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plural medicine in sri lanka: do ayurvedic and western medical practices differ?in sri lanka, as in india, two formally structured systems of medicine exist side by side. while western-style biomedicine is believed to be useful, ayurvedic medicine is well established and commonly used. underlying one explanation for the persistence of such plural medical systems is a functional theory, suggesting that each system is used for different treatments, diseases, or for the ideological, linguistic or social characteristics of the physician. in part, ayurvedic and western medicine ...20102976194
[nephro-colo-jejunal fistula. a rare complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy]. 20102950500
[exploration of vascular function. how to assess the efficacy of treatment designed to improve venous tone?]. 20102953036
more on living within the practice income. 20102914790
detection of fiber-digesting bacteria in the ceca of ostrich using specific primer sets.the purpose of this study was to detect three fibrolytic bacteria, fibrobacter succinogenes, ruminococcus flavefaciens, and ruminococcus albus, in the cecal digesta of the ostrich (struthio camelus) by pcr using a species-specific primer set for each 16s ribosomal rna gene (16s rdna). although amplified dna fragments obtained from each primer set had the expected size, the clone library derived from the amplimer contained non-specific sequences. the f. succinogenes-specific primer set recovered ...201019787401
biochemical and domain analyses of fsuaxe6b, a modular acetyl xylan esterase, identify a unique carbohydrate binding module in fibrobacter succinogenes s85.acetyl xylan esterase (ec 3.1.1.72) is a member of a set of enzymes required to depolymerize hemicellulose, especially xylan that is composed of a main chain of beta-1,4-linked xylopyranoside residues decorated with acetyl side groups. fibrobacter succinogenes s85 axe6b (fsuaxe6b) is an acetyl xylan esterase encoded in the genome of this rumen bacterium. the enzyme is a modular protein comprised of an esterase domain, a carbohydrate-binding module, and a region of unknown function. sequences tha ...201019897648
detection and identification of rumen bacteria constituting a fibrolytic consortium dominated by fibrobacter succinogenes.a fibrolytic consortium, dominated by the rumen cellulolytic bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes, was artificially constructed on hay stems to detect and identify rumen bacteria that can potentially interact with f. succinogenes. consortium-bacterial members were determined by dgge and sequencing analysis targeted bacterial 16s rdna. an artificial consortium was formed in a 2-step incubation of hay stems; the first step with group 1, 2 or 3 f. succinogenes strains, the second step with rumen flui ...201020163675
forage type and fish oil cause shifts in rumen bacterial diversity.despite evidence supporting improved incorporation of beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) into ruminant products, such as meat and milk, following red clover and fish oil (fo) inclusion in the ruminant diet, little is known regarding the concomitant bacterial diversity. we evaluated the effects of feeding grass vs. red clover silage with incremental fo inclusion on known lipolytic, biohydrogenating, cellulolytic and proteolytic rumen bacterial communities of steers. following 14 days o ...201020491929
structural and catalytic roles of amino acid residues located at substrate-binding pocket in fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanase.we created 12 mutant enzymes (e11l, f40i, y42l, n44l, n44q, e47i, l62g, k64a, k64m, r137m, r137q, and n139a) from the truncated fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanase (tf-glucanase). the enzymes were used to investigate the structural and catalytic roles of specific amino acid residues located at the catalytic pocket and having direct interactions with glucose subsites of the product beta-1,3-1,4-cellotriose (cltr). fluorescence spectrometry showed no discernible changes in secondary ...201020635417
succinic acid production from orange peel and wheat straw by batch fermentations of fibrobacter succinogenes s85.succinic acid is a platform molecule that has recently generated considerable interests. production of succinate from waste orange peel and wheat straw by consolidated bioprocessing that combines cellulose hydrolysis and sugar fermentation, using a cellulolytic bacterium, fibrobacter succinogenes s85, was studied. orange peel contains d-limonene, which is a well-known antibacterial agent. its effects on batch cultures of f. succinogenes s85 were examined. the minimal concentrations of limonene f ...201020645087
domain analysis of a modular alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase with a unique carbohydrate binding strategy from the fiber-degrading bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes s85.family 43 glycoside hydrolases (gh43s) are known to exhibit various activities involved in hemicellulose hydrolysis. thus, these enzymes contribute to efficient plant cell wall degradation, a topic of much interest for biofuel production. in this study, we characterized a unique gh43 protein from fibrobacter succinogenes s85. the recombinant protein showed α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity, specifically with arabinoxylan. the enzyme is, therefore, an arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase (axh). the ...201020709893
quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization of microbial communities in the rumens of cattle fed different diets.at present there is little quantitative information on the identity and composition of bacterial populations in the rumen microbial community. quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization using newly designed oligonucleotide probes was applied to identify the microbial populations in liquid and solid fractions of rumen digesta from cows fed barley silage or grass hay diets with or without flaxseed. bacteroidetes, firmicutes, and proteobacteria were abundant in both fractions, constituting 31. ...201020802069
