Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| direct isolation and identification of recombinant pseudorabies virus strains from tissues of experimentally co-infected swine. | tissue homogenates were obtained from swine co-infected with 2 vaccine strains of pseudorabies virus (prv). viral isolates derived by serial plaque purification directly from tissue homogenates, without an intervening step of isolation and amplification on cell cultures, were characterized as recombinant and parental prv genotypes on the basis of thymidine kinase and glycoprotein x gene combinations. use of limiting dilutions and recovery of virus isolates as individual plaques minimized the lik ... | 1993 | 8387251 |
| specific pseudorabies virus infection of the rat visual system requires both gi and gp63 glycoproteins. | transneuronal transport of pseudorabies virus (prv) from the retina to visual centers that mediate visual discrimination and reflexes requires specific genes in the unique short region of the prv genome. in contrast, these same viral genes are not required to infect retinorecipient areas of the brain involved in circadian rhythm regulation. in this report, we demonstrate that viral mutants carrying defined deletions of the genes encoding glycoprotein gi or gp63, or both, result in the same drama ... | 1993 | 8389905 |
| species selective interaction of alphaherpesvirinae with the "unspecific" immune system of the host. | during evolution herpesviridae have developed glycoproteins, which interact with essential components of the immune system. besides immunoglobulin-binding proteins (= fc-receptors), expressed by several members of the herpesfamily, the interaction with the complement system plays a role in the pathogenicity of herpes simplex virus. here we report that the ability to interact with the third complement component (c3), the central mediator of complement activation, was also found among several anim ... | 1993 | 8390825 |
| deleting valine-125 and cysteine-126 in glycoprotein gi of pseudorabies virus strain nia-3 decreases plaque size and reduces virulence in mice. | we investigated the function of antigenic domains on gi in virulence and immunogenicity. three prv gi mutants were constructed by deleting nucleotides coding for the following amino acids: valine-125 and cysteine-126, located in a discontinuous antigenic domain (m 303); glycine-59 and aspartic acid-60 located in a continuous antigenic domain (m304); and arginine-67 and alanine-68, located in a discontinuous antigenic domain (m305). mismatch primers in the polymerase chain reaction were used to i ... | 1993 | 8394068 |
| prevalence of pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) virus antibodies in feral swine in florida. | serum samples collected from feral swine (sus scrofa) throughout florida (usa) from 1980 to 1989 were tested for antibodies to pseudorabies virus (prv) by the serum neutralization test, the latex agglutination test, or by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. seropositive swine were detected at 11 of 13 sites with a composite seroprevalence of 34.8% (579 of 1,662 samples; range = 5.9% to 58.2%) for sites with seropositive swine. data on age and sex of the swine were available from three sites. ... | 1993 | 8394943 |
| evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a thymidine kinase, inverted repeat, gi, and gpx gene-deleted pseudorabies vaccine. | a thymidine kinase (tk), inverted repeat, glycoprotein i (gi) and glycoprotein x (gpx) gene-deleted modified live virus pseudorabies vaccine was evaluated for safety in swine and for efficacy in protecting swine against challenge with pseudorabies virus (prv). safety was evaluated by inoculating pregnant gilts intravenously and 3-day-old pigs intracerebrally with the vaccine. efficacy was evaluated by 1) vaccinating 3-day-old pigs with a minimal protective dose intranasally and then challenging ... | 1993 | 8396983 |
| diagnostic compatibility of a thymidine kinase, inverted repeat, gi, and gpx modified live gene-deleted prv vaccine with three differential elisas. | the differential pseudorabies virus (prv) vaccines currently in use in the usa have deletions of the genes coding for the glycoprotein i (gi) and/or glycoprotein x (gpx). the absence of gi and/or gpx allow for the serologic differentiation of vaccinated swine from prv-infected swine using differential enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). a newly developed pseudorabies vaccine virus has 4 deletions of the viral genome: the genes coding for gi, gpx, and thymidine kinase and a portion of th ... | 1993 | 8396984 |
| experimental pneumonia of pigs infected with aujeszky's disease virus and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | experimental infections were induced out to examine whether aujeszky's disease virus (adv) infection in pigs results in a severe pneumonia by actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. intranasal inoculation of adv (10(6.9) median tissue culture infective dose/head) in 4-month-old primary specific-pathogen-free pigs was followed by the inoculation of a. pleuropneumoniae type 1 (10(3.1) or 10(5.1) colony-forming-units/head). the pigs inoculated with adv alone developed clinical signs of aujeszky's disease ... | 1993 | 8399736 |
| further evidence of long distance airborne transmission of aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus. | in spite of the eradication of aujeszky's disease in denmark a single outbreak was recorded in december 1988 and another severe epizootic took place during the winter and spring of 1989/90. the epizootic occurred in nearly the same areas as the preceding epizootic during the winter of 1987/88. identification of the strains of virus involved eliminated the possibility that the latest epizootic was due to the persistence of virus in the pig population. furthermore, as during the preceding epizooti ... | 1993 | 8097603 |
| antibody prevalence of hog cholera, bovine viral diarrhoea and aujeszky's disease virus in wild boars in northern germany. | during the hunting season 1990/1991 a total of 841 blood samples was collected from shot wild boar corresponding to about 2.11% of the total hunting bag in lower saxony. all the sera were screened for neutralizing antibodies (nab) to hog cholera virus (hcv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) by direct neutralizing peroxidase linked antibody (npla) assay. for the detection of antibodies (ab) against hcv a complex trapping blocking (ctb) elisa was used. cytotoxic sera were retested using an i ... | 1993 | 8404524 |
| deleting two amino acids in glycoprotein gi of pseudorabies virus decreases virulence and neurotropism for pigs, but does not affect immunogenicity. | the virulence, pathogenicity and immunogenicity of two pseudorabies virus (prv) variants were investigated in 3-week-old pigs that had been intranasally infected. variant m303 (delta 125,126) lacked amino acids valine (125) and cysteine(126) in an immunodominant antigenic region of glycoprotein i (gi) containing two discontinuous antigenic domains, whereas m304 (delta 59,60) lacked amino acids glycine(59) and aspartic acid(60) in a continuous antigenic domain. m303 (delta 125,126) was not virule ... | 1993 | 8409943 |
| pneumonia in pigs inoculated with pseudorabies virus by means of a bronchoscope. | pigs inoculated endobronchially (eb) with 2 ml of virus suspension containing 10(4) tcid50 per ml of the ys-81 strain of pseudorabies virus (prv), by means of a bronchoscope, all developed viral pneumonia. no pneumonic lesions were observed in intranasally inoculated pigs. macroscopical and microscopical lesions were localized to the middle to caudal parts of the right caudal lobe and were closely associated with the site at which the inoculum was deposited. prv became attached to all types of c ... | 1993 | 8106666 |
