Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| how should we evaluate patient access to their own records? an example with cancer patients in scotland. | government policy in many european countries now assumes that patients should have access to their own medical records. increasingly such access can be used as one method of tailoring a wide range of information to the patient. process evaluation, to ensure that human computer interfaces of such systems are appropriate, is needed during their design and implementation. however, studies to assess the impact on health outcomes are relatively expensive and time consuming so are they worth doing? we ... | 2003 | 14663979 |
| pesticide firms ask to use human data to assess safety. | 2003 | 12529604 | |
| the assessment of the amount of fat in the human body from measurements of skinfold thickness. 1967. | 2003 | 12572562 | |
| long-term study of antibody response and injection-site effects of oil adjuvants in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l). | atlantic halibut were injected intraperitoneally with human gamma globulin suspended in either phosphate buffered saline, freunds complete adjuvant or montanide isa711 to test the long-term effects of adjuvants. every month for 12 months up to five animals from each group were sampled. the peritoneal cavity was examined and the adhesion level scored on an arbitrary scale. serum was also collected and analysed by elisa for antibodies to human gamma globulin. results show that whilst fca produced ... | 2003 | 12657538 |
| professional advantage and public health: british veterinarians and state veterinary services, 1865-1939. | at the beginning of the twentieth century, municipal authorities in england and wales, and in scotland, began to develop systems of veterinary public health which encompassed both the welfare of animals and the safety of meat and milk intended for human consumption. this paper examines the motives behind veterinary attempts to extend the integration of human and animal health considerations within the public health framework in the inter-war period. in 1938 the ministry of agriculture implemente ... | 2003 | 12688295 |
| the threat of climate change to freshwater pearl mussel populations. | changes in climate are occurring around the world and the effects on ecosystems will vary, depending on the extent and nature of these changes. in northern europe, experts predict that annual rainfall will increase significantly, along with dramatic storm events and flooding in the next 50-100 years. scotland is a stronghold of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel, margaritifera margaritifera (l.), and a number of populations may be threatened. for example, large floods have been shown to adve ... | 2003 | 12691490 |
| anaesthetists' non-technical skills (ants): evaluation of a behavioural marker system. | non-technical skills are critical for good anaesthetic practice but are not addressed explicitly in normal training. realization of the need to train and assess these skills is growing, but these activities must be based on properly developed skills frameworks and validated measurement tools. a prototype behavioural marker system was developed using human factors research techniques. the aim of this study was to conduct an experimental evaluation to establish its basic psychometric properties an ... | 2003 | 12697584 |
| william porterfield (ca. 1696-1771) and his phantom limb: an overlooked first self-report by a man of medicine. | early reports of phantom limbs by ambroise paré and rené descartes were based on second- or third-hand descriptions provided by amputees. william porterfield (ca. 1696-1771) was a prominent scottish physician and was possibly the first man of medicine to write about his experiences after having a leg amputated. porterfield was an authority on vision; he devised the first optometer and examined accommodation after cataract operations. rather than using the phenomenon of a phantom limb to question ... | 2003 | 12699565 |
| henry wade (1876-1955) and cancer research: early years in the life of a pioneer of urological surgery. | this paper describes the microscopic studies of human and experimental cancers made by henry wade during the years 1904-9. william ford robertson, his mentor, and wade claimed to have discovered a microbial cause of human cancer. the claim was at once fiercely disputed. wade turned to the investigation of a transmissible sarcoma of the dog, during which he demonstrated an early form of immune transplant rejection. he also undertook studies of hodgkin's disease. later in life, wade established ur ... | 2003 | 12717535 |
| first rotavirus, now astrovirus: the evolving benefits of rt-pcr. | we compared rt-pcr and a newly developed amplified eia for the detection of human astrovirus (hastv) in 48 stool samples taken from children of less than five years of age with gastroenteritis. the rt-pcr classified more samples as positive than the eia (18 versus 8). without sensitive diagnosis, infection control policies will be disadvantaged and the true economic burden of hastv underestimated. | 2003 | 12736977 |
| multilocus genotyping of cryptosporidium parvum type 2: population genetics and sub-structuring. | cryptosporidium parvum is an intracellular protozoan parasite that infects the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other mammals. it has significant economic importance as a pathogen of livestock and, as there is no effective treatment or vaccine available, understanding transmission routes and identifying sources of infection is key to preventing future outbreaks and controlling this disease. in this study we have determined the multilocus genotype (mlg) of 240 c. parvum type 2 (bovine) isolat ... | 2003 | 14522184 |
| a polymorphism of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene predicts cardiovascular events in non-smokers in the west of scotland coronary prevention study. | the association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (cetp) gene polymorphisms with risk of a cardiovascular event and whether any association was explained by an influence on high-density lipoprotein (hdl) levels or low-density lipoprotein (ldl) size was tested in the west of scotland coronary prevention study (woscops). gene-smoking and gene-treatment interactions were investigated. | 2003 | 14563342 |
| man convicted of grievous bodily harm for infecting two women with hiv. | 2003 | 14576243 | |