analysis of a continuous culture of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 on a standardized glucose medium.continuous cultures of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 were performed on a standardized fully synthetic culture medium with glucose as carbon source at a dilution rate (d = 0.02 h(-1)) in a 5-l bioreactor. the culture was stabilized during 20 days and demonstrated the ability of fibrobacter succinogenes to grow in this synthetic medium. co(2) partial pressure and redox potential probes were used to check the anaerobic state of the culture. the biomass yield was calculated 0.206 g (g glucose)(-1) an ...201019548008
microbial diversity in ostrich ceca as revealed by 16s ribosomal rna gene clone library and detection of novel fibrobacter species.the ostrich (struthio camelus) is a herbivorous bird and although the hindgut is known as the site for fiber digestion, little is known about the microbial diversity in the ostrich hindgut. our aim was to analyze the microbial diversity in ostrich ceca using a 16s ribosomal rna gene (rdna) clone library approach. a total of 310 clones were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed and were classified into 110 operational taxonomy units (otus) based on a 98% similarity criterion. the similarity of ...201019632349
rumen microbial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet.high-grain adaptation programs are widely used with feedlot cattle to balance enhanced growth performance against the risk of acidosis. this adaptation to a high-grain diet from a high-forage diet is known to change the rumen microbial population structure and help establish a stable microbial population within the rumen. therefore, to evaluate bacterial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet, 4 ruminally cannulated beef steers were adapted to a high-grain diet using a step-u ...201020851965
influence of the composition of the cellulolytic flora on the development of hydrogenotrophic microorganisms, hydrogen utilization, and methane production in the rumens of gnotobiotically reared lambs.we investigated the influence of the composition of the fibrolytic microbial community on the development and activities of hydrogen-utilizing microorganisms in the rumens of gnotobiotically reared lambs. two groups of lambs were reared. the first group was inoculated with fibrobacter succinogenes, a non-h(2)-producing species, as the main cellulolytic organism, and the second group was inoculated with ruminococcus albus, ruminococcus flavefaciens, and anaerobic fungi that produce hydrogen. the ...201020971877
paenibacillus polymyxa jb05-01-1 and its perspectives for food conservation and medical applications.the aim of this study was to isolate a novel bacterial strain with strong and broad spectrum antibacterial activity from a livestock feed prebiotic supplement. a novel strain, termed paenibacillus polymyxa jb05-01-1, was isolated using traditional microbiological methods and identified on the basis of its phenotypic and biochemical properties as well as its 16s rrna gene sequence. this strain was able to inhibit growth of gram-negative bacteria including escherichia coli rr1, pseudomonas fluores ...201021132276
nmr contrast agents for proton imaging. 20102832350
[surgery in the treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer].the data on surgical and combined treatment of 52 cases of small cell lung cancer are presented and the end results are evaluated. the findings on survival time make the case for surgery as a component of combined treatment of tumor. the best results were obtained in cases of stage i and ii tumor, absence of metastases into intrathoracic lymph nodes, tumor invasion limited to bronchopulmonary lymph nodes or the root of the lung, intermediate cell pattern of small cell lung cancer and surgery fol ...20102998088
[occupational health program for the workers of health centers]. 20113105075
[primary transport of acute patients. optimal use of rescue resources exemplified by the canton of graubünden]. 20113927607
Effects of chestnut tannins and coconut oil on growth performance, methane emission, ruminal fermentation, and microbial populations in sheep.This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chestnut tannins (CT) and coconut oil (CO) on growth performance, methane (CH4) emission, ruminal fermentation, and microbial populations in sheep. A total of 48 Rideau Arcott sheep (average body weight 31.5±1.97 kg, 16 wk old) were randomly assigned into 6 treatment groups in a 3 × 2 factorial design, with CT and CO as the main effects (8 sheep per group). The treatments were control diet (CTR), 10 or 30 g of CT/kg of diet (CT10 and CT30), 25 ...201122118094
rational design to improve thermostability and specific activity of the truncated fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-β-d: -glucanase.1,3-1,4-β-d: -glucanase has been widely used as a feed additive to help non-ruminant animals digest plant fibers, with potential in increasing nutrition turnover rate and reducing sanitary problems. engineering of enzymes for better thermostability is of great importance because it not only can broaden their industrial applications, but also facilitate exploring the mechanism of enzyme stability from structural point of view. to obtain enzyme with higher thermostability and specific activity, st ...201121959377
