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impact of initial flush potassium concentration on the adequacy of lung preservation.the effects of initial lung flushing with intracellular and extracellular fluid type solutions were studied in lungs stored with the university of wisconsin solution. excised sprague-dawley rat lungs (n = 39) were flushed first with one of the following solutions: (1) the university of wisconsin solution (k+ = 140 mmol/l), (2) modified (low potassium) university of wisconsin solution (k+ = 20 mmol/l), (3) phosphate buffered saline solution (k+ = 3.9 mmol/l), (4) modified low-potassium phosphate- ...19957776673
successful survival of primates receiving transplantation with "dead," nonbeating donor hearts.a paucity of donor organs is the principal limitation in human heart transplantation. prompted by our short-term studies of reanimating "dead" donor hearts in sheep, we applied the same reperfusion modifications in juvenile baboons to determine human applications in an anoxic arrest model (as occurs when non-brain-dead patients are extubated and allowed to die). ten juvenile baboons (mean weight 3.6 kg) were studied. five baboons were used as donors. after being anesthetized, donors were pretrea ...19957776674
a new flush solution for extended lung preservation.the aim of this study was to compare the effect of the most frequently used clinical preservation solution (euro-collins, group i) with a newly composed low potassium, glucose- and insulin-containing preservation solution (141 mmol/l sodium, 6.4 mmol/l potassium, 119 mmol/l chloride, 5 mmol/l magnesium, 10 gm/l glucose, 10 gm/l dextrane and 20 u/l insulin) (group ii) on postischemic lung function.19957779848
successful long-term cryopreservation of highly purified canine islets.this study evaluated the ability of cryopreservation to store large quantities of canine islets for transplantation studies. islets were isolated by automated screen methods and purified by euro-ficoll gradients. after overnight 37 degrees c incubation, islets were equilibrated with 2 m dimethylsulfoxide, cryopreserved at a cooling rate of 0.25 degree c/min and subjected to long-term storage in liquid nitrogen. six months later, some islets were thawed at a rate of 180 degrees c/min. the viabili ...19957781654
effects of preservation solutions on cortical and medullary mitochondria of rat kidney.the mitochondria isolated from cortex and medulla of rat kidneys were examined after storage in either euro-collins solution, in bretschneider's histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarat solution or in belzer's university of wisconsin solution at 25 degrees c or at 4 degrees c for a maximum of 4 to 24 hrs. independently to the preservation of the solution used, the storage of the kidneys led to a decrease in state 3 respiration and uncoupled respiration as well as to an increase in the rate of state 4 r ...19957787743
human lung preservation with euro-collins solution: early postoperative transplant function correlates with ultrastructural alterations of the contralateral donor lung. 19957792864
[an experimental study on preserving the intervertebral discs, in dog--prior to disc allografting].disc grafting is a new surgical procedure that may be suitable for preserving mobility of the spine. this experimental study was designed to determine a method of favorably preserving a disc prior to allografting. the lumber vertebrae of adult mongrel dogs were aseptically excised, regarded as the vertebral body-disc unit, and preserved at -80 degrees c, or at 4 degrees c. in the preservation at 4 degrees c, uw solution, euro-collins solution, ep-ii solution, ham's f-12, or physiological saline ...19957797952
comparison of energy metabolism in rat liver grafts during preservation in university of wisconsin or euro-collins solutions. 19957879158
neutrophil modulation results in improved pulmonary function after 12 and 24 hours of preservation.neutrophils are important mediators of reperfusion injury, and suppression of neutrophil function or numbers can reduce reperfusion injury and improve long-term organ preservation in transplantation. npc 15669, a leumedin, is a novel compound that prevents recruitment of neutrophils at inflammatory foci by inhibiting cd11b/cd18 adhesion molecule expression. npc 15669 was used to inhibit neutrophil adhesion during reperfusion of isolated rabbit lungs after 12 and 24 hours of cold storage. lungs ( ...19957818362
improved 20-hour canine lung preservation with a new solution--et-kyoto solution.we developed a new solution, et-kyoto (et-k) solution, and compared its efficacy in 20 h lung preservation with that of euro-collins (ec) solution in a canine left lung transplantation model. the lungs were flushed with et-k solution (et-k group, n = 5), with ec solution plus prostaglandin e1 (pge1) pretreatment (ec + pge1 group, n = 6) or with ec solution (ec group, n = 6), and were stored at 4 degrees c for 20 h. the function of left lung grafts was assessed 40, 70, and 130 min after transplan ...19958562098
[histopathological changes in the small intestine after hypothermic preservation with university of wisconsin and euro-collins solutions. experimental study].the objective of this study is to compare small bowel histopathologic alterations under hypothermic preservation with university of wisconsin (uw) and euro-collins (ec) solutions.19958574227
the mechanism of action of the two-layer cold storage method in canine pancreas preservation--protection of pancreatic microvascular endothelium.we have demonstrated that oxygenation of a pancreas during preservation by a two-layer method leads continued atp production to maintain cellular integrity and produces an extended period of preserved pancreatic viability. the aim of this study is to examine the effect of atp vs. oxygenation per se on viability of nonparenchymal cell (vascular endothelium), using 2.4 dinitrophenol, an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. mongrel dogs of both sexes, weighing 12-18kg were used. un ...19958577086
in vitro evaluation of donor liver preservation fluids on human hepatocyte function.successful liver transplantation depends on adequate preservation of cellular function. we therefore tested the effects of two currently used liver preservation fluids, euro-collins (ec) solution and university of wisconsin (uw) solution, on the viability and some functional activities of hepatocytes isolated from human livers. cells in primary culture were maintained under hypoxic (95% n2/5% co2) and hypothermic (4 degrees c) conditions for 24 h, either in ec or uw solution. this treatment did ...19958579732