| epidemiology of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium in animals and people in scotland between 1990 and 2001. | two serovars of salmonella which are currently of particular importance in both human and animal infections are salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis phage type 4 (pt4) and typhimurium definitive type 104 (dt104). this paper describes the trends in the relationships between the levels of infection of people and a range of farm animal species with these two serovars and explores some of the reasons behind them. in 1996, there was a peak of 520 reports of s typhimurium dt104 infection in people ... | 2003 | 14620550 |
| the population structure of mycobacterium bovis in great britain: clonal expansion. | we have analyzed 11,500 isolates of mycobacterium bovis (the cause of tuberculosis in cattle and other mammals) isolated in great britain (england, wales and scotland)] and characterized by spoligotype. genetic exchange between cells is rare or absent in strains of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex so that, by using spoligotypes, it is possible to recognize "clones" with a recent common ancestor. the distribution of variable numbers of tandem repeats types in the most common clone in the da ... | 2003 | 14657373 |
| high resolution hla-drb1 identification of a caucasian population. | polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes typing methods have been applied to 1000 individuals from the northern ireland population to give human leukocyte antigen drb1 (hla-drb1) allele assignment. hla-drb1 allele frequencies and four-locus haplotypes (a/b/c/dr) for this caucasian population, based on hla class i and class ii allele assignment, are now presented. no significant deviations from hardy-weinberg proportions were observed. the hla-c locus exhibited marginal ... | 2004 | 14700598 |
| investigation of frequency of active borna disease virus infection in scottish blood donors. | borna disease virus (bdv) can infect a wide range of vertebrate species causing neurological disease. in order to ensure the safety of blood supplies, it is essential to monitor blood for emerging pathogens. | 2004 | 15023186 |
| is the prevalence and shedding concentrations of e. coli o157 in beef cattle in scotland seasonal? | the prevalence of escherichia coli o157 in scottish beef cattle at abattoir was found to be greater during the cooler months [11.2% (95% ci, 8.4-13.9%)] compared to the warmer months [7.5% (95% ci, 5.4-9.6%)]; the reverse of seasonality of human infections. however, high shedding beef cattle (excreting 10(-4) g(-1)) appear to shed greater concentrations of e. coli o157 in the warmer months which may partly explain increased human infection seasonality at this time. | 2004 | 15063499 |
| post-exposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus infection in the royal infirmary of edinburgh--an audit. | the purpose of the audit was to assess the implementation of the protocols developed by lothian university national health service trust for post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) against blood-borne virus infections. patients at risk of infection after an injury were referred to the department of genitourinary medicine (gum) edinburgh royal infirmary for assessment. a brief description of the incident, the time of the incident, the time of referral and the decision made was documented. the notes of th ... | 2004 | 15006077 |
| national survey for salmonella in pigs, cattle and sheep at slaughter in great britain (1999-2000). | the objective of these surveys was to estimate the prevalence of faecal carriage of salmonella in healthy pigs, cattle and sheep at slaughter, and of pig carcase contamination with salmonella. these data can be used as a baseline against which future change in salmonella prevalence in these species at slaughter can be monitored. | 2004 | 15012813 |
| multiple high risk hpv infections are common in cervical neoplasia and young women in a cervical screening population. | if human papillomavirus (hpv) testing is to be included within cervical screening programmes, the importance of multiple hpv infections in cervical neoplasia needs to be determined. this study investigated the diversity of multiple hpv types in a routine cervical screening population, and assessed associations with cervical neoplasia. | 2004 | 14693839 |
| the origin of the isolated population of the faroe islands investigated using y chromosomal markers. | historical, archaeological and linguistic sources suggest that the ancestors of the present day population in the faroe islands may have their origin in several different regions surrounding the north atlantic ocean. in this study we use binary and microsatellite markers of the y chromosome to analyse genetic diversity in the faroese population and to compare this with the distribution of genotypes in the putative ancestral populations. using a combination of genetic distance measures, assignmen ... | 2004 | 15083358 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 remains the principal cause of initial anogenital herpes in edinburgh, scotland. | the goal of this study was to investigate the trends in the prevalence of anogenital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus (hsv) type-1 and hsv-2 among patients attending a sexually transmitted infections clinic. | 2004 | 15107637 |
| nod2/card15, tlr4 and cd14 mutations in scottish and irish crohn's disease patients: evidence for genetic heterogeneity within europe? | nod2/caspase recruitment domain (card)15 variants are identified in up to 50% of crohn's disease (cd) patients. functional variants of toll-like receptor-4 (tlr4) and cd14 genes may also be relevant to disease pathophysiology. we aimed to assess the contribution of nod2/card15, tlr4 and cd14 variants in scottish and irish cd patients. in all, 612 patients with well-characterised inflammatory bowel disease (252 scottish cd, 247 scottish uc, 113 irish cd) and 304 controls were genotyped for varian ... | 2004 | 15190267 |
| runx2 alleles associated with bmd in scottish women; interaction of runx2 alleles with menopausal status and body mass index. | bone mineral density (bmd) is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. we previously reported the association of the runx2 a allele with increased bone mineral density (bmd) and protection against a common form of osteoporotic fracture within a geelong population. we genotyped 991 women from a scottish cohort to decipher the role of runx2 alleles in regulating bmd. the alleles of runx2 within the glutamine-alanine repeat were determined by mspa1i restriction digest. allele frequenci ... | 2004 | 15193550 |