In vitro rumen fermentation and methane production are influenced by active components of essential oils combined with fumarate.Two trials were conducted to identify the optimal levels of essential oil active components (EOAC) and their combination with fumarate on in vitro rumen fermentation. In trial 1, eugenol, carvacrol, citral and cinnamaldehyde were mixed at ratios of 1:2:3:4, 2:1:4:3, 3:4:1:2, 4:3:2:1 and 1:1:1:1 to make up five combinations (EOAC1, EOAC2, EOAC3, EOAC4 and EOAC5 respectively). The mixtures were supplied at levels of 0, 50, 200 or 500 mg/l to identify the optimal combination for methane reduction. ...201121966888
graded requirement for the zygotic terminal gene, tailless, in the brain and tail region of the drosophila embryo.we have used hypomorphic and null tailless (tll) alleles to carry out a detailed analysis of the effects of the lack of tll gene activity on anterior and posterior regions of the embryo. the arrangement of tll alleles into a continuous series clarifies the relationship between the anterior and posterior functions of the tll gene and indicates that there is a graded sensitivity of anterior and posterior structures to a decrease in tll gene activity. with the deletion of both anterior and posterio ...20113168787
effect of incremental levels of fish oil supplementation on specific bacterial populations in bovine ruminal fluid.the objective of this study was to determine the effects of incremental replacement of dietary linoleic acid by >20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) on changes in population of ruminal micro-organisms associated with fibre digestion and biohydrogenation using real-time pcr of bacterial 16s rrna sequences. four beef steers with ruminal cannulas were randomly assigned to control (ck, 65:35 forage to concentrate), ck with 3% sunflower oil plus 1% fish oil (s3f1), 2.5% sunflower oil plus 1. ...201121198963
display of fibrobacter succinogenes ß-glucanase on the cell surface of lactobacillus reuteri.the aim of this study was to display a rumen bacterial ß-glucanase on the cell surface of a probiotic lactobacillus reuteri strain. the ß-glucan degrading ability and the adhesion capability of the genetically modified strain were evaluated. the ß-glucanase (glu) from fibrobacter succinogenes was fused to the c-terminus of collagen-binding protein (cnb) from l. reuteri and then expressed by l. reuteri pg4 as a recombinant cnb-glu-his(6) fusion protein. confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and ...201121302894
long-term defaunation increases the abundance of cellulolytic ruminococci and methanogens but does not affect the bacterial and methanogen diversity in the rumen of sheep.protozoa are commensal eukaryotes in the rumen of herbivores. protozoa are large producers of hydrogen, which is utilized by methanogenic archaea to produce methane, a greenhouse gas. the removal of protozoa from the rumen (defaunation) decreases methanogenesis, but also negatively affects fiber digestion, which is the main function of the rumen. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of long-term defaunation on the structure of the microbiota and particularly methanogenic archaea and f ...201121346137
effects of methanogenic inhibitors on methane production and abundances of methanogens and cellulolytic bacteria in in vitro ruminal cultures.the objective of this study was to systematically evaluate and compare the effects of select antimethanogen compounds on methane production, feed digestion and fermentation, and populations of ruminal bacteria and methanogens using in vitro cultures. seven compounds, including 2-bromoethanesulphonate (bes), propynoic acid (pa), nitroethane (ne), ethyl trans-2-butenoate (etb), 2-nitroethanol (2neoh), sodium nitrate (sn), and ethyl-2-butynote (eb), were tested at a final concentration of 12 mm. gr ...201121357427
the complete genome sequence of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 reveals a cellulolytic and metabolic specialist.fibrobacter succinogenes is an important member of the rumen microbial community that converts plant biomass into nutrients usable by its host. this bacterium, which is also one of only two cultivated species in its phylum, is an efficient and prolific degrader of cellulose. specifically, it has a particularly high activity against crystalline cellulose that requires close physical contact with this substrate. however, unlike other known cellulolytic microbes, it does not degrade cellulose using ...201121526192
effect of ruminal pulse dose of polyunsaturated fatty acids on ruminal microbial populations and duodenal flow and milk profiles of fatty acids.the objective of this study was to examine the effect of ruminal pulse dose of free linoleic acid (la) and free docosahexaenoic acid (dha) on microbial populations in the rumen, duodenal fatty acid (fa) flow, milk composition, and milk fa profiles of chinese holstein dairy cows. four rumen- and duodenal-fistulated chinese holstein cows in mid lactation (138.5±10d in milk) were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups and 1 control group in a 4×4 latin square design over 4 periods (3 wk per period ...201121605768
nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristic in swamp buffaloes fed on chemically treated rice straw and urea.the experiment was conducted to determine effects of urea-lime-treated rice straw and urea levels in concentrate on rumen fermentation, apparent nutrient digestibility, and cellulolytic bacteria population of 4-year-old, rumen-fistulated swamp buffaloes. all animals were randomly assigned according to a 2?×?2 factorial arrangement in a 4?×?4 latin square design to receive four dietary treatments: factor a, two sources of roughage (rice straw and 2%urea?+?2%lime-treated rice straw); factor b, two ...201121805305
