Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| characterization of the gene encoding a histidine and aspartic acid-rich protein from pneumocystis carinii. | a cdna clone derived from pneumocystis carinii contained an unusual sequence (gtgatg)2(atggtg)4(atg)4 and many gat repeats. it was found to encode a histidine and aspartic acid-rich protein (harp). the complete cdna contained an 888-bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 32.6 kda. the deduced harp protein contained 39 aspartic acid and 22 histidine residues. the genomic copy of the harp gene (1203 bp in length) was found to contain 3 small introns of 46, 44, and 38 bp, respectively ... | 2000 | 11128711 |
| factors impacting on drug choices. issues for developing countries. | in considering factors that impact on drug choices for children in developing countries, it is important to learn from the advances in antiretroviral therapy that have been made in the united states and other developed countries. abundant clinical data indicate that monotherapy with antiretroviral agents, no matter how potent, is inadequate and the children should be treated with three or more drugs. when treatment regimens are changed, at least two new drugs should be started simultaneouly to a ... | 2000 | 11131721 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in malawian children. | 2000 | 10885379 | |
| [cause of death and autopsy findings in patients of the swiss hiv cohort study (shcs)]. | the swiss hiv cohort study (shcs) is a prospective cohort study of hiv-infected adolescents and adults seen at 7 outpatient clinics (swiss university hospitals in basle, berne, geneva, lausanne, zurich, the st. gall cantonal hospital and the civico hospital in lugano). the shcs serves as an infrastructure for different research projects and includes about 70% of all patients with advanced disease in switzerland. from april 1984 to november 1995 3120 hiv-infected patients of the shcs died. autops ... | 2000 | 11109604 |
| small bowel transplantation using grafts from living-related donors. two case reports. | a living-related small bowel transplantation (sbt) was performed in two pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome. in both cases, the donor was the patient's mother. the distal ileum (100 cm, 120 cm) was harvested and the ileocolic vessels, ileocecal valve, and terminal ileum were left intact. the two donors were discharged from the hospital on postoperative days 15 and 6, respectively. recipient 1 was a 2 year 6 month-old boy with short bowel syndrome who underwent sbt due to loss of venous ... | 2000 | 11111992 |
| impact of bal in the management of pneumonia with treatment failure: positivity of bal culture under antibiotic therapy. | pneumonia is responsible for 50% of antibiotics prescribed in icus. treatment failure, ie, absence of improvement or clinical deterioration under antibiotic therapy, presents a dilemma to physicians. bal is an invasive method validated for etiologic diagnosis in pneumonia. study objective: to evaluate in icu patients the impact of bal in the etiologic diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of pneumonia with treatment failure. | 2000 | 11115467 |
| determination of the copy number of the nuclear rdna and beta-tubulin genes of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis using pcr multicompetitors. | multiple copies of a gene may lead to difficulty in the interpretation of typing results because polymorphism of the copies may wrongly lead to the conclusion that different types are present in a specimen. to determine the copy number per genome of the nuclear rdna and beta-tubulin genes analyzed for the typing of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis, we developed a strategy based on the use of the same multicompetitor molecule in two different quantitative-competitive pcrs, one for the gene und ... | 2000 | 11140450 |
| differential impact of combined antiretroviral therapy on the survival of italian patients with specific aids-defining illnesses. | a decrease in hiv-related mortality and morbidity has been observed since 1996 in most developed countries as a consequence of the extensive use of combined antiretroviral therapies. the purpose of this study was to investigate whether combined antiretroviral therapies had a differential impact on the survival of patients with different aids-defining illnesses (adis). | 2000 | 11141245 |
| [rare cause of tachy-, asl well asl bradycardic arrhythmias]. | a 53-year-old female patient from the philippines was admitted with intermittent complete heart block and assumed coronary artery disease. physical examination was normal except for moist pulmonary sounds. ecg and monitoring showed bifascicular block and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. a markedly reduced left ventricular function was seen in the echocardiogram. coronary angiography showed two vessel disease. endomyocardial biopsy revealed florid giant cell myocarditis. heart failure and ven ... | 2000 | 11149266 |
| [diffuse infiltrative lung diseases of infectious and neoplastic origin]. | among the causes of chronic diffuse infiltrative lung diseases, infection and neoplasia have to be suspected in priority because of their frequency and their therapeutic specificities. diffuse infiltrative lung diseases related to infection, often acute and feverish, are due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, miliary tuberculosis, or virus and atypical pneumonia. strategy for microbiological diagnosis depends on the pathogen suspected and the pulmonary disease severity. by contrast, diffuse infi ... | 2000 | 11151329 |
| evaluation of two nested polymerase chain reactions for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. | 2000 | 11168092 | |
| significance of respiratory isolates of mycobacterium avium complex in hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is isolated with increasing frequency from respiratory specimens. this study was an attempt to determine the significance of this in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and hiv-negative patients. | 2000 | 11179916 |
| [cytomegalic disease as a cause of disseminated lung lesions in an immunosuppressed patient]. | a case of disseminated lesions in the lungs was diagnosed just during autopsy as cytomegalic infection. 54-year old patient treated since 10 years because of lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma of low malignancy was admitted to institute of tuberculosis with suspicion of miliary tuberculosis. the high temperature, pemphigus--like skin lesions and disseminated lesions in the chest x-ray appeared immediately after succeeding chemotherapy. tuberculous bacilli. aspergillus fumigatus and pneumocystis carinii ... | 2000 | 11276977 |