perfadex is superior to euro-collins solution regarding 24-hour preservation of vascular function.the aim of this study was to compare perfadex with euro-collins solution regarding 24-hour preservation of endothelium-dependent relaxation and vascular smooth muscle function.19958526601
morphometric characterisation of the fine structure of human type ii pneumocytes.pulmonary type ii pneumocytes have been examined by scanning electron microscopy (sem), transmission electron microscopy (tem), and morphometry in numerous mammals. until now, the fine structure of the human type ii pneumocyte has not been studied by means of morphometry.19958540632
regeneration after in situ flushing of partially hepatectomised rat livers.the effect of various components of the transplant procedure upon the regenerative process in reduced liver grafts is not known. in this study, partially hepatectomised rat liver remnants were flushed with 5 ml of either ringer's lactate, euro collins solution or university of wisconsin solution at 4 degrees c and then 5 ml ringer's lactate at 4 degrees c. after partial hepatectomy alone, the peak increase in thymidine kinase was measured at 24 hours (36,021 +/- 8,060 disintegrations per minute ...19958545730
effect of ischemia and three different perfusion solutions on the rabbit epiphyseal growth plate.an isolated vascularized knee joint model was used (1) to determine the minimum ischemia time that produced growth retarding damage to the epiphyseal plate and (2) to evaluate whether intra-arterial perfusion could reduce the ischemia damage. experiment 1 consisted of 31 rabbits in 5 groups: 0, 2,4,6, and 8 hr of warm ischemia produced by clamping the pedicle. experiment 2 consisted of 18 rabbits in which 10 ml of one of (1) euro-collins, (2) university of wisconsin solution, or (3) heparinized ...19958747288
beneficial effect of thromboxane a2 synthetase inhibitor (oky-046) on 24-hr simple hypothermic preservation of the canine pancreas graft.this study was performed to investigate the potential protective effect of oky-046, an inhibitor of thromboxane a2 synthetase, on the viability of 24-hr preserved canine segmental pancreas graft. each graft was preserved in either cold euro-collins (e-c) solution (control group; n = 5) or e c+oky-046(10(-4)m) solution (oky-046 group; n = 5). in both groups, grafts were preserved for 24 hr and calculated the total levels of 6keto-prostaglandin f1 alpha (6ket-pgf1 alpha) and thromboxane b2(txb2) i ...19958775620
maximal preservation time of tracheal allografts. the paris-sud university lung transplantation group.our objective was to study the maximal preservation time of directly revascularized tracheal allografts in immunosuppressed piglets.19958787449
prostaglandin e1 or prostacyclin in euro-collins solution fails to improve lung preservation.in search of the ideal composition of the flush solution for pulmonary preservation, we studied the effects of prostaglandin e1 (pge1) and prostacyclin as an additive to euro-collins solution (ecs) on pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange in a porcine single lung transplantation model using extracorporeal circulation and right heart bypass.19958787453
beneficial effect of steroid on myocardial preservation in isolated rat hearts.myocardial injury after heart storage has been known to contribute to an increase in myocardial calcium content or oxygen free radical production. the present experiment was designed to determine the inhibitory effect of steroid in the preservation solution on myocardial injury during simple immersion of isolated rat hearts. the experimental group was divided into 5 sub-groups according to the concentration of steroid added to the solution. group i was stored in preservation solution containing ...19958788373
potential of 31p magnetic resonance spectroscopy in monitoring the viability of human renal grafts stored in euro-collins perfusion solution.the relative concentrations of inorganic phosphate and phosphomonoesters (pme) of 18 human cadaveric kidneys stored in euro-collins perfusion solution were measured by 31p mr spectroscopy. the signals of intracellular inorganic phosphate (pii) and inorganic phosphate contained in the perfusion solution (pie) were separated by the deconvolution technique. the ratio of the signal intensities of phosphomonoesters and intracellular inorganic phosphate (pme/pii) was used as a marker of kidney viabili ...19958869268
expression of intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules and class ii major histocompatibility antigens in human lungs: lack of influence by conditions of organ preservation.the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and class ii major histocompatibility complex antigens was studied in control lung tissue and preserved human donor lungs. the three controls were represented by wedge biopsy specimens taken from non-neoplastic lung surrounding bronchogenic carcinomas.19958800726
in situ perfusion by retrograde cannulation of a tumor artery for nephron-sparing surgery.although ice slush cooling or ex situ perfusion with bench surgery is most widely used for protecting ischemic renal damage which possibly accompanies complicated nephron-sparing surgery, each has its own disadvantages. the former does not allow excessively long ischemia and the latter requires complicated procedures as autotransplantation. in order to mitigate against these problems, we devised a novel method of in situ renal perfusion with intracellular hyperosmolar solution.19958536131
living with a chronic illness: chinese-canadian and euro-canadian women with diabetes--exploring factors that influence management.the study reported on here was designed to address how euro-canadian and chinese-canadian women living with diabetes experience and manage their illness in their day to day lives, and the factors that influence daily management (diet, exercise, medication and blood testing). it was hypothesized that women's patterns of diabetes management would be associated with (a) ethnicity and/or (b) fluency in english. it was also hypothesized that the extent to which women with diabetes (whether chinese- o ...19957667681
