Publications

spirochetal organisms from pigs. 3. preliminary observations on bacteriophage particles associated with spirochetes of the genus. treponema.		1974	4857846
phagocytosis and digestion of spirochetes by amebocytes of infected brine shrimp.		1975	168271
macrophage migration inhibition test in untreated syphilis.	two modifications of macrophage migration inhibition test, one of george and vaughan and the other one of svejcar, were performed on a total of 78 cases of untreated syphilis at various stages. as specific antigens were used: treponema pallidum ultrasonate and cardiolipin. inhibition of migration was observed in 87 percent patients with primary syphillis and in all patients with late and late congenital syphilis. after improving and standardisation of the technique of treponema pallidum antigen- ...	1975	1090263
an in vivo study of an antimicrobial mouth rinse on supragingival and subgingival plaque and calculus formation.	an antibiotic mouth rinse (cc10232) was used twice a day for one week in human subjects in a supervised double blind clinical and histological study. nylon strips were placed supra and subgingivally for one week and then sectioned, stained and examined. results showed that the rinse containing cc-10232 reduced the amount of plaque and reduced the amount of mineralization in 4 of 5 subjects.also, no spirochetes were found in subjects who utilized this rinse.	1975	1091935
[hard chancre as a manifestation of cellular immunological reactions at the site of entry of spirochaete pallida].		1975	1098300
tropical ulcers.	we review 230 cases of tropical ulcers, includied reports of 7 cases with squamous cell carcinoma. we think the etiology may be a combination of the hot, humid environment, trauma, local infection, and malnutrition. agressive treatment of these ulcers is advocated, to heal the wounds and to prevent malignant transformation.	1975	1118492
carotenoid pigments of facultatively anaerobic spirochetes.	carotenoid pigments were purified from a previously undescribed, red, halophilic spirochete (spirochete rs1), and from spirochaeta aurantia strain j1. both spirochetes are facultative anaerobes and produce pigments when growing aerobically. the major pigments of the two spirochetes were identified by means of chromatographic analysis, absorption spectroscopy, hydride reduction, acetylation and silylation experiments, and mass spectrometry. it was concluded that the major pigment from spirochete ...	1975	1158846
synergism between trichuris suis and the microbial flora of the large intestine causing dysentery in pigs.	the role of the microbial flora of the large intestine in experimental trichuris suis infection was studied by comparing the clinical syndrome in conventionally reared (cr) pigs, specific pathogen-free pigs, and gnotobiotic pigs. thedisease in cr pigs was characterized by a severe mucohemorrhagic enteritis; in contrast, a mild catarrhal enteritis was observed in specific pathogen-free and gnotobiotic pigs. spirochaetes and vibrio-like organisms were observed only in cr pigs and increased during ...	1975	1167536
morphology and physiology of spirochaeta aurantia strains isolated from aquatic habitats.	1. seven strains of spirochaeta aurantia were isolated from pond and swamp water by means of a selective technique which utilized the ability of these organisms to move through bacterial filters and to diffuse through agar media. although most of the isolations were accomplished when enrichment media low in carbohydrates were used, all seven strains were found to be exclusively saccharolytic. 2. the isolates could be divided into two groups on the basis of cell morphology: a loosely coiled group ...	1975	1190952
possible formation and development of spirochaete attachment sites found on the surface of symbiotic polymastigote flagellates of the termite reticulitermes flavipes.	we propose that spirochaete attachment sites arise from peripheral protrusions which appear on the surface of polymastigote flagellates. these protrusions develop into bracket-shaped structures which then form the mature attachment site. next the site becomes detached from the surface of the cell; this latter process may be facilitated by the fusion of vesicles located in the region immediately beneath the spirochaete attachment site. this theory could explain the variability in the number and d ...	1975	1203458
[ultrastructure of spirochaeta anserinum].		1975	1216569
the lipids of four unusual non-pathogenic host-associated spirochetes.	the lipid compositions of two spirochetes isolated from the human oral cavity and two isolated from pig feces were examined. these isolates were unusual in that they did not require long-chain fatty acids for growth, as do the other host-associated spirochetes, but rather required isobutyric and valeric acids. therefore, they could be cultured in a medium free of serum or fatty acid - albumin supplements. the major fatty acids synthesized were normal and iso fatty acids with 14 and 16 carbons. n ...	1975	1238163
