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serological response to an hpv16 e7 based therapeutic vaccine in women with high-grade cervical dysplasia.infection with oncogenic human papillomaviruses has been linked to the development of cervical neoplasia and cancer. the exclusive expression of e7, a viral oncogene, in infected cells makes this protein an ideal target for immunotherapy. we recently reported on the results of a trial in women with cervical carcinoma-in-situ using hspe7, a protein vaccine consisting of full length hpv16 e7 linked to a heat shock protein from m. bovis. the stimulating effects of hspe7 on specific cytotoxic t lymp ...201019555999
validation of thermofisher's papspin for human papillomavirus detection in cervicovaginal specimens using pcr with gp5+/gp6+ primers and the hybrid capture ii assay.the present study aimed to validate thermofisher's (thermo fisher scientific, runcorn, cheshire, uk) papspin (ps) for human papillomavirus (hpv) testing by in-house pcr and by the hybrid capture ii (hc2) assay and to compare the results with those obtained using specimen transport medium (stm) (digene diagnostics, gaithersburg, md, usa). forty-five patients underwent conization for known lesions ranging from atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (asc-us) with high-risk hpv (hr-hpv ...201019689463
association between toll-like receptor expression and human papillomavirus type 16 persistence.the mechanisms involved in mucosal immune control of cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infection remain ill defined. because toll-like receptors (tlrs) are key players in innate immune responses, we investigated the association between tlr expression and viral persistence or clearance in young women with incident infections with oncogenic hpv types 16 or 51. messenger rna expression of tlr1, tlr2, tlr3, tlr4, tlr6, tlr7, tlr8 and tlr9 was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-pcr usin ...201120473890
nf-κ b-dependent upregulation of icam-1 by hpv16-e6/e7 facilitates nk cell/target cell interaction.nk cell recognition of tumor cells is mediated by a delicate balance of signals received by mhc class i-binding inhibitory nk cell receptors and activating nk cell receptors, which mainly bind to virus-, stress- or tumor-induced ligands. in addition, adhesion molecules such as the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) and its receptors, the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (lfa-1) and mac-1, are crucial for immune synapse formation and nk cell-mediated killing. in this study, we sho ...201120473930
a tritherapy combination of a fusion protein vaccine with immune-modulating doses of sequential chemotherapies in an optimized regimen completely eradicates large tumors in mice.tumor-induced immunosuppression plays a critical role in both impeding tumor-specific immune responses and limiting the effects of cancer immunotherapy. analyses of regulatory cells recruited during the growth of the e7-expressing tumor, tc-1, revealed a high percentage of regulatory t cells (tregs) as well as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mdscs) in spleens and tumors. in this study, we proposed that treatment with immune-modulating doses of cyclophosphamide (ctx) and all-trans retinoic acid ...201120473939
awareness and knowledge about human papillomavirus among inuit women in nunavik, quebec.accurate knowledge about human papillomavirus (hpv) and its link to cervical cancer is essential for women to understand and make use of cervical cancer prevention and detection opportunities. this study was the first to survey awareness and knowledge of hpv in a population of canadian inuit. the objectives of this study were to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of inuit women in nunavik, quebec, canada, about hpv infection and its relation to cervical cancer and to study correlates of ...201120517640
immortalization of oral keratinocytes by functional inactivation of the p53 and prb pathways.a subgroup of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (hnsccs) contains high-risk human papillomavirus-type 16 (hpv16). the viral e6 and e7 oncoproteins inactivate the p53 and prb proteins, respectively. we examined the causative effect of hpv16 e6 and e7 expression on the immortalization of normal oral keratinocytes (okcs) and compared the resulting phenotype with alternative ways of p53- and prb-pathway abrogation frequently found in hnsccs without hpv. primary okcs were conditionally immortali ...201120499310
[human papillomavirus type 16- associated primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum following cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.] 201120189202
multiple human papillomavirus infections: the exception or the rule? 201121402540
human papillomavirus infection with multiple types: pattern of coinfection and risk of cervical disease.we investigated coinfection patterns for 25 human papillomavirus (hpv) types and assessed the risk conferred by multiple hpv types toward cervical disease.201121402543
human papillomavirus in head and neck cancers: biology, prognosis, hope of treatment, and vaccines.human papillomaviruses (hpvs), especially type 16, are implicated in the development of a subset of head and neck squamous cell cancers (hnsccs). this subset of oropharyngeal cancers possesses distinct clinical and laboratory features and outcome, and is particularly common in individuals who lack the traditional risk factors of tobacco and alcohol abuse. moreover, the annual incidence of hpv-related hnsccs has increased in the usa and europe in the last few years. as hpv-associated hnsccs share ...201121403517