| comparative yield of different respiratory samples for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infections in hiv-seropositive and seronegative individuals in india. | respiratory specimens were prospectively examined for pneumocystis carinii from 53 patients. the majority of specimens were comprised of expectorated sputum, induced sputum, broncho-alveolar lavage (bal), and tracheal aspirates. in only four patients pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) was detected. all the samples were produced by broncho-alveolar lavage. candida spp and aspergillus spp were also identified in a small number of patients. acid-fast-bacilli were not detected in any of the cases und ... | 2000 | 11289004 |
| [evaluation of a panfungal pcr assay for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp)]. | we compared a universal fungal pcr assay with fluorescence microscopy for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 82 bronchoalveolar lavages (bals) of 64 immunocompromised patients with atypical pneumonia and 50 bals of 50 immunocompetent adults without lung disease were examined. 10 immunocompromised patients were clinically and/or histologically proven to suffer from pcp. for fluorescence microscopy, sensitivity and specificity in detecting p. carinii were 80.0% and 98.1%, for the pcr ... | 2000 | 11291575 |
| hiv-1 tat represses transcription from the mannose receptor promoter. | the mannose receptor is expressed on mature macrophages and immature dendritic cells, and functions to mediate phagocytosis of pathogens and capture of ags for delivery to mhc class ii-containing intracellular compartments. it has been previously reported that hiv-1-infected macrophages have reduced functions associated with the mannose receptor, including impaired pneumocystis carinii phagocytosis and mannosylated albumin uptake. several hiv-1-derived proteins including the tat protein have bee ... | 2000 | 11120831 |
| identification of pneumocystis carinii in induced sputum of aids patients in chennai (madras). | induced sputum samples were collected from 32 aids patients with respiratory ailments. pneumcystis carinii was demonstrated in 9 out of 32 aids cases by indirect immunofluorescence technique (hf). four cases were positive by all the three techniques namely giemsa staining, toluidine blue staining and iif, three were positive by both toluidine blue and iif, and two were positive only by iif. among other microbial pathogens, acid fast bacilli was demonstrated in all the p carinii positive cases an ... | 2000 | 11218675 |
| safety of fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone combined with rituximab in the treatment of stage iv indolent lymphoma. | rituximab (rituxan; genentech, inc, south san francisco, ca and idec pharmaceutical corporation, san diego, ca) is an effective agent for the treatment of cd20-positive b-cell lymphomas. because its toxicities are minimal and do not overlap with the toxicities of standard chemotherapy, it is an appealing agent to use in combination with chemotherapy. moreover, there is evidence for synergy between rituximab and some chemotherapeutic agents. the combination of fludarabine/ mitoxantrone/dexamethas ... | 2000 | 11225999 |
| pneumocystis infections: the iceberg? | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a well-recognized lung disease of immunocompromised patients, but the real impact of pneumocystis infection in humans remains to be discovered. pneumocystis represents probably one of the more frequent infectious agents faced by humans. seroconversion revealed p. carinii primary infection in > 90% of infants and small children, but the infection source and the clinical or pathological changes associated with this first contact with the parasite remain unkn ... | 2000 | 11204150 |
| mycoses in aids. | major changes are occurring in the epidemiology of opportunistic infections (oi) in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). a marked decrease of minor and major oi was observed and clinical resistance of thrush to antifungal agents became extremely rare. primary and secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii infections can be stopped; however, the situation is less clear for other oi such as cryptococcosis or ... | 2000 | 11204154 |
| new targets and delivery systems for antifungal therapy. | development of new approaches for treatment of invasive fungal infections encompasses new delivery systems for approved and investigational compounds, as well as exploiting the cell membrane, cell wall and virulence factors as putative antifungal targets. novel delivery systems consisting of cyclodextrins, cochleates, nanoparticles/nanospheres and long circulating ('stealth') liposomes, substantially modulate the pharmacokinetics of existing compounds, and may also be useful to enhance the deliv ... | 2000 | 11204162 |
| natural pathogens of laboratory animals and their effects on research. | the natural fungal pathogens of laboratory animals such as rabbits and guinea pigs are mainly dermatophyte species, most commonly trichophyton mentagrophytes and also, less frequently microsporum gypseum and m. canis. however, the incidences of infection and clinical disease are low in well-managed animal facilities. young or immunocompromised rabbits are thought to be most susceptible. dermatophytes infect the epidermis and adnexal structures, including hair follicles and shafts, usually on or ... | 2000 | 11204165 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a yorkshire terrier dog. | a 14-month-old male yorkshire terrier was presented to the autonomous university of barcelona veterinary teaching hospital because of a history of chronic non-productive cough and acute dyspnea. a follow-up radiograph revealed a diffuse, bilaterally interstitial-alveolar lung disease with presence of air bronchograms. the dog died 5 h after admission with severe dyspnea. histological sections of the necropsy specimens revealed the presence of characteristic pneumocystis carinii cysts within alve ... | 2000 | 11204883 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a child without immunodepression]. | we report the case of a 5 1/2 month baby with an atypical pneumonia. the pcr revealed a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the complementary approach failed to show any immunosuppression. we will discuss the aetiology, physiopathology and treatment of pneumocystis carnii pneumonia, particularly in cases without immunosuppression. we will also recall the importance of this disease in aids. | 2000 | 11205188 |