[the "microfiber", the constituent of the outer membrane of spirochaeta].		1975	1240188
[formation of spherocytes of oral spirochaeta and their characteristics].		1975	1240212
[immunological study of oral spirochaeta with special reference to its localization in the gigival tissue and pca activities].		1975	1240311
effects of sr-spirochete infection on drosophila melanogaster carrying intersex genes.	three sex-transforming genes (ix, tra-d, and dsx) in d. melanogaster were examined with respect to possible interactions with the nsr strain sr-spirochetes. the sr-spirochetes exerted a lethal effect on xy but not on xx individuals, regardless of whether they were phenotypically males, intersexes, or females. these results, taken together with those reported by sakaguchi and poulson (1963)on tra and 2x3a intersexes, both of which are resistant to the androcidal action of sr-spirochetes, support ...	1975	805080
[modern serological diagnosis of syphilis (author's transl)].	after discussion of the antigen structure of treponema pallidum it is shown that only reactions with the pallidum antigen can establish a serological diagnosis of syphilis. reactions with reiter antigen are superfluous, reactions with lipoid antigen (cardiolipin) are non-specific and not very sensitive and consequently only conditionally useful as a test reaction. the behavior of the treponema and lipoid antigen reactions is different in the various stages of lues, and consequently permits certa ...	1975	807840
direct transfer of the phosphoryl moiety of mannitol 1-phosphate to [14c]mannitol catalyzed by the enzyme ii complexes of the phosphoenolpyruvate: mannitol phosphotransferase systems in spirochaeta aurantia and salmonella typhimurium.	spirochaeta aurantia possesses a phosphoenolpyruvate:mannitol phosphotransferase system which catalyzes the transmembrane transport and phosphorylation of mannitol. in vitro studies showed that both phosphoenolpyruvate and mannitol 1-phosphate could serve as phosphate donors. the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent reaction required two soluble proteins, enzyme si and hpr, and an integral membrane complex, enzyme sii. only enzyme sii was required for the mannitol 1-phosphate-dependent reaction. enzyme ...	1976	819432
morphological characteristics of a spirochete present in activated sludge.	a free-living spirochete has been found in the activated sludge of purification plants in amsterdam. a partial enrichment of the spirochete could be obtained with a passage through a thin layer of water agar. the morphology of this spirochetal strain does not fit into one of the described genera in bergey's manual. the cells have many regular primary coils on which broad secondary coils are superimposed and the protoplasmic cylinder is tightly wound around an axistyle,	1976	1009504
diagnosis of swine dysentery: spirochaetes which may be confused with treponema hyodysenteriae.	spirochaetes, designated pws, microscopically resembling treponema hyodysenteriae, were isolated from the colon contents of pigs with post-weaning scours from three herds, which on clinical and epidemiological grounds were thought to be free from swine dysentery. one of the isolates was fed to pigs experimentally but no evidence of disease was noted. their cultural characteristics differed from those of t hyodysenteriae but they were similar to those of a non-pathogenic spirachaete (4/71) which ...	1976	1014306
spirochaeta halophila sp. n., a facultative anaerobe from a high-salinity pond.	a facultatively anaerobic spirochete isolated from a high-salinity pond grew optimally when 0.75 m nacl, 0.2 m mgso4, and 0.01 m cacl2 were present in media containing yeast extract, peptone, and a carbohydrate. the organism failed to grow when any one of these three salts was omitted from the medium. aerobically-grown colonies of the spirochete were red, whereas anaerobically-grown colonies showed no pigmentation. non-pigmented mutants of the spirochete were isolated. the spirochete used carboh ...	1976	1015946
new source for positive controls used for the identification of spirochaetes in tissue sections.	lyophilized t. pallidum is recontituted or purchased as a suspension, evenly dispersed, made into smears using alcohol-cleaned slides and a bacteriological platinum wire loop. smears are air dried for 15 minutes and fixed in concentrated formaldehyde fumes for 30 minutes and stored at room temperature. these preparations are used as positive controls for conventional silver impregnation techniques recommended for spirochaete detection in tissue sections.	1976	59412
[conditions for maintaining a natural focus of tick-borne spirochetosis in southern tadzhikistan].	the spontaneous infection of b. latyshevi population of o. tartakovskyi and its hosts in the foothill zone of southern tadjikistan was studied. a great part of the horsfield's terrapin unsusceptible to the spirochaete in the feeding of the tick's population was established. the foci is apparently maintained on account of the rising number of the redtailed libyan jird. in years of the depression of rodents number the main part in the preservation of the infection belongs to the ticks.	1976	133321
