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[higher fatty acid composition of the intraspecific taxa of francisella tularensis].the higher fatty acid composition of 27 f. tularensis strains differing in their biological properties and belonging to different intraspecific taxons has been determined with the use of gas and liquid chromatography. all the strains under study have been found to possess similar fatty acid spectra, characterized by the presence of long straight-chain fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) with the number of carbon atoms varying from 10 to 26. quantitative differences content of individual fatt ...19836659760
[comparative study of the basic immunological reactions for assessing tularemia immunity in inoculated persons or those who have had the disease].in the comparative study of immunological tests used for the determination of immunity to tularemia in vaccinees the greatest number of persons with the positive reaction was detected by means of the tularine skin test. former tularemia patients retained allergic skin reaction to this test irrespective of the time of the disease.19836659772
tularaemia transmitted by ticks (dermacentor andersoni) in saskatchewan.common wood ticks (dermacentor andersoni) collected from saskatchewan landing provincial park, saskatchewan in the spring of 1982 transmitted a lethal tularaemia infection to four of six rabbits. francisella tularensis organisms were isolated from tissues taken from the dead rabbits and identified from subcultures using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay. one human associated with the animals developed symptoms of tularaemia and, after successful therapy, had a significant increase in ...19836667429
tularemia pneumonia mimicking legionnaires' disease: isolation of organism on cye agar and successful treatment with erythromycin.a 46-year-old man showed a clinical response when treated with parenteral erythromycin for what was initially thought to be legionnaires' disease, but an organism isolated from his pleural fluid on cye agar was subsequently identified as francisella tularensis. tularemia should be suspected in all cases of atypical pneumonia in the appropriate setting. erythromycin may be effective empiric therapy in such cases. because of the possibility of inadvertent isolation of francisella tularensis on cye ...19836612398
[the effect of aerosolization on the changes in major biological properties of the vaccine strain of francisella tularensis].the exposure of f. tularensis vaccine strain 15/10 in the form of aerosol for more than 10 minutes results in the decrease of its virulence, immunogenicity and the content of species-specific antigen and in the increase of the dissociation level. proceeding from this fact, during aerosol immunization with this vaccine strain exposure must not exceed 5 minutes for unstabilized aerosol and 10 minutes for aerosol stabilized with 5% glycerin. under these conditions the properties of f. tularensis st ...19836613417
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with bacterial sonicate antigen for igm, iga, and igg antibodies to francisella tularensis: comparison with bacterial agglutination test and elisa with lipopolysaccharide antigen.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with bacterial sonicate (s) as antigen developed for determining the presence of igm, iga, and igg antibodies to francisella tularensis was compared with the bacterial agglutination (ba) test and a corresponding elisa using lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigen. of the organisms tested, f tularensis was the only one to cause significant inhibition, indicating the specificity of the s-elisa. ba test titers correlated significantly with antibody levels in al ...19836631062
[culture properties of the causative agent of tularemia isolated in natural foci in stavropol territory, the kalmyk assr and the armenian ssr].the strains isolated in natural foci of the stavropol territory and the armenian ssr have been found to belong to the holarctic race of francisella tularensis, biovar ii. in natural foci of the kalmyk assr the strains belonging to biovars i and ii have been isolated. the study of the tularecinogenicity of the cultures has revealed the existence of strains which are not sensitive to their own tularecins. the phenomenon of tularecinogenicity in f. novocida has been established. avirulent strain 31 ...19836220538
[time course of the production of immunoglobulins in patients with tularemia]. 19846748218
tularemia with unusual laboratory characteristics in south dakota children. 19846589779
[results of the study of bird droppings collected in the lithuanian ssr for the purpose of searching out tularemia epizootics].there are practically no records of cases of tularemia among humans in the lithuanian ssr. nevertheless, the mass sero-allergic survey of the population for tularemia, carried out 10-12 years ago, showed that 2.3% of the adult population in the republic had had contacts with the causative agent of this infection. the work was aimed at the determination of the present activity of the foci of tularemia. during 6 years in 22 rural districts 2582 samples of avian excrements, containing bones and woo ...19846711197
[antibody dynamics of carnivorous mammals and corvine birds infected with francisella tularensis].the time course of antibody formation in carnivorous mammals and corvine birds infected with a single injection of f. tularensis has been experimentally studied in the agglutination test and the passive hemagglutination test. in carnivorous mammals the allergic transformation of the body has been established by means of the leukocytolysis test.19846741361
[use of an immunoenzyme method on a solid-phase carrier for determining the tularemia antigen].the method of the highly sensitive (up to 10 ng/ml) and specific determination of soluble tularemia antigen, based on the use of "sandwich" type elisa techniques, has been developed. the dependence of the specificity and sensitivity of the method on the degree of purification of antibodies and their peroxidase conjugates used in the assay has been studied. the study has revealed that the best results can be obtained with the use of purified igg and its conjugate free of unbound peroxidase. both ...19846741370
