with two streptococcus sanguis strains (h7pr3 and 34) in hamsters were studied. antisera to s. mutans gtf complex were able to inhibit one-third (strain h7pr3) to one-half (strain 34) of the s. sanguis gtf activity which could be inhibited when these s. sanguis gtfs were incubated with antisera to s. sanguis gtf. washed, intact cells of strains h7pr3 and 34 were able to remov ...	1983	6194115
surface-located trypsin-activated streptococcus sanguis strain wicky endonuclease.	a new streptococcus sanguis strain wicky endonuclease was isolated, purified and partially characterized. this nuclease acts preferentially on thermally denatured dna, is not inhibited by rna and is activated 3-5 times by trypsin. this activation is accompanied by the reduction of molecular weight of the enzyme. these features distinguish the new s, sanguis nuclease from the 3 previously described s. sanguis endonucleases. with covalently closed circular plasmid dna, the enzyme causes first the ...	1983	6198873
corncob formation between fusobacterium nucleatum and streptococcus sanguis.	corncob formation in dental plaque was believed to be limited to strains of bacterionema matruchotii and streptococcus sanguis. we observed recently that strains of fusobacterium nucleatum also interacted with s. sanguis to form corncobs. since the fusobacteria are among the first anaerobic filaments to colonize subgingival plaque, these interactions could serve as a connecting link between the transformation of supra- to subgingival plaque. to further characterize these interactions, quantitati ...	1983	6131871
coaggregation of human oral cytophaga species and actinomyces israelii.	a total of 19 strains of oral cytophaga sp. obtained from subgingival plaque deposits were tested for their ability to coaggregate with strains of actinomyces israelii, a. viscosus, a. naeslundii, streptococcus sanguis, s. mutans, s. salivarius, and s. mitis. coaggregation was observed only with a. israelii. based on their coaggregation patterns with eight a. israelii strains, the cytophaga strains were distributed among three distinct groups: those that coaggregated with a. israelii pk16 but no ...	1983	6133836
association of fimbriae with the hydrophobicity of streptococcus sanguis fc-1 and adherence to salivary pellicles.	a nonhydrophobic mutant of streptococcus sanguis fc-1 was isolated which has a greatly diminished capacity for attaching to experimental salivary pellicles on hydroxyapatite surfaces and for aggregating with salivary components. the mutant appears to be defective in the synthesis of fimbriae, as judged by electron microscopic observations and by its inability to exhibit twitching motility.	1983	6134679
adp-like platelet aggregation activity generated by viridans streptococci incubated with exogenous atp.	to explore the possibility that streptococcus sanguis aggregation of platelet-rich plasma (prp) might be mediated by soluble agents, we tested cell-free s. sanguis supernatant for aggregation activity. the supernatant of untreated s. sanguis was without measurable prp aggregation activity. in contrast, the cell-free supernatant of atp-incubated s. sanguis produced an immediate wave of prp aggregation. the supernatant with prp aggregating activity contained insufficient protease to produce a resp ...	1983	6219955
degradation of the microbial and salivary components participating in human dental plaque formation by proteases elaborated by plaque bacteria.	twenty-eight strains of facultative, gram-positive, sporulating bacilli which produce caseinolytic enzymes were isolated from human early dental plaque. a major component of the extracellular caseinolytic enzymes elaborated by strong producers seemed to be neutral zinc proteases. the extracellular proteases inactivated glucosyltransferase of streptococcus mutans and inhibited the synthesis of adherent glucans from sucrose. the enzymes also degraded the strep. mutans cell-surface receptor for dex ...	1983	6222727
inhibition by acarbose, nojirimycin and 1-deoxynojirimycin of glucosyltransferase produced by oral streptococci.	acarbose is known to inhibit glucoamylase, maltase and sucrase. our aim was to test whether it would also inhibit glucosyltransferase (gtf), to determine the type of inhibition and to compare the inhibitor potency of acarbose with that of nojirimycin and deoxynojirimycin, two other glucosidase inhibitors. enzyme inhibition was measured either by chemical assay or by incorporation of radioactivity into product. acarbose effectively inhibited the synthesis of polysaccharide by gtf from strains of ...	1983	6226260
novel shuttle plasmid vehicles for escherichia-streptococcus transgeneric cloning.	a novel plasmid vector that is able to replicate both in escherichia coli and in streptococcus sanguis is described. this 9.2-kb plasmid, designated pva856, carries cmr, tcr, and emr determinants that are expressed in e. coli. only the emr determinant is expressed in s. sanguis. both the cmr and the tcr of pva856 may be insertionally inactivated. this plasmid affords several different cleavage-ligation strategies for cloning in e. coli followed by subsequent introduction of chimeras into s. sang ...	1983	6319229