effects of monolaurin on ruminal methanogens and selected bacterial species from cattle, as determined with the rumen simulation technique.before being able to implement effective ruminal methane mitigation strategies via feed supplementation, the assessment of side effects on ruminal fermentation and rumen microbial populations is indispensable. in this respect we investigated the effects of monolaurin, a methane-mitigating lipid, on methanogens and important carbohydrate-degrading bacteria present in ruminal fluid of dairy cattle in continuous culture employing the rumen simulation technique. in six experimental runs, each lastin ...201121787874
influence of urea-calcium mixtures as rumen slow-release feed on in vitro fermentation using a gas production technique.in this experiment the effects of different urea products (urea [u] and urea-calcium mixtures [ucm]) on rumen fermentation were investigated in dependence of different energy sources by using in vitro techniques. the 7 x 2 factorial arrangement followed a completely randomised design using seven urea products (u100, u40cacl2, u50cacl2, u60cacl2, u40caso4, u50caso4 and u60caso4) in combination with cassava chips (cc) or corn meal (cm). compared with other treatments, the cumulative gas production ...201121776840
populations of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen of sheep and the effect of diets and ruminal fractions.the objective of this study was to assess the importance of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen by quantifying their populations and the effect of diets and ruminal fractions. full-length 16s rrna gene (rrs) sequences were recovered from rumen samples using specific primers designed from partial sequences recovered previously. five uncultured bacterial operational taxonomic units (otus) were quantified using specific quantitative pcr (qpcr) in fractionated ruminal samples from s ...201121822435
Evidence for the possible involvement of Selenomonas ruminantium in rumen fiber digestion.Selenomonas ruminantium strains were isolated from sheep rumen, and their significance for fiber digestion was evaluated. Based on the phylogenetic classification, two clades of S. ruminantium (clades I and II) were proposed. Clade II is newly found, as it comprised only new isolates that were phylogenetically distant from the type strain, while all of the known isolates were grouped in the major clade I. More than half of clade I isolates displayed CMCase activity with no relation to the degree ...201122092507
Responses in digestion, rumen fermentation and microbial populations to inhibition of methane formation by a halogenated methane analogue.The effects of the anti-methanogenic compound, bromochloromethane (BCM), on rumen microbial fermentation and ecology were examined in vivo. Japanese goats were fed a diet of 50 % Timothy grass and 50 % concentrate and then sequentially adapted to low, mid and high doses of BCM. The goats were placed into the respiration chambers for analysis of rumen microbial function and methane and H2 production. The levels of methane production were reduced by 5, 71 and 91 %, and H2 production was estimated ...201122059589
functional annotation of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 carbohydrate active enzymes.fibrobacter succinogenes is a cellulolytic bacterium that degrades plant cell wall biomass in ruminant animals and is among the most rapidly fibrolytic of all mesophilic bacteria. the complete genome sequence of fisuc was completed by the doe joint genome institute in late 2009. using new expression tools developed at lucigen and c5-6 technologies and a multi-substrate screen, 5,760 random shotgun expression clones were screened for biomass-degrading enzymes, representing 2× genome expression co ...201120803100
mining dictyoglomus turgidum for enzymatically active carbohydrases.the genome of dictyoglomus turgidum was sequenced and analyzed for carbohydrases. the broad range of carbohydrate substrate utilization is reflected in the high number of glycosyl hydrolases, 54, and the high percentage of cazymes present in the genome, 3.09% of its total genes. screening a random clone library generated from d. turgidum resulted in the discovery of five novel biomass-degrading enzymes with low homology to known molecules. whole genome sequencing of the organism followed by bioi ...201120635162
adenocarcinoma metastatic to the mandibular condyle.two cases of metastatic lesions presenting in the mandibular condyle as temporo-mandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome are presented with a discussion on the mechanisms of tumour metastases to bone.20113165389
pepsinogen secretion from perifused frog peptic glands: rapid transients detected with a modified pepsin assay.in order to define the early transient responses of peptic cells to stimulation, we have modified the acidified hemoglobin substrate digestion method for pepsin to provide a very sensitive, linear (10-250 ng/ml), reproducible, inexpensive (less than 3 cents/sample) and simple semi-automated assay. using a specially designed perifusion chamber, this method was used to accurately measure secretion at 1 min intervals from approximately 3 mg of isolated peptic glands from the esophageal peptic organ ...20113126374
plasma nitroglycerin levels, blood pressure and apical heart rate variations to site of application of nitroglycerin ointment.the purpose of this study was to observe changes in plasma nitroglycerin levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and apical heart rate after the administration of nitroglycerin ointment to selected sites. the sample consisted of 15 subjects with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease. the four application sites used were the fifth intercostal space of the left anterior chest, medial aspect of the left upper arm, medial aspect of the left thigh, and medial aspect of the left lower leg. the ...20113147433
drop of the weak stuff. 20113139240