a monoclonal antibody specific for the a antigen of brucella spp.two murine monoclonal antibodies of the igg3 class have been isolated after immunization with brucella abortus. an indirect immunofluorescence test was used to screen hybridoma supernatants and subsequently to determine the cross-reactivity of the monoclonal antibodies with other bacteria. one monoclonal antibody reacted with all the smooth brucella biotypes tried and with yersinia enterocolitica serogroup 0:9, though not with rough br. ovis or with strains of escherichia, proteus, salmonella, p ...19846438272
persistence of francisella tularensis mccoy et chapin tularemia agent in the organism of highly sensitive rodents after oral infection.in the literature there are no data on the possibility of obtaining in experiment non-fatal tularemia infection (persistence) in rodents highly sensitive to it (group i) when using highly virulent strains circulating in nature for infection by natural routes. our detailed experiments on 1483 adult voles microtus rossiaemeridionalis ogn. (syn. m. subarvalis meyer et al.) of laboratory origin using virulent strains of francisella tularensis holarctica ols. et meshch. and natural alimentary infecti ...19846396330
[new developments in the study of natural tularemia foci in the ussr]. 19846397015
serologic studies on brucellosis, leptospirosis and tularemia in moose (alces alces) in quebec.blood samples were obtained from 208 moose in la vérendrye and matane reserves and in laurentides park, quebec, canada. sera were tested for antibodies to brucella abortus, leptospira interrogans serovar ballum, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona, and francisella tularensis. fifteen sera contained evidence of prior exposure to f. tularensis. only one animal was a seroreactor to l. interrogans serovar grippotyphosa and none of them had antibodies to b. abortus.19846429355
outbreak of tick-borne tularemia--south dakota. 19846434937
[determination of tularemia antibodies by an immunoenzyme method on a solid-phase carrier (elisa)].elisa "sandwich" techniques have been developed and the optimum assay conditions for detecting specific antibodies in human serum samples have been determined. the possibility of using these techniques for the determination of the level of antibodies to tularemia antigens in the sera of persons immunized with live tularemia vaccine has been shown. statistically significant differences in the level of antibodies to tularemia antigen in the sera of immunized and nonimmunized persons have been esta ...19846377770
a wild and an attenuated strain of francisella tularensis differ in susceptibility to hypochlorous acid: a possible explanation of their different handling by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.we have previously reported that a wild strain of francisella tularensis is much less efficiently killed by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes than is an attenuated strain. in the present study, the killing of the attenuated strain was found to be strictly oxygen dependent. the wild and the attenuated strains both induced a respiratory burst in the leukocytes. the difference between the strains in susceptibility to agents produced at the burst could be explained by a difference in susceptibility ...19846319290
an endemic case of tularemia in the mountain hare (lepus timidus) on the island of stora karlsö.in september 1983, an epizootic of unknown cause broke out among the mountain hares on the island of stora karlsö, which is located outside the coast of gotland. one hare was sent in the national veterinary institute for post-mortem examination. the hare showed lesions in liver, spleen, and bone-marrow typical for tularemia. the specimens were positive for francisella tularensis with fluorescent-antibody test. tularemia has not been observed earlier in this part of sweden. it is supposed that th ...19846393050
antigen from francisella tularensis: nonidentity between determinants participating in cell-mediated and humoral reactions.after tularemia vaccinations, most individuals respond with cell-mediated and humoral immunity as disclosed by the lymphocyte stimulation test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), respectively. there is, however, no correlation between the magnitudes of the two responses, and some individuals show one of the responses only. we now report that the two responses are directed towards different antigenic determinants of the bacterium. ether-water extraction of the live vaccine strain of fr ...19846203835
effects of streptococcus pneumoniae, salmonella typhimurium and francisella tularensis infections on oxidative, glycolytic and lysosomal enzyme activity in red and white skeletal muscle in the rat.since opinions differ as to whether the oxidative and glycolytic capabilities of skeletal muscle are altered in acute infection, enzyme activities in oxidative, glycolytic and degradative (acid hydrolases) pathways and total protein and dna were determined in skeletal muscle of rats infected with streptococcus pneumoniae, salmonella typhimurium or francisella tularensis. studies were performed separately in red (slow twitch) and white (fast twitch) muscle tissue because these fibers function dur ...19846320357
isolation of francisella tularensis and powassan virus from ticks (acari: ixodidae) in ontario, canada. 19846327984
[focal nature of tularemia along the course of the irtysh-karaganda canal].the results of the epizootological survey of the track of the irtysh-karaganda canal for tularemia for the period of 1971-1982 are presented. out of 928 fecal samples from mouse-hunting birds, 16 contained the specific antigen. from arctic shrews a strain of francisella tularensis was isolated.19846240873
[tularemia on the kola peninsula].in 1982 francisella tularensis was isolated for the first time on the kola peninsula from rodents caught in the environs of kirovsk and nickel. this fact confirmed the suggestion concerning the existence of the natural foci of tularemia on the kola peninsula.19846241403
[nutrient requirements of francisella tularensis]. 19846464571
a family outbreak of tularemia.a family cluster of tularemia is described. in a family of three members different clinical type of the disease occurred after having been exposed to a sick wild hare. from the hare kidney francisella tularensis type 1 was isolated. pneumonic, typhoid-like tularemia occurred in the father who inhaled hare skin hairs and an ulceroglandular form in the mother and in the child who had direct contact with the animal.19853842118