spontaneous self-descriptions and ethnic identities in individualistic and collectivistic cultures.the twenty statements test (tst) was administered in seoul and new york, to 454 students from 2 cultures that emphasize collectivism and individualism, respectively. responses, coded into 33 categories, were classified as either abstract or specific and as either autonomous or social. these 2 dichotomies were more independent in seoul than in new york. the new york sample included asian american whose spontaneous social identities differed. they either never listed ethnicity-nationality on the t ...19957643297
'euro-lab' scientists seek fairer deal on pay. 19957777043
the euro-team early pregnancy (etep) protocol for recurrent miscarriage.the underlying causes and rationale for treatment of recurrent abortion are not entirely clear. the euro-team early pregnancy protocol was developed as a diagnostic work-up based on the evaluation of risk factors. possibilities for therapy can be based only on the expectancy that elimination of some risk factors may improve the prognosis.19957593527
socioeconomic and cultural influences on cancer care of women.disparity exists between the scientific advances made for euro-american women and for female african americans, hispanics, native americans, and asian/pacific islanders. studies have documented the complex relation among biological, behavioral, and social factors that affect cancer incidence, treatment, and both psychological and physical outcomes. the four major variables of physiologic and biochemical differences, socioeconomic factors, structural barriers, and cultural factors contribute to t ...19957604189
recent advances of perinatal medicine in china.perinatal medicine has been practiced for only 30 years. the basis for such medicine is perinatal health care and the main theme is systemic monitoring and management of high-risk pregnancies. china has offered such practice since 1979, with the perinatal health care system derived from the former health care system for pregnant women. the rate of maternal mortality in china had fallen to 94.7/100,000 by 1989, while the perinatal mortality rate was 51.8/1000 as of 1986. comparable rates for 1993 ...19957555244
the "transplant-euro-computer-network": a european medical information system.the paper provides an overview of the european computer network interconnecting transplantation facilities (organ exchange organizations, tissue banks, and registries). background, usage scenarios, technical concepts, and perspectives are outlined. the key functionalities supported are the european waiting list of urgent patients, the double registration check (drc) procedure, and interpersonal messaging functions. the drc is based on a biological identification using the patients hla characteri ...19958591485
group therapy of aboriginal offenders in a canadian forensic psychiatric facility.in recent years, the use of group therapy approaches with aboriginal or native canadians/american indians has become widely accepted. however, many advocates of this approach rarely consider the implications of group therapy for culturally heterogeneous groups, such as when non-aboriginal peoples are involved or when there are aboriginal peoples from different cultures and/or with different degrees of orientation to euro-canadian culture. this article documents the use of one form of group thera ...19957734609
background and introduction to the who/euro multicentre study on parasuicide.in most european countries, suicidal behavior is a major public health problem and a considerable drain on resources at both the primary and secondary health care levels. unfortunately, due to cross-cultural differences both in medical treatment of nonfatal suicidal behavior and in research methodologies, it has proved almost impossible to make valid comparisons between countries. it is therefore imperative that international studies based on the same definitions and methodologies be facilitated ...19957587294
comparative study of elisa and indirect immunofluorescence for the detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. evaluation of the scimedx/euro diagnostica elisa assay in a clinical setting.this study evaluates the performance of a commercial elisa assay for detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (anca). anti-proteinase 3 (anti-pr3) and anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-mpo) elisa by (scimedx/euro diagnostica, denville, nj) were compared with the indirect immunofluorescence (iif) method using ethanol-fixed neutrophils. three hundred sixty serum samples were examined. there was complete correlation of results in 357 (99.2%) cases between canca pattern and anti-pr3 results, and ...19958526211
the phenomenology and explanatory models of common mental disorder: a study in primary care in harare, zimbabwe.in order to describe the explanatory models and the etic and emic phenomena of common mental disorder in harare, zimbabwe, 110 subjects were selected by general nurses in three clinics and by four traditional healers from their current clients. the subjects were interviewed using the explanatory model interview and the revised clinical interview schedule. mental disorder most commonly presented with somatic symptoms, but few patients denied that their mind or soul was the source of illness. spir ...19958637949
child care quality and children's behavioral adjustment: a four-year longitudinal study.studies of extensive, full-time child care in infancy and early childhood have shown negative, positive and no effects on children's social-emotional development. the current study explored the prediction of children's behavioral adjustment 4 years after assessments of daycare center quality (e.g. caregiver-child interactions, caregiver-to-child ratios) and of the home and family environment (e.g. parental stress, discipline). participants included 141 school-age children (73 girls) and their em ...19969119941
epidural and intrathecal opioids for postoperative pain management in europe--a 17-nation questionnaire study of selected hospitals. euro pain study group on acute pain.a questionnaire study conducted with the help of selected contact persons in 17 countries in europe attempted to create a picture of the practice of acute pain management with the use of spinal opioid analgesia (soa).19968933853
infection control practices in intensive care units of 14 european countries. the euro.nis study group.to evaluate compliance with recommended patient-care practices for the prevention of hospital-acquired infections (hai) in the intensive care unit (icu).19968905420