application of a competition model to the growth of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis in binary continuous culture.	streptococcus mutans 6715-15 and streptococcus sanguis 10558 were grown together in continuous culture with glucose as the limiting carbon source. the relationship of growth rate to substrate concentration was determined for pure cultures of each organism in continuous and batch cultures. a model based on competition for a growth-limiting substrate (glucose) was used to predict the proportions of each organism when grown in binary cultures. the results indicate that interactions other than compe ...	1983	6344790
occurrence and nature of bacterial iga proteases.		1983	6347000
inhibition of bacterial iga proteases by human secretory iga and serum.		1983	6347001
of human dental plaque bacteria, actinomyces viscosus accelerates immunoglobulin a protease secretion in streptococcus sanguis.		1983	6347146
quantitative screening of clinical isolates for immunoglobulin a protease production.	the production of immunoglobulin a (iga) protease is a potentially useful marker in differentiating pathogenic from nonpathogenic species of clinical isolates; however, current quantitative assay methods are too tedious for routine application. a simple quantitative method was developed to screen clinical isolates for iga protease production. this method is based on the specificity of reaction between iga and alpha chain-specific antiserum in an immunochemistry analyzer (beckman instruments, inc ...	1983	6352734
cleavage of protein a-binding iga1 with iga1 protease from streptococcus sanguis.	protein a-binding fractions of two iga1 myeloma proteins failed to produce fc fragments on digestion with iga1 protease from streptococcus sanguis. a polymeric protein a-binding iga1 fraction yielded a protein a-non-binding monomer, which was further cleaved into fab fragments but it did not yield fc fragments. the protein a-binding fraction of a monomeric iga1 yielded an iga molecule lacking one fab fragment. subsequently, the remaining part of its cleaved alpha chain was degraded. further dige ...	1983	6358000
aggregation of streptococcus sanguis by a neuraminidase-sensitive component of serum and crevicular fluid.	a number of strains of streptococcus sanguis were found to aggregate in nonimmune serum and in crevicular fluid. all strains which aggregated in serum also aggregated in saliva, but some strains which aggregated in saliva did not aggregate in serum. aggregation was destroyed by treatment of serum or crevicular fluid with neuraminidase and was inhibited by gangliosides. treatment of serum with proteases reduced aggregating activity. adsorption of serum to hydroxyapatite did not reduce the aggrega ...	1983	6358038
immunochemical comparison of cell-wall antigens of various viridans streptococci, including strain 2a2+3 hot from recurrent oral aphthous ulceration in man.	several studies suggest that patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration show cell-mediated and humoral immunity to antigens of streptococcus sanguis, particularly strain 2a2+3 hot which is said to be antigenically similar or identical to strep. sanguis strain atcc 10556. however, physiological classification as well as analysis of the immunologically dominant cell-wall antigens by immunoelectrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence showed that the strain is actually a strain of streptococcus ...	1983	6360105
inactivation and stabilization of iga protease from the human oral bacterium streptococcus sanguis.	the oral bacterium, streptococcus sanguis, secretes an extracellular protease which specifically cleaves immunoglobulin a (iga). during in vitro growth of strep. sanguis at 37 degrees c the iga protease was completely inactivated within 2 h. lowering the growth temperature to 31 degrees c reduced the inactivation rate 50 per cent and a doubling of enzyme yield was obtained. the iga protease could be stabilized by the presence of whole human saliva, by a low concentration of iga, or by inhibition ...	1983	6360106
[immunoglobulin a protease secretion in streptococcus sanguis accelerated by actinomyces viscosus].		1983	6361182
protoplast and cytoplasmic membrane preparations from streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans.	protoplasts were prepared from streptococcus sanguis and some s. mutans serotypes by use of lysozyme (ec 3.2.1.17) under particular conditions: cells had to be grown in dl-threonine (20 mm) and harvested in early exponential phase. the efficiency of protoplast formation was enhanced by two additional steps: plasmolysis (in 12% peg), prior to addition of lysozyme, and a swirling phase, after the enzymic action. this procedure allowed us to obtain clean protoplasts, with only 0.5% contamination by ...	1983	6361217