| prophylactic application of propionibacterium avidum kp-40 in swine with acute experimental infections. i. viral infections--aujeszky's disease and classical swine fever. | the usefulness of the prophylactic application of propionibacterium avidum kp-40 (pa), a potent stimulator of the macrophage-monocyte system and inducer of endogenous interferons, was demonstrated in swine infected experimentally with aujeszky's disease or classical swine fever viruses. some of the infected animals were preimmunized with respective vaccines containing live, attenuated viruses. in vaccinated and non-vaccinated swine infected with aujeszky's disease virus, pretreatment with pa low ... | 1993 | 8486091 |
| a comparison of the efficacy of two commercial aujeszky's disease vaccines with glycoprotein-i deletion in pigs. | two commercial aujeszky's disease vaccines, a modified killed vaccine and a sub-unit vaccine, both carrying a deletion of glycoprotein-i, were evaluated in pigs. each vaccine was administered to two groups of four pigs, twice at 4-week intervals, with two pigs held as unvaccinated controls. all pigs were challenged with a new zealand field isolate of aujeszky's disease virus 3 weeks after the second vaccination. the results indicate that the sub-unit vaccine was able to protect pigs against clin ... | 1993 | 16031687 |
| application of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in veterinary diagnostic virology. | the polymerase chain reaction has become an important diagnostic tool for the veterinary virologist. conventional methods for detecting viral diseases can be laborious or ineffective. in many cases pcr can provide a rapid and accurate test. in this article we explain the basic principles of pcr and supply a reference list of its uses in diagnostic veterinary virology. | 1993 | 8396281 |
| optimizing semen production for artificial insemination in swine. | efficient production of high quality semen is of major importance to artificial insemination (ai) organizations. the semen produced should be free of contagious organisms, be of high quality, have good storage properties, fertilizing capacity and be of high genetic value. the best approach to prevent the spreading of microorganisms via semen in the process of ai is to collect semen from boars free from specific diseases, for example pseudorabies virus or leptospirosis. antibiotics are added to t ... | 1993 | 8145205 |
| efficacy of various non-oily adjuvants in immunization against the aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus. | standard oil and various non-oily adjuvants were compared for use in immunization against the aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus, both in mice and swine, and using either inactivated virions or purified glycoproteins as antigen. mineral oil, sodium alginate, aluminium hydroxide, and saponin were assayed in mice as adjuvants for inactivated virions, saponin being the most efficient. the addition of mab anti-cd3 did not improve either immune response or protection achieved in mice using viral ... | 1993 | 8237208 |
| lack of stereospecificity of suid pseudorabies virus thymidine kinase. | we have partially purified suid pseudorabies virus (prv) thymidine kinase from infected thymidine kinase- mouse cells, and cytosolic swine thymidine kinase from lymphatic glands, and we have found that prv thymidine kinase, unlike the host enzyme, shows no stereospecificity for d- and l-beta-nucleosides. in vitro, unnatural l-enantiomers, except l-deoxycytidine, function as specific inhibitors for the viral enzyme in the order: l-thymidine >> l-deoxyguanosine > l-deoxyuridine > l-deoxyadenosine. ... | 1993 | 8396911 |
| spatiotemporal responses of astrocytes, ramified microglia, and brain macrophages to central neuronal infection with pseudorabies virus. | we examined the responses of astrocytes, ramified microglia, and brain macrophages to cns neuronal infection with virulent or attenuated strains of a swine alpha herpesvirus (pseudorabies virus, prv). after prv inoculation of the rat stomach or pancreas, the temporal course of viral replication and induced pathology of infected neurons were assessed in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (dmv) and amygdala using an antiserum generated against prv. specific monoclonal antibodies against glial f ... | 1993 | 8381171 |
| a quantitative technique for the study of the latency of aujeszky virus. | latency represents a challenge for any herpesvirus vaccine. vaccines could differ in their ability to minimize latency of pseudorabies virus (prv). to study this possibility, a quantitative and differential prv-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed by the authors. efficiency of amplification in different tubes is measured by co-amplification with the viral targets (either gi or gp50 genes) of the porcine gene nuclear factor 1. the criteria used to select this approach to a quant ... | 1993 | 8400390 |
| glycoprotein gp50-negative pseudorabies virus: a novel approach toward a nonspreading live herpesvirus vaccine. | essential herpesvirus glycoproteins are involved in membrane fusion processes during infection, e.g., viral penetration and direct cell-to-cell transmission. we previously showed that the gd-homologous glycoprotein gp50 of pseudorabies virus (prv) is essential for virus entry into target cells but proved to be dispensable for direct viral cell-to-cell spread in cell culture (i. rauh and t. c. mettenleiter, j. virol. 65:5348-5456, 1991). for gp50-negative (gp50-) viruses, after phenotypic complem ... | 1993 | 8382308 |
| protection against pseudorabies virus infection by intranasal vaccination of newborn pigs. | intranasal vaccination of newborn pigs with pseudorabies virus (prv) strain iowa s62/26 tk- gx- bgal+ was evaluated to determine whether protective immunity could be stimulated in pigs given colostrum from immune sows. three litters were vaccinated (2 litters from prv-immune sows and 1 born to a prv-free sow), and 2 were left as nonvaccinated controls (1 passively immune and 1 prv-nonimmune). pigs were then challenge-exposed at 15 weeks of age with virulent prv strain 4892. vaccinated pigs that ... | 1993 | 8387249 |
| circumvention of maternal antibody interference by immunization of newborn pigs with glycoprotein giii-deleted marker vaccine. | maternal antibodies interfere with the immunization of swine by modified live-virus pseudorabies virus (prv) vaccines. to test the hypothesis that a prv vaccine attenuated by deletions in the thymidine kinase (tk) and giii genes might reduce interference by maternal antibodies, pigs with moderate to low levels of colostral prv antibodies were immunized with the tk- giii-omnimark-prv vaccine. vaccinates and non-vaccinates were challenged intranasally with virulent prv at 7 weeks of age. in suppor ... | 1993 | 8270271 |
| comparison of in vivo reactivation, in vitro reactivation, and polymerase chain reaction for detection of latent pseudorabies virus infection in swine. | the following methods were compared for their ability to detect latent pseudorabies virus in 24 pigs that had been experimentally infected with virulent pseudorabies virus: 1) in vivo reactivation by dexamethasone administration, 2) in vitro reactivation by 5 different techniques of explant culture or cocultivation of trigeminal ganglia, and 3) detection of pseudorabies virus genome in tissue digests of tonsils or trigeminal ganglia using the polymerase chain reaction. reactivation of pseudorabi ... | 1993 | 8286446 |