the founding of the euro-durg, the european drug utilization research group.about 240 participants from 35 countries met from june 27-30, 1996 at lake balaton, hungary, for the inaugural meeting and also the first specialist congress of euro-durg. the large number of participants, engaged discussions with around 30 lectures, workshops, and extensive poster exhibitions demonstrate not only the level of research but also the great interest in cooperation and exchange of experiences. euro-durg is an umbrella organization for the national dur-groups and is independent of in ...19968880293
a survey of fraxe allele sizes in three populations.fraxe is a fragile site located at xq27-8, which contains polymorphic triplet gcc repeats associated with a cpg island. similar to fraxa, expansion of the gcc repeats results in an abnormal methylation of the cpg island and is associated with a mild mental retardation syndrome (fraxe-mr). we surveyed the gcc repeat alleles of fraxe from 3 populations. a total of 665 x chromosomes including 416 from a new york euro-american sample (259 normal and 157 with fraxa mutations), 157 from a chinese samp ...19968844095
[current aspects of para-suicidal poisoning].the study was designed to evaluate critically the background, findings and outcome in patients who have carried out suicidal and parasuicidal acts.19968767308
the diphtheria epidemic in eastern europe (still going strong).since the current eastern european diphtheria epidemic began in moscow in 1990, russia has experienced an almost 2-fold increase in cases annually up to 1994. the epidemic has since spread to most parts of the newly independent states (nis). 50,385 cases were reported from the nis in 1995; 99.9% of all european cases, more than 80% of the world's total, and 5% higher than the 1994 total. between 1993 and 1994, the nis's total number of cases increased by 144% and russia, with 35,631 cases, accou ...199612179920
effect of saccharides on the glass-forming tendency and stability of solutions of 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-propanediol, or 1,3-butanediol in water, phosphate-buffered saline, euro-collins solution, or saint thomas cardioplegic solutionthe effect of sugars or reduced saccharides trehalose, sucrose, sorbitol, or mannitol on the glass-forming tendency during cooling and the stability of the wholly amorphous state during warming has been studied with 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-propanediol, or 1,3-butanediol in three different carrier solutions. the 2,3-butanediol contained 96.7% (w/w) racemic mixture of the levo and dextro isomers and 3.1% (w/w) of the meso isomer (called 2,3-butanediol 97% dl). the carrier solutions were water, a phosp ...19968812102
creating a culturally responsive psychotherapeutic environment for african american youths: a critical analysis.psychotherapy has been used by psychiatric nurses in advanced practice since the 1950s. the majority of research and clinical literature on the processes and outcomes of psychotherapy as an intervention in treating mental health difficulties have involved primarily euro-american populations with little emphasis on ethnic, cultural, or class distinctions. if the epistemic origins of psychotherapy and its emphasis on the "interior self" of emotions, thoughts, and perceptions are a holdover from 19 ...19968790687
attempted suicide in europe: rates, trends and sociodemographic characteristics of suicide attempters during the period 1989-1992. results of the who/euro multicentre study on parasuicide.the world health organization/euro multicentre project on parasuicide is part of the action to implement target 12 of the who programme, "health for all by the year 2000', for the european region. sixteen centres in 13 european countries are participating in the monitoring aspect of the project, in which trends in the epidemiology of suicide attempts are assessed. the highest average male age-standardized rate of suicide attempts was found for helsinki, finland (314/100,000), and the lowest rate ...19968792901
policy relevance of the health expectancy indicator; an inventory in european union countries.due to epidemiological transitions in population health both an increase in life expectancy and in chronic morbidity and disability have been observed in many countries. consequently the tension between 'living longer' on the one hand and the 'quality of life' on the other have become a central health policy problem. the introduction of the indicator 'health expectancy' (he), a measurement that combines mortality data with morbidity and disability data, was a logical reaction to these changes an ...199610172658
interactions between public health nurses and clients on american indian reservations during the 1930s.this essay examines the encounters between clients and public health nurses hired by the office of indian affairs to work on american indian reservations during the 1930s. it relies on two different types of sources. the first are the accounts of the nurses, including letters, memoirs, and above all their monthly and annual reports to washington. the second are oral histories conducted by the authors with elderly residents of two sioux reservations in south dakota during august 1993. one of the ...199611613272
racial differences in body type preferences of men for women.research indicates that african-american women have a significantly higher prevalence of obesity, a markedly lower prevalence of eating disorders, and greater satisfaction with their bodies than euro-american women. one potential contributing explanation for this difference may be differential body type preferences between the men in the two communities.19968704726
body shape ideals across gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, race, and age in personal advertisements.to assess body shape ideals across gender, sexual orientation, race, socio-economic status, and age,19968704725
chorionic villus sampling safety. report of world health organization/euro meeting in association with the seventh international conference on early prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases, tel-aviv, israel, may 21, 1994.accumulated experience of 138,996 cases of chorionic villus sampling shows that chorionic villus sampling is a safe procedure with an associated fetal loss rate comparable to that of amniocentesis. the chorionic villus sampling registry shows that chorionic villus sampling is currently performed primarily between 9 and 12 weeks' gestation and carried no increased risk of limb reduction defects: the overall incidence of limb reduction defects after chorionic villus sampling is 5.2 to 5.7 per 10,0 ...19968633647