effect of insertion of osseo-integrated prosthesis on the oral microflora.	ten patients undergoing treatment with bridges supported by osseo-integrated oral titanium implants were studied regarding the oral microflora. saliva samples for microbiological studies were collected before the abutment operation, 1 week after the operation, after the bridges were inserted and again 52 weeks after the abutment operation. the implants did not induce colonization with "plaque streptococci" such as streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis. a marked colonization with potenti ...	1983	6362048
a complex attenuator regulates inducible resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin type b antibiotics in streptococcus sanguis.	macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin b resistance specified by streptococcus sanguis plasmid pam77 involves an adenine methylase, whose synthesis, demonstrable both phenotypically and by analysis of methionine-labeled proteins made in bacillus subtilis minicells, is inducible by erythromycin, lincomycin, and streptogramin type b antibiotics. localization of the methylase structural gene, including its control region in dna fragments obtained with restriction endonucleases, has been deduced from d ...	1983	6406429
[characterization of the antigen in circulating immune complexes and application to the detection of streptococcal antigens in human infectious endocarditis].	immune complexes from patients with subacute endocarditis were used to develop a methodology for characterization of the antigen involved in human circulating immune complexes. this model was chosen because it permits isolation of the causative agent of the streptococcal infection thought to contain the antigen present in the immune complex. a comparison was made between two methods for characterization of bacterial antigen bound to antibody. in the first, animals were immunized with purified im ...	1983	6408976
prevalence of viridans streptococci exhibiting lactose-inhibitable coaggregation with oral actinomycetes.	fresh oral isolates from human dental plaque were selected on the basis of their spherical morphology. in a double-blind experiment, their species identity and ability to coaggregate with human oral actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii were determined. of the 110 isolates characterized, 30 were identified as either streptococcus mutans, streptococcus anginosus-constellatus, or veillonella parvula; none of these coaggregated with the actinomycetes. the remaining 80 isolates were identi ...	1983	6409806
new actinomyces and streptococcus coaggregation groups among human oral isolates from the same site.	the coaggregation properties of recent human oral streptococcal and actinomyces isolates from the same site were determined and compared with the coaggregation properties of well-characterized stock strains of these two kinds of bacteria. streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, actinomyces naeslundii, and phenotypically similar strains of actinomyces were isolated from subgingival samples from periodontally healthy older individuals, from persons participating in an experimental gingivitis ...	1983	6409807
trimethylsilyl-sugar profiles of streptococcus milleri and streptococcus mitis.	seventy strains of 'viridans-group' streptococci were analysed gas chromatographically after preparation of trimethylsilyl ethers of their cellular sugars. the resulting profiles were evaluated as a possible aid to taxonomy. glycerol, glucose, galactose, n-acetyl-glucosamine and n-acetylmuramic acid were found in all strains, in varying amounts. rhamnose was the major neutral sugar in most strains, other than representatives of streptococcus mitis, which invariably had ribose and usually anhydro ...	1983	6409876
numerical taxonomy of streptococcus.	a numerical taxonomic study of strains of streptococcus, together with representatives of allied genera, showed 28 reasonably distinct phenons. the major areas, with their phenons, were: (a) enterococcal species group (s. faecalis, s. faecium, 's. avium' and a proposed new species 's. gallinarum'); (b) paraviridans species group (s. bovis, s. equinus, s. salivarius, 's. casseliflavus', s. mutans, s. raffinolactis and an unidentified oral group i); (c) lactic species group (s. lactis including s. ...	1983	6409982
streptococci isolated from the bloodstream and gingival crevice of man.	one hundred and twenty six strains of streptococci isolated from the bloodstreams of 123 hospital in-patients--55 with endocarditis--and 255 strains isolated from the gingival crevices of 66 volunteers were characterised. species isolated were streptococcus mitior, s. sanguis, undifferentiated viridans streptococci, s. salivarius, s. milleri, s. mutans, s. bovis and s. faecalis. there was no significant difference between the distribution of species in blood and in the gingival crevice. s. mitio ...	1983	6410069