| comparison of the protective efficacy of aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus glycoproteins obtained from different sources. | the immunogenic properties of a series of glycoprotein preparations are compared using inactivated conventional vaccines as reference. serological response and protective efficacy of vaccination of mice and pigs are evaluated for glycoprotein immunogens obtained from various sources. bhk-21 cell cultures were infected with aujeszky's disease virus and used as antigenic source. glycoproteins were obtained from (i) the whole culture (ii) the cell sediment and (iii) the clarified supernatant. both ... | 1993 | 8395745 |
| dna restriction fragment length polymorphism among british isolates of aujeszky's disease virus: use of the polymerase chain reaction to discriminate among strains. | a retrospective analysis of dna restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of aujeszky's disease (ad) virus isolates from england and wales over a 22-year period revealed considerable homogeneity of bamhi restriction endonuclease sites, both in number and size. the appearance of a new dna rflp in 1981 coincided with a marked increase in the number of new outbreaks of ad. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was developed to discriminate between the established strains and the new type. ... | 1993 | 8097958 |
| immunohistological study of encephalomalacia in pigs infected with aujeszky's disease virus. | seven hysterectomy-derived colostrum-deprived pigs aged 4 weeks were inoculated intranasally with 10(3) plaque-forming units (1 ml) of the yamagata ys-81 strain of aujeszky's disease virus. one pig died and five developed encephalomyelitis and trigeminal ganglionitis. three pigs killed on days 12-16 showed prominent malacic degeneration. associated with the malacic foci were many lysosome-positive cells. igg- and igm-containing cells in the perivascular cuffs and glial nodules were first detecte ... | 1993 | 8396159 |
| cellular immune response to hog cholera virus (hcv): t cells of immune pigs proliferate in vitro upon stimulation with live hcv, but the e1 envelope glycoprotein is not a major t-cell antigen. | t-cell responses of pigs to hog cholera virus (hcv) have reportedly been absent or difficult to detect. therefore, little is known about cellular immunity to hcv. in this study, we used an attenuated strain of pseudorabies virus expressing the envelope glycoprotein e1 of hcv and purified recombinant e1 to examine whether the e1 protein is a target antigen recognized by the t cells of hcv-immune pigs. we were unable to identify the e1 protein as a major target antigen recognized by the t cells of ... | 1993 | 8474180 |
| ribonucleotide reductase-deficient mutants of pseudorabies virus are avirulent for pigs and induce partial protective immunity. | we have mutagenized and mapped the gene encoding the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (rr1) in pseudorabies virus (prv; synonyms aujeszky's disease virus, suid herpesvirus type 1). prv strains carrying an oligonucleotide that leads to termination of translation of the rr1 gene are avirulent for mice. we subsequently constructed a prv strain carrying a deletion in the rr1 gene and also a prv strain carrying both the deletion in the rr1 gene and a deletion in the glycoprotein g1 gene, whi ... | 1993 | 8383170 |
| progress after one year of a pseudorabies eradication program for large swine herds. | six large farrow-to-finish swine herds quarantined for pseudorabies in illinois participated in the usda-initiated large herd cleanup study. these herds were monitored for antibodies to pseudorabies virus (prv) for 1 year after the initiation of an intensive eradication program. herd size ranged between 425 and 1,500 females of breeding age. gene-deleted modified-live virus vaccines were used on all farms, with 3 of the 6 herds receiving a vaccine with a deletion of the gene for glycoprotein-i a ... | 1993 | 8407443 |
| involvement of membrane-bound viral glycoproteins in adhesion of pseudorabies virus-infected cells. | cell-associated spread of pseudorabies virus (prv) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. besides the already known direct cell-to-cell spread of the virus in monolayers, adhesion and subsequent fusion of suspended prv infected cells to monolayers of uninfected cells are thought to occur. to study the adhesion of prv-infected cells, an in vitro model was developed in sk-6 cells. specific adhesion of prv-infected cells to an uninfected monolayer started 5 h after infection of ... | 1993 | 8392594 |
| characterization of the pseudorabies virus-specific immunoglobulin m response and evaluation of its diagnostic use in pigs with preexisting immunity to the virus. | despite preexisting immunity to pseudorabies virus (prv), pigs may become infected and may or may not show clinical signs of disease. to investigate whether detection of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to prv is suitable for diagnosis of recent infection in pigs with (or without) preexisting immunity, the igm responses of pigs were examined after both experimental and natural infections. upon inoculation of seronegative pigs with a low dose of a mildly virulent strain of prv, igm was first det ... | 1993 | 8408547 |
| high frequency intergenomic recombination of suid herpesvirus 1 (shv-1, aujeszky's disease virus). | examples are given of observations made with field isolates of suid herpesvirus 1 (shv-1) which indicate that intergenomic recombination is a common phenomenon associated with the virus. this was further confirmed by experimental co-infection of a pig with 2 virus strains with different, stable and easily identifiable genomic markers, followed by natural transmission to a group of contact pigs. a variety of recombinants was subsequently isolated, while none of the parental strains were re-isolat ... | 1993 | 8102524 |
| epitope-specific antibody response against glycoprotein e of pseudorabies virus. | in this study we investigated the epitope-specific antibody response against glycoprotein e (ge) of pseudorabies virus. epitope-specific antibody responses were investigated by enzyme-linked immunoperoxidase monolayer assays. in a vaccinated crossbred pig population, most pigs responded to antigenic domain e and to a lesser degree to antigenic domains c and d. only few pigs responded to antigenic domains f, a, and b. using vaccinated pigs, we investigated the influence of two different pseudorab ... | 1994 | 8556492 |
| transneuronal spread of the pseudorabies virus after injection into the central nucleus of the amygdala in the rat. | the pseudorabies virus (prv) is a swine alpha herpes virus that is widely used as a neural tracer because of its marked neurotropism and transneuronal transmissibility (card et al., 1991, 1992; strack and loewy 1990). prv has been used to retrogradely identify spinal cord and brainstem connections to various peripheral organs, but few anatomical studies have used cns inoculation of prv to investigate intrinsic brain connectivity. improved knowledge of the mode and temporal pattern of transneuron ... | 1994 | 8542420 |
| antibody titers to pseudorabies virus in piglets immunized with giii deleted pseudorabies vaccine in a pseudorabies infected herd. | the decrease in titer of prv antibodies in serum was evaluated at 10, 37, 67, 109 and 173 days of age in 16 non-vaccinated pigs and 43 pigs vaccinated at 3, 67 and 80 days of age with a modified live tk/giii gene deleted pseudorabies virus (prv) vaccine. serum samples were analyzed for antibodies to prv by the serum-virus neutralization test (sn), a commercial competitive elisa (celisa), and the celisa omnimark prv differential (omd) diagnostic kit. at 10 days of age, all pigs had sn titers > or ... | 1994 | 9133059 |