| prospective evaluation of detoxification pathways as markers of cutaneous adverse reactions to sulphonamides in aids. | the use of sulphonamides is complicated by a high rate of cutaneous reactions in aids. metabolic risk factors have been suspected for these reactions. we conducted a prospective study to evaluate whether glutathione s-transferase m1 null genotype, glutathione deficiency and acetylator status as risk factors. to explain the high frequency of slow acetylator phenotype in aids patients, we compared n-acetyltransferase-2 phenotype and genotype in this population. aids patients treated with sulphonam ... | 2000 | 11191886 |
| pulmonary complications in patients with aids: a report from a beijing hospital. | the aim of this study was to improve the awareness of pulmonary complications in patients with aids. | 2000 | 11192557 |
| [dramatic improvement of severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by corticosteroids despite lack of antipneumocystis therapy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | a 30-year-old thai man was admitted to our hospital complaining of general fatigue, pyrexia, dyspnea, and a productive cough. he was in serious respiratory failure and had a pao2 of 45.9 torr in room air. chest radiography showed marked infiltration of both lungs. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) was ruled out by a negative test for hiv antibody. he was given corticosteroids including methylprednisolone mini-pulse therapy and antibiot ... | 2000 | 11193327 |
| secondary infections of aids autopsy cases in japan with special emphasis on mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection. | in order to study the frequency of secondary infections of aids autopsy cases in japan, especially the frequency of mycobacterium aviumintracellulare complex (mac) infection, retrospective autopsy study was conducted between 1986 and 1997 at the affiliated hospital of institute of medical sciences, university of tokyo. secondary infections of various organs from 43 aids autopsy cases were examined using histopathology, genetic diagnosis of tuberculosis, ziehl-neelsen stain for acid-fast bacilli ... | 2000 | 11211316 |
| [listeriosis: an infrequent infection in patients with hiv]. | although resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection requires intact t-cell mediated immunity, listeriosis is an infrequent problem in patients with hiv infection and only about 50 patients have been reported to date. only two patients with hiv and l. monocytogenes have been attended in our hospital since the beginning of aids epidemic in 1981. case 1: a man with hiv and 364 cd4+ cells/mm3 presented fever and occipital headache. the cerebral scan was normal and l. monocytogenes grew in licuor ... | 2000 | 11213581 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hiv infection. review of 70 cases]. | 2000 | 11213593 | |
| 20 years, 20 articles: studies to know. | this article presents a compilation of top researches conducted during the past 2 decades by the contraceptive technology update. the following lists offer a brief insight into the breadth of research available to family planners: 1) the multicenter study of the lactational amenorrhea method to test its acceptability and efficacy as an introductory postpartum method; 2) the multinational study of breast cancer and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (dmpa) confirmed the decrease in risk of having ... | 2000 | 12295509 |
| who / unaids hail consensus on cotrimoxazole use for prevention of hiv related infections in africa. | this article reports on the recommendation of the who/joint un program on aids/hiv to promote the use of cotrimoxazole for the prevention of hiv-related infections in africa. several arguments have been raised since the recommendation for its use. controversies lie in its efficacy in treating opportunistic infections despite its use for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. researchers, however, argue that the drug is effective in preventing certain kinds of bacterial pneumonia and diarrheal diseases ... | 2000 | 12295853 |
| relationship between the burden of pneumocystis carinii, the inflammatory reaction and lung injury in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to study the relationship between the burden of pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) and the inflammatory reaction and biochemical markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (balf) in a rat model of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 2000 | 11776138 |
| [the toxicity of busulphan and cyclophosphamide as the preparative regimen for allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation]. | to analyse the treatment-related complications of busulphan and cyclophosphamide (bu-cy) as the conditioning regimen for allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-pbsct). | 2000 | 11877010 |
| differential metabolic response in aids-related chronic protozoal diarrhoea. | as the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha is greater in microsporidiosis than cryptosporidiosis, there may be a distinct metabolic response between the two organisms. | 2000 | 11737332 |
| malignancy: 2'-chlorodeoxyadenosine effectively induces complete remission in hairy cell leukaemia. | hairy cell leukaemia, previously known as leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis, is an indolent lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology. it typically affects males, causes marked splenomegaly and moderate enlargement of the liver, whilst lymphadenopathy is inconspicuous. pancytopenia is characteristic with unusually profound monocytopenia, variable reduction in platelets, and the presence in the peripheral blood and marrow of abnormal small lymphocytes having irregular cytoplasmic margins. ul ... | 2000 | 11399582 |
| effects of atovaquone and diospyrin-based drugs on ubiquinone biosynthesis in pneumocystis carinii organisms. | the naphthoquinone atovaquone is effective against plasmodium and pneumocystis carinii carinii. in plasmodium, the primary mechanism of drug action is an irreversible binding to the mitochondrial cytochrome bc(1) complex as an analog of ubiquinone. blockage of the electron transport chain ultimately inhibits de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis since dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme in pyrimidine biosynthesis, is unable to transfer electrons to ubiquinone. in the present study, the effect o ... | 2000 | 10602716 |