| changing patterns in causes of death in a cohort of injecting drug users, 1980-2001. | high mortality among drug users has been widely recognized. this study investigates, in a large family practice of 10 000 patients in edinburgh, scotland, whether there has been a change in causes of mortality over time. patients known to have ever injected drugs were recruited into a cohort study from 1980 until 2001. | 2004 | 15197047 |
| a genome scan and follow-up study identify a bipolar disorder susceptibility locus on chromosome 1q42. | in this study, we report a genome scan for psychiatric disease susceptibility loci in 13 scottish families. we follow up one of the linkage peaks on chromosome 1q in a substantially larger sample of 22 families affected by schizophrenia (scz) or bipolar affective disorder (bpad). to minimise the effect of genetic heterogeneity, we collected mainly large extended families (average family size >18). the families collected were scottish, carried no chromosomal abnormalities and were unrelated to th ... | 2004 | 15249933 |
| do real time 'flu spotter rates warn us about impending emergency admissions and deaths? | this study aimed to determine how general practice influenza surveillance ('flu spotter) data related to hospital admissions and deaths in scotland during the winter period. 'flu spotter rates correlated well with influenza-related emergency admissions and deaths, and deaths from all causes, particularly during 'peak' influenza years. they may be used in a predictive model for influenza-related hospital admissions and deaths. | 2004 | 15259412 |
| virological surveillance of influenza-like illness in the community using pcr and serology. | surveillance of winter respiratory viral illness has been carried out for nearly 30 years using a clinical diagnosis by general practitioners as part of the scottish sentinel general practice (ssgp) network. contemparaneous laboratory diagnosis has not been available previously. | 2004 | 15288612 |
| an outbreak due to peanuts in their shell caused by salmonella enterica serotypes stanley and newport--sharing molecular information to solve international outbreaks. | salmonellosis is a global problem caused by the international movement of foods and high incidence in exporting countries. in september 2001, in an outbreak investigation australia isolated salmonella stanley from imported peanuts, which resulted in a wider investigation in canada, england & wales and scotland. patients infected with salmonella serotypes known to be isolated from peanuts and reported to surveillance systems were interviewed to determine exposure histories. tagged image file form ... | 2004 | 15310157 |
| human campylobacteriosis in scotland: seasonality, regional trends and bursts of infection. | fourier time-series models were constructed to study regional and national seasonality of human campylobacteriosis in scotland between 1997 and 2001. strong seasonality was demonstrated with an annual peak of reported cases in late june to early july. the prominence of this peak varied between regions, which was exemplified for the two major population centres: lothian, with mixed urban/rural population, had a more prominent peak than greater glasgow, which has a predominantly urban population. ... | 2004 | 15310159 |
| associations between two common variants c677t and a1298c in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and measures of folate metabolism and dna stability (strand breaks, misincorporated uracil, and dna methylation status) in human lymphocytes in vivo. | homozygosity for variants of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) gene is associated with decreased risk for colorectal cancer. we have investigated the relationships between two variants of the mthfr gene (c677t and a1298c) and blood folate, homocysteine, and genomic stability (strand breakage, misincorporated uracil, and global cytosine methylation in lymphocytes) in a study of 199 subjects. | 2004 | 15342443 |
| a genetic mechanism implicates chromosome 11 in schizophrenia and bipolar diseases. | the causes of schizophrenia and bipolar human psychiatric disorders are unknown. a novel somatic cell genetic model postulated nonrandom segregation of "watson" vs. "crick" dna chains of both copies of a chromosome to specific daughter cells. such an oriented asymmetric cell division causes development of healthy, functionally nonequivalent brain hemispheres. genetic translocations of the chromosome may cause disease by disrupting the biased strand-segregation process. only one-half of chromosom ... | 2004 | 15342521 |
| high-level genotypic variation and antibiotic sensitivity among escherichia coli o157 strains isolated from two scottish beef cattle farms. | escherichia coli o157:h7 is a human pathogen that is carried and transmitted by cattle. scotland is known to have one of the highest rates of e. coli o157 human infections in the world. two hundred ninety-three isolates were obtained from naturally infected cattle and the environment on two farms in the scottish highlands. the isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with xbai restriction endonuclease enzyme, and 19 different variations in patterns were found. there was con ... | 2004 | 15466537 |
| scottish researchers apply for licence for human cloning. | 2004 | 15472259 | |
| cyp3a4 polymorphisms--potential risk factors for breast and prostate cancer: a huge review. | the steroid hydroxylase cyp3a4 is the most abundant p-450 enzyme in the human liver, and cyp3a enzymes metabolize more than 50% of prescription drugs. the cyp3a4 gene is expressed in the liver, gut, colon, prostate, and breast. individual variation in cyp3a4 may play a role in breast and prostate carcinogenesis through modulation of sex hormone metabolite levels. alternatively, cyp3a4 can metabolically activate exogenous carcinogens. cyp3a4 activity varies widely in humans, and more than 78 dna ... | 2004 | 15496535 |
| newspaper coverage of a violent assault by a mentally ill person. | the media is an important source of public information on mental ill-health. a man with a serious psychiatric illness attacked a minister with a knife at a remembrance sunday service in a remote, rural part of the highlands, inflicting a severe facial wound. we aimed to identify lessons for the national health service (nhs) from the media coverage of the incident and of a subsequent court case and nhs highland inquiry and in addition to explore how newspaper reporters approached reporting such i ... | 2004 | 15544660 |