relationship of histologic grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) to tumor size, and demonstration of tumor cells of multiple different grades in single small hcc.the histologic features of 65 surgically resected cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) were studied, and the cellular differentiation was graded from i to iv according to edmondson-steiner's classification. hcc cells of 2 or more grades were seen in 31 (47.7%) of the 65 cases. there was no significant difference in the proportion of hcc composed of tumor cells of more than one histologic grade between hccs with association with liver cirrhosis and without cirrhosis. among these 31 cases, extr ...20113033422
[varices caused by ostial insufficiency of the internal saphenous vein]. 20113222322
an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis. 20113271361
[clinical aspects of primary cancer of the liver. study based on 92 cases]. 20114313881
[chronic ventilation in the netherlands]. 20113126405
glomerular electron-dense deposits in childhood iga nephropathy.an electron-microscopic study of the glomeruli was made on 154 children with iga nephropathy and no evidence of systemic disease, in whom immunofluorescence microscopy had shown diffuse mesangial deposition of iga. mesangial deposits were observed in all but eight children. subepithelial deposits were observed in 40 children and were almost always accompanied by both mesangial and subendothelial deposits. subepithelial deposits were significantly associated with more severe clinical presentation ...20113158115
[rapid decisions in the situation of dichotic choice: an integrated approach which takes into account onset snd execution of the response]. 20123502909
the microcirculatory society eugene m. landis award lecture. capillaries and cowboys. 20123302620
corneal transplantation using 4-week banked donor material. long-term results.thirty-six corneal transplantations employing banked donor material maintained during prolonged storage (mean: 29.5 days) in organ culture at 31 degrees c were followed for 5 years. the overall graft survival was 80% , and graft failures were almost exclusively found in a pre-operatively defined risk group where the survival rate was 49.6% compared with 95.5% in the non-risk group. five years after transplantation the mean central thickness of surviving grafts was 0.52 mm and the mean endothelia ...20123303817
[fixation in surgical orthodontics]. 20123463488
effects of disodium fumarate on ruminal fermentation and microbial communities in sheep fed on high-forage diets.this study was conducted to investigate effects of disodium fumarate (df) on fermentation characteristics and microbial populations in the rumen of hu sheep fed on high-forage diets. two complementary feeding trials were conducted. in trial 1, six hu sheep fitted with ruminal cannulae were randomly allocated to a 2 × 2 cross-over design involving dietary treatments of either 0 or 20 g df daily. total dna was extracted from the fluid- and solid-associated rumen microbes, respectively. numbers of ...201222558929
use of prevotella bryantii 25a and a commercial probiotic during subacute acidosis challenge in midlactation dairy cows.the objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of prevotella bryantii 25a as a probiotic during a subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) challenge using a commercial probiotic as a positive control. six multiparous ruminally fistulated cows (bw=685 ± 65 kg; (mean ± sd) in the mid-phase of lactation (70 to 148 dim) received the following treatments in a replicated 3×3 latin square design: (1) total mixed ration (tmr; control, con), (2) tmr + 2g/head per day of a probiotic combination of ente ...201222901468
engineering escherichia coli for succinate production from hemicellulose via consolidated bioprocessing.the recalcitrant nature of hemicellulosic materials and the high cost in depolymerization are the primary obstacles preventing the use of xylan as feedstock for fuel and chemical production. consolidated bioprocessing, incorporating enzyme-generating, biomass-degrading and bioproduct-producing capabilities into a single microorganism, could potentially avoid the cost of the dedicated enzyme generation in the process of xylan utilization. in this study, we engineered escherichia coli strains capa ...201222455836
effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme application on the microbial attachment and digestion of barley straw in vitro.the effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (efe; a mixture of two preparations from trichoderma spp., with predominant xylanase and β-glucanase activities, respectively) on colonization and digestion of ground barley straw and alfalfa hay by fibrobacter succinogenes s85 and ruminococcus flavefaciens fd1 were studied in vitro. the two levels (28 and 280 μg/ml) of efe tested and both bacteria were effective at digesting ndf of hay and straw. with both substrates, more ndf hydrolysis (p<0.01) was ...201225049480
effect of phenotypic residual feed intake and dietary forage content on the rumen microbial community of beef cattle.feed-efficient animals have lower production costs and reduced environmental impact. given that rumen microbial fermentation plays a pivotal role in host nutrition, the premise that rumen microbiota may contribute to host feed efficiency is gaining momentum. since diet is a major factor in determining rumen community structure and fermentation patterns, we investigated the effect of divergence in phenotypic residual feed intake (rfi) on ruminal community structure of beef cattle across two contr ...201222562991
characterization of rumen bacterial diversity and fermentation parameters in concentrate fed cattle with and without forage.to determine the effects of the removal of forage in high-concentrate diets on rumen fermentation conditions and rumen bacterial populations using culture-independent methods.201222533638