| protists as opportunistic pathogens: public health impact in the 1990s and beyond. | protist organisms (protozoa and fungi) have become increasingly prominent as opportunistic pathogens among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and among organ transplant recipients--two immunocompromised populations that have increased dramatically in the past two decades. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia continues to be the most common serious opportunistic infection (oi) among hiv-infected persons in the united states, occurring frequently among persons not previously receiv ... | 2000 | 10651290 |
| clinical presentation and significance of emerging opportunistic infections. | in recent years the clinical face of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome has changed significantly as a consequence of use of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and combination antiretroviral therapy. in this context several opportunistic pathogens have emerged as causes of clinically important disease. many of these infective agents have previously been defined by specific geographical locations. their clinical presentation frequently mimics other (non) opportunistic infecti ... | 2000 | 10651291 |
| discontinuation of chemoprophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hiv infection. hiv outpatient study (hops) investigators. | hiv-infected patients with sustained immunologic improvement from antiretroviral therapy may be able to discontinue chemoprophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 2000 | 10651600 |
| cell type-specific regulation of fibrinogen expression in lung epithelial cells by dexamethasone and interleukin-1beta. | our recent studies demonstrating the expression of fibrinogen (fbg) by an alveolar type ii cell line stimulated with proinflammatory mediators and also in the inflamed pulmonary epithelium of animals with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia suggest that extrahepatic fbg participates in the local acute phase response (apr) to infection and subsequent wound repair. however, the mechanisms that regulate extrahepatic fbg expression are poorly understood. this study compares the regulation of hepatic and ... | 2000 | 10657942 |
| variable use of therapeutic interventions for children with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in europe. | although a range of antiretroviral drugs are available for use in children, the appropriate paediatric regimen remains unclear. in a survey to investigate policies and practices relating to the therapeutic management of children infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), a postal questionnaire was sent to a named paediatrician in 70 major hiv centres in 13 european countries in early 1998. a total of 64 paediatricians (91%) responded. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis was found ... | 2000 | 10664230 |
| clinical presentation and outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in malawian children. | necropsy studies from africa have shown that pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is common in infants with hiv infection. we aimed to describe the rate, clinical presentation, and outcome of pcp in young malawian children with acute severe pneumonia. | 2000 | 10665557 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following discontinuation of primary prophylaxis despite highly active antiretroviral therapy. | 2000 | 10667904 | |
| unsuspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at presentation of severe primary immunodeficiency. | pneumocystis carinii is an important pathogen in immunodeficiency but may be an unrecognised cause of respiratory compromise. | 2000 | 10648370 |
| antimicrobial prophylaxis in adults. | antimicrobial prophylaxis is used by clinicians for the prevention of numerous infections, including sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus infection, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever, recurrent cellulitis, meningococcal disease, recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis, influenza, malaria, infective endocarditis, pertussis, plague, anthrax, early-onset group b streptococcal disease in neonates, and ... | 2000 | 10630764 |
| delays in tuberculosis isolation and suspicion among persons hospitalized with hiv-related pneumonia. | despite awareness of hiv-related tuberculosis (tb), nosocomial outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tb among hiv-infected individuals occur. | 2000 | 10631207 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with polymerase chain reaction: a blinded comparison to standard methods. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is an important cause of morbidity and death among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of respiratory specimens has been investigated as a rapid diagnostic method. we have previously reported on the utility of this technique for diagnosing pcp in hiv-infected patients. in this report we evaluate pcr used in a blinded study design to avoid biases inherent to retrospective and nonblinded studies. t ... | 2000 | 10619742 |
| risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | two hundred eleven adults with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia, including pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp; patients), and 192 matched hiv-infected hospitalized patients without pneumonia (controls) were interviewed to determine risk factors for pneumonia. multivariate logistic regression showed that patients were less likely than controls to have used trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) prophylaxis (odds ratio [or], 0.22; 95% con ... | 2000 | 10608762 |
| effect of a bis-benzyl polyamine analogue on pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii is the causative agent of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp), an opportunistic infection associated with aids and other immunosuppressed conditions. although polyamine metabolism of this fungus has been shown to be a chemotherapeutic target, this metabolism has not been thoroughly investigated. reported here is the effect of one polyamine analogue, n, n'-bis[3-[(phenylmethyl)amino]propyl]-1,7-diaminoheptane (bbs), on p. carinii. bbs inhibits the growth of p. carinii in culture, but ... | 2000 | 10639359 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection presents as common bile duct mass biopsied by fine-needle aspiration. | this paper describes a case of pneumocystis carinii (pc) presenting as a common bile duct intraluminal mass in an hiv-infected 30-yr-old homosexual man. in fine-needle aspiration smears, exuberant vascular proliferation associated with multinucleated giant-cell reactions was found within the granular exudate of pc. | 2000 | 10613968 |