purification and immunochemical characterization of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557 serotype ii carbohydrate antigen.	cell wall carbohydrate antigen of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557 (serotype ii/biotype b) was extracted from purified cell walls by treatment with 5% trichloroacetic acid at 4 degrees c for 8 h. the extract was purified by chromatography on deae-sephadex a-25 and sephadex g-100 columns. the purified carbohydrate antigen produced a single precipitin band against anti-type ii serum, which fused with the band produced by the autoclaved extract or the phenol-water extract of the s. sanguis cells. t ...	1983	6417021
inhibition of microbial iga proteases by human secretory iga and serum.	microbial iga proteases cleave human serum iga1 immunoglobulin, but human secretory iga is resistant to hydrolysis. we have found this resistance to be due to an inhibition of protease activity that is mediated by the fab region of secretory iga. the iga proteases of the genus neisseria are more sensitive to inhibition than is the protease of streptococcus sanguis. there is also a serum inhibitor of neisseria proteases that co-chromatographs with igg. monoclonal (myeloma) human igg proteins and ...	1983	6417473
competent antigen-binding fragments (fab) from secretory immunoglobulin a using streptococcus sanguis immunoglobulin a protease.		1984	6423284
inhibition of neisseria gonorrhoeae growth due to hydrogen peroxide production by urogenital streptococci.	seven streptococci isolated from the normal urogenital flora were selected for the production of an inhibitory activity toward neisseria gonorrhoeae on solid medium. this activity was abolished when catalase was added to the medium in the case of streptococcus mitis isolates 22, 25, 74 and streptococcus sanguis ii isolate 70 suggesting the involvement of hydrogen peroxide. the inhibitory activities produced by the other isolates (streptococcus faecalis) were trypsin sensitive (isolates 12 and 14 ...	1984	6427555
carbohydrate composition of dental plaque from primates with irradiation caries.	carbohydrate analyses were performed on dental plaque collected from the teeth of irradiated monkeys, non-irradiated monkeys and a group of streptococcus mutans free animals, all of which were fed the same standard cariogenic diet. glucose was the predominant sugar constituent in plaque and was detected in highest concentration in the irradiated animals. small amounts of pentoses and other hexoses were also present. plaque from irradiated animals contained, by comparison with the other groups, h ...	1984	6429296
transformation of streptococcus sanguis challis with streptococcus lactis plasmid dna.	streptococcus lactis plasmid dna, which is required for the fermentation of lactose (plasmid plm2001), and a potential streptococcal cloning vector plasmid (pdb101) which confers resistance to erythromycin were evaluated by transformation into streptococcus sanguis challis. plasmid plm2001 transformed lactose-negative (lac-) mutants of s. sanguis with high efficiency and was capable of conferring lactose-metabolizing ability to a mutant deficient in enzyme iilac, factor iiilac, and phospho-beta- ...	1984	6435522
identification of streptococci in a medical laboratory.	a total of 965 cultures of streptococci received at a reference unit for identification were examined with api-20 strep kits and also by established methods. the api method, although it needed to be supplemented with additional tests, largely overcame the difficulty that pyogenic streptococci are usually identified by their serological reactions and that biochemical tests are used for the identification of the other streptococci. representatives of at least 24 established or possible species wer ...	1984	6436221
[conjugational plasmid transfer from a, b and h streptococci to n streptococci].	plasmid-mediated resistance to erythromycin and chloramphenicol was successfully transferred from group a, b and h streptococci to group n streptococci by a process akin to conjugation. the results showed that plasmids from streptococcal groups other than n were able to replicate in lactic streptococci as well. the transfer experiments were carried out by using a membrane filter mating technique. four of the five plasmids used (psm15346, psm10419, pip501, and pel1) were transferred at frequencie ...	1984	6441362
inhibition of bacterial growth by tetracycline-impregnated enamel and dentin.	tetracyclines can react with enamel and dentin to form relatively insoluble fluorescent compounds. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible antimicrobial effect of these reaction products on various microorganisms associated with human dental plaque and periodontal disease. slabs of native dentin and enamel as well as demineralized dentin were immersed in aqueous solutions of tetracycline hcl, oxytetracycline hcl and doxycycline hcl for periods of 1 h or 24 h. unimpregnated enamel ...	1984	6441999