| androgen receptor gene methylation and exon one cag repeat length in ovarian cancer: differences from breast cancer. | more than one neoplastic founder clone can exist in benign epithelial tumours. although theories of clonal selection make pluriclonality appear unlikely in carcinomas, published data do not exclude this possibility. this study looked for evidence of multiclonal x inactivation in ovarian carcinoma using ar methylation as a marker. fifteen unifocal ovarian carcinomas and 14 multifocal carcinomas all in scottish patients were studied. one representative formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour block ... | 2004 | 15545219 |
| shedding patterns of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli strains in a cohort of calves and their dams on a scottish beef farm. | rectal fecal samples were taken once a week from 49 calves on the same farm. in addition, the dams of the calves were sampled at the time of calf birth and at the end of the study. strains of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) were isolated from these samples by using pcr and dna probe hybridization tests and were characterized with respect to serotype, verocytotoxin gene (vtx) type, and the presence of the intimin (eae) and hemolysin (ehxa) genes. a total of 170 vtec strains were i ... | 2004 | 15574948 |
| characterization of common genetic variants in cathepsin k and testing for association with bone mineral density in a large cohort of perimenopausal women from scotland. | bmd values in approximately 3000 perimenopausal scottish women were adjusted by regression to identify and account for nongenetic factors. adjusted bmd values were not associated with simple tandem repeat (str) markers or single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) at the cathepsin k (ctsk) locus. we present a thorough analysis of common ctsk polymorphisms and genetic relatedness among ctsk haplotypes. | 2004 | 14753734 |
| methods for sentinel virological surveillance of influenza in europe - an 18-country survey. | the european influenza surveillance scheme (eiss) is based on an integrated clinical and virological surveillance model. to assess the comparability of virological data, a questionnaire was sent to participants in june 2002 enquiring about specimen collection, laboratory diagnosis of influenza and tests for other respiratory infections. the results showed differences, but also uniformity in virological data collection methods. similarities were reported for the specimen collection procedures; th ... | 2004 | 14762319 |
| haemochromatosis gene mutations and risk of coronary heart disease: a west of scotland coronary prevention study (woscops) substudy. | to measure the frequency of genotypes of the hfe (haemochromatosis) gene in patients recruited to the west of scotland coronary prevention study (woscops), and relate them to the subsequent occurrence of coronary clinical events. | 2004 | 14966054 |
| association study of notch 4 polymorphisms with alzheimer's disease. | the notch4 gene is located at 6p21.3, a site shown in several studies to have significant linkage with alzheimer's disease. | 2004 | 14966150 |
| spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 in scotland: genetic and clinical features in seven unrelated cases and a review of published reports. | to establish whether the dna expansion linked to spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (sca 8) is associated with ataxia in scotland; to clarify the range of associated clinical phenotypes; and to compare the findings with previous reports. | 2004 | 14966165 |
| [forbidden anatomy]. | since centuries anatomists have used any course of action in order to get hold of material for dissections, and at the same time avoid prosecution for grave robbery, at times the only way to get hold of cadavers. stealing newly dead people from the churchyards and offering them for sale to anatomical institutions was not uncommon in the 19th century. "resurrectionists"--as these thieves were called, as they made the dead "alive"--were seen as necessary for the teaching of anatomy in victorian br ... | 2004 | 15608779 |
| association between the gene encoding 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein and stroke replicated in a scottish population. | cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (mi) and stroke, most often occur on the background of atherosclerosis, a condition attributed to the interactions between multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. we recently reported a linkage and association study of mi and stroke that yielded a genetic variant, hapa, in the gene encoding 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (alox5ap), that associates with both diseases in iceland. we also described another alox5ap variant, hapb, t ... | 2005 | 15640973 |
| are national recommendations regarding examination and disposal of products of miscarriage being followed? a need for revised guidelines? | national guidance documents advise that tissue obtained from treatment of miscarriage should be submitted for histological examination to exclude trophoblastic disease and ectopic pregnancy, and require sensitive disposal of human tissue. the aim of this study was to determine the extent to which health professionals have adopted these recommendations. | 2005 | 15644396 |
| concentration and prevalence of escherichia coli o157 in sheep faeces at pasture in scotland. | to study the presence, numbers and virulence profiles of escherichia coli o157 in sheep faeces and validate the microbiological methods used to attain these data. | 2005 | 15715867 |
| examining how well students use correct handling procedures. | to explore the extent to which undergraduates apply taught principles when performing handling and moving activities during practice placements and the factors that influence their application. | 2005 | 15719791 |
| the role of ultraviolet wavelengths in the mate-choice decisions of female three-spined sticklebacks. | female three-spined sticklebacks have been found to use visual cues when responding sexually towards courting males, often preferring more intensely red-coloured males, and males with blue rather than silver irises. however, traditionally the literature has failed to test preference across the full spectral range to which females might be sensitive, limiting analysis to the human-visible wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. we studied the effects that the addition of ultraviolet waveleng ... | 2005 | 15802669 |
| the dental caries experience of 5-year-old children in england and wales (2003/4) and in scotland (2002/3). surveys co-ordinated by the british association for the study of community dentistry. | this paper reports the results of standardized clinical caries examinations of 5 year old children from across england and wales in 2003/4 and scotland in 2002/3. these co-ordinated surveys are the latest in a series which seek to monitor the dental health of children and to assess the delivery of dental services. | 2005 | 15819117 |