a direct fluorescent antibody test for large spirochetes in swine dysentery using hyperimmunized swine serum.	a direct fluorescent antibody test was developed for the identification of large spirochetes which are considered to be the cause of swine dysentery. sera from swine which had recovered from swine dysentery and had been hyperimmunized by the intravenous and intraperitoneal injection of filtered spirochetes were used for conjugation with fluorescein isothiocyanate. a bright greenish fluorescence of large spirochetes was observed with the conjugated serum from hyperimmunized pig no. 1 when diluted ...	1976	793697
immunofluorescence of spirochetes with serum from swine recovered from swine dysentery using an indirect fluorescent antibody test.	using an indirect fluorescent antibody test, immunofluorescence of large spirochetes was observed with serum from swine that had recovered from swine dysentery. the spirochetes were obtained from scrapings of the colonic mucosa on the first day of diarrhea which was the time when the spirochete population was observed to be the highest. of 29 exposed nonmedicated swine which developed and recovered from a diarrhea characteristic of swine dysentery 27 had antispirochete serum titers which ranged ...	1976	793698
[morphological studies of spirochaeta. 1. introduction and light microscopic studies].		1976	794526
[some biochemical characteristics of oral spirochetes (author's transl)].		1977	268541
[fine structure of oral spirochetes, especially axial fibrils and cyst like structure (author's transl)].		1977	268542
[serological studies on oral spirochetes by means of gell diffusion method (author's transl)].		1977	408769
relationship between cell coiling and motility of spirochetes in viscous environments.	the lowest viscosity that stops translational motility of cells (minimum immobilizing viscosity [miv] was determined for various spirochetes. the viscous agent used was polyvinylpyrrolidone, the miv for either spirochaeta halophila p1 or spirochaeta aurantia j4t was approximately 1,000 centipoise (cp), and for leptospira interrogans (biflexa) b16 the miv was greater than 500 cp. in comparison, the miv for the flagellated bacteria escherichia coli and spirillum serpens was 60 cp. miv values for t ...	1977	330506
the spirochetes.		1977	334048
chemotaxis in spirochaeta aurantia.	cell of spirochaeta aurantia m1 suspended in isotropic buffer solution swam in nearly straight lines and appeared to spin around their longitudinal axis. occasionally, cells stopped and flexed, and then resumed translational motility, usually in a different direction. the average cell velocity was 26 micron/s. a quantitative assay for chemotaxis was used to test various chemicals for their ability to attract s. aurantia m1. the cells exhibited a tactic response toward 5 x 10(-2) m d-glucose betw ...	1977	853032
properties of a phosphoenolpyruvate: mannitol phosphotransferase system in spirochaeta aurantia.		1977	925030
motility and chemotaxis of spirochetes.		1978	360979
[history of bacteriology in japan (25)].		1978	364099
[isolation of nichols strain of spirochaeta pallida with changed sensitivity to penicillin. i].		1978	248233
[isolation of nichols strain of spirochaeta pallida with changed sensitivity to penicillin. ii].		1978	248234
studies on a canine intestinal spirochete: scanning electron microscopy of canine colonic mucosa.	a large homogeneous population of spirochetes was observed attached to the colonic mucosa of clinically normal dogs. their association with the colonic mucosa and their mode of attachment resembled those of a spirochete reported in primates.	1978	669823
[morphological structure of spirochaeta cells. part 3. ultrastructural studies, with special reference to their dynamic structures].		1978	691267
[hemagglutination reaction with an antigen prepared from nichols spirochaete].		1978	693924
[hideyo noguchi and oral spirochaete].		1978	394992
[spirochaetal septicemia in newborn infants].		1979	441043
cancrum oris.	cancrum oris is a gangrenous infection of the oral cavity. debilitating diseases predispose to the condition. the exact bacteriology is uncertain although vincent's spirochaete and the fusiform bacillus in symbiosis have been considered to be the actual cause of the condition. the presentation of the disease is variable, for the condition may affect the soft tissues of the face or the bones of the facial skeleton or both concurrently. this disease has a high mortality rate. if recovery from toxa ...	1979	292744
syphilitic lymphadenitis: immunofluorescent identification of spirochetes from imprints.	we are reporting two cases of early syphilis with inguinal buboes which were surgically excised. th clinical impression was lymphoma in one case and inguinal hernia in the other. the correct and specific diagnosis was quickly established by the application of fluorescent antibody technique to imprints of the enlarged lymph node.	1979	393116