alternative her/pten/akt pathway activation in hpv positive and negative penile carcinomas.the pathogenesis of penile squamous cell carcinoma (pscc) is not well understood, though risk factors include human papillomavirus (hpv). disruption of her/pten/akt pathway is present in many cancers; however there is little information on its function in pscc. we investigated her family receptors and phosphatase and tension homolog (pten) in hpv-positive and negative pscc and its impact on akt activation using immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (fish).201121407808
mechanism of human papillomavirus binding to human spermatozoa and fertilizing ability of infected spermatozoa.human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are agents of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in females and males. precise data about the presence, mechanism of infection and clinical significance of hpv in the male reproductive tract and especially in sperm are not available. here we show that hpv can infect human sperm, it localizes at the equatorial region of sperm head through interaction between the hpv capsid protein l1 and syndecan-1. sperm transfected with hpv e6/e7 genes and sperm exposed ...201121408100
human papillomavirus's physical state and cyclin a1 promoter methylation in cervical cancer.cervical cancer is the second biggest cause of death among human female cancers. human papillomavirus (hpv) is the main factor in this cancer, especially hpv types 16 and 18, which constitute the high-risk group. there are 2 physical states of hpv in host cells: integrated and episomal forms. our previous study explored the very high degree of cyclin a1 (ccna1) promoter methylation in invasive cervical cancer in which all cases were infected by hpv.201121412159
risk factors for hpv infection among american indian and white women in the northern plains.american indian (ai) women living in the northern plains have high incidence and mortality rates for cervical cancer. we assessed risk factors for human papillomavirus (hpv) infection among ai and white women.201121414655
a novel real-time genotyping assay for detection of the e6-350g hpv 16 variant.it has been suggested that some e6 human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 variants could be involved in viral persistence and progression of hpv infection. a novel one-step allelic discrimination real-time pcr was evaluated for e6-350g variant detection in 102 endocervical hpv 16 positive samples. this assay was also used to assess the distribution of this variant in spanish women with cervical cancer related to hpv 16. the detection limit for the allelic discrimination assay was 50 copies per react ...201121419166
ki-67 and proexc are useful immunohistochemical markers in esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia has been widely recognized as a precursor lesion for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. early detection offers the best prognosis for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. the differentiation of squamous dysplasia from reactive change and the classification of squamous dysplasia into high-grade or low-grade are sometimes subjective and challenging. in this study, we sought to evaluate multiple biomarkers and to develop clinically useful adjunct tools ...201121420715
the impact of epithelial biomarkers, local immune response and human papillomavirus genotype in the regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2-3.15-30% of cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2-3 (cin2-3) detected in punch biopsies regress spontaneously (ie, show cin1 or less in the follow-up cone). epithelial retinoblastoma protein (prb), tumour suppressor protein (p53), hpv genotype and immunoreactive cells have been reported to be helpful in predicting regression but their interaction in regression prediction is unknown.201121421698
human papillomavirus-induced lesions on tattoos may show features of seborrheic keratosis. 201121422356
[demyelinating disease and vaccination of the human papillomavirus].primary prevention by prophylactic vaccination against the major cause of cervical cancer, the carcinogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18, is now available worldwide. postlicensure adverse neurological effects have been described. the studies realized after the license are descriptive and limited by the difficulty to obtain the information, despite most of the statistical indexes show that the adverse effects by the vaccine of the hpv are not upper compared with other vaccines, the ...201121425100
in vivo longitudinal imaging of experimental human papillomavirus infection in mice with a multicolor fluorescence mini-endoscopy system.human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection. vaccines for hpv infection can reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer. to further improve such vaccines and to explore other methods of preventing or treating viral infection, longitudinal studies in experimental animals are desirable. here, we describe a newly developed multicolor endoscopic fluorescence imaging system to visualize early hpv infection with fluorescent protein-encoded pseudoviruses (ps ...201121430072
comparison of clinical and analytical performance of the abbott realtime high risk hpv test to the performance of hybrid capture 2 in population-based cervical cancer screening.the clinical performance of the abbott realtime high risk hpv (human papillomavirus) test (realtime) and that of the hybrid capture 2 hpv dna test (hc2) were prospectively compared in the population-based cervical cancer screening setting. in women >30 years old (n = 3,129), the clinical sensitivity of realtime for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 (cin2) or worse (38 cases) and its clinical specificity for lesions of less than cin2 (3,091 controls) were 100% and 93.3%, ...201121430098