| suitability of autoclaved tap water for preparation of elisa reagents and washing buffer. | the suitability of autoclaved tap water for the preparation of elisa reagents and washing buffer was compared with that of ultrapure water, in a standard indirect elisa for the detection of antibodies to pseudorabies virus (prv). the performance of the assay, using autoclaved tap water (at-elisa) compared favourably to that of the standard assay, using ultrapure water (up-elisa) in detecting anti-prv antibodies in sequential serum samples from a pig experimentally infected with prv. while both t ... | 1994 | 8188820 |
| isolation and characterization of mutants of pseudorabies virus with deletion in the immediate-early regulatory gene. | pseudorabies virus (prv) immediate-early regulatory protein (ie180) is a potent and promiscuous activator of viral and cellular gene transcription. a mutant with deletion in the ie180 gene is expected to be useful for elucidating the functions of ie180. in this study, we constructed such mutants. initially, transformants that express ie180 were established from pk-15 and vero cells by transfection with the ie180 gene of the wild-type prv. two types of the deletion mutant could be obtained by usi ... | 1994 | 8122367 |
| non-transmissible pseudorabies virus gp50 mutants: a new generation of safe live vaccines. | envelope glycoprotein gp50 of pseudorabies virus (prv) is essential for virus entry, but is not required for subsequent steps in the viral replication cycle. phenotypically-complemented gp50 null mutants can infect cells and can spread, both in vitro and in vivo, by direct cell-to-cell transmission. however, progeny virions released by the infected cells are non-infectious because they lack gp50. therefore, these viruses cannot be transmitted from infected animals to contact animals. these prope ... | 1994 | 8178562 |
| passively transferred african swine fever virus antibodies protect swine against lethal infection. | the role of anti-viral antibodies in homologous protective immunity to a virulent african swine fever virus (asfv) strain e75 was examined by passive transfer experiments in swine. eighty-five percent of animals (n = 14) that received anti-asfv immunoglobulin (ig) survived challenge infection, while 100% mortality was observed in control group animals (n = 28) that received anti-pseudorabies virus ig, normal swine ig, or phosphate-buffered saline. with the exception of a significantly delayed an ... | 1994 | 8259670 |
| experimental quantification of vaccine-induced reduction in virus transmission. | although reduction in transmission of an agent in the host population is an important goal of many vaccinations, suitable experimental methods to measure transmission have been lacking. therefore, we designed and tested an animal experiment to quantify transmission among vaccinated and unvaccinated animals. we used aujeszky's disease virus (adv) in pigs, because a serological test was available to detect infection in vaccinated pigs and because vaccination against adv will be used in an attempt ... | 1994 | 8091855 |
| virulence and pathogenesis of non-virulent and virulent strains of pseudorabies virus expressing envelope glycoprotein e1 of hog cholera virus. | pseudorabies virus (prv) expressing the envelope glycoprotein e1 (e1) of hog cholera virus (hcv) was used as a model to study the potential risks connected with the use of a live herpesvirus vaccine expressing a foreign gene. the gene encoding e1 was inserted into the glycoprotein x (gx) locus of both a virulent prv strain and a non-virulent prv strain in which the virulence genes encoding glycoprotein i (gi) and thymidine kinase (tk) had been inactivated. we investigated whether strain m205 (gi ... | 1994 | 8113720 |
| vaccination of maternally immune pigs with a live aujeszky's disease vaccine by coarse spray and other routes. | 33 ten weeks old passively immune weaners were inoculated with live, attenuated aujeszky's disease (ad) vaccine, according to four different vaccination protocols: (groups a/a2) 3 x coarse spray vaccination at 10, 11 and 13 weeks of age, (groups b/b2) 1 x coarse spray at 10 weeks of age followed by 1 x intramuscularly at 13 weeks, (c) 1 x intranasal instillation at 10 weeks of age, and (groups d/d2) 2 x intramuscularly at 10 and 13 weeks of age. a further 10 weaners were included as unvaccinated ... | 1994 | 8203117 |
| predicting the number of herds infected with pseudorabies virus in the united states. | epidemiologic modeling of the likely herd-to-herd transmission of pseudorabies virus (prv) was developed to assess the progress and potential for the prv-eradication program in the united states. the herd-to-herd transmission of prv over a 20-year period (1993 to 2012) in the united states was simulated under various scenarios, which included variable program-funding levels and variable prevalences. a transition model (markov process model) was used to predict yearly changes in herd prevalence o ... | 1994 | 8067609 |
| spontaneous fusions to prv43 can suppress the export defect of pseudorabies virus giii signal peptide mutants. | we have devised an enrichment scheme for the isolation of export-competent derivatives of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein giii signal peptide mutants. enrichment is based upon a growth advantage imparted upon giii-containing virions compared with virions lacking the glycoprotein. each of identified derivatives suppressed the giii signal peptide defect by fusing the giii gene in frame to the prv43 gene that lay immediately upstream; the result was the synthesis of a prv43-giii hybrid protein. the ... | 1994 | 8151750 |
| glycoprotein ge-negative pseudorabies virus has a reduced capability to infect second- and third-order neurons of the olfactory and trigeminal routes in the porcine central nervous system. | we investigated the spread of glycoprotein ge (ge)-negative pseudorabies virus (prv) and its rescued 'wild-type' strain into and within the central nervous system (cns) of 3- and 10-week-old pigs. this is the first study that demonstrates prv invasion of the porcine cns via the synaptically linked neurons of the olfactory and trigeminal routes and that demonstrates the role of ge in this invasion. after intranasal inoculation with high doses of virus, ge-negative prv replicated less efficiently ... | 1994 | 7964619 |
| vaccination of newborn pigs in the presence of low levels of pseudorabies colostral antibodies. | to test the hypothesis that newborn pigs with pseudorabies virus (prv) colostral antibodies might be actively immunized with a prv glycoprotein giii-deleted vaccine (omnimark-prv), 23 piglets were obtained from four sows that had been immunized 4 weeks and 2 weeks before farrowing with this vaccine. thirteen piglets were immunized with omnimark-prv when they were less than 3 days old and ten piglets served as non-vaccinated controls. piglets were weaned at 28 days of age and challenged with viru ... | 1994 | 8085376 |
| virus production and viral antigen expression in porcine blood monocytes inoculated with pseudorabies virus. | interactions of pseudorabies virus (prv) with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were studied. t-lymphocytes, b-lymphocytes and monocytes were selected or depleted from the pbmc fraction by means of several separation techniques. after inoculation with virulent prv in vitro, the percentage of cells that expressed viral antigens was determined in the different subpopulations by immunofluorescence. the susceptibility of monocytes depended on the method of isolation. when plasma-coated polys ... | 1994 | 7979999 |