[effect of delayed hypersensitivity due to staphylococcus or bcg vaccine on the sensitivity of animals to infection with heterologous bacteria or influenza virus].experiments on mice of different strains have demonstrated that sensitization with bcg vaccine slightly increases resistance to infection with francisella tularensis, escherichia coli 819 and influenza a2 virus in mice of those strains which are capable of developing a high level of delayed hypersensitivity (dh). on the contrary, sensitization with staphylococcus aureus b-243 decreases this resistance. a sharp increase in resistance to infection has been achieved in sensitized animals receiving ...19853901628
the diagnostic utility of the febrile agglutinin tests.the purpose of our study was to analyze the use of febrile agglutinin (fa) serologic tests in the diagnosis of salmonella (typhi and paratyphi), rickettsia, brucella, and francisella infections. data were collected in a retrospective chart study of 202 titer requests covering a 42-month period at our teaching hospital. we found that no diagnoses were made by utilizing complete six-antigen fa panels. three cases of infection were diagnosed serologically, all three with more discriminately selecte ...19853927019
weight reduction of thymus and depletion of lymphocytes of t-dependent areas in peripheral lymphoid tissues of mice infected with francisella tularensis.when balb/c mice (young and adult animals of both sexes) were infected intraperitoneally with 10(3) viable cells of francisella tularensis (10(2) 50% lethal dose), all mice in these groups died on day 4. reductions in thymus weights and in numbers of thymic cortex lymphocytes were observed in all the groups, but the decline was not so severe in the young females. increases of plasma corticosterone in the adult males began 1 day after infection, but in the young females, the levels did not increa ...19853875562
interleukin 2 production in whole blood culture: a rapid test of immunity to francisella tularensis.the measurement of interleukin 2 from antigen-stimulated whole blood culture supernatants was used to detect cell-mediated immunity in subjects sensitized against francisella tularensis. the amount of interleukin 2 produced differentiated a positive immune reaction sensitively and reliably in a 24-h culture. whole blood culturing is an easy method for producing interleukin 2.19853875626
tularemia: a 30-year experience with 88 cases.drawing upon our experience with 88 cases and a survey of the english literature, we reviewed the clinical, pathophysiological, and epidemiological aspects of tularemia. tularemia can be thought of as two syndromes--ulceroglandular and typhoidal. this dichotomy simplifies earlier nomenclature and emphasizes the obscure typhoidal presentation. clinical manifestations suggest that the two syndromes reflect differences in host response. in ulceroglandular tularemia the pathogen appears to be well c ...19853892222
[effect of a live tularemia vaccine on chemical mutagenesis in white rats].the influence of immunization with tularemic live dry vaccine applied singularly to wistar rats skin on mutagenicity induced by cyclophosphamide, methylnitrosourea, benzo (a) pyrene, chloroprene and tetrachlorbutane was studied. the chemical compounds indicated were injected intraperitoneally at doses equal to one fifth of ld50 in 15 days after vaccination. the same doses of these chemicals were applied to intact rats (controls). metaphase plates were prepared from rat bone marrows by known meth ...19853840760
response of tularemic meningitis to antimicrobial therapy.a 60-year-old man had pyogenic meningitis due to francisella tularensis acquired by tick bite. his disease initially improved but later relapsed after a standard course of streptomycin. complete resolution resulted from prolonged combined therapy with streptomycin and tetracycline. successful treatment of acute tularemic meningitis has not previously been reported. our experience suggests that therapy should include agents that reliably penetrate the csf, that is, tetracycline or chloramphenicol ...19853975716
[effect of immunization with tularemia vaccine on 3,4-benz[a]pyrene-induced blastomogenesis and mutagenesis in rats].the living tularemia vaccine is studied for its effect on rat tumours and chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells during 3,4-benz(a)pyrene injection (bp). it is established that a single epicutaneous vaccination of rats decreases the incidence of bp-induced tumours, prolongs the latent period and reduces the mean weight of tumours as well as lowers the number of myelocaryocytes with chromosome aberrations when bp is administered 15 days after immunization. 125 days after a single subcutaneou ...19853979338
oculoglandular syndrome caused by francisella tularensis.oculoglandular syndrome developed in a 9-year-old boy with a recent history of tick bites and minor eye trauma. francisella tularensis was isolated on chemically supplemented chocolate agar from a swab of a conjunctival ulcer and an aspirate of a preauricular lymph node, confirming the diagnosis of tularemia. in addition, a rise in agglutination titer to the pathogen was detected in paired sera. the differential diagnosis of oculoglandular syndrome is discussed, with emphasis on the clinical cha ...19854017402
[experimental multifactorial study of the effect of doxycycline and glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide on the primary immunologic response to antigens of a tularemia vaccine strain].the effect of the combined use of doxycycline and glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (gmdp) on the primary immune response to antigens of tularemia vaccine was studied on cba male mice with the use of the multifactorial design of experiment. antibodies to the blood serum of the immunized animals were determined by the passive hemagglutination test with the use of the tularemia antigen diagnosticum. the delayed type hypersensitivity was estimated by changes in the weight of the extremities of the expe ...19854026257