prokaryotic-eukaryotic cell junctions: attachment of spirochetes and flagellated bacteria to primate large intestinal cells.		1980	6767039
[anaerobic oro-pharyngeal flora and immunopathology (author's transl)].		1980	6933683
[experimental induction of foot rot in sheep].	by means of local strains bacteroides nodusus was reproduced experimentally a case of foot-rot with sheep. for the appearance and the development of the disease it was necessary, before the infection, to keep the sheep in damp and uncleaned from fecal impurities room. besides that, of decisive importance was the scarification of the skin-horny junction in the interungular slit. the combination of bacteroides nodusus with spirohaeta penorta and corynebacterium piogenes resulted in more serious ch ...	1980	7023019
[spirochetes. i. metabolism and physiology].		1980	7024582
involvement of periplasmic fibrils in motility of spirochetes.	nonmotile (mot-) strains of spirochaeta aurantia and spirochaeta halophila were isolated with a procedure involving mutagenesis of motile wild-type cells. electron microscopy showed that a mot- mutant strain of s. halophia possessed incomplete periplasmic fibrils, inasmuch as most or all of the filamentous portion of the periplasmic fibrils was absent. some of the cells of this mot-, fibril-defective mutant strain lacked the filamentous portion of the periplasmic fibrils and formed proximal hook ...	1980	7354002
sterol requirement for the growth of treponema hyodysenteriae.	the addition of cholesterol to a liquid medium containing bovine serum albumin (bsa) fraction v or acetone-delipidized bsa fraction v instead of serum stimulated the growth of treponema hyodysenteriae, a serum-requiring spirochaete associated with swine dysentery. as little as 1.25 micrograms cholesterol ml-1 increased viable counts about 1000-fold. sitosterol and cholestanol, but not pregnenalone, cholestenone or stigmasteriol, produced a growth response comparable to that of cholesterol. the r ...	1980	7373284
production of diarrhoea and dysentery in pigs by feeding pure cultures of a spirochaete differing from treponema hyodysenteriae.	a weakly beta-haemolytic spirochaete, isolate p43/6/78, was isolated from a pig with diarrhoea and found not to fluoresce with a specific fluorescent antiserum to treponema hyodysenteriae. pure cultures of this spirochaete were used to inoculate experimental pigs. diarrhoea, containing clear mucus, and, in one case, blood occurred in four of the eight animals inoculated. colitis was present in six of the eight inoculated pigs at necropsy. excess clear mucus and punctate haemorrhages were seen on ...	1980	7376384
undulipodia, flagella and cilia.	the term flagella is ambiguous. it refers to bacterial structures composed of flagellin protein and to eukaryotic structures composed of microtubule proteins and atpase (tubulin and dynein). the fact that cilia are nearly identical to eukaryotic flagella and have nothing in common with prokaryotic flagella is not apparent from the terminology. it is proposed that the 30-year old suggestion of smagina and reiterated by kuznicki and others, be adopted: that cilia and eukaryotic flagella be called ...	1980	7378551
relationship between proton motive force and motility in spirochaeta aurantia.	the effects of various metabolic inhibitors on the motility of spirochaeta aurantia were investigated. after 15 min in sodium arsenate buffer, 90% of cells remained motile even though adenosine triphosphate levels dropped from 5.6 to 0.1 nmol/mg (dry weight) of cells. after 70 min in sodium arsenate, 5% of cells were motile. addition of phenazine methosulfate plus ascorbate at this time resulted in motility of 95% of cells, but adenosine triphosphate levels remained at 0.1 nmol/mg of cell dry we ...	1980	7410320
identification of treponema hyodysenteriae by a rapid slide agglutination test.	a rapid slide agglutination (sa) test was developed to identify the spirochaete treponema hyodysenteriae, the causative organism of swine dysentery. the specificity of the antiserum was increased by a single absorption with two intestinal spirochaetes. using this test, it was possible to identify 30 out of 31 spirochaetes which were beta-haemolytic and gave a positive reaction in growth inhibition (gi) tests with t hyodysenteriae antiserum. all except one of these spirochaetes were isolated from ...	1981	7210456
chemotaxis of spirochaeta aurantia: involvement of membrane potential in chemosensory signal transduction.	the effects of valinomycin and nigericin on sugar chemotaxis in spirochaeta aurantia were investigated by using a quantitative capillary assay, and the fluorescent cation, 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiodicarbocyanine iodide was used as a probe to study effects of chemoattractants on membrane potential. addition of a chemoattractant, d-xylose, to cells in either potassium or sodium phosphate buffer resulted in a transient membrane depolarization. in the presence of valinomycin, the membrane potential of ...	1981	7309678