| aerosol transmission of a viable virus affecting swine: explanation of an epizootic of pseudorabies. | a gaussian diffusion model was applied to an epizootic of pseudorabies in ten swine herds located in decatur county, indiana, usa to test the hypothesis that the virus can be spread via aerosol. the epizootic occurred during january to march, 1988, spreading through ten farms across an area of about 150 km2. the model included a receptor component that provided an estimate of viruses received by the pig within an enclosed barn. results show that the diffusion model can explain the spread of the ... | 1994 | 8039948 |
| vaccine properties of pseudorabies virus strain 783 are not affected by a deletion of 71 base pairs in the promoter/enhancer region of the viral immediate early gene. | strain 783 of pseudorabies virus (prv) is a genetically engineered vaccine which contains three deletions. the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of one of the deletions, which until now has not been characterized. the deletion occurs within the inverted repeats. seventy-one base pairs (bp) were deleted, including one of the repeat sequence elements related to the taatgarattc boxes detected within the promoter and enhancer region of the immediate early (ie) genes of herpes simplex v ... | 1994 | 7998419 |
| reduction of the prevalence of pseudorabies virus-infected breeding pigs by use of intensive regional vaccination. | the influence of an intensive vaccination program on prevalence of pseudorabies virus (prv)-infected breeding pigs was examined in a region where the disease was enzootic. in a 2-year period, significantly (p < 0.005) greater decrease in the prevalence of prv-infected breeding pigs was observed in herds participating in the regional vaccination program and in herds outside the trial region that intensified prv vaccination during the study than in herds that applied routine prv control measures. ... | 1994 | 7998694 |
| intensive regional vaccination with a gi-deleted vaccine markedly reduces pseudorabies virus infections. | the development of marker vaccines against pseudorabies virus (prv) and companion diagnostic tests have enabled us to perform a unique field trial. in this study, the effect of intensive regional vaccination on pig-finishing herd immunity was directly measured by comparing the seroprevalence of antibodies to glycoprotein i in trial and control groups. the seroprevalence of infected finishing herds in the trial region decreased from 81% at the start of the trial to 19% after 2 years (p < 0.001). ... | 1994 | 8036827 |
| inactivation of glycoprotein ge and thymidine kinase or the us3-encoded protein kinase synergistically decreases in vivo replication of pseudorabies virus and the induction of protective immunity. | to evaluate the contribution of glycoprotein e (ge), thymidine kinase (tk), and the us3-encoded protein kinase (pk) in the induction of protective immunity to pseudorabies virus (prv), we intranasally inoculated pigs, the natural host of this virus, with mutant prv strains in which the genes encoding these proteins were inactivated. both single and double mutants were constructed. of these proteins, ge has previously been demonstrated to induce antibodies (in mice and pigs), which require comple ... | 1994 | 7975253 |
| can a signal sequence become too hydrophobic? | we have characterized several mutants that contain alterations in the hydrophilic domain (n region) of the pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gc signal sequence. in general, our results agree with previous findings and indicate that basic residues in the n region are not essential for efficient export of gc in infected cells. while reducing the n region to a net neutral charge led to a slight impairment of membrane translocation, a substantial gc export defect was not observed until a net negative ... | 1994 | 7989378 |
| presence of wild type aujeszky's disease virus in swine identified as subclinical low-prevalent serological test reactors within qualified virus-negative herds. | subclinical low-prevalent aujeszky's disease (ad) serological test reactors are defined as those few swine within a qualified ad virus (adv)-negative herd that have antibodies to wild type virus. however, clinical signs of the associated disease are not observed in these putatively infected swine or elsewhere in the herd. twelve such animals, including 7 previously vaccinated with a genetically modified adv, were identified in illinois (usa) during a 2.5 year period. the humoral immune responses ... | 1994 | 7941297 |
| evaluation of swinepox virus as a vaccine vector in pigs using an aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus gene insert coding for glycoproteins gp50 and gp63. | pigs were vaccinated by scarification or intramuscular injection with a swinepox virus-aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) recombinant (rspv-ad) constructed by inserting the linked aujeszky's disease virus genes coding for glycoproteins gp50 and gp63, attached to a vaccinia virus p7.5 promoter, into the thymidine kinase gene of swinepox virus. by 21 days after vaccination, 90 and 100 per cent of the animals vaccinated by scarification or intramuscular injection, respectively, had developed serum n ... | 1994 | 8128561 |
| safety and immunogenicity of recombinants based on the genetically-engineered vaccinia strain, nyvac. | nyvac-based recombinants expressing pertinent immunogens from equine influenza virus (eiv), pseudorabies virus (prv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were used to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of this vector. administration of either nyvac recombinants or parenteral virus to mice, horses and swine was well tolerated with no notable local or systemic reactivities. further, despite a highly attenuated phenotype, nyvac was found to function effectiv ... | 1994 | 7958466 |
| correlation between precolonization of trigeminal ganglia by attenuated strains of pseudorabies virus and resistance to wild-type virus latency. | we compared the levels of latent pseudorabies virus (prv) dna in trigeminal ganglia (tg) of pigs after intranasal inoculation of different prv strains by using quantitative dna pcr. the extent of colonization attained in each case varied significantly according to the type of strain and inoculum dose, wild-type (wt) prv being the most efficient strain in colonizing tg. when groups of pigs representing different levels of precolonization of tg with an attenuated prv strain were challenged with wt ... | 1994 | 7966645 |
| evaluation of a recombinant vaccinia virus containing pseudorabies (pr) virus glycoprotein genes gp50, gii, and giii as a pr vaccine for pigs. | pigs vaccinated twice intramuscularly with a highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus (nyvac) containing gene inserts for pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins gp50, gii, and giii produced neutralizing antibodies for prv and were less clinically affected than were nonvaccinated pigs following oronasal exposure to virulent prv. also, following oronasal exposure to virulent prv the duration of virulent virus shedding by pigs that had been vaccinated intramuscularly with the recombinant virus wa ... | 1994 | 8129615 |