| mkp1 of pneumocystis carinii associates with the yeast transcription factor rlm1 via a mechanism independent of the activation state. | the mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase mkp1 of the fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii is a functional map kinase that complements the loss of slt2p, the map kinase component of the cell integrity pathway of saccharomyces cerevisiae, and is activated within p. carinii in response to oxidative stress. mkp1 displays an unusual feature in that it contains a phosphorylation motif repeat (teymtey) within the activation loop not present in any other fungal mapk identified to date. mutagenesis of ... | 2000 | 10889467 |
| clinical course, prognostic factors, and outcome prediction for hiv patients in the icu. the pip (pulmonary complications, icu support, and prognostic factors in hospitalized patients with hiv) study. | to describe the clinical course and prognostic factors in patients with hiv admitted to the icu. | 2000 | 10893371 |
| the values of quantitative serum hiv-1 rna levels and cd4 cell counts for predicting survival time among hiv-positive individuals with cd4 counts of < or = 50 x 10(6) cells/l. | to evaluate the hiv-1 rna level as a predictor of survival time among individuals with advanced aids. | 2000 | 10894278 |
| down-regulation of gata-2 transcription during pneumocystis carinii infection. | differences in gene expression between pneumocystis carinii-infected and noninfected rats were examined. total rna was isolated from homogenized rat lungs and then subjected to differential display with combinations of oligo(dt) and various arbitrary pcr primers. approximately 50 differentially expressed bands were observed. several of these dna bands were isolated, reamplified, and cloned. the cloned dna fragments were used as probes to perform northern hybridization on rna from p. carinii-infe ... | 2000 | 10899878 |
| [pulmonary microcalcification with miliary foreign-body granulomas. residuals of cured pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is one of the most frequent infectious lung diseases in immunocompromised patients, especially in aids cases. the present case report describes pulmonary miliary microcalcifications with and without foreign-body reaction in a patient with successfully treated pcp who was known to have aids. this form of residues of completely healed pcp tends to be rare. other infectious granulomas, foreign-body granulomas and sarcoidosis must be differentially diagnosed. aft ... | 2000 | 10900618 |
| [infection after orthotopic liver transplantation: analysis of the first 120 consecutive cases]. | to report the infectious complications and presentation time of the first 120 consecutive liver transplants performed at our institution. | 2000 | 10901001 |
| effect of antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of bacterial pneumonia in patients with advanced hiv infection. | to determine the relationship of combination antiretroviral therapy and bacterial pneumonia, we assessed incidence of and risk factors for bacterial pneumonia in 1,898 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with cd4 cell counts < 200/mm(3) followed in the johns hopkins hiv clinic between 1993 and 1998. a total of 352 episodes of bacterial pneumonia occurred during 2,310 patient-years of follow-up. incidence of bacterial pneumonia decreased from 22.7 episodes/100 person-years (py) i ... | 2000 | 10903221 |
| a small structural element, pc-j5/5a, plays dual roles in a group ic1 intron rna. | the p4-p6 domain of group ic1 intron ribozymes such as that of the tetrahymena autonomously folds into a hairpin-shaped structure in which the j5/5a region serves as a hinge. phylogenetic comparisons of these ic1 introns suggested that the j5/5a region (termed pc-j5/5a motif) in a subclass of ic1 introns such as the one from pneumocystis carinii functions not only as a hinge but also as a receptor for a gaaa-tetraloop. we investigated the role of this motif by transplanting the structural unit, ... | 2000 | 10903928 |
| search for pneumocystis carinii dna in upper and lower respiratory tract of humans. | recent studies suggest that pneumocystis carinii dna may be detected by pcr in oropharyngeal secretions in the majority of patients with p. carinii pneumonitis (pcp). however, the prevalence of p. carinii dna in patients without pcp has not been well established. a prospective study of 258 nasal, pharyngeal, and salivary specimens from 86 individuals with aids, cancer or no underlying disease, and without respiratory infection, found no p. carinii dna in any of the samples. separately, to valida ... | 2000 | 10904188 |
| [temporal study in aids-associated disease in brazil, 1980-1999]. | trends in annual incidence of reported aids-associated opportunistic infections (oi/100 adults > 12 years old) among aids cases were estimated at the national level in brazil from 1980 through may 1999. the analysis included chi-square and linear regression modeling. the opportunistic infections included: candidiasis (cd), tuberculosis (tb), pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), neurotoxoplasmosis (nt), kaposi sarcoma (ks), cryptococcal meningitis (cm), and protozoa infections (pi). the overall ... | 2000 | 10904387 |
| sweet's syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: two sequelae of low-dose cytosine arabinoside therapy in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. | cytosine arabinoside in low dose is sometimes employed for treating acute myeloid leukaemia. we report here a case of acute myeloid leukemia, treated with low-dose cytosine arabinoside, who developed acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after attainment of remission. a direct effect of cytosine arabinoside on neutrophil function and an immunosuppressive potential in lower doses could be speculated. | 2000 | 10914942 |
| pneumocystis carinii mutations are associated with duration of sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis exposure in aids patients. | this study was conducted to determine whether pneumocystis carinii dyhydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene mutations in aids patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) are affected by duration of sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis and influence response to sulfa or sulfone therapy. the p. carinii dhps genes from 97 aids patients with pcp between 1991 and 1999 from 4 medical centers were amplified, using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and sequenced. mutations were observed in 76% of isolates from patients ... | 2000 | 10915088 |