antimicrobial susceptibility testing of francisella tularensis with a modified mueller-hinton broth.a modified mueller-hinton broth was developed to perform antimicrobial susceptibility tests on francisella tularensis. adequate growth of the organism was obtained within 24 h of inoculation, and mics could be read at that time. we tested 15 selected strains of f. tularensis and five reference quality control strains in this medium with 36 antimicrobial agents. the mics of the aminoglycosides and tetracycline increased 1 to 3 dilutions in this medium compared with those in the usual medium, but ...19854031036
humoral immunity against francisella tularensis after natural infection.forty-two subjects with acute tularemia were studied for the occurrence of c-reactive protein (crp), and 73 subjects with acute tularemia or experience of the disease within the last 11 years were studied for immunoglobulin m (igm), iga, and igg class-specific antibodies, agglutinating antibodies, and complement-fixing antibodies to francisella tularensis by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the tube agglutination test, and a complement-fixing elisa. the incubation time between ...19854066925
[effect of immunization with live tularemia vaccine on the growth of various tumor strains in rats].the paper deals with a study of the effect of a single challenge with living tularemia vaccine on the growth of such transplantable tumors as zajdela's hepatoma, pliss' lymphosarcoma, walker's carcinosarcoma, schwetz' erythromyelosis and sarcoma 45 in wistar rats. immunization was followed by a significant (37.2-86%) inhibition of the rate of growth of the said tumors. ascites was detected in half the vaccinated animals of zajdela's hepatoma series, this being matched by 100% in controls.19854072086
airborne transmission of tularemia in farmers.in a tularemia epidemic during 1982 in northern finland, 53 patients showed no peripheral portal of entry for infection or associated lymphadenopathy. respiratory symptoms were observed in 72% of the patients. 26/38 cases had abnormal chest films. hilar adenopathy was the most common finding (36%). four patients did not receive antibiotics; 43 received tetracyclines, 5 streptomycin and 1 cefuroxime and amoxycillin. all patients recovered. 50 patients acquired the infection during common farming ...19854089543
[effect of the combined use of rifampicin and a low-molecular immunomodulator of natural origin on the primary immune response to the antigens of a tularemia vaccinal strain].the effect of rifampicin combination with a natural low molecular immunomodulator on the primary immune response to the antigens of tularemia vaccine was studied with the methods of multifactor designing of the experiment. the dependence of the delayed hypersensitivity and antibody titer on doses of the antibiotic and immunomodulator and the time of the immunomodulator administration was manifested by the second order equation. nomographs for precise quantitative estimation of the doses and regi ...19854091512
[properties of the plasmid pft15/10-1 isolated from the vaccine strain of francisella tularensis].plasmid, designated pft15/10-1, was isolated from francisella tularensis vaccine strain 15/10. the plasmid is presented by the homogeneous 5.02 +/- 0.054 md monomeric circular dna molecules in electron microscopic preparations. plasmid size is 7-7.3 kb as defined by electrophoresis in agarose gel. the restriction analysis has revealed that plasmid pft15/10-1 possesses a single specific cleavage site for restriction endonuclease ecori, two sites for restriction endonucleases bamhi, bgiii, hincii, ...19853025707
[rise in the epizootic activity of a natural focus of steppe-type tularemia in stavropol territory and its epidemic consequences].one of recurrent autumn and winter rises in the epizootic activity of the steppe-type focus of tularemia in the stavropol territory is described. during the tularemia epizooty of 1981-1982 the population of common voles (microtus arvalis) was very numerous, while the population of house mice (mus musculus) was comparatively scarce. francisella tularensis strains were isolated from different species of rodents (microtus arvalis, mus musculus, apodemus sylvanicus, rattus norvegicus, lepus, etc.), ...19853158139
long-lasting cell-mediated immunity induced by a live francisella tularensis vaccine.the lymphocyte stimulation test was used to estimate specific cell-mediated immunity after vaccination with the live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis. nonvaccinated individuals and individuals vaccinated 1, 5 to 6, 7 to 8, and 9 years previously were tested. lymphocytes from most vaccinees responded to an antigen preparation of the vaccine strain, and those vaccinated 9 years before testing responded to a similar extent as did vaccines in the other groups. a new technique was developed t ...19853878364
[differential affinity of pathogenic species of microorganisms for a set of lectins detectable by the sandwich method using fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)].the qualitative differences in the affinity of concanavalin a (con a), wheat-germ agglutinin (wga) and phaseolus vulgaris lectin to the surface of 10 microbial strains inducing various diseases in humans and agricultural animals have been demonstrated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence tests. enterobacteria, coxiella burnetii and bacillus anthracis have been found to possess pronounced affinity to con a and wga, while rickettsia prowazekii, francisella tularensis and brucella abortus, a ...19853920844
[preliminary study of tularemia in humans and the tick (dermacenter marginatus) populations in ta-cheng district of the xinjiang uygur autonomous region]. 19853995569
determination of monounsaturated double-bond position and geometry in the cellular fatty acids of the pathogenic bacterium francisella tularensis.the nonhydroxy fatty acid composition of francisella tularensis is reported in detail. the double-bond configuration of the monounsaturated acids has been determined by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the derivatized fatty acids. the monounsaturated fatty acids detected, in decreasing order of abundance, were 24:1 omega 15c, 18:1 omega 9c, 22:1 omega 13c, 20:1 omega 11c, 16:1 omega 7c, 26:1 omega 17c, and 14:1 omega 7c. the fatty acid profile found in f. tularensis, in particul ...19853998104