isolation of intestinal spirochaetes from homosexuals.	spirochaetes were isolated from rectal swabs of two homosexuals and the faeces of a third, using simple isolation techniques not previously applied to specimens of this type. the ease of culture of these organisms will enable their distribution and pathogenicity to be studied, particularly in relation to their significance in homosexuals.	1981	7328186
distribution of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities among treponema pallidum and other spirochetes.	representative members of spirochaetales were surveyed for their content of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase, and peroxidase activities. only leptospira exhibited peroxidase activity. obligately anaerobic cultivable treponema and spirochaeta possessed no sod or peroxidative capabilities. upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, spirochaeta aurantia, borrelia hermsi, and five leptospira biflexa serovars showed sod activity associated with one electrophoretic band which was inhibited by h2o2, ...	1981	7024127
physiological diversity of rumen spirochetes.	bovine rumen fluid contained relatively large numbers of spirochetes capable of fermenting polymers commonly present in plant materials. polymers such as xylan, pectin, and arabinogalactan served as fermentable substrates for the spirochetes, whereas cellulose did not. furthermore, spirochetes cultured from rumen fluid utilized as growth substrates hydrolysis products of plant polymers (e.g., d-xylose, l-arabinose, d-galacturonic acid, d-glucuronic acid, cellobiose), but did not ferment amino ac ...	1982	7073277
enzymatic activities for interconversion of purines in spirochetes.	enzymatic activities that catalyze the interconversion of purines and purine derivatives were detected in cell extracts of spirochaeta aurantia, spirochaeta stenostrepta, treponema succinifaciens, and treponema denticola. phosphoribosyltransferase activities present in cell extracts of each of the four spirochete species functioned in the conversion of adenine, hypoxanthine, and guanine to amp, imp, and gmp, respectively. nucleotidase activities in the extracts mediated the formation of nucleosi ...	1982	6292162
anaerobic spirochete from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent.	an obligately anaerobic spirochete, designated strain gs-2, was selectively isolated from samples collected at a deep-sea (2,550 m) hydrothermal vent of the galapagos rift ocean floor spreading center. the morphological and physiological characteristics of strain gs-2 resembled those of spirochaeta strains. however, strain gs-2 failed to grow consistently in any liquid medium tested. in addition, strain gs-2 grew more slowly and to lower yields than other spirochaeta species. the occurrence of o ...	1982	16346061
[spirochetes. ii. fine structure and chemical composition].		1982	6752468
selection of ion channel elements in the serine and aspartate methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins of bacteria.	two plausible, transmembrane ion channel elements (these 'elements' are alpha-helical sequences of 24 amino acids in which polar, hydrophilic side chains occupy one side and hydrophobic side chains the other) have been identified in the serine chemoreceptor-methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (mcp) (serr) of e. coli and the aspartate chemoreceptor-mcp (aspr) of s. typhimurium. that the chemoreceptor might serve as, or activate, an ion channel is supported strongly by the occurrence of membrane d ...	1983	6312987
[analysis of the oral bacterial flora in subjects with periodontal diseases].	a bacterioscopic study of the bacterial flora of 15 healthy and 15 periodontal disease carriers is presented in relation to the possibly pathogenetic role of oral bacterial flora in the development of human periodontal disease. study samples taken from sulcus and gingival pockets were examined by darkfield microscopy. results show that bacterial flora from periodontal disease subjects differs from that in healthy subjects in that spirochetes are present and the incidence of straight and motile r ...	1983	6349662
[treponema pallidum or spirochaeta pallida?].	first schaudinn and hoffmann named the causative organism of syphilis spirochaeta pallida. short time later schaudinn proposed the name treponema. he mentioned it in a letter of october 14, 1905 to hoffmann. he supposed that this germ may be a flagellate. this was not correct. the electron-microscopic investigations revealed that this idea did not concur. therefore it is better to call them spirochaeta pallida and not treponema pallidum any more.	1983	6363355
a voltage clamp inhibits chemotaxis of spirochaeta aurantia.	anaerobic conditions were employed to study the relationship between membrane potential and chemotaxis in spirochaeta aurantia. when cells were grown anaerobically and suspended in anaerobic potassium phosphate buffer (ph 5.5), membranes did not appear to be polarized. nevertheless, motility was supported by a transmembrane ph gradient, and the anaerobic cells exhibited d-xylose taxis. introduction of trace amounts of air into anaerobic cell suspensions resulted in a transient membrane polarizat ...	1983	6822479