| risk for preventable opportunistic infections in persons with aids after antiretroviral therapy increases cd4+ t lymphocyte counts above prophylaxis thresholds. | to determine incidence and risk for preventable opportunistic infections (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [pcp] and disseminated mycobacterium avium-complex [mac] infection) in persons whose cd4(+) t lymphocyte counts had increased by >/=100 cells/microl to exceed the threshold of risk and in persons whose cd4(+) counts had never dropped below the threshold of risk, we analyzed data collected during the period 1990-1998 in the adult/adolescent spectrum of hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) diseas ... | 2000 | 10915098 |
| [the value of bronchoalveolar lavage in the clarifying of hiv-associated lung diseases]. | examination of sputum is the first diagnostic step in the evaluation of hiv-infected patients with pulmonary complications. we were interested in the indications and the diagnostic value of subsequent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and especially the importance of so-called atypical bacteria. | 2000 | 10916494 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in south african children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has been regarded as uncommon in hiv-infected patients in africa, but diagnostic difficulties and geographic variability may partly account for this. there is little information on the incidence of pcp in hiv-infected children in africa. | 2000 | 10917216 |
| prospective cohort study of children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers, 1985 through 1997: trends in the risk of vertical transmission, mortality and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome indicator diseases in the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy. | to assess changes in the risk of vertical transmission of hiv and changes in both mortality and morbidity among children in southern connecticut with hiv infection after the introduction of treatment of hiv-infected pregnant women with antiretroviral drugs and of regimens to prevent or to treat aids indicator diseases in infected children. | 2000 | 10917219 |
| preclinical development of keliximab, a primatized anti-cd4 monoclonal antibody, in human cd4 transgenic mice: characterization of the model and safety studies. | the preclinical safety assessment of biopharmaceuticals necessitates that studies be conducted in species in which the products are pharmacologically active. monoclonal antibodies are a promising class of biopharmaceuticals for many disease indications; however, by design, these agents tend to have limited species cross-reactivity and tend to only be active in primates. keliximab is a human-cynomolgus monkey chimeric (primatized) monoclonal antibody with specificity for human and chimpanzee cd4. ... | 2000 | 10918514 |
| absence of cd40-cd40 ligand interactions in x-linked hyper-igm syndrome does not affect differentiation of t helper cell subsets. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of absent cd40-cd40 ligand interactions in patients with x-linked hyper-igm syndrome (xhigm) on the generation of th1 and th2 immunity. whole blood from patients and sex- and age-matched controls was stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (pma) and calcium ionophore a23187 in the presence of brefeldin a. after 5 h, cellular production of interferon-gamma, il-4, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and il-2 was measured by intracellular cytokine stai ... | 2000 | 10931152 |
| a soluble mannose receptor immunoadhesin enhances phagocytosis of pneumocystis carinii by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. in the normal host, p. carinii is susceptible to an array of first line host defense mechanisms that are operative in the lung. alveolar macrophages play a central role in the clearance of inhaled organisms. the macrophage mannose receptor (mr) appears to be sufficient for p. carinii phagocytosis. in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, mr expression on alveolar macrophages ... | 2000 | 10931380 |
| typing of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis by pcr-sscp to indicate a high frequency of co-infections. | broncho-alveolar lavage specimens from patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were investigated by pcr-single strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis of four genomic regions for p. carinii f. sp. hominis. in all, 32% of specimens produced two bands (one allele) for each of the four genomic regions, suggesting an infection with a single p.c. hominis type. the other specimens displayed more than two bands for at least one of the four genomic regions, suggesting several theoretical p ... | 2000 | 10933262 |
| improvements in outcomes of acute respiratory failure for patients with human immunodeficiency virus-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | in the early 1990s, hospital survival among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and respiratory failure was poor, approximately 20%. we examined icu use and outcomes for patients with acute respiratory failure from pcp from 1995 to 1997. we conducted a retrospective medical record review using a random sample of 71 hospitals in seven regions of the united states. among 1,660 patients with confirmed or presumed pcp, 155 (9%) received mecha ... | 2000 | 10934059 |
| permanent declines in pulmonary function following pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. the pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated respiratory infections, most notably pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), but also bacterial pneumonia (bp), result in reductions in lung function that have been studied mainly during the course of acute infection. whether hiv-associated pneumonias also cause permanent changes in pulmonary function is unknown. in this study we investigated the long-term effects of pcp and bp on pulmonary function in a cohort of hiv-infected persons. one thousand, on ... | 2000 | 10934095 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adolescents. | 2000 | 10937465 | |