| [the control of aujeszky's disease using surface vaccination. 2. serologic studies of the occurrence of latent infection by aujeszky's disease virus in fattening swine]. | the aim of the study was to prove in a region in the north-west of germany that there is the possibility to decrease the prevalence of latent aujeszky's disease infections by means of a systematic vaccination. for this, the most important precondition of the success in a high population immunity that is maintained also in the finishing pig until slaughter. since it is known that maternal antibodies interfere with the active immunization in the prefattening period, procedures were to be found tha ... | 1994 | 8131724 |
| [prevalence of antibodies against the viruses of european swine fever, aujeszky's disease and "porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome" in wild boars in the federal states sachsen-anhalt and brandenburg]. | during the hunting season from 1991/1992 blood samples were collected from wild boar shot in the federal states of sachsen-anhalt (482 samples) and brandenburg (177 samples) which corresponds to 2.1 and 0.4% of the total hunting bag. all sera were screened in a complex trapping blocking (ctb) elisa for antibodies against hog cholera virus (hcv) and in an indirect elisa for antibodies against aujeszky's disease virus (adv). additionally the sera were tested for neutralizing antibodies against hcv ... | 1994 | 8131731 |
| porcine peripheral blood cd4+/cd8+ dual expressing t-cells. | the porcine t-cell population is unique in that there is a large percentage of cd+cd8+ dual expressing peripheral t-cells. this paper reviews the data available on these porcine t-cells and compares them to the much rarer dual expressing t-cells in humans. the percent of dual expressing cells increases with activation in in vitro culture with various antigens including pseudorabies virus. the percent of resting dual expressing cells also increases with the age of the pig. flow-cytometric-sorted ... | 1994 | 7856064 |
| influence of vaccine medium and vaccination schedules on the induction of active immunity against aujeszky's disease in maternally immune pigs. | active immunity against aujeszky's disease virus (adv) was compared at the end of the fattening period in pigs which had been vaccinated with the attenuated bartha strain according to different schedules in the presence of different levels of maternal immunity. the percentage of seropositive pigs at the end of the fattening period varied from 21 to 94 per cent. the percentage was significantly higher when the vaccination schedules were applied to pigs from mothers vaccinated with an attenuated s ... | 1994 | 8146460 |
| determination of the antigenic variability of pseudorabies virus field isolates with monoclonal antibodies. | five stable hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were obtained by fusing spleen cells of pseudorabies virus (strain buk) immunized balb/c mice with mouse myeloma cell line sp2/0. plate-trapped and antibody-trapped antigen elisas were done to compare the interaction of mabs with top and "k" strains and 7 slovak field isolates. only 2 slovak isolates reacted with all the mabs, 3 mabs reacted with top and "k" strains. one slovak isolate gave no reaction with any mabs. | 1994 | 7810429 |
| a serologic survey of selected viral and bacterial diseases of european wild hogs, great smoky mountains national park, usa. | blood samples were collected from 108 wild hogs (sus scrofa) from the great smoky mountains national park (gsmnp), usa, february to july 1990. we found no antibodies for swine brucellosis, pseudorabies, bovine virus diarrhea virus or porcine rotavirus infection. antibody titers to porcine parvovirus were found in 15 (14%) samples and antibody to one or more leptospiral serovars was found in 48 (44%) samples. thirty-nine (89%) of the 44 positive samples reacted to all five leptospiral serovars te ... | 1994 | 8151810 |
| serological diagnosis of aujeszky's disease: a comparison between reactions of blood samples from sows and their offspring. | blood sera from sows and their piglets were compared for their suitability for the serological diagnosis of aujeszky's disease. within a few days after parturition, blood and colostrum samples were collected from a total of 104 sows from 8 different gi-vaccinated breeding herds. three piglets of each litter were bled simultaneously with their mother and again 3 weeks later. all 416 sera reacted positively in the screening for vaccination-induced antibodies. using the gi elisa, the sera of 16 sow ... | 1994 | 7810428 |
| genetic and stress-mediated influence on aujeszky's disease virus induced interferon-alpha production in porcine leukocytes. | the ability to produce interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) in vitro was measured in blood from 200 f2-crosses between european wild boar and swedish yorkshire pigs, originating from a reference pedigree for gene mapping. a total of 200 pigs of 44 litters, descendent from 4 boars and 22 sows, were stressed by transportation together with non-littermates for 5 h. blood samples were collected from each individual twice, i.e. immediately before transportation and the day after transportation. ifn-alpha pro ... | 1994 | 7810427 |
| [vaccination recommendation for aujeszky disease]. | 1994 | 8191487 | |
| spread of aujeszky's disease virus within pig herds in an intensively vaccinated region. | an intensive vaccination programme with the glycoprotein i (gi) and thymidine kinase-deleted vaccine strain 783 was applied on all the pig farms in a region with a high pig density. to monitor the spread of aujeszky's disease virus within breeding herds in that region, all the breeding stock in nine herds were examined for antibodies to gi six times at intervals of four months. the prevalence of gi-seropositive sows decreased greatly in all nine herds. the mean percentage of gi-seropositive sows ... | 1994 | 8203108 |
| mapping of transcriptional regulatory domains of pseudorabies virus immediate-early protein. | the 180 kilodalton immediate-early protein (ie180) of pseudorabies virus functions as a strong transactivator of several different promoters and also as a repressor of its own transcription. to map the functional domains of ie180, we prepared various truncated mutants and analyzed their transcriptional regulatory activities using the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) assay. analysis of mutants truncated from the carboxy-terminal end of the 1,460-amino acid polypeptide showed that a polype ... | 1994 | 7944951 |
| characterization of the prv43 gene of pseudorabies virus and demonstration that it is not required for virus growth in cell culture. | we have determined the complete dna sequence of the prv43 gene of a swine herpesvirus, pseudorabies virus. prv43 is 1119 bp in length with a g+c content of 74.5% and is predicted to encode a multiply hydrophobic protein with a molecular mass of 38 kda. prv43 is colinear with the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul43 locus, and the prv43 and ul43 gene products are predicted to be 47% similar and 23% identical. prv43 is an early gene, producing a 1.2-kb transcript that is easily detected at 2 hr postin ... | 1994 | 8116257 |
| glycoprotein i of pseudorabies virus (aujeszky's disease virus) determines virulence and facilitates penetration of the virus into the central nervous system of pigs. | in the present study we investigated the virulence and neural spread of pseudorabies virus (prv) strains with mutations in the gene encoding glycoprotein i (gi) in 3-week-old pigs which were intranasally infected. mutant m303 (lambda 125, 126) lacks amino acids valine-125 and cysteine-126 in an immunodominant antigenic region of gi which contains 2 discontinuous antigenic domains, whereas mutant virus m304 (lambda 59, 60) lacks amino acids glycine-59 and aspartic acid-60 in a continuous antigeni ... | 1994 | 7810422 |