chemoattractants elicit methylation of specific polypeptides in spirochaeta aurantia.	on the basis of this investigation, chemotaxis in spirochaeta aurantia correlates with methylation of specific polypeptides which are presumed to be analogous to the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (mcps) in bacteria such as escherichia coli. the polypeptides exhibited apparent molecular weights in the range of 55,000 to 65,000. generally, two major presumptive mcp bands and three minor bands were observed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. upon addition of d-glucose to s. auran ...	1983	6413498
[the spirochetal etiology of erythema chronicum migrans and of meningo-polyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth].	erythema chronicum migrans and tick-borne meningo-polyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth are caused by a spirochete transmitted by ixodes ricinus. the same is true for lyme disease, which is the erythema chronicum migrans infection of north-america transmitted by ticks of the same genus. in europe, this etiology is indicated by demonstration of igg and igm antibodies against borrelia duttoni during the course of infection and by immunofluorescence staining of spirochetes in ticks at sites of infe ...	1983	6659638
meptazinol diminishes the jarisch-herxheimer reaction of relapsing fever.	naloxone, an opioid antagonist, and meptazinol, an opioid antagonist with agonist properties, were tested in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 24 ethiopian patients with louse-borne relapsing fever. the potentially fatal jarisch-herxheimer reaction (j-hr), which invariably follows tetracycline treatment of the disease, was unaffected by naloxone, 30-40 mg intravenously, but was diminished by meptazinol, 300-500 mg intravenously. compared with naloxone and placebo, meptazinol reduced the ...	1983	6132178
inhibition of spirochaeta aurantia chemotaxis by neurotoxins.	the effects of neurotoxic compounds on the chemotactic response of spirochaeta aurantia were investigated. in the presence of neurotoxins that affect action potential generation and transmission in excitable eucaryotic cells, d-xylose taxis was inhibited by 69 to 93%. inhibition of chemotaxis was not due to decreased viability or motility. this study supports the hypothesis that the molecular basis for sensory signal transduction in s. aurantia involves ion fluxes across the cytoplasmic membrane ...	1983	6136501
antibodies to lyme-disease spirochaete in european lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome)		1983	6136679
intestinal spirochaetes.		1984	6143949
enhancement of chemotaxis in spirochaeta aurantia grown under conditions of nutrient limitation.	spirochaeta aurantia m1 cells were grown in a chemostat under conditions of energy and carbon source limitation. the chemotactic responses of the chemostat-grown cells were compared with those of s. aurantia cells grown in batch culture in the presence of excess energy and carbon source. chemotactic responses were measured by determining the number of cells that entered a capillary tube containing a solution of attractant. s. aurantia cells grown in the chemostat under energy and carbon source l ...	1984	6735977
uptake of d-xylose and d-glucose by spirochaeta aurantia.	uptake of d-[14c]glucose and d-[14c]xylose by spirochaeta aurantia was demonstrated to be osmotic shock sensitive and to require a high-energy phosphorylated compound rather than a proton motive force. these features are similar to those of binding protein-mediated transport systems in other gram-negative bacteria.	1984	6735985
borrelia crocidurae localization and transmission in ornithodoros erraticus and o. savignyi.	borrelia crocidurae infection rates in different organs of adult ornithodoros (pavlovskyella) erraticus and o. (ornithodoros) savignyi were studied at intervals during a 60-day period following an infective meal. the spirochaetes persisted in tick guts for 1 month, were first observed in other organs 1-7 days post-feeding, and persisted for 20-60 days in different organs. the ovaries, gene's organ, testes and male accessory glands of only o. erraticus were infected. the infection rates in adult ...	1984	6739127
chemical compositions of cell walls and polysaccharide fractions of spirochetes.	cellular polysaccharide fractions of various representative members of genera of the family spirochaetaceae were obtained by the ammonium hydroxide extraction method. the sugar composition of the polysaccharide preparations was complex and many kinds of sugars such as rhamnose, fucose, ribose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose were detected in all of the spirochetes tested. of particular interest was the presence of 4-o-methylmannose as a constituent polysaccharide in members of the genus ...	1984	6472134