| the prevalence of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (cadasil) in the west of scotland. | cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (cadasil) is caused by mutations of the notch3 gene on 19p13. varying phenotypic expression leads to under recognition and misdiagnosis. prevalence therefore remains uncertain. we sought to estimate the prevalence of cadasil in the west of scotland. | 2005 | 15834040 |
| association between the trax/disc locus and both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in the scottish population. | the translin-associated factor x/disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (trax/disc) region was first implicated as a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia by analysis of a large scottish family in which a t(1;11) translocation cosegregates with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and recurrent major depression. we now report evidence for association between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and this locus in the general scottish population. a systematic study of linkage disequilibrium in a representative sa ... | 2005 | 15838535 |
| urban diffuse sources of faecal indicators. | increasing concern about bathing water quality in scotland has led to renewed interest in diffuse sources, as well as the already closely monitored municipal sewage effluents and combined sewer overflows (csos) that have been the subject of multi-million pound capital expenditure schemes for several years. early investigations of diffuse sources focused on rural land uses. this paper is an initial effort to consider the possible significance of urban diffuse sources. a review of the potential fo ... | 2005 | 15850189 |
| further hfea restrictions on egg donation in the uk: two strikes and you're out! | the uk and europe have lagged far behind the usa in the number of egg donation cycles performed over the past two decades. this disparity has been largely attributed to governmental restraints placed on the method within these locales, combined with the lack of regulation in the usa. severely limiting donor compensation and requiring donors to be identified 18 years or more after their participation will undoubtedly lead to the demise of egg donation as the uk now knows it. throwing more money a ... | 2005 | 15901447 |
| a tiered risk-based approach for predicting diffuse and point source phosphorus losses in agricultural areas. | implementation of the european union water framework directive requires an assessment of the pressures from human activity, which, combined with information on the sensitivity of the receiving waterbody to the pressures, will identify those water bodies at risk of failing to meet the directive's environmental objectives. part of the process of undertaking the risk assessment for lakes is an assessment of diffuse agricultural phosphorus (p) pressures. three approaches of increasing sophistication ... | 2005 | 15907520 |
| managing knowledge to support the patient journey in nhs scotland: strategic vision and practical reality. | the strategy for nhs scotland knowledge services is set in the context of a global transition to a networked model of management within health services. | 2005 | 15910579 |
| a frameshift mutation in disrupted in schizophrenia 1 in an american family with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. | in a large scottish pedigree, a balanced translocation t(1;11)(q42.1;q14.3) segregates with major mental illness, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and recurrent major depression. the translocation is predicted to result in the loss of the c-terminal region of the protein product of disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (disc1), a gene located on 1q42.1. since this initial discovery, disc1 has been functionally implicated in several processes, including neurodevelopment. based on the genetic and ... | 2005 | 15940305 |
| distribution of apolipoprotein e alleles in a scottish healthy newborn population. | the different alleles of the human apolipoprotein e polymorphism, apoe epsilon2, epsilon3, epsilon4, have important implications for systemic lipid metabolism, immunological function and for the brain in maintenance and in response to injury. few studies have focussed on their role in early life. the apoe alleles and genotypes were ascertained in the cord blood of 371 full-term and normal scottish newborn infants using pcr methodology. the results were compared to previously published data for s ... | 2005 | 15942165 |
| patient notification exercise following a dentist's admission of the periodic use of unsterilized equipment. | during 2001, greater glasgow national health service (nhs) board undertook a patient notification exercise in a glasgow dental practice following the admission, by the dentist, of the use of unsterilized dental equipment on patients. four thousand and eighty-nine exposed patients were identified; of these, 1696 contacted the nhs helpline and 1005 were counselled and screened for hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus. one patient showed evidence of prev ... | 2005 | 15942986 |
| glimpses of a hidden burden: hydatid disease in eighteenth-century scotland. | "hydatids" or watery cysts have been observed in animals and humans since ancient times, giving rise to frequent speculation as to their nature and origin. this essay focuses on an extremely rare clinical case managed at the edinburgh infirmary in 1785 by james gregory, professor of the theory of medicine. following the death of the patient, an autopsy disclosed lesions characteristic of a condition eventually labeled "echinococcosis of the liver," today one of the most common parasitic diseases ... | 2005 | 16184019 |
| genotype-phenotype analysis in childhood-onset crohn's disease: nod2/card15 variants consistently predict phenotypic characteristics of severe disease. | the incidence of early-onset cd in scotland is among the highest worldwide. three single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) r702w, g908r and leu1007finsc in the nod2/card15 gene predispose to adult cd. we investigated the contribution of these variants to disease susceptibility and phenotype in the scottish early-onset ibd population. | 2005 | 16239840 |