| pseudorabies virus latency: a quantitative approach by polymerase chain reaction. | some data dealing with the establishment of a quantitative pcr assay are presented. the assay is based on the use of an internal standard (mimic) which differs from the target by a deletion of a few base pairs and which is co-amplified with the target dna. the resulting pcr products are labelled with fluorescent primers and then separated and detected by an automated sequencer. a highly specific and sensitive pcr assay for the envelope glycoprotein gp50 gene has been developed. this assay is hig ... | 1994 | 7810421 |
| piglet serology: a method of monitoring herd aujeszky's disease status. | 1994 | 7825275 | |
| immunobiology of pseudorabies virus infection in swine. | 1994 | 7856041 | |
| delivery of pseudorabies virus envelope antigens enclosed in immunostimulating complexes (iscoms); elicitation of neutralizing antibody and lymphoproliferative responses in swine and protection in mice. | an experimental subunit vaccine that consisted of pseudorabies virus (prv) envelope glycoproteins enclosed into immunostimulating complexes (prvenv/iscom) was constructed, and evaluated in dba/2 mice and inbred swine of the sla haplotype c/c. two to three weeks after the first vaccine dose, specific anti-prv antibodies could be demonstrated by elisa or virus neutralization (vn) assays. booster prvenv/iscom vaccinations resulted in rapid and significant increases in antibody titres in both mice a ... | 1994 | 7856303 |
| detection of the large latency transcript of pseudorabies virus by rna-pcr and its potential in diagnosis. | 1994 | 7858029 | |
| the genotype of aujeszky's disease viruses isolated in argentina. | genomes of four argentine isolates of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) (rio cuarto/79, mercedes, chanar ladeado-7 and chanar ladeado-15) from pigs were characterized and compared with four adv strains obtained from u.s.a. (indiana-s), sweden (sweden 66), france (alfort) and japan (yamagata-s81) by restriction endonuclease (re) analysis. although three argentine isolates were classified into type i of bamhi cleavage pattern, one isolate, mercedes, belonged to type ii, according to the classificatio ... | 1994 | 7865606 |
| effect of climatic stress on the immunological reactivity of weaned pigs. | weaned pigs exposed daily to either unpredictable draught (experiment 1) or intermittent unpredictable draught (experiment 2) showed different lymphocyte blastogenic responses after mitogenic stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and concanavalin a (cona). in both experiments pha skin test responses were lower for draught exposed pigs than for control pigs and leucocyte numbers or profiles were altered compared to those of control pigs. superoxide production and chemiluminescence of porcine ... | 1994 | 7871696 |
| vaccination of pigs with replication-defective adenovirus vectored vaccines: the example of pseudorabies. | the efficacy of a recombinant human adenovirus type 5 expressing gd, one of the immunogenic glycoprotein of pseudorabies virus, was tested in pigs. due to the deletion of the e1a gene, the recombinant virus is unable to replicate in non transcomplementing cells but is capable of eliciting an immune response against gp50 after inoculation into animals. the virus was formulated in a water/oil/water emulsion, a strategy previously shown to enhance the immune response against the virus-induced gp50. ... | 1994 | 7886933 |
| characterization of a pseudorabies virus that is defective in the early protein 0 and latency genes. | a recombinant pseudorabies virus that is defective in the early protein 0 (ep0) and large latency transcript (llt) genes was constructed. a portion of the ep0 and llt genes was replaced by the lacz gene of escherichia coli that had been placed under the control of the pseudorabies virus gx gene promoter. this recombinant virus produces smaller size plaques and yields less virus than does the parent virus on madin-darby bovine kidney cells. although the time course of virus replication and releas ... | 1994 | 7887515 |
| development of active immunity in newborn pigs with colostral antibodies by vaccination with giii-deleted prv. | maternal antibodies interfere with active immunization of swine by gi-deleted pseudorabies virus [(prv); aujeszky's disease virus] vaccines. to test the hypothesis that modified-live (mlv) vaccines retaining the prv gi and with deletions in the prv glycoprotein giii and thymidine kinase (tk) genes might be efficacious in circumventing colostral antibody interference, the omni-mark-prv (gi+ giii- tk-) vaccine was administered intramuscularly to 13 newborn pigs with colostral antibodies, while 10 ... | 1994 | 7810426 |
| latent infection in a boar 6.5 years after experimental infection with aujeszky's disease virus. | 1994 | 7810425 | |
| role of gp63 and giii of aujeszky's disease virus in the invasion of the olfactory nervous pathway in neonatal pigs. | the purpose of this study was to examine in which way envelope glycoproteins gp63 and giii of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) are involved in neuropathogenesis in pigs. the ka strain of adv and its single deleted mutants were examined with respect to invasion and spread in the olfactory nervous pathway after intranasal inoculation in neonatal pigs. the olfactory mucosa, olfactory bulb and lateral olfactory tract representing the 1st, 2nd and 3rd neuronal level of the olfactory pathway respectivel ... | 1994 | 7810424 |
| interactions of aujeszky's disease virus and porcine blood mononuclear cells in vivo and in vitro. | nine pigs were inoculated oronasally with 10(8.0) tcid50 aujeszky's disease virus (adv). blood was examined daily for the presence of a viremia during 7 days post inoculation. cell-free and/or mononuclear cell (mc)-associated adv was demonstrated in 7 out of the 9 pigs. the number of days on which mc-associated adv was detected per pig ranged from 1 to 4 days. the number of infected cells ranged between 1 and 200 per 10(8) examined mc. monocytes were found to be the most adv-susceptible mc in vi ... | 1994 | 7810423 |
| replication of virulent and attenuated strains of aujeszky's disease virus in swine alveolar macrophages. | in vitro and in vivo replication of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) in swine alveolar macrophages (am) was studied using two virulent strains and a vaccine strain with deletions in the thymidine kinase and giii genes. in vitro, am were highly permissive to virulent adv infection. virus progeny titers of virulent strains in the cell phase and in the fluid phase were higher than 10(7.3) tcid50/ml at 84 hr post-inoculation (pi). for vaccine strain infection, am were less permissive, yielding virus t ... | 1994 | 7948374 |
| role of envelope glycoproteins gi, gp63 and giii in the invasion and spread of aujeszky's disease virus in the olfactory nervous pathway of the pig. | one-week-old pigs were infected intranasally with the ka strain of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) or with mutants that were lacking the non-essential envelope glycoproteins gi, gp63 or giii. the invasion and spread of these strains in the olfactory nervous pathway were examined by assessing virus levels and by localizing viral antigens in the olfactory mucosa representing the first neuronal level, in the olfactory bulb representing the second neuronal level and in the lateral olfactory gyrus, th ... | 1994 | 8077930 |