francisella tularensis.francisella tularensis is an infection acquired from animals. although the pathogen is not a cause of nosocomial infections, it is a major hazard to workers in the clinical microbiology laboratory and could easily become a problem for the infection control officer in this setting. the organism can be cultured from many sites but is difficult to recover unless the appropriate media are used. a number of clinical syndromes are caused by this pathogen. most are characterized by an ulceration and re ...19853850862
tularemia and rhabdomyolysis.rhabdomyolysis as a complication of tularemia occurred in four patients in tennessee over a four-year period. all patients were severely ill and had renal failure. tularemia was not suspected initially in any of these patients. one patient died of complications of rhabdomyolysis. at autopsy, multiple abscesses were present within skeletal muscle, suggesting that rhabdomyolysis resulted from direct muscle involvement with francisella tularensis. tularemia should be considered in the differential ...19853965776
tick-borne tularemia. an outbreak of lymphadenopathy in children.between june 1 and july 15, 1984, twenty persons with glandular tularemia were identified on the lower brule and crow creek indian reservations in south dakota. the median age of the patients was 6 years (range, 2 to 20 years). the clinical illness was mild, consisting of fever, headache, and lymphadenopathy. all lymphadenopathy was in the head and neck area. dermacentor variabilis ticks were identified as the vector. although the mild clinical illness suggested francisella tularensis, type b, w ...19854057512
humoral immunity induced by a live francisella tularensis vaccine. complement fixing antibodies determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cf-elisa).a complement-fixing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cf-elisa) with bacterial sonicate as the antigen, human ab serum as the source of complement and alkaline-phosphatase-labelled anti-(human c3c) as the conjugate was developed for detecting antibodies to francisella tularensis. humoral responses after inoculation with a live attenuated tularemia vaccine were studied in 13 subjects by this method. twelve responded with cf antibodies, which in most cases appeared 4 weeks after vaccination, the ...19854082752
antigen-induced monocyte procoagulant activity. requirement for antigen presentation and histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-dr molecules.the present study explores the interactions between lymphocytes and monocytes that are required for expression of procoagulant activity (pca) by monocytes in response to purified protein derivative of the tubercle bacillus (ppd) or tularemia antigen. the pca response was antigen specific: peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) from donors sensitive to ppd or tularemia showed an increase in pca only in response to the sensitizing antigen. the pca was tissue factorlike in that factors vii and x ...19852413076
[taxonomy and systematics of pathogenic microorganisms].the modern state of the problem of the systematics of microorganisms is analyzed and the data on the taxonomy of bacteria belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae are presented. the importance of studies on the taxonomy of microorganisms is emphasized. these studies play a vital role in the development of diagnostic preparations and techniques for the identification of infective agents, as well as in the realization of epidemiological surveillance. much attention is given to the works of sovie ...19862432744
cat scratch disease. identification of bacteria in seven cases of lymphadenitis.a retrospective study of lymph node biopsy specimens from nine patients with the clinical findings and histologic features of cat scratch disease was undertaken to determine whether the recent report by wear et al. that pleomorphic bacteria are present in the lymph nodes of cat scratch disease could be confirmed. in seven of our nine cases, pleomorphic bacteria were demonstrated with the warthin-starry (ws) silver stain. these were gram-negative with the brown-hopps tissue gram stain and were al ...19862422962
[effect of the immunization of rats with tularemia vaccine on the number of cytogenetic disorders in somatic cells induced by cytostatics].cytogenetic disturbances due to cytostatic preparations--cyclophosphamide and methylnitrosourea--applied as single or ten-times administrations in different doses have been studied for rats immunized with tularemia live dried vaccine. it is established that with the application of these preparations to immunized animals the quantity of chromosomal aberrations in myelokaryocytes decreased from 1.4 to 2.2 times, compared with that in non-immunized animals.19863715978
[possible mutagenic action of a tularemia vaccine].no increase in the number of chromosome aberrations in the bone marrow cells of the wistar rats was observed on the 1st, 2nd, 7th and 15th days after epidermal and intradermal immunization by tularemic live vaccine. subcutaneous injection of great quantities of tularemic microbic cells which were not used in practice increased the number of cells with chromosome aberrations only on the second day.19863750405
some diagnostic, biologic and morphologic characteristics of francisella tularensis strains isolated from the ticks ixodes ricinus (l.) in the prague agglomeration.four infectious agents were isolated from the ticks ixodes ricinus (l.) collected in the recreational area and park-forest of prague. on the basis of cultivation, staining, biochemical, serologic properties, pathogenicity for animals and histological tests they were identified as francisella tularensis with the following features: they are short, gram-negative rods of approximate dimensions of 0.3 x 0.8 micron, growing in enriched media after 3-4 day incubation at 37 degrees c. they form small c ...19863699624
[polymorphic tularemia]. 19863522188
tularemic hepatitis presenting as obstructive jaundice.a 56-yr-old man was admitted for evaluation of fever, chills, jaundice, and alcoholic stools. laboratory studies suggested a cholestatic process. ultrasonography, computed tomography, and transhepatic cholangiography failed to reveal any abnormalities. acute infection with francisella tularensis was confirmed serologically, and a liver biopsy revealed cholestatic hepatitis with focal coagulative necrosis. recovery was coincident with antibiotic therapy.19863522344