| a comparison of graphical and textual presentations of time series data to support medical decision making in the neonatal intensive care unit. | to compare expert-generated textual summaries of physiological data with trend graphs, in terms of their ability to support neonatal intensive care unit (icu) staff in making decisions when presented with medical scenarios. | 2005 | 16244840 |
| spatial and temporal epidemiology of sporadic human cases of escherichia coli o157 in scotland, 1996-1999. | in scotland, between 1995 and 2000 there were between 4 and 10 cases of illness per 100000 population per year identified as being caused by escherichia coli o157, whereas in england and wales there were between 1 and 2 cases per 100000 population per year. within scotland there is significant regional variation. a cluster of high rate areas was identified in the northeast of scotland and a cluster of low rate areas in central-west scotland. temporal trends follow a seasonal pattern whilst spati ... | 2005 | 16274499 |
| dietary silicon intake in post-menopausal women. | si has been suggested as an essential element, and may be important in optimal bone, skin and cardiovascular health. however, there are few estimates of dietary si intakes in man, especially in a uk population. following the development of a uk food composition database for si, the aim of the present study was to investigate dietary intakes of si amongst healthy women aged over 60 years and to identify important food sources of si in their diet. healthy, post-menopausal female subjects (>60 year ... | 2005 | 16277786 |
| human immunodeficiency virus acquired heterosexually abroad: expert panel assessment of the "indigenous/nonindigenous to the united kingdom status" of cases. | in scotland the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-diagnosed patients who were presumed to have acquired their infection abroad increased from 4% (12/269) in 1985 to 34% (53/154) in 2000. several journalists and health professionals assumed that this increase in diagnosis rate reflected hiv among persons from scotland who had acquired their infection while traveling abroad. because of limitations in hiv surveillance data quality, no attempt had been made to distinguish diagnosed pe ... | 2005 | 15996463 |
| red deer stags use formants as assessment cues during intrasexual agonistic interactions. | while vocal tract resonances or formants are key acoustic parameters that define differences between phonemes in human speech, little is known about their function in animal communication. here, we used playback experiments to present red deer stags with re-synthesized vocalizations in which formant frequencies were systematically altered to simulate callers of different body sizes. in response to stimuli where lower formants indicated callers with longer vocal tracts, stags were more attentive, ... | 2005 | 16024350 |
| the cloning debate in the united kingdom: the academy meets the public. | 2005 | 16028538 | |
| identifying potential risk haplotypes for schizophrenia at the dtnbp1 locus in han chinese and scottish populations. | the dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (dtnbp1) gene on chromosome 6p has emerged as a potential susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. although a number of attempts to replicate the original association finding have been successful, they have not identified any obvious pathogenic variants or a single at risk haplotype common to all populations studied. in the present study we attempted further replication in an independent sample of 638 nuclear families from the han chinese population of sichuan pr ... | 2005 | 16044171 |
| national survey of diagnostic services for genital herpes. | to investigate the provision of diagnostic services for genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection in the united kingdom. | 2005 | 16061538 |
| 500 years of the college of surgeons and 300 years of the chair of anatomy in edinburgh. | 2005 represents the 500th anniversary of the award of the first charter to the guild of surgeons and barbers at edinburgh, and the 300th anniversary of the establishment of the chair of anatomy in the university of edinburgh, the first chair in this discipline in britain. the first charter of the incorporation, in 1505, specified that they should dissect the body of one dead condemned criminal each year. candidates who wished to join the incorporation were required to be familiar with all of the ... | 2005 | 16076010 |
| association between the neuregulin 1 gene and schizophrenia: a systematic review. | chromosome 8p22-p11 has been identified as a locus for schizophrenia in several genome-wide scans, which has been confirmed by meta-analysis of published linkage data. it appears to be 1 of the most robust linkage findings in psychosis. several attempts have been made to identify the underlying genetic variation that gives rise to this linkage peak, including systematic fine mapping using extended icelandic pedigrees that have identified an associated haplotype (hap(ice)) in the gene neuregulin ... | 2005 | 16081509 |
| ultraviolet light and visual behaviour in the three-spined stickleback, gasterosteus aculeatus. | the ability of various vertebrates to perceive visual information in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum (300-400 nm) is receiving increasing interest. to date, many of these studies have concentrated on the role of ultraviolet perception in mate choice, yet there are several ways in which the ability to perceive ultraviolet information may affect other behaviours. until now, it has been widely assumed that colour in the three-spined stickleback can be quantified by methods ap ... | 2005 | 16082613 |
| detection of hcv and hiv-1 antibody negative infections in scottish and northern ireland blood donations by nucleic acid amplification testing. | to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmissible viruses entering the blood supply, the nucleic acid amplification testing (nat) was implemented to screen scottish and northern irish blood donations in minipools. after 5 years of nat for hepatitis c virus (hcv) and 2 years for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1), the yield of serologically negative, nucleic acid positive 'window donations' and cost-benefit of nat is under review. | 2005 | 16146504 |
| a survey of incidents in radiology and nuclear medicine in the west of scotland. | data on 606 incidents in radiology and nuclear medicine departments reported to a central health physics service have been analysed and causes reviewed. 85% of incidents in radiology departments and 37% in nuclear medicine were overexposures of patients. 80% of these resulted from human error or procedural failure, and of these 32% were mistakes by the referrer. other incidents in nuclear medicine were contamination events (49%) and failure in management of radioactive materials (10%). effective ... | 2005 | 16177014 |