| pseudorabies and transmissible gastroenteritis: a serological survey in south africa. | two specific and sensitive, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) utilizing a protein g-peroxidase conjugate were developed to detect antibodies to the pseudorabies virus (prv) and the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) in pig sera. sera from 5,337 pigs, obtained from various abattoirs in south africa, were tested with both elisas. no serological evidence of infection with either prv or tgev was found in any of the pigs tested. | 1994 | 7898899 |
| a novel non-mineral oil-based adjuvant. i. efficacy of a synthetic sulfolipopolysaccharide in a squalane-in-water emulsion in laboratory animals. | sulfolipopolysaccharides (slps) were synthesized by reaction of the synthetic polysucrose polymer ficoll-400 with chlorosulfonic acid and lauroyl chloride in anhydrous medium. hydrophobic derivatives were obtained by addition of a small number of sulfate and a large number of lipid groups. gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography (g.p.-h.p.l.c.) exhibited a wide range in molecular weight of both ficoll-400 and slp polymers. the calculated weight-average molecular weight (mw) of fico ... | 1994 | 8085385 |
| a novel non-mineral oil-based adjuvant. ii. efficacy of a synthetic sulfolipopolysaccharide in a squalane-in-water emulsion in pigs. | the adjuvanticity of a sulfolipopolysaccharide (slp) incorporated into a squalane-in-water emulsion (slp/s/w) was compared with that of a mineral oil-in-water (o/w) adjuvant currently used in commercial porcine vaccines. groups of pigs were immunized twice with vaccines comprising either inactivated influenza virus (iflu3 containing strains a/swine, mrc-11 and x-79), inactivated pseudorabies virus (iprv), live pseudorabies virus (prv) or inactivated porcine parvovirus (ippv) as antigen and slp/s ... | 1994 | 8085386 |
| effect of vaccination on shedding of aujeszky's disease virus in experimentally infected pigs and role of vaccination in herd health programmes. | 1994 | 7810436 | |
| spatial and biological characteristics of between-herd transmission of aujeszky's disease virus. | the eradication of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) in pennsylvania has suffered because the modes of viral transmission between herds are unknown. our objective was to identify the major risk factors involved in viral transmission by comparing proportions of operation type, density, quarantine level, and vaccination status of neighboring herds for infected case and uninfected control herds. multivariate analysis demonstrated an elevated risk of infection with local increases in the proportion of ... | 1994 | 7810435 |
| serological studies in austrian fattening pigs with respiratory disorders. | serum samples of 253 fattening pigs out of 44 different herds with respiratory signs were examined for antibodies to aujeszky's disease virus by elisa, swine influenza virus (hi test), porcine respiratory coronavirus (elisa) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (ipma). one single case of aujeszky's disease was detected at slaughter. on the other hand 24.5% of the animals proved to be positive for swine influenza, although no vaccine is licensed in austria, and 63.6% reacted po ... | 1994 | 7810433 |
| differentiation of aujeszky's disease virus strains isolated in poland using dna biotinylated probes. | the aim of this study was to compare 17 different aujeszky's disease virus (adv) isolates from clinical outbreaks of ad by using dna biotinylated probes. all isolates were collected in poland between 1984 and 1991. the restriction fragment pattern (rfp) analysis done by hybridization to nia-3 dna biotinylated probe indicated that all polish adv field strains can be classified as type i of suid herpesvirus 1. hybridization with bamhi fragment 7 and gi gene biotinylated probes revealed an unusual ... | 1994 | 7810432 |
| aujeszky's disease elisa using baculovirus expressed glycoproteins. | the genes coding for two aujeszky's disease virus glycoproteins, gp50 and giii, were amplified by pcr and inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector. following co-transfection of insect cells with a modified wild type baculovirus, recombinant virus clones expressing the inserted glycoproteins were detected by elisa. these clones were then amplified and the expressed products used as the antigen for an elisa to detect antibodies to aujeszky's disease virus in pig sera. | 1994 | 7810431 |
| invasion and spread of single glycoprotein deleted mutants of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) in the trigeminal nervous pathway of pigs after intranasal inoculation. | the purpose of the study was to evaluate the role which non-essential envelope glycoproteins play in the neuroinvasion and neural spread of adv. the invasion and spread in the trigeminal nervous pathway with the ka strain of adv and its single deletion mutants ka gi-, ka gp63- and ka giii- were examined after intranasal inoculation in neonatal pigs by virus isolation and immunocytochemistry. evaluation was performed in the nasal mucosa, trigeminal ganglion (1st neuronal level), ponsmedulla (2nd ... | 1994 | 7941296 |
| social rank and disease susceptibility in pigs. | two experiments were carried out to investigate the inter-individual variation in immune reactivity and disease susceptibility of group housed pigs of different social status. the social status of the individual pig was determined by the outcome of social ranking fights and food competition tests. on day 75 after the start of both experiments, all pigs were challenged with 0.5 ml of an aujeszky disease virus (adv) in each nostril. data combined from both experiments showed that mortality and/or ... | 1994 | 7856072 |
| intradermal application of aujeszky's disease virus strain begonia with tocopherol-based adjuvant and a novel design injection device. | initially the use of intradermal application of aujeszky's disease vaccines was shown to be very effective. however, for thus far unknown reasons the gi-deleted vaccines were much less efficacious by using this route of vaccination as compared to gi-positive vaccines. by the use of a tocopherol-based adjuvant and an improved design of the intradermal injection device it now appeared feasible to obtain the same efficacy both in specific pathogen free pigs and in pigs with material antibodies as f ... | 1994 | 7810440 |
| anti-idiotypic antibodies generated by sequential immunization detect the shared idiotype on antibodies to pseudorabies virus antigens. | anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-id or ab2) were generated in balb/c mice against either mouse monoclonal or swine polyclonal antibodies (ab1) to pseudorabies virus (prv) antigens by conventional and sequential immunization methods. in the conventional method, one antibody preparation was repeatedly injected into the animals, whereas three anti-prv antibody preparations were used alternately for the sequential immunization procedure. anti-ids were serologically characterized for possession of the ... | 1994 | 7989445 |
| constancy of aujeszky's field virus antibody titres in sows repeatedly vaccinated with a gi-negative vaccine. | a breeding herd repeatedly vaccinated with a gi-deleted vaccine was regularly tested serologically for aujeszky's field virus antibodies over a period of up to 35 months. of the 100 sows tested, 18 animals reacted positively with constant titers during the whole period of the investigation. on the other hand, there was no serological evidence that any of the contact animals contracted field virus infection. | 1994 | 7810439 |