molecular methods for a correct diagnosis of multiple hpv infections and clinical implications for vaccine.the human papillomavirus (hpv) family is characterized by minimal genotypic differences corresponding to different virus types. the aim of this study was to detect the hpv coinfections and the inner genotype in a series of 336 cervical-vaginal samples.201121430458
high-risk human papillomavirus and cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with oropharyngeal cancer.background: the purpose of this study was to determine the role of high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) in lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion in oropharyngeal cancer. methods: the study included patients with 90 oral carcinomas and 66 oropharyngeal carcinomas. high-risk hpv in situ hybridization was performed to detect hpv infection. results: the positive rate of high-risk hpv in situ hybridization was 15.4% (24 of 156). there was a significant difference in the fraction of positive ...201121438064
nuclear translocation of +¦-catenin and decreased expression of epithelial cadherin in human papillomavirus-positive tonsillar cancer: an early event in human papillomavirus-related tumour progression?high-risk human papillomaviruses (hpvs) constitute an important risk factor for tonsillar cancer. this study describes changes in cell adhesion molecules during metastasis of hpv-related and hpv-unrelated tonsillar carcinomas.201121438909
a cyano analogue of boswellic acid induces crosstalk between p53/puma/bax and telomerase that stages the human papillomavirus type 18 positive hela cells to apoptotic death.the p53 tumor suppressor pathway is disrupted by human papillomavirus (hpv) in over 90% of cervical cancers. hpv e6 protein promotes the degradation of p53 thereby inhibiting its stabilization and activation. this study demonstrates that treatment with a novel cyano derivative of 11-keto-ß-boswellic acid, i.e. butyl 2-cyano-3, 11-dioxours-1,12-dien-24-oate (bcdd) reduced the viral e6 mrna expression and lead to the accumulation of transcriptionally active p53 in the nucleus of hpv18 hela cells f ...201121440536
circulating human antibody-secreting cells during vaccinations and respiratory viral infections are characterized by high specificity and lack of bystander effect.surges of serum abs after immunization and infection are highly specific for the offending ag, and recent studies demonstrate that vaccines induce transient increases in circulating ab-secreting cells (ascs). these ascs are highly enriched but not universally specific for the immunizing ag, suggesting that a fraction of these ascs could arise from polyclonal bystander stimulation of preexisting memory cells to unrelated ags. this model is proposed to explain maintenance of long-lived serological ...201121441455
role and predictive strength of transglutaminase type 2 expression in premalignant lesions of the cervix.the demonstration that type 2 transglutaminase (tg2) can incorporate polyamine into the e7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 18 has led to the hypothesis that tg2 can have a role in the host cellular response to hpv infection. the aim of this study was to investigate whether hpv-related pathology, in infected human cervical epithelium, was associated with modulation of tg2 expression. normal controls and hpv-infected cervical biopsies were analyzed for the expression of tg2, and the ...201121441900
p16/ki-67 dual-stain cytology in the triage of ascus and lsil papanicolaou cytology: results from the european equivocal or mildly abnormal papanicolaou cytology study.the objective of this study was to analyze the diagnostic performance of a newly established immunocytochemical dual-stain protocol, which simultaneously detects p16(ink4a) and ki-67 expression in cervical cytology samples, for identifying high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin2+) in women with papanicolaou (pap) cytology results categorized as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ascus) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (lsil).201121442767
human papillomavirus genotyping as a predictor of high-grade cervical dysplasia in women with mildly cytologic abnormalities: a two-year follow-up report.high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) dna testing has emerged as another testing modality for women with mildly cytologic abnormalities. we conducted a two-year follow-up study of 108 women with mildly abnormal cervical cytology for detection of cin 2/3. a cervical swab sample was obtained for hpv genotyping by a hpv blot and histologic follow-up results were correlated with hr-hpv types. of the 108 cases, 93 (86.1%) were positive for hr-hpv dna. hpv-16 was detected in 45.1% of patients. cin g ...201121442773
the role of human papillomavirus in the pathogenesis of head & neck squamous cell carcinoma: an overview.cancer statistics report an increased incidence of oscc and opscc around the world. though improvements in screening and early diagnosis have dramatically reduced the incidence of this neoplasm in recent years, the 5-year-disease-free survival, is still poor, specially for oropharyngeal cancer, despite the great scientific and financial efforts. recently, several papers showed that hpv may be involved at least in the pathogenesis of a subgroup of oral and cervical scc, leading to distinct molecu ...201121447181