| nodular granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a bone marrow transplant recipient. case report. | we report a case of nodular granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following bone marrow transplantation. the patient was a 40-year-old man who had undergone bone marrow transplantation for myeloblastic acute leukemia. he presented with fever, dyspnea and bilateral diffuse nodular infiltration of the lungs. bronchoalveolar lavage was negative. open lung biopsy was performed. histological examination revealed a granulomatous reaction with central necrosis surrounded by epithelioid and giant ... | 2000 | 10937774 |
| the pitfall in evaluating several serological markers of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a neutropenic patient. | we compared the significance of several serum markers to evaluate the activity of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in an immunocompromised patient. we successively measured kl-6, an amino-terminal propeptide of type iii procollagen (piiinp), and the cytokeratin 19 fragment (ck19) in the sera of a patient with pcp. interestingly, piiinp, kl-6, and ck19 levels in the sera did not increase at the time of onset of pcp during a neutropenic phase. instead, they markedly increased after the recover ... | 2000 | 10939542 |
| the lung as a target organ in patients with hematologic disorders. | the lung is one of the organs most severely affected by complications during the course of hematologic disorders. in the last years an impressive amount of progress has been made in clarifying the pathogenesis of lung diseases, particularly those occurring in conditions of severe immunosuppression such as bone marrow transplantion, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or leukemia. peculiar anatomical characteristics render the lung parenchyma highly susceptible to infections, but the clinical outc ... | 2000 | 10942933 |
| prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: too much of a good thing? | 2000 | 10943633 | |
| cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with wegner's granulomatosis undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. | to assess the incremental cost-effectiveness of 3 pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis strategies in patients with wegener's granulomatosis (wg) receiving immunosuppressive therapies: 1) no prophylaxis; 2) trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) 160 mg/800 mg 3 times a week, which is discontinued if patients experience an adverse drug reaction (adr); and 3) tmp/smx 160 mg/800 mg 3 times a week, which is replaced by monthly aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg) if patients experience an ad ... | 2000 | 10943875 |
| [pneumonia in hiv-infected patients: clinical observations]. | to determine the occurrence of pneumonias in hiv-infected patients in our hospital during 1990-1999; to evaluate the clinical significance of pneumonias in hiv-seropositive patients; to estimate the ethiology of pulmonary infection. | 2000 | 10944952 |
| the shape of the hiv/aids epidemic in puerto rico. | this study presents information on aids patients in puerto rico, including their general sociodemographic profile, some risk-related parameters, characteristics of vulnerable groups, and elements of the clinical spectrum of the disease. data were analyzed from the puerto rico aids surveillance program and available studies about the hiv/aids epidemic in puerto rico. a total of 23,089 aids cases was reported to the puerto rico aids surveillance program from january 1981 through february 1999. the ... | 2000 | 10949898 |
| prophylactic effect of fk463, a novel antifungal lipopeptide, against pneumocystis carinii infection in mice. | the prophylactic effect of fk463, a new water-soluble echinocandin-like lipopeptide with inhibitory activity against 1, 3-beta-d-glucan synthase, against pneumocystis carinii infection was investigated with the severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mouse model. treatment with fk463, pentamidine, and saline only was performed for 6 weeks from the day after the scid mice were inoculated intranasally with infected lung homogenates. fk463 at 0.2 or 1.0 mg/kg of body weight, pentamidine at 4 mg/kg, ... | 2000 | 10952565 |
| pcr-based quantification of pneumocystis carinii in in vitro systems. | in many laboratories, pcr has become a routine method for the sensitive diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii in patient samples. in contrast, quantification of fungal numbers in in vitro setups still largely relies on more conventional procedures such as histological stainings. these are time consuming and their applications are limited when dealing with small fungal numbers contaminated with tissue and cellular debris. this study presents a sensitive and rapid method for p. carinii quantification ... | 2000 | 10955953 |
| mechanisms of defence in the lung: lessons from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii continues to represent an important complication of individuals with compromised immunity. p. carinii interacts with immune and non-immune cells in the lung and mediates lung injury through a variety of mechanisms. cd4+ t lymphocytes are the cornerstone in defence against p. carinii. recent studies indicate that alveolar macrophages provide essential functions that significantly enhance clearance of p. carinii infection. p. carinii also attaches to alveolar epithelial cells, ... | 2000 | 10957761 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as a complication of immunosuppressive therapy. | patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents may develop opportunistic infections such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). this indicates a severe t-cell defect, but so far there are no established criteria for identifying patients at risk. | 2000 | 10961529 |
| 'infectious web'. | infections by helicobacter pylori are responsible for duodenal and gastric ulcers and are a significant risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. h. pylori was discovered in 1983, but many institutes in canada, europe, and the united states are already involved in programs to understand and treat the infections, as reflected by the growing number of internet sites devoted to this bacterium. most aids patients and about 20% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia develop pn ... | 2000 | 10962282 |
| [severe apnea: an early sign of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an hiv-negative infant]. | a few reports in the medical literature suggest an association between pneumocystis caring and apnea in small infants. this patient, a 1 month 20 days old, hiv negative, infant girl weighing 2,000 grams was admitted to hospital after presenting a severe episode of apnea with cyanosis and bradycardia. she progressively developed bronchopneumonia by p. carinii that required prolonged mechanical ventilation with high ventilatory parameters. the clinical course of this patient illustrates that apnea ... | 2000 | 10962861 |