occasional series: lupus around the world systemic lupus erythematosus research in the asia-pacific region: a co-ordinated and co-operative approach.research on sle in the asia-pacific region is presently conducted separately in various centres. a co-ordinated and co-operative approach is advocated for a long-term, prospective study on lupus patients in this region. a pilot study involving beijing, shanghai and singapore has been initiated with the intention of expanding it to a larger study, involving up to 1000 newly diagnosed lupus patients who will be followed up for 10 years. the study design and term definitions are patterned after tha ...19968646219
temperature dependence of proton buffering capacity of htk, euro-collins, and uw solution. 19968644253
histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate versus euro-collins for preservation of kidneys from non-heart-beating donors. 19968644177
trehalose-containing solutions enhance preservation of cultured endothelial cells.we have developed two types of preservation solutions containing trehalose. et-kyoto solution (et-k) is an extracellular type and it-kyoto solution (it-k) is an intracellular type. in the present study we examined with in vitro assays the ability of et-k, it-k, euro-collins (ec), and university of wisconsin (uw) solutions to preserve a murine endothelial cell line. the viability of cells stored in the solutions at 4 degrees c was determined by trypan blue exclusion and mtt assay.19968572764
legal aspects of euro legislation: border crossing transfer of data. 199623511881
euro-registration of pacemakers: state-of-the-art 1993. 199623511880
[left single lung transplantation in treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a case report].a single left lung transplantation was performed on a 48-year-old male with end-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in february 1995. the surgical technic used was similar to that mentioned in the literature. the donor lung was perfused by cold euro-collins solution with a cold ischemic time of 190 minutes. cardiopulmonary bypass was not used. the patient weaned from ventilator on the next day of operation (22 hours). immunosuppression included cyclosporine, azathioprine and corticosteroid using ...19969275683
israeli-arabic cooperation in oncology under euro-american auspices. 19969081387
alcohol problems among suicide attempters in the nordic countries.the purpose of this study was to see whether and how the number of suicide attempters with alcohol problems and their drinking habits differ between the nordic areas under study. problem-drinkers were defined as persons who themselves felt that they had an alcohol problem. the analyses were based on data collected at five nordic research centers participating in the who/euro multicentre study on parasuicide, namely: helsinki (finland); umeå and stockholm (sweden); słr-trłndelag (norway); and ode ...19969018904
clinical experience with retrograde lung preservation.previous reports and our own experimental work suggest increased vascularity of the tracheobronchial wall when retrograde lung preservation is used. this principle was clinically applied in 21 consecutive lung transplant recipients (10 single and 11 bilateral). lung preservation was achieved via the left atrial appendage and drainage was obtained through the pulmonary artery. pneumoplegic preservation was achieved with modified euro-collins solution. cardioplegia was induced by the standard meth ...19968959849
the last revised "euro-american classification" of lymphoid leukemias and non-hodgkin's lymphomas: the same inaccuracies and inconsistencies in a chaotic complexity.after a review of the recent physiologic, cellular genetic and molecular genetic acquisitions, a critical comment of the proposed classification is presented concerning especially a) the inclusion in the so-called "precursor b-lymphoblastic leukemias", which are pre-b neoplasias, of burkitt's leukemic lymphoma, the cells of which are sig+, hence b and not pre b; b) the inclusion in the chronic b lymphocytic leukemia of the so-called galton's "prolymphocytic" leukemia, the cells of which are also ...19968881366
the who-euro multicentre study: risk of parasuicide and the comparability of the areas under study.the 15 areas under study in the who/euro multicentre study on parasuicide vary considerably with regard to socio-economic factors, culture, life-styles, etc. in this paper, the authors discuss whether the traditional high risk factors for suicidal behavior (such as unemployment, abuse, divorce, etc.) take on different weights depending on local societal and cultural settings. results from analyzing covariations between various background factors characteristic of the different areas under study ...19968768404
a repetition-prediction study on european parasuicide populations. part ii of the who/euro multicentre study on parasuicide in cooperation with the ec concerted action on attempted suicide.one of the aims of the inter-european study on parasuicide, which was initiated by who/euro in the mid-1980s, was to try and identify social and personal characteristics predictive of future suicidal behavior. a follow-up interview study (the repetition-prediction study) was designed, and so far 1145 interviews have been carried out at nine research centers, representing seven european countries. the study and the instrument used (the european parasuicide study interview schedules, epsis i and i ...19968768403
cold- and cryopreservation of dog liver and kidney slices.the use of tissue slices in culture could decrease the number of animals used in health-related research and decrease experimental variation. this reduction may come about particularly if the methods of cold- and cryopreserving tissue slices are perfected, and one can conduct sequential in vitro experiments into xenobiotic metabolism, organ-specific toxicity, or organ-specific biochemical processes with tissue slices. with this goal in mind, dog liver and kidney slices were placed in cold storag ...19968812095