| dlg5 variants do not influence susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in the scottish population. | recent data have suggested that specific haplotypic variants of the dlg5 gene on chromosome 10q23 may be associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) in germany. haplotype d, notably characterised by the presence of a g-->a substitution at nucleotide 113, was associated with susceptibility to crohn's disease (cd) whereas an extended haplotype a conferred protection. | 2005 | 15843420 |
| significant developments in stem cell research. conclusion. | 2005 | 17048372 | |
| survey of zoonoses recorded in scotland between 1993 and 2002. | all the human and animal laboratory reports of zoonoses sent to health protection scotland between 1993 and 2002 were identified. there were 24,946 reports from veterinary laboratories, and 94,718 (20 per cent) of the 468,214 reports from medical laboratories were considered to be zoonotic. the most common reports of zoonoses from people were campylobacter, salmonella, cryptosporidium and giardia species and escherichia coli o157. the most common reports of zoonoses from animals were salmonella, ... | 2005 | 16311383 |
| prospective epidemiologic study of the outcome and cost-effectiveness of antenatal screening to detect neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti-hpa-1a. | to assess the value of antenatal screening to detect neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (nait) due to anti-hpa-1a, a prospective study was carried out to quantify the potential clinical benefits and determine whether screening would be cost-effective. | 2005 | 16371049 |
| william pulteney alison, the scottish philosophy, and the making of a political medicine. | this article considers the public health and social-reform agitations of dr. william pulteney alison (1790-1858), professor of medicine at edinburgh university and leader of the scottish medical profession, in the context of scottish moral philosophy. throughout his career, alison reflected on what has come to be recognized as a central problem of social medicine: where did its domain end? at what point did the medical mission of identifying and eliminating factors that harm health pass into a n ... | 2006 | 16377755 |
| genetic association between schizophrenia and the disc1 gene in the scottish population. | several lines of evidence support the involvement of the disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (disc1) gene in schizophrenia susceptibility, including its original identification in a schizophrenia family with a chromosome translocation, several genetic association studies, and functional characterization of the gene product. in the present study, we have genotyped multiple snp and microsatellite markers in a large scottish case-control sample. we identified two snps and one microsatellite that show sign ... | 2006 | 16389590 |
| prevalence and virulence factors of escherichia coli serogroups o26, o103, o111, and o145 shed by cattle in scotland. | a national survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of escherichia coli o26, o103, o111, and o145 in feces of scottish cattle. in total, 6,086 fecal pats from 338 farms were tested. the weighted mean percentages of farms on which shedding was detected were 23% for e. coli o26, 22% for e. coli o103, and 10% for e. coli o145. the weighted mean prevalences in fecal pats were 4.6% for e. coli o26, 2.7% for e. coli o103, and 0.7% for e. coli o145. no e. coli o111 was detected. farms with catt ... | 2006 | 16391103 |
| further evidence for the association between g72/g30 genes and schizophrenia in two ethnically distinct populations. | recently, the nested genes g72 and g30 on chromosome 13q32-q33 have been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. we genotyped six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps: rs3916965, rs3916967, rs2391191, rs778294, rs779293 and rs3918342), which span approximately 82.5 kb in the region encompassing the g72/g30 genes in 1176 han chinese subjects (588 cases and 588 controls) and 365 scottish subjects (183 cases and 182 controls). significant association between an allele of marker rs778293 and s ... | 2006 | 16402132 |
| the feminization of the medical work force, implications for scottish primary care: a survey of scottish general practitioners. | the number of women working in general practice internationally has been steadily rising. in scotland there have been concerns that such a change may lead to increased part-time working and subsequently to a fall in available general practice manpower despite an apparently rising overall number of general practitioners. however, there is very little information on the actual hours worked by men and women general practitioners or on the types of work they are undertaking. | 2006 | 16686957 |
| infection control practice across europe: results of the epd. | the european practice database (epd) project, developed by the edtna/erca research board, collects data on renal practice at centre level in different european countries. results presented in this paper focus on infection control practice in haemodialysis centres from 8 different european countries or regions following data collection from 2002 up to 2004. the prevalence of hepatitis b (hbv), hepatitis c (hcv), human immune deficiency (hiv) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) ... | 2006 | 16700167 |
| genetic consequences of human management in an introduced island population of red deer (cervus elaphus). | we investigated phylogeography and spatial genetic structure in an introduced island population of red deer (cervus elaphus) on the isle of rum, scotland, experiencing spatial variation in management regime. five different mitochondrial dna (mtdna) haplotypes were present among female red deer on rum. these comprised two phylogenetically divergent groups, one of which clustered with red deer from sardinia and north africa, while the other four grouped with other western european red deer. recent ... | 2006 | 16705323 |
| association analyses suggest gpr24 as a shared susceptibility gene for bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia. | linkage analyses suggest that chromosome 22q12-13 may harbor a shared susceptibility locus for bipolar affective disorder (bpd) and schizophrenia (sz). in a study of a sample from the faeroe islands we have previously reported association between both disorders and microsatellite markers in a 3.6 cm segment on 22q13. the present study investigated three candidate genes located in this segment: gpr24, adsl, and st13. nine snps located in these genes and one microsatellite marker (d22s279) were ap ... | 2006 | 16741940 |