effects of essential oils on methane production and fermentation by, and abundance and diversity of, rumen microbial populations.five essential oils (eos), namely, clove oil (clo), eucalyptus oil (euo), garlic oil (gao), origanum oil (oro), and peppermint oil (peo), were tested in vitro at 3 different doses (0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 g/liter) for their effect on methane production, fermentation, and select groups of ruminal microbes, including total bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, archaea, and protozoa. all the eos significantly reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 34.4%, 17.6%, 42.3%, 87%, and ...201222492451
reducing methane emissions and the methanogen population in the rumen of tibetan sheep by dietary supplementation with coconut oil.the objective was to evaluate the effect of dietary coconut oil on methane (ch(4)) emissions and the microbial community in tibetan sheep. twelve animals were assigned to receive either a control diet (oaten hay) or a mixture diet containing concentrate (maize meal), in which coconut oil was supplemented at 12 g/day or not for a period of 4 weeks. ch(4) emissions were measured by using the 'tunnel' technique, and microbial communities were examined using quantitative real-time pcr. daily ch(4) p ...201222367716
a fibrolytic enzyme additive for lactating holstein cow diets: ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, and enteric methane emissions.the objective was to determine if supplementing a dairy cow diet with an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme additive (econase rde; ab vista, marlborough, wiltshire, uk) altered fermentation, ph, and microbial populations in the rumen or enteric methane (ch(4)) emissions. in a companion study, this enzyme additive improved efficiency of fat-corrected milk production in a dose-dependent manner by up to 11% for early lactation dairy cows. nine ruminally cannulated, lactating holstein cows were used in a r ...201222365224
ruminal fermentation and microbial ecology of buffaloes and cattle fed the same diet.although buffaloes and cattle are ruminants, their digestive capabilities and rumen microbial compositions are considered to be different. the purpose of this study was to compare the rumen microbial ecology of crossbred water buffaloes and cattle that were fed the same diet. cattle exhibited a higher fermentation rate than buffaloes. methane production and methanogen density were lower in buffaloes. phylogenetic analysis of fibrobacter succinogenes-specific 16s ribosomal rna gene clone library ...201223216542
postprandial changes of fiber-degrading microbes in the rumen of sheep fed diets varying in type of forage as monitored by real-time pcr and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis.four ruminally cannulated sheep were used in a crossover design to assess the postprandial changes of fiber-degrading microbes in the solid phase of the rumen of sheep fed 2 high-forage diets. the diets had forage:concentrate ratio of 70:30 (dm basis) and either alfalfa (medicago sativa) hay (al) or grass hay (gr) as forage (for). sheep were fed twice daily, and samples from solid rumen digesta were taken at 0, 4, and 8 h after the morning feeding. postprandial changes of dna concentrations of a ...201223100580
engineering of dual-functional hybrid glucanases.1,3-1,4-β-d-glucanase (lichenase) and 1,3-β-d-glucanase (laminarinase) are fibrolytic enzymes which play an important role in the hydrolysis of polysaccharide components. both of these glucanases have been employed in a number of industrial applications. this study aims to improve or combine the novel properties of both glucanases in an attempt to create desirable hybrid enzymes with economic benefits for industrial applications. a truncated and mutated 1,3-1,4-β-d-glucanase gene (tfs(w203f)) fr ...201223081838
use of bean husk as an easily digestible fiber source for activating the fibrolytic rumen bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes and rice straw digestion.a series of in sacco and in vitro studies were carried out to evaluate bean husks for activation of fibrolytic rumen bacteria and rice straw digestion. first, lablab bean husk, chickpea husk and rice straw were suspended in the rumen of sheep to analyze the bacterial consortium developed on each fiber source. known members of fiber-associating bacteria were found on both lablab bean husk and rice straw, but some of these bacteria were lacking on chickpea husk. second, a pure culture study was ca ...201223035709
quantitative comparisons of select cultured and uncultured microbial populations in the rumen of cattle fed different diets. 201222958370
effects of quillaja and yucca saponins on communities and select populations of rumen bacteria and archaea, and fermentation in vitro.the objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate quillaja (qsp) and yucca saponin (ysp) products with respect to their effects on diversity of rumen bacteria and archaea, abundance of selected microbes, and feed degradability and fermentation.201222925153
screening of a xylanase clone from a fosmid library of rumen microbiota in hu sheep.the glycosyl hydrolase family 11, which is responsible for carbohydrate metabolism, was identified in the open reading frame (orf) 6 of a xylanase positive clone from a fosmid library of rumen microbiota of hu sheep. a blastp search of genbank revealed that orf6 encoded a 355-amino acid putative endoxylanase, having 61% similarity (e(-73)) to endo-1,4-β-xylanase of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 (yp_003250510.1). predicted with the swiss-model, there were two separate β-sandwich clusters linked wi ...201222870871