[enhanced antitumor resistance in rats immunized with a tularemia vaccine].it is established that rat immunization with tularemia living vaccine inhibits pliss lymphosarcoma growth and increases the life duration to tumour bearing animals. in tests with zajdela ascitic hepatoma in 1/3 of the immunized animals ascites were not formed and the rats lived 150 days before they were killed.19863753929
[purine and pyrimidine metabolism in francisella tularensis].the assimilation and mutual transformation of exogenous purine and pyrimidine bases and their nucleosides in the known subspecies of f. tularensis have been studied by means of radio-labeled compounds. the possibility of using the specific features of the metabolism of these compounds in f. tularensis, established in this study, for taxonomy and differential diagnosis has been demonstrated.19863751405
francisella tularensis meningitis: a rare clinical entity. 19863772171
fatty acid distribution in the phospholipids of francisella tularensis.francisella tularensis, lvs (live vaccine strain) grown in a chemically defined medium was found to have a lipid content of 21% by dry weight. the two major phospholipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine (pe; 76%) and phosphatidylglycerol (pg; 24%) by thin layer chromatographic analysis, staining characteristics and quantitative chemical analyses of fatty acid, phosphate and glycerol constituents. pe contained a high proportion of 24:0 fatty acid, with lesser amounts of 24:1, 22:0 and ...19863796231
agglutination and elisa methods in the diagnosis of tularemia in different clinical forms and severities of the disease. 19863941279
histopathology of human lymph node tularemia caused by francisella tularensis var palaearctica.histopathology of tularemia, caused by type-b strain, tuberculosis, and sarcoidosis were compared in lymph node biopsy specimens from ten patients with tularemia, 26 with tuberculosis, and 14 with sarcoidosis. in very early tularemia there were only reactive changes without necrosis. abscess necrosis with or without epithelioid cell reaction was observed during the second week and caseous necrosis during the fourth week. argyrophil fibers were absent from necrotic lesions in tularemia, but, ofte ...19863753568
francisella tularensis infection in captive, wild caught prairie dogs.an adult, wild caught prairie dog was found dehydrated and ataxic, with severe diarrhea. gross necropsy lesions consisted of scattered pinpoint white foci throughout the liver and spleen. a massive, purulent bronchopneumonia was found also. direct fluorescent antibody tests and culture of spleen and liver samples confirmed a diagnosis of tularemia.19863702338
peripheral blood leukocyte counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and c-reactive protein in tularemia caused by the type b strain of francisella tularensis.the behavior of leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (esr) and c-reactive protein (crp) in tularemia caused by type b of francisella tularensis was analyzed in different clinical forms and severities of disease in 101 adult tularemia patients. the mean leukocyte count was 8.3 x 10(9)/l and the leukocyte differential count was also usually normal. the behavior of leukocytes was similar in different clinical forms and severities of tularemia. the changes in differential counts were milder th ...19863710592
isolation of francisella tularensis from blood.the isolation of francisella tularensis from blood culture is extremely rare; a review of the literature produced only five documented cases. however, over a recent 17-month period we saw four cases of tularemia in which the organism was isolated in blood culture. the clinical presentations of our patients and those reported previously were very similar. most of the patients had a significant underlying disease and presented with the typhoidal form of tularemia. furthermore, all our patients had ...19863760138
tularemic meningitis in a child with mononuclear pleocytosis. 19863763424
[delayed hypersensitivity and nonspecific cellular immunity. the conditions determining the maximally expressed immunity activity].in vivo experiments on the infection of mice with influenza a virus and francisella tularensis and in vitro experiments on the bactericidal activity of macrophages have demonstrated the conditions leading to the maximally pronounced activation of immunity by means of preparations inducing delayed hypersensitivity (dh). the following conditions have been determined: the presence of pronounced dh previously to the injection of old tuberculin (ot) and staphylococcal phagolysate (sp) used as challen ...19862941945
[from a randomized assay, francisella turned out to be epidemiologically present in the studied areas].in the past tularemia has largely affected animals, nowadays' in our country it could become actual one more because of wild animals repopulation actuated in many areas. unlike the other countries, in italy it's not well known if there are any consequences on population. the authors has conducted a research on this subject studying seroimmunologically samples taken randomly in some areas of south-central italy. their results confirm endemism and therefore announce the problem and the consequent ...19863678666
[development of an immunoenzyme method for detecting francisella tularensis].the conditions permitting the determination of f. tularesis cells by means of the enzyme immunoassay (eia) in 3-5 hours have been established. ways for enhancing the reliability of results obtained in the assay of the least possible amount of the test material have been proposed. the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid eia technique permitting the determination of f. tularensis cells at a concentration of 20 000 cells/ml in the presence of other bacterial cells in 100-fold excess have been ...19863962541