| neuropathology and general autopsy findings in aids during the last 15 years. | a retrospective study of 450 consecutive aids autopsy cases (397 males, 53 females; mean age at death 38.4 years) in vienna, austria, between 1984 and 1999 compares the central nervous system (cns) findings in three cohorts: 1984-1992 (190 cases), 1993-1995 (162 cases) and 1996-1999 (98 cases, after introduction of triple antiretroviral therapy) and the relationship of cns findings to systemic aids pathology in the latter two cohorts. in these two groups, following involvement of the lung (85% a ... | 2000 | 10963370 |
| effect of cd40 ligand and other immunomodulators on pneumocystis carinii infection in rat model. | the corticosteroid-treated animal is well established as an experimental model for the study of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (pcp). latent or acquired infection with p. carinii in the murine lung progresses to fatal pneumonitis when the host is profoundly immunocompromized. in this study the effects of five immunomodulators; recombinant cd40 ligand (cd40l), bryostatin 1, recombinant flt3 ligand (flt3l), recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) and recombinant interleukin-15 ... | 2000 | 10968950 |
| relationship between mutations in dihydropteroate synthase of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis isolates in japan and resistance to sulfonamide therapy. | we examined mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) genes of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis (p. carinii) strains isolated from 24 patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) in japan. dhps mutations were identified at amino acid positions 55 and/or 57 in isolates from 6 (25.0%) of 24 patients. the underlying diseases for these six patients were human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (n = 4) or malignant lymphoma (n = 2). this frequency was almost the same as those reported in d ... | 2000 | 10970350 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with pyoderma gangrenosum treated with cyclosporin. | 2000 | 10971375 | |
| toxic epidermal necrolysis following combination of methotrexate and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | a 15-year-old boy with t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) (fab l1), diagnosed in 1995, received combination chemotherapy consisting of 6 weeks of induction (vincristine, epirubicin, l-asparaginase, prednisolone) and 2 weeks of consolidation (cytosine arabinosides, etoposide). after achieving remission, for further maintenance of remission, he was treated with 14 cycles of intensive chemotherapy consisting of 6-mp, 10 mg/kg orally on the first 4 days, and cyclophosphamide, 1200 mg/m2, vinc ... | 2000 | 10971734 |
| genetic divergence at the soda locus of six different formae speciales of pneumocystis carinii. | genetic divergence at the soda (manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, mnsod) locus were compared in six pneumocystis carinii formae speciales isolated from mouse, rabbit, human, macaque and pig. a degenerate oligonucleotide primer strategy was designed to amplify 85-90% of the full-length soda gene from p. carinii genomic dna isolates. dna sequence analysis revealed an a/t bias in the nucleotide composition (71-77.2%) and the presence of seven small introns (41-142 bp), interrupting each p. ... | 2000 | 10975697 |
| sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis and geographic region predict mutations in the pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene. | to determine factors associated with mutations in the pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene, a prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with confirmed p. carinii pneumonia was conducted in atlanta, seattle, and san francisco. clinical information was obtained from patient interview and chart abstraction. dhps genotype was determined from dna sequencing. overall, 76 (68.5%) of 111 patients had a mutant dhps genotype, including 22 (81.5%) of 27 ... | 2000 | 10979917 |
| genotyping of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis isolates in japan based on nucleotide sequence variations in internal transcribed spacer regions of rrna genes. | genotyping of pneumocystis carinii (pc) isolated from 24 bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid specimens in japan was examined based on nucleotide sequence variations in internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (its1 and its2, respectively) of rrna genes. we found 11 its1 genotypes including 2 novel ones and 11 its2 genotypes including 3 new ones. combining the its1 and its2 genotypes resulted in 30 its genotypes, of which 10 are newly described in this report. two or more genotypes in its regio ... | 2000 | 10981832 |
| evaluating a new strategy for prophylaxis to prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-exposed infants in thailand. bangkok collaborative perinatal hiv transmission study group. | to evaluate a strategy for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) for infants in thailand. | 2000 | 10983643 |
| fungal pneumonias. | hundreds of fungal species have been associated with pulmonary diseases in humans, but few are consistently found to cause pneumonia. this paper reviews the clinical presentations, geographic prevalence, and epidemiology of, as well as the most recent, yet readily available, diagnostic methods and general therapy for the more common fungal pneumonias. the chapter is divided into categories based on the fungi's physiological and growth characteristics, clinical presentations, and prevalence in th ... | 2000 | 10983933 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 2000 | 10985118 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients in africa--an important pathogen? | 2000 | 10985125 | |
| dual infection with pneumocystis carinii and pasteurella pneumotropica in b cell-deficient mice: diagnosis and therapy. | the clinical presentation, diagnosis, histopathologic findings, and elimination of dual respiratory tract infection with pasteurella pneumotropica and pneumocystis carinii were studied in 100 adult barrier-reared c.b17 and mrl- lpr mice homozygous for a targeted mutation of the jh region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain. | 2000 | 10987669 |