involvement of recently cultured group u2 bacterium in ruminal fiber digestion revealed by coculture with fibrobacter succinogenes s85.in a previous study, we reported the ecological significance of uncultured bacterial group u2 in the rumen. in this study, the involvement of a recently cultured group u2 bacterium, strain r-25, in fiber digestion was tested in coculture with the fibrolytic bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes s85. dry matter (dm) digestion, growth and metabolites were examined in culture using rice straw as the carbon source. although strain r-25 did not digest rice straw in monoculture, coculture of strain r-25 ...201222849722
effects of protein level and mangosteen peel pellets (mago-pel) in concentrate diets on rumen fermentation and milk production in lactating dairy crossbreds.four, lactating dairy crossbreds (50%×50% holstein friesian×native zebu cattle) were randomly assigned according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement (two protein levels and two levels of mangosteen peel pellets (mago-pel)) in a 4×4 latin square design to receive four dietary treatments. all cows received concentrate at a proportion of 1 kg concentrate per 2 kg of milk yield, and urea-treated 5% rice straw (utrs) was given ad libitum. it was found that total dry matter intakes, nutrient digestibility, ...201225049652
effect of disodium fumarate on microbial abundance, ruminal fermentation and methane emission in goats under different forage: concentrate ratios.this study investigated the effects of disodium fumarate (df) on methane emission, ruminal fermentation and microbial abundance in goats under different forage (f) : concentrate (c) ratios and fed according to maintenance requirements. four ruminally fistulated, castrated male goats were used in a 4 × 4 latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments and the main factors being the f : c ratios (41 : 59 or 58 : 42) and df supplementation (0 or 10 g/day). df reduced methane pr ...201222717128
[planned extracapsular cataract extraction using a bimanual irrigation-aspiration system]. 20124093098
depression in spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity occurs during hemodialysis.nk activity against k 562 target cells and the percentage of hnk-1+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood were evaluated in 24 patients on maintenance hemodialysis prior to and during post hemodialysis session. no difference was found in the nk activity of these patients before hemodialysis and normal subjects. on the other hand patients had a decreased number of hnk-1+ cells. during hemodialysis, the nk activity as well as the hnk-1+ cell count decreased. no correlation was found between these parame ...20123608252
typical and atypical resection techniques of hepatic metastases. 20123526467
a pathology textbook of 1838: g. freckleton, outlines of general pathology. 20123545987
synthesis and analgesic effect of n-substituted 5-arylidene-6-methyl-3-(4h)-pyridazinones. 20123416373
transcatheter intracavitary fibrinolysis of infected extravascular hematomas. 20123492117
primary sex determination in the nematode c. elegans.most nematodes have xo male/xx female sex determination. c. elegans is anomalous, having xx hermaphrodites rather than females. the hermaphrodite condition appears to result from the modification of a basic male/female sex-determination system, which permits both spermatogenesis and oogenesis to occur within a female soma. this modification is achieved by a germ-line-specific control acting at one step in a cascade of autosomal regulatory genes, which respond to x-chromosome dosage and direct ma ...20123503722
cemented total hip arthroplasty with contemporary techniques. a five-year minimum follow-up study.a retrospective clinical and roentgenographic review was performed on 251 consecutive cemented total hip arthroplasties (tha) performed from 1978 to 1980 that had been followed a minimum of five years (range, five to seven years). all arthroplasties involved the use of a harris design ii femoral stem, an intramedullary plug, a cement gun, and pulsatile lavage of both the acetabulum and the femoral canal. at the final follow-up examination, 98% of the patients had excellent results. the average h ...20123416521
[complicated dislocation of the 3d lumbar vertebra]. 20123438074
[corneal findings in aphakia with contact lenses, contact lens care agents and drugs]. 20124093095
sunburn in children in the west of scotland.leaving babies and young children out in the sun during periods of unexpected exceptionally fine weather resulted in 142 children being treated for sunburn in the royal hospital for sick children in glasgow over a 6-year period. care-givers should be warned of the potential hazards of overexposure to sunshine.20123370521
unapproved use of minoxidil. 20124092903
[the use of flavor profile analysis for optimization of gustatory characteristics in formulated foods]. 20123270400
[thrombolytic therapy with urokinase in 8 patients with massive pulmonary thromboembolism].eight patients with massive pulmonary thromboembolism documented by angiography were treated with urokinase (uk) 4.400 iu/kg/hr for 12 hours. uk i.v. infusion was started immediately after angiographic evaluation (miller index) and was followed by anticoagulant therapy with heparin and sodium warfarin. all patients survived even though 4 pts. were in shock before treatment. significant reduction of pulmonary obstruction (reduction of miller index) was obtained in 7 patients with 48 hours from wi ...20124092913
Effects of nitrate on methane production, fermentation, and microbial populations in in vitro ruminal cultures.The objective of this study was to examine the effects of nitrate on methane production, important fermentation characteristics, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, total bacteria, and methanogens using in vitro ruminal cultures. Potential adaptation of the above microbes and persistency of nitrate to mitigate CH4 production were also evaluated. Methane production was reduced by 70% at 12 µmol ml(-1) and nearly completely at =24 µmol ml(-1) nitrate. Productio ...201222047657