interleukin 2 and gamma interferon production, interleukin 2 receptor expression, and dna synthesis induced by tularemia antigen in vitro after natural infection or vaccination.the t-cell response induced by francisella tularensis antigen in sensitized subjects was characterized in vitro by measuring dna synthesis in whole-blood and mononuclear cell cultures, interleukin 2 (il-2) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) production, and il-2 receptor expression. correlations between these variables were estimated. the strengths of the responses were compared in 21 subjects naturally infected 2 years ago, 6 subjects vaccinated 5 to 6 years ago, and 13 control subjects with no hi ...19873110207
detection of antigen in urine of a patient with tularemia. 19873622500
[tularemia study in khmel'nitski province].the differentiated approach to carrying out the vaccinal prophylaxis of tularemia is necessary in view of the determination of the types of the natural foci of this infection and their epizootic manifestation, as well as taking into account concrete local conditions and social factors. at the same time, the level of zooparasitological investigations must be maintained for the timely determination of the activity and spread of the natural foci of tularemia.19873434047
[the role of serological examination of the excrement of predatory birds for the evaluation of the epizootic situation]. 19873445555
[possible atypical course of tularemia (persistence) in the common vole microtus arvalis pall].the possibility of the atypical course of tularemia with the prolonged persistence of francisella tularensis in common voles (m. arvalis), the twin species of east european voles (m. rossiaemeridionalis), was studied. experiments were made on 33 animals grown in the laboratory. f. tularensis strain 165 was used. the animals were infected by feeding them according to the previously developed scheme. 7 out of 33 voles showed the atypical course of tularemia: in 3 voles the disease took a prolonged ...19873296576
[choice of the suitability criteria of polystyrene-based solid-phase carriers for performing immunoenzyme analyses].the authors discuss a tentative approach to the choice of criteria indicating the optimal suitability of different solid-phase carriers made of polystyrene for use in the enzyme immunoassay (eia), viz. the dependence of specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility and reliability of eia results on the adsorption properties, transparency expressed in percent and transparency variations of the plates under test. the evaluation of the carriers by four parameters is proposed with the use of assay plate ...19873318247
experimental murine tularemia caused by francisella tularensis, live vaccine strain: a model of acquired cellular resistance.we have established a model of experimentally-induced tularemia in mice, using the live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis. a sublethal, intravenous inoculation of this organism caused in c57bl/6 strain mice an acute infection which lasted approximately 12 days. the clearance of francisella from the bloodstream was shown to be complete by 5.5 hours postinfection. at this time, approximately twice as many bacteria were isolated from the spleen as from the liver. mice which had recovered fro ...19873507552
immunospecific t-lymphocyte stimulation by membrane proteins from francisella tularensis.membranes from a capsule-deficient mutant of the live-vaccine strain of francisella tularensis (f. tularensis lvs) were treated with n-lauroyl sarcosinate (sarkosyl; ciba-geigy corp., summit, n.j.). when the sarkosyl-insoluble fraction was heated in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, several polypeptides were distinguished. four major polypeptides were eluted from the gel, each of which stimulated ...19873494744
[transparent nutrient medium for culturing francisella tularensis].a transparent nutrient medium t (tularemic) for cultivation of f. tularensis was developed on the basis of heart-brain infusion, yeast extract, bactotryptone, technical casamino acids, bactoagar, salts, l-cysteine and glucose. introduction of an antibiotic (polymyxin b, 100 units/ml) to the medium composition provided selective conditions for growth of f. tularensis. comparative study of the medium growth properties revealed that medium t by this parameter was not inferior to the emel'ianova and ...19873551821
a waterborne tularemia outbreak.a waterborne tularemia outbreak is described. forty nine cases were identified in sansepolcro, a small medioeval town in the province of arezzo, tuscany, italy. all cases had laterocervical or sub-mandibular adenitis, and occurred within a period of three weeks during march and april 1982. the study showed association between cases and the consumption of water from an unchlorinated water system. francisella tularensis type 1 was isolated from wild hares captured in the area.19873582597
[effect of land reclamation on the transformation of the types of natural tularemia foci].land reclamation measures carried out on the territory of a flood-plain-paludal focus of tularemia change the ecological and biocenotic links, which leads to the formation of a meadow-field focus with other-than-before sources and vectors of tularemia infection.19873618024
factors associated with a poor outcome in tularemia.to identify the factors associated with a poor outcome, we reviewed the records of 28 patients with tularemia diagnosed between 1974 and 1984. most of the patients were men between the ages of 35 and 45 years, who presented with ulceroglandular tularemia. twelve patients had the anticipated rapid response to therapy, with resolution of their presenting symptoms within one week (group a). surprisingly, the majority (16 [58%] of 28) had a more prolonged or fatal illness (group b). group b patients ...19873813743
[epidemiology and prevention of tularemia]. 19873646961
[a danish case report of tularemia]. 19873433508
serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens of wolves in alaska, 1975-1982.serum samples were collected from 116 wolves which were captured in southcentral alaska during 1975 through 1982. antibodies to the following infectious disease agents were found: infectious canine hepatitis virus-72 of 87 (81%), canine parvovirus type 2-0 of 55 (0%) through 1979 and 10 of 32 (31%) after 1979, francisella tularensis-16 of 67 (25%), canine distemper virus-10 of 83 (12%), coxiella burnetti-5 of 95 (5%), rabies virus-1 of 88 (1%), brucella spp.-1 of 67 (1%), leptospira interrogans- ...19873029442