| human teeth as historical biomonitors of environmental and dietary lead: some lessons from isotopic studies of 19th and 20th century archival material. | the lead isotopic composition of various sections (crown, crown base, root) of teeth was determined in specimens collected from 19th century skulls preserved in museum collections and, upon extraction or exfoliation, from humans of known ages residing in scotland in the 1990s. for most 20th century samples, calculation of accurate crown-complete or root-complete dates of tooth formation ranging from the 1920s to the 1990s enabled comparison of (206)pb/(207)pb ratios for teeth sections (crown bas ... | 2006 | 16752125 |
| comparison of prevalence rates of microbiological markers between bone/tissue donations and new blood donors in scotland. | blood-borne virus prevalence rates of samples accompanying tissue donors are not widely available. this article compares the rates in scottish bone/tissue donors with those of new blood donors for the 7-year period, 1998-2004. | 2006 | 16756598 |
| attitudes to teamwork and safety in the operating theatre. | a survey was undertaken to assess surgical team members' attitudes to safety and teamwork in the operating theatre. | 2006 | 16764199 |
| dlg5 variants and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in the scottish population. | 2006 | 16766759 | |
| operational competency development in e and f grade nursing staff: preparation for management. | there is limited literature for operational management competency development in e and f grade nursing staff. these grades of nursing staff have to take over from g grade nurses ward managers on a regular basis. with human resources doing less of the operational management and taking more of an advisory role, nursing staff are now required to deal with disciplinary procedures and other management issues in a more consistent manner. therefore, this development programme in a scottish primary care ... | 2006 | 16787473 |
| prevalence of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in cervical adenocarcinoma and its precursors in scottish patients. | our aim was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 in cervical adenocarcinoma (and its precursors) in scottish patients. nucleic acid was extracted from paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissues. we examined 119 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma, 20 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ, and 16 cases of normal glandular epithelium. hpv dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction using type-specific primers for the e6 and e7 genes of hpv-16 and hpv-18 with conformati ... | 2006 | 16803480 |
| pre-exposure rabies booster vaccinations: a literature review. | in europe, more attention is turning towards human infection with european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs). following the death of a bat conservationist from eblv in scotland, in 2002, the department of health in the united kingdom (uk) recommended that all bat workers receive prophylactic rabies vaccination. this systematic literature review aims to review the evidence base for current uk policy on rabies booster vaccination. ten papers met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. most of the papers ... | 2006 | 16878478 |
| eblv-2 prevalence in the united kingdom as determined by surveillance testing. | five cases of eblv-2 have been detected in the uk since 1996, with all wildlife cases in the daubenton's bat: one on the south coast in sussex in 1996, one in lancashire in 2002, another in 2003, one in surrey in 2004 and a human fatality in angus, scotland, in 2002. as a result of the human case, a seroprevalence study, aimed primarily at the daubenton's bat was conducted in 2003 in scotland and at some sites in england. in scotland, 198 daubenton's, 20 natterer's and 6 pipistrelles were caught ... | 2006 | 16878484 |
| maternal and biochemical predictors of spontaneous preterm birth among nulliparous women: a systematic analysis in relation to the degree of prematurity. | nulliparous women are at increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth. other maternal and biochemical risk factors have also been described. however, it is unclear whether these associations are strong enough to offer clinically useful prediction. it is also unclear whether the predictive power of these factors varies in relation to the degree of prematurity. | 2006 | 16882673 |
| glutathione s-transferase m1 and p1 genotype, passive smoking, and peak expiratory flow in asthma. | our purpose with this work was to assess the contribution of glutathione s-transferase gene variants to asthma susceptibility and pulmonary function in relation to tobacco smoke exposure in the home. | 2006 | 16882827 |
| using human error theory to explore the supply of non-prescription medicines from community pharmacies. | the importance of theory in underpinning interventions to promote effective professional practice is gaining recognition. the medical research council framework for complex interventions has assisted in promoting awareness and adoption of theory into study design. human error theory has previously been used by high risk industries but its relevance to healthcare settings and patient safety requires further investigation. this study used this theory as a framework to explore non-prescription medi ... | 2006 | 16885248 |
| escherichia coli o157: burger bug or environmental pathogen? | the three main pathways of escherichia coli o157 infection are foodborne, environmental (including direct contact with animals and their faeces and contaminated water supplies) or person to person contact. the disease is often nicknamed the 'burger bug' but it appears that environmental risk factors may be more important. in this study we use four techniques (outbreak analysis, case-control studies, disease mapping and quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra)) to determine whether burgers o ... | 2006 | 16934897 |
| herd-level risk factors associated with the presence of phage type 21/28 e. coli o157 on scottish cattle farms. | e. coli o157 is a bacterial pathogen that is shed by cattle and can cause severe disease in humans. phage type (pt) 21/28 is a subtype of e. coli o157 that is found across scotland and is associated with particularly severe human morbidity. | 2006 | 17140453 |