bean husks as a supplemental fiber for ruminants: potential use for activation of fibrolytic rumen bacteria to improve main forage digestion.this study evaluated the suitability of easily digested fiber sources as a supplemental fiber to improve overall fiber digestion in ruminants. first, the degradation of five fibrous feedstuffs and the stimulatory effects on rumen bacteria were examined in situ. chickpea and lablab bean husks were selected for their potential use due to their large degradable fraction (> 94%), which had a stimulatory effect on fibrolytic rumen bacteria such as fibrobacter succinogenes. second, a possible improvem ...201222250738
in situ identification of carboxymethyl cellulose-digesting bacteria in the rumen of cattle fed alfalfa or triticale.a method was developed and used to arrest and stain reducing sugars (glucose) produced by bacteria with cell-surface-associated carboxymethyl cellulase (cmcase) and endoglucanase activities (cmc bacteria) in the rumen of cows fed alfalfa or triticale. precipitation of silver oxide on the surface of individual cells was observed using cellulolytic bacterial pure cultures with known cmcase activity and rumen mixed cultures. the cmc bacteria in the liquid and solid fractions of the rumen digesta we ...201222224860
the fibrobacteres: an important phylum of cellulose-degrading bacteria.the phylum fibrobacteres currently comprises one formal genus, fibrobacter, and two cultured species, fibrobacter succinogenes and fibrobacter intestinalis, that are recognised as major bacterial degraders of lignocellulosic material in the herbivore gut. historically, members of the genus fibrobacter were thought to only occupy mammalian intestinal tracts. however, recent 16s rrna gene-targeted molecular approaches have demonstrated that novel centres of variation within the genus fibrobacter a ...201222213055
[subcutaneous rupture of tendons and muscles of the extremities].under study there were 278 patients with 285 subcutaneous ruptures of tendons and muscles of the upper and lower extremities. the tendon of the long head of the humeral biceps muscle and achilles tendon are most liable to subcutaneous ruptures (123 patients--43.2% and 97 patients--34% respectively). pathohistological examinations have shown that subcutaneous ruptures of tendons and muscles usually take place against the background of dystrophic alterations reducing their mechanical strength. the ...20123303625
[a case from practice (100). patient: mr. a.d., born 4-1-1961, construction worker]. 20123441718
amino acid analysis: a fall-off in performance. 20123429525
cancer, stress and personality: a correlational investigation of life-events, repression-sensitization and locus of control.this study investigated the hypothesis that stress-inducing life experiences and the personality factors of external locus of control and tendency to repress emotion are relevant in the aetiology of cancer. fifty cancer patients scored higher than 50 matched controls on a life-events scale (especially negative events), but were found to be lower on repression of emotion. there was no difference between groups on locus of control.20123401426
handlight retroillumination in hotv visual acuity testing. 20134062629
sodium valproate "encephalopathy": report of three cases with generalised epilepsy.a report of 3 cases of sodium valproate "encephalopathy". the addition of valproate to the treatment in 3 subjects, two adults and one child, all with generalised epilepsy, induced a worsening of the clinical and eeg pattern and in one case disturbances of vigilance as well. the occurrence of this complication in generalised epilepsy and the possibility that eeg alterations are its only manifestation are emphasised.20133922913
movement of retinal terminals in goldfish optic tectum predicted by analysis of neuronal proliferation.quantitative, computer-assisted autoradiography was used to assess the relative rate and pattern of growth of retina and tectum in larval and early juvenile goldfish. 3h-thymidine was used to mark the boundary of retina and tectum, and the location of this boundary was charted as the eye and brain grew and added more cells. the pattern of growth is at all times discordant. the original (larval) retina becomes surrounded by annuli of new tissue, whereas the larval tectum remains adjacent to the r ...20133746418
evaluating a geriatrics program in an acute-care hospital. 20133623140
[realities in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma in clinical and general practice].in 100 patients with lung cancer the diagnostic procedure, results of clinical staging and therapeutic sequelae were analysed retrospectively and compared to a similar group of patients 10 years previously. during the 10 years' interval there was a remarkable shortening of the time between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis, from 20 weeks to the present 10 weeks. despite this acceleration the number of patients undergoing curative surgical resection increased only from 15 to 17%. inoperabil ...20133672088
high-density lipoprotein turnover.high-density lipoprotein (hdl) metabolism has been reviewed from information derived from turnover studies in humans. the two major hdl apoproteins ai and aii have different removal rates, reflecting the faster catabolism of hdl2 than of hdl3. this is caused by the continual cycle of formation of hdl2 from hdl3 and its reversion to hdl3, in response to the need to transport cholesterol and other lipids from extrahepatic cells and catabolized triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. the conversion of hdl2 ...20133544764
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