[isolation of francisella tularensis from ixodes ricinus ticks in the protected environment of palava]. 19872958150
[use of the elisa immunoenzyme method for the detection of the causative agent of tularemia].the conditions of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of francisella tularensis were worked out. in the study of 27 strains differing in their biological characteristics, the sensitivity of the assay was determined, varying within the range of 1 x 10(4)--5 x 10(4) million cells/ml and exceeding the sensitivity of the currently used methods for the immunodiagnosis of tularemia by 1-2 orders. elisa also proved to be a highly effective technique for the detection of the ...19882452535
[histone-like nature of bacterial allergens used in diagnosing delayed hypersensitivity reaction].in this work new data are presented on the comparative quantitative amino acid analysis of allergens, isolated and purified from different bacteria. on the basis of a high content of basic amino acids, such as lysine, arginine and histidine, in mycobacterium, brucella and francisella tularensis allergens, a suggestion is made to classify bacterial allergens with histone-like proteins.19883143203
comparison of serum and lung extracts for surveys of wild animals for antibodies to francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica.a comparative study of the antibody titer against francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica in serum and lung extract was made using different immunoassays. samples were taken from experimentally-infected goshawks (accipiter gentilis) and european beavers (castor fiber), and in a field survey of wild beavers. good accordance between the antibody titer in serum and in lung extract was found in the experimental studies. however, the antibody titer was generally one- to three-fold lower in lung ex ...19883280838
experimental infection of five species of raptors and of hooded crows with francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica.sixteen raptors and three hooded crows were infected experimentally with francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica. the birds were infected parenterally or per os. one goshawk, one sparrow hawk and one hooded crow died during the experimental period, and the remaining 16 birds were killed 14-77 days after the first infection. francisella tularensis was not isolated from any bird. antibody levels against f. tularensis measured in nine birds varied from 0 to 1:1,280. in one goshawk with a titer o ...19883280839
[a coagglutination reagent for identifying the causative agent of tularemia]. 19882462096
a capsule-deficient mutant of francisella tularensis lvs exhibits enhanced sensitivity to killing by serum but diminished sensitivity to killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.the live vaccine strain (lvs) of francisella tularensis is killed by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes as a result of strictly oxygen-dependent mechanisms (s. löfgren, a. tärnvik, m. thore, and j. carlsson, infect. immun. 43:730-734, 1984). we now report that a capsule-deficient (cap-) mutant of lvs survives in the leukocytes. in contrast to the encapsulated parent strain, the cap- mutant was avirulent in mice and was susceptible to the bactericidal effect of nonimmune human serum. the mutant w ...19883356465
agglutinins and antibodies to francisella tularensis outer membrane antigens in the early diagnosis of disease during an outbreak of tularemia.tularemia was diagnosed in 57 patients during an outbreak in central norway in 1984 and 1985. clinical categories of the disease showed seasonal variations. a bacterial microagglutination test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with class-specific antibodies against francisella tularensis outer membrane (om) antigens were evaluated for the early diagnosis of tularemia. elisa with immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, or igm antibodies and the microagglutination test differed only marginally ...19883356786
influence of genetic background on host resistance to experimental murine tularemia.the host response to experimental murine tularemia was examined in different inbred mouse strains. the kinetics of growth of francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs) in the livers and spleens of a and c57bl/6 mice were monitored, and it was observed that mice of the a strain were more susceptible to the proliferation of lvs than were c57bl/6 mice. the difference was most marked 5 days following infection, when the number of bacteria isolated from the spleens of a mice was found to exceed ...19883397185
enhancing recovery of francisella tularensis from blood.francisella tularensis may be isolated with the bactec 460 blood culture system even though bottles may not meet the established criteria for recognizing positive blood cultures. we describe three proven bacteremic cases in which growth indices were not positive, gram stain of broth showed no microorganisms but f. tularensis grew on chocolate agar culture.19883229097
serological survey for selected diseases in the endangered san joaquin kit fox (vulpes macrotis mutica).blood from endangered san joaquin kit foxes (vulpes macrotis mutica) inhabiting the elk hills naval petroleum reserve, kern county, and the elkhorn plain, san luis obispo county, california, was collected in 1981, 1982 and 1984 and sera were tested for antibodies against 10 selected pathogens. proportions of kit fox sera containing antibodies against pathogens were: canine parvovirus, 100% in 1981-1982 and 67% in 1984; infectious canine hepatitis virus, 6% in 1981-1982 and 21% in 1984; canine di ...19882836636
infections with francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica in hares (lepus timidus, lepus europaeus) from sweden.the occurrence of tularemia was studied in 1,500 hares submitted to the national veterinary institute, uppsala, sweden for postmortem examination during 1973 through 1985. a total of 109 tularemia cases was recorded based on the fluorescent antibody (fa) test for francisella tularensis and on the gross and microscopic pathology. tularemia was diagnosed only in the varying hare (lepus timidus) and not in the european brown hare (lepus europaeus). the geographical distribution of the 109 cases ind ...19882900904
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