increases in human papillomavirus detection during early hiv infection among women in zimbabwe.individuals who acquire human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) may experience an immediate disruption of genital tract immunity, altering the ability to mount a local and effective immune response. this study examined the impact of early hiv infection on new detection of human papillomavirus (hpv).201121451006
cost-effectiveness of different human papillomavirus vaccines in singapore.human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines are widely available and there have been studies exploring their potential clinical impact and cost-effectiveness. however, few studies have compared the cost-effectiveness among the 2 main vaccines available - a bivalent vaccine against hpv 16/18, and a quadrivalent vaccine against 6/11/16/18. we explore the cost-effectiveness of these two hpv vaccines in tropical singapore.201121453537
human papillomavirus 16 e2 stability and transcriptional activation is enhanced by e1 via a direct protein-protein interaction.human papillomavirus 16 e1 and e2 interact with cellular factors to replicate the viral genome. e2 forms homodimers and binds to 12 bp palindromic sequences adjacent to the viral origin and recruits e1 to the origin. e1 forms a di-hexameric helicase complex that replicates the viral genome. this manuscript demonstrates that e1 stabilises the e2 protein, increasing the half life in both c33a and 293 t cells respectively. this stabilisation requires a direct protein--protein interaction. in additi ...201121458836
virucidal activity of the dendrimer microbicide spl7013 against hiv-1.topical microbicides for use by women to prevent the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other sexually transmitted infections are urgently required. dendrimers are highly branched nanoparticles being developed as microbicides. spl7013 is a dendrimer with broad-spectrum activity against hiv type i (hiv-1) and -2 (hiv-2), herpes simplex viruses type-1 (hsv-1) and -2 (hsv-2) and human papillomavirus. spl7013 [3% (w/w)] has been formulated in a mucoadhesive carbopol gel (vivagel® ...201121459115
human papillomavirus detection in moroccan patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 201121352537
immortalisation of normal human urothelial cells compromises differentiation capacity.the development of urothelial malignancy is not solely a consequence of loss of proliferation constraints but also involves loss of cellular differentiation, defined histopathologically as grade. although tumour grade is an independent prognostic marker for urothelial carcinoma (uc), the molecular events underpinning the loss of urothelial differentiation are poorly understood.201121353380
clinical experience with the cervista hpv hr assay: correlation of cytology and hpv status from 56,501 specimens.testing for high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (hpv) is a key component of current recommendations for cervical cancer screening. herein is described our clinical experience using cervista hpv hr, a testing platform recently approved by the us food and drug administration for clinical use. using data from a high-volume commercial laboratory, a retrospective analysis of cytologic and cervista hpv hr test results from 56,501 samples was performed, and an indirect comparison was made with previous ...201121354050
for cancers caused by hpv, two vaccines were just the beginning. 201121357595
epidermal growth factor genetic variation associated with advanced cervical cancer in younger women.objectives: epidermal growth factor (egf) stimulates cell proliferation by binding to its receptor (epidermal growth factor receptor), and the overexpression of this receptor is associated with poorer prognosis. the egf gene presents a polymorphism at position 61 (a/g), associated with higher egf production. we examined the association between this polymorphism and cervical cancer through a case-control study. methods: this study used the pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism method on a ...201121358296
prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus infection among married women in hanoi, vietnam, 2010.human papillomavirus (hpv) is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. this study examined the prevalence of cervical hpv infection and the distribution of hpv specific types among married women in hanoi to provide updated data for planning cancer preventive activities. sample of 750 married women aged 15 to 69 years were interviewed and had gynecological examination. hpv infection status and hpv genotyping tests were done for all participants. results: indicated that the prevalence of cervical hpv ...201121362673
haart and progression to high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in men who have sex with men and are infected with hiv.human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive men who have sex with men (msm) are at risk for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (ain) and cancer. the goal of this study was to identify risk factors associated with high-grade ain (ain-2,3) in hiv-positive msm, including the receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart).201121364075
human papillomavirus vaccination in males: the state of the science.human papillomavirus (hpv) is an extremely prevalent sexually transmitted infection that is typically acquired soon after onset of sexual activity. the burden of hpv-related malignant and nonmalignant disease is high in men and women. high-risk or oncogenic types of hpv cause cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancer in women. these types have also been shown to cause penile cancer in men and a substantial