thirteen british cases of erythema chronicum migrans, a spirochaetal disease.	thirteen british cases of erythema chronicum migrans are reported. an antibody to the lyme disease spirochaete was found in three of five recent cases, but lyme disease was not seen. the distribution and life cycle of the tick ixodes ricinus is described and related to the occurrence of erythema chronicum migrans in great britain.	1984	6477830
[tick-borne spirochaetales infection of lyme (lyme disease)].		1984	6533687
borrelia sp. infection in a horse.	the clinical signs, response to treatment and features of the spirochaete, borrelia theileri as was found in a horse with suspected borreliasis are described.	1984	6545371
immunization of rabbits with spirochaeta aurantia does not induce resistance to treponema pallidum.	rabbits were immunized with viable spirochaeta aurantia, a free-living, facultative anaerobic spirochete that is similar in some biochemical characteristics to treponema pallidum, a parasitic, microaerophilic spirochete. single and multiple immunizations with living s. aurantia, with or without freund's incomplete adjuvant, freund's complete adjuvant, or heat-killed t. pallidum, were carried out over a four-month period. living s. aurantia was neither toxic nor virulent for rabbits. immunized ra ...	1984	6369574
ecology of spirochetes.		1984	6388490
lyme disease: a review.		1984	6394029
[ixodes ricinus spirochaeta: probable pathogen responsible for herxheimer's acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans].		1984	6363030
[serum antibodies against ixodes ricinus spirochaeta in acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (herxheimer)].	using indirect immunofluorescence, igg antibodies against the recently detected ixodes-ricinus-spirochaeta, which causes erythema chronicum migrans could be demonstrated in all 21 persons with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. titers were from 1 : 64 to 1 : 1024, specific igm antibodies were demonstrable in only 5 patients in a titer of 1 : 64. even after treatment with penicillin high igg antibody titers of up to 1 : 1024 were found. fourfold decreases could be found only once for each igg a ...	1984	6363031
antigenic heterogeneity of european borrelia burgdorferi strains isolated from patients and ticks.		1985	2582217
observations by light microscopy and transmission electronmicroscopy on intestinal spirochaetosis in baboons (papio spp.).	spirochaetes were recognised in the large bowel of 57 of 59 baboons as a basophilic fringe at the microvillous brush border of the epithelial cells. both caecum and colon were usually affected, but seven animals had spirochaetes in the caecum alone. examination of three animals by transmission electronmicroscopy revealed only one type of spirochaete; ring forms and cross-walls were present. inflammatory changes were not seen in association with the infection, and the distribution of spirochaetes ...	1985	2409286
lyme disease in a 12-year-old girl.	we report the case of a 12-year-old girl with erythema chronicum migrans, aseptic meningitis and knee arthralgia. rise of specific antibody titre against an ixodes ricinus spirochaete was demonstrated. circulating immune complexes and high levels of c1r-c1s-c1ia complexes indicating activation of the complement system via the classical pathway were found. the clinical features and the laboratory findings warranted a diagnosis of lyme disease.	1985	3984718
spirochaetes in the equine caecum.	two morphological types of spirochaete were found in the horse caecum measuring 4 to 6 micron by 0.3 to 0.4 micron and 6 to 8 micron by 0.1 to 0.2 micron. attempts were made to culture the organisms but none survived subculture beyond the primary isolate. electron microscopy revealed that many of the organisms were infected by bacteriophages.	1985	4035097
transposition of structural genes to an expression sequence on a linear plasmid causes antigenic variation in the bacterium borrelia hermsii.	in borrelia hermsii, a spirochaete that causes relapsing fever, the switch between expression of two frequent variable major protein (vmp) types (7 and 21) is associated with a dna rearrangement. both cell types 7 and 21 contain untranscribed 7 and 21 vmp genes on linear plasmids. the serotype 7 cells contain an additional copy of the 7 vmp gene fused to an expression sequence on another linear plasmid. switching to the 21 serotype involves removal of the transcribed 7 vmp gene and fusion of a c ...	1985	4069202
[meningopolyneuritis (garin-bujadoux, bannwarth) erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system transmitted by ticks].	the clinical spectrum of this remarkable non-syphilitic spirochaetosis (spirochaeta infection) of the nervous system is described in light of 53 further cases with reference to our earlier description of 47 cases. as the etiological diagnosis is not possible in all cases the knowledge of clinical courses is especially important. males are affected almost twice as often as women. the disease is especially prevalent in the sixth decade. usually, the syndrome begins in the warm season with exquisit ...	1985	3894183
bacteriology in juvenile periodontitis. a review.		1985	3898064