health beliefs as predictors of hiv-preventive behavior and ethnic differences in prediction.the incidence of a variety of safer-sex behaviors was predicted, using five measures from the health belief model (janz & becker, 1984): perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, social support, and perceived barriers. the participants, 424 u.s. undergraduates at six schools, completed a written questionnaire. the results of multiple regression analyses indicated that perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, and social support predicted many safer-sex behaviors. although the h ...19968851449
hiv infection and aids in jerusalem: a microcosm of illness in israel.during the decade 1985-94, 158 individuals (124 males, 34 females) with hiv/aids were seen at the aids clinic of hadassah university hospital. they comprised 10% of the total reported number of hiv-infected israelis and included 6% of all reported hiv-infected ethiopians and all hiv-infected west bank palestinians. most individuals (82%) were self-referred; 12% were detected through the local hiv screening clinic. risk groups for aids were homo/bisexuality (39%), heterosexual relations (30%), in ...19968865824
amelioration of pulmonary allograft injury by administering a second rinse solution.the use of rinse solutions before reperfusing liver allografts has been shown to reduce cell death in rats. carolina rinse solution (an extracellular solution that contains antioxidants, vasodilators, and other substrates that help prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury) has also been shown to improve liver function clinically in liver transplant recipients. this pilot study evaluates the value of a second pulmonary artery flush before reperfusion of a lung graft.19968873728
comparison of low potassium euro-collins solution and standard euro-collins solution in an extracorporeal rat heart-lung model.euro-collins solution (ec) is routinely used in lung transplantation. the high potassium of ec, however, may damage the vascular endothelium, thereby contributing to postischemic reperfusion injury. to assess the influence of the potassium concentration on lung preservation, we evaluated the effect of a "low potassium euro-collins solution" (lpec), in which the sodium and potassium concentrations were reversed.19968875169
rat whole-limb viability after cold immersion using university of wisconsin and euro-collins solutions.the purpose of this study was to compare university of wisconsin (uw) solution with euro-collins (ec) solution in their cold preservation effects on rat limbs. thirty-six lewis rat limbs were preserved in ec solution (n=18) or uw solution (n=18) at 4 degrees c for 72 hr, and grafted orthotopically to a syngeneic rat using microsurgical techniques. the surgeon was blinded to the solution used. we evaluated the vascular patency rate and death rate of both groups at day 7 after surgery and performe ...19968878378
morphological changes of human pulmonary-artery endothelial cells after 12-hours hypothermic storage in organ-preservation solutions.pulmonary endothelial cells are known to be fundamental for lung preservation and one of the most serious limiting factors observed during transplantation is the stress to which these cells are subjected. on this premise, strenuous efforts should be made to select and employ the preservation solution best able to prolong ischemia time and thus prevent cytotoxic effects. the aim of this study was to identify the solution with minimum toxicity on endothelial cells. for this purpose, we analysed th ...19968885690
influence of dextrans on lung preservation: is the molecular weight important?the addition of dextran with a molecular weight of 40,000 dalton in pulmonary preservation solutions has proved to be beneficial. however, dextrans of other size have not yet been investigated. therefore, it is unclear whether dextran 40,000 represents the optimal additive for lung preservation solutions.19968889986
improving the palatability of oral rehydration solutions has implications for salt and water transport: a study in animal models.it is believed that improving the taste of oral rehydration solutions (orss) might lead to greater patient acceptability. a pilot trial showed that replacing glucose with sucrose and increasing the citrate concentration at the expense of chloride improves palatability. however, the transport implications of such modifications are not known. three hypotonic experimental orss (suc/cit-ors, 211 mosmol/kg; suc/cl-ors, 224 mosmol/kg; and glu-ors, 224 mosmol/kg) were compared with a standard european ...19968890078
studies of rat lung viability and adenine nucleotide metabolism after death.prior studies from our laboratory have supported the use of cadaveric lungs for transplantation. in this study we investigated different preservation strategies for lungs retrieved from cadavers 4 hours after circulatory arrest.19968893582
relative importance of prostaglandin/cyclic adenosine monophosphate and nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathways in lung preservation.modulation of vascular tone and platelet and neutrophil function through the prostaglandin/cyclic adenosine monophosphate or nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway can benefit lung graft function. the relative importance of these pathways is unclear.19968893590
recovery of adenosine triphosphate tissue levels of grafts preserved by the two-layer method after reperfusion.recovery of tissue adenosine triphosphate (atp) levels after transplantation is very important for graft survival. we examined whether the pancreas grafts preserved by the two-layer method have the ability to synthesize atp after reperfusion, and this is one of the mechanisms of action for the two-layer method in successful pancreas preservation. after preservation by the two-layer method using euro-collins' solution (ec) for 48 h (group 1, n = 5) or simple cold storage in ec for 48 h (group 2, ...19968896732
comparison of bretschneider's-htk and euro-collins solution using an in vitro small bowel perfusion model. 19968907988
nicorandil, a potent adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium-channel opener, ameliorates lung allograft reperfusion injury.lung allograft ischemia-reperfusion injury, characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary edema, and hypoxia, is the most frequent cause of early graft failure. exogenous nitric oxide has been shown to reduce lung allograft reperfusion injury. during hypoxia, the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel is an important ionic channel that links the bioenergetic metabolism to membrane excitability. it has been shown to play a critical role in vascular permeability a ...19968911328
effects of ischaemia and preservation on the ultrastructure of the bronchiolar epithelium. a quantitative electron microscopic study of human and canine lungs.in ten cases of clinical human single-lung transplantation, the nontransplanted euro-collins-preserved contralateral lungs were examined using electron microscopy to determine the effects of ischaemia on the bronchiolar epithelium. existing structural damage at the time of transplantation was characterized using this approach, and nine nonpreserved canine single lungs were also investigated to identify the impact of ischaemia. the study revealed a significant correlation between the duration of ...19968917712
evaluation of four commercial enzyme immunoassays for detection of immunoglobulin m antibodies to human parvovirus b19.four commercial enzyme immunoassays (eias) for the detection of parvovirus b19-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies [biotrin parvovirus b19 igm (biotrin international, ireland); parvoscan b19 igm (euro-diagnostica, sweden); parvovirus igm (immunobiological laboratories [ibl], germany); and human parvovirus b19 igm (hillcrest biologicals, usa)] were compared to indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). using ifa as the reference test, high sensitivities (> ...19968922581
effects of euro-collins, university of wisconsin, and new extracellular-type trehalase-containing kyoto solutions in an ex vivo rat lung preservation model.we have previously reported the effects of trehalose-based extracellular-type kyoto (et-k) solution in lung preservation. now, we have developed a new et-k solution by adding three substances--n-acetyl cysteine, dibutyryl cyclic amp, and nitroglycerin, to et-k solution. we studied the effects of new et-k solution in lung preservation, and compare it with euro-collins (ec) and university of wisconsin (uw) solutions using an ex vivo rat reperfusion model.19968932258
an effective solution for prolonged preservation of cultured human pulmonary artery endothelial cells.pulmonary endothelium is considered the compartment most susceptible to preservation damage. this investigation was designed to analyze the efficacy of an original, university of parma low-potassium-albumin solution (spal up) on cultured human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hpaec) and to compare its effects with those of university of wisconsin solution (uw) and euro-collins solution (ec). cryopreserved hpaec tertiary cultures were inoculated at the density of 5000 cells/cm2 in 9-cm2 well-p ...19968932290
preservative effects of trehalose on rat muscle flaps.in this experiment, the effect of trehalose on the preservation of rat gracilis muscle flaps was studied. the muscle flaps were preserved in 4 degrees c euro-collins solution or 4 degrees c trehalose-euro-collins solution for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, and then replanted in the same rats using microsurgical techniques. immediately after preservation and 1 week after replantation, the levels of adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate in flaps preserved in the trehalose-euro-collins so ...19968937609
a bewitching case of factitious disorder in zimbabwe.a rural zimbabwean man attributed the appearance of needles in his leg to witchcraft, but medical practitioners suspected that the needles were self-introduced. psychiatric evaluation revealed no major mental illness. the patient met criteria for the euro-american diagnosis of factitious disorder, persisting in his claim that he had been the victim of witchcraft. the patient's claim cannot be considered delusional because belief in witchcraft is culturally sanctioned within shona culture. the ca ...19968937912
impaired bronchial healing after lung donation from non-heart-beating donors.bronchial viability after lung transplantation remains a concern. modern preservation methods, surgical technique, and limited cold ischemic periods have decreased the frequency of bronchial complications. however, lungs procured from non-heart-beating donors are subjected to a mandatory period of warm ischemia. we investigated bronchial healing in a porcine survival model of left lung transplantation using organ procurement from non-heart-beating donors after a 60-minute period of warm ischemia ...19968956117
l-arginine administration during reperfusion improves pulmonary function.nitric oxide is crucial to the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. because nitric oxide levels decline upon lung reperfusion, infusion of l-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, during reperfusion might prove effective at ameliorating reperfusion injury.19968957355
protective effect of uw solution on postischemic injury in rat liver: suppression of reduction in hepatic antioxidants during reperfusion.preservation with university of wisconsin (uw) solution can maintain liver graft function and produces survival rates of recipients higher than that with euro collins (ec) solution. to explore the underlying mechanisms, we transplanted rat livers following cold preservation with ec or uw solution for 18 hr, and measured hepatic adenine nucleotide levels, the percentage of water content, lactate levels, and endogenous antioxidant levels (alpha-tocopherol [alpha-toc], reduced coenzyme q9 [coq9h2], ...19968958262
hepatic resuscitation after warm anoxia: one approach for increasing the donor pool for liver transplantation.the deleterious effects of warm anoxia on the liver are seen to be irreversible if cooling and transplantation (lt) follow immediately after. the aim of our study is to demonstrate that livers subjected to anoxia may be suitable for lt if a period of resuscitation is interposed before the cooling process. forty female large white pigs were used. preservation (euro-collins solution) and lt technique were the same in all 20 procedures. all donors underwent clamping of the porta hepatis at the end ...19968959807
both blood and crystalloid-based extracellular solutions are superior to intracellular solutions for lung preservation.lung transplantation remains limited by donor organ ischemic time, inadequate graft preservation, and reperfusion injury. we evaluated lung preservation with use of an extracellular solution, with or without the addition of blood, as compared with preservation with the intracellular euro-collins solution.19968975843