isolation of a spirochete from the soft tick, ornithodoros coriaceus: a possible agent of epizootic bovine abortion.	a borrelia-like spirochete was detected in all three parasitic stages of ornithodoros coriaceus, the soft tick implicated in the epizoology of epizootic bovine abortion. after the spirochete had been isolated, its distinctness from other north american tick-borne borreliae as well as from spirochaeta aurantia, treponema pallidum, and leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was established on the basis of its morphology, protein components, and inability to infect mice. the spirochete is passed tra ...	1985	3898367
[chronic migrant erythema or lyme disease--a new tick-borne spirochaetales infection].		1985	3907212
chemotactic transducer proteins of escherichia coli exhibit homology with methyl-accepting proteins from distantly related bacteria.	transducers are transmembrane, methyl-accepting proteins central to the chemotactic systems of the enteric bacteria escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. methyl-accepting proteins have been reported in a number of species in addition to these enteric bacteria. those species include bacillus subtilis and spirochaeta aurantia, representatives of groups that diverged from ancestral enteric bacteria and from each other very early in bacterial evolution. an antiserum that reacts with all trans ...	1985	3924893
"intestinal spirochaetosis" of the vervet monkey.	electron microscopy revealed that 80% of captured vervet monkeys, held in quarantine for experimental use, showed extensive proliferation of spiral-shaped bacteria on the mucosal epithelium of the large bowel. a consortium, consisting of a predominant spirillum together with a spirochaete, was usually seen as a lawn covering the colonic epithelium. sparsely populated areas showed preferential colonization of the tubular glands. pathological changes were minimal, being confined to the microvillus ...	1985	3925404
spirochaeta bajacaliforniensis sp. n. from a microbial mat community at laguna figueroa, baja california norte, mexico.	a new anaerobic spirochete was isolated from anaerobic muds beneath the laminated sediment in the evaporite flat at laguna figueroa, baja california norte, mexico. the organism is a member of the stratified microbial community involved in the deposition of the laminated sediments in the lagoon. the size of the spirochete is 0.3 by 30 micrometers, with a wave amplitude of 0.5 micrometer and a wavelength of 1.25 micrometers. the periplasmic flagella have a 1-2-1 arrangement. the outer membrane ...	1985	11542001
congenital spirochetosis in calves: association with epizootic bovine abortion.	congenital spirochetosis was encountered as a newly recognized infection of cattle. the spirochete was seen in blood of fetuses with lesions of epizootic bovine abortion. a spirochete with morphologic features similar to those found in the fetuses was detected in ornithodoros coriaceus ticks. ticks collected from rangelands were allowed to feed on cows that then produced epizootic bovine abortion-affected fetuses, and the fetuses had spirochetosis. inapparent spirochetosis also was found in fetu ...	1986	3949612
dark ground microscopy in relation to 3 clinical parameters of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease.	this paper examines the relationships between 3 clinical parameters: pocket depth, gingival index, and bleeding index and 2 laboratory parameters: spirochaete counts and motility counts on the basis of analysis of 883 observations made in the mouths of 41 patients. the results were consistent with the findings of other studies in that deeper pockets tended to harbour higher %s of spirochaetes and motile organisms. the same overlap between all the parameters in general and between spirochaetes an ...	1986	3466907
[role of dark field microscopy in the diagnosis of periodontal disease].		1986	3482433
a borrelia-specific monoclonal antibody binds to a flagellar epitope.	in immunofluorescence assays monoclonal antibody h9724 recognized eight species of the spirochetal genus borrelia but not representatives of the genera treponema, leptospira, and spirochaeta. we examined the reactivity of h9724 against subcellular components of borrelia hermsii, an agent of relapsing fever, and b. burgdorferi, the cause of lyme disease. h9724 bound to isolated periplasmic flagella of the two borreliae. in western blots the antibody reacted with the predominant protein in flagell ...	1986	3516878
lyme disease.	although initially considered a localized epidemic form of arthritis. lyme disease is now known to have protean manifestation (skin, joint, heart, nervous system) and worldwide distribution. it is caused by infection with the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted by a variety of hard ticks and, in some localities, fleas. antigenic variation between isolates may determine the differences in clinical expression observed between cases in north america and europe. the reservoir in the ...	1986	3542350