adenine nucleotide metabolism of canine pancreas graft preserved by the two-layer (euro-collins' solution/perfluorochemical) method after reperfusion.we have demonstrated that oxygenation of a pancreas during preservation by the two-layer method leads continued atp production to maintain cellular integrity and produces an extended period of preserved pancreatic viability. in this study, we examined whether the pancreas grafts preserved by the two-layer method maintained adenine nucleotides pool as substrates for atp synthesis before reperfusion and had the ability to synthesize atp promptly and to recover energy charge potential (ecp) of the ...19968984228
the importance of static lung inflation during organ storage: the impact of varying ischemic intervals in a double lung rat transplantation model.to determine the importance of static lung inflation during storage, graft performance was evaluated at different levels of intratracheal pressure and varying ischemic intervals. lewis rat lungs were perfused with low-potassium euro-collins and stored for 4 or 8 hr either in atelectasis (4 hr: group i; 8 hr: group iv, respectively) or 13 (group ii; v) or 26 cmh2o of airway pressure (groups iii, vi). following implantation continuous measurement of alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (aado2*) and ...19968990350
[proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of excised pig liver].after evaluating ex vivo pig liver by 1h magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1h-mrs) using a 1.5 tesla super-conducting unit, the assignment of peaks was reevaluated in vitro using a 9.4 tesla superconducting unit. the portal vein was cannulated and perfused by cooled euro-collins solution, and pig liver was removed and preserved in the solution. five to 8 g of the liver was excised before and after preservation, then extracted by perchloric acid (pca). in 1h-mrs of pca extracted pig liver, large p ...19968992454
canine double-lung transplantation with cadaveric donors.if lungs could be retrieved from cadavers after circulatory arrest, the critical shortage of donors for lung transplantation might be alleviated. to assess gas exchange after transplantation of lungs from cadaveric donors, we performed double-lung transplantation through sequential thoracotomies in 12 dogs. donors were sacrificed by intravenous pentobarbital injection and then ventilated with 100% oxygen. lungs were harvested 2 hours (n = 6) or 4 hours (n = 6) after death and flushed with 2 l mo ...19968800142
neutrophil endopeptidase inhibitor improves pulmonary function during reperfusion after eighteen-hour preservation.reperfusion injury remains a significant problem after lung transplantation and is thought to be in part mediated by neutrophils. ulinastatin inhibits release of elastase and cathepsin g from neutrophil granules. we hypothesized that inhibition of these neutrophi endopeptidases (proteases) would attenuate pulmonary reperfusion injury.19968800146
donor lungs from ventilated cadavers: impart of a free radical scavenger.the shortage of donors for lung transplantation may be alleviated with the use of lungs retrieved from cadavers. the purpose of this study was to determine whether a free radical scavenger, dimethylthiourea, would improve the function of lungs retrieved from ventilated cadavers.19968777211
nitroprusside ameliorates lung allograft reperfusion injury.nitric oxide is believed to play a critical role in the maintenance of vascular integrity through its interaction with neutrophils, platelets, and cellular components of the vessel wall. it has been reported that endogenous nitric oxide level was depressed after ischemia, reperfusion, or both. furthermore, exogenous as well as endogenous nitric oxide decreases reperfusion-induced vascular dysfunction. we hypothesized that nitroprusside, a potent nitric oxide donor, might enhance lung preservatio ...19968784010
inhaled nitric oxide improves lung allograft function after prolonged storage.morbidity caused by early allograft dysfunction, manifested by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and a decrease in oxygenation, remains a serious problem in lung transplantation. inhalation of nitric oxide, an essential homeostatic molecule, has been shown to have beneficial effects on a variety of acute lung injuries. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of inhaled nitric oxide on posttransplant function of canine left lung allografts. fourteen do ...19968751493
insulin-like growth factor-i attenuates delayed graft function in a canine renal autotransplantation model.insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) has been shown to accelerate recovery in animal models of ischemic or toxic acute renal injury. ischemic renal injury is frequently encountered after cadaveric transplantation manifested as delayed graft function. this study was performed to determine whether perfusion of kidneys with preservation solution supplemented with igf-i would improve the course of renal injury in a canine autotransplantation model of delayed graft function.19968751586
a new family of entodiniomorph protozoa from the marsupial forestomach, with descriptions of a new genus and five new species.a unique group of entodiniomorph protozoa was found in forestomach contents from quokka (setonix brachyurus), western grey kangaroo (macropus fuliginosus), red kangaroo (macropus rufus) and euro (macropus robustus erubescens). a new genus, macropodinium n.g., containing five new species, is described. three species are described from forestomach contents of the quokka: macropodinium baldense n. sp., macropodinium moiri n. sp. and macropodinium setonixum n. sp. a single species, macropodinium enn ...19968768432
prostacyclin analog op2507 prevents pulmonary arterial and airway constriction during lung preservation and reperfusion.the effects of op2507 on lung preservation with cold euro-collins solution and during the reperfusion period were evaluated.19968771502
lung retrieval from cadaver donors with nonbeating hearts: optimal preservation solution.we have previously studied the time course of pulmonary cell viability, ultrastructural damage, and adenine nucleotide metabolites after circulatory arrest in a rat model to investigate the feasibility of lung retrieval for transplantation from cadavers. this study was designed to investigate the effect of hypothermic flush and subsequent 4-hour storage with either modified euro-collins or university of wisconsin solution on lungs retrieved 4 hours after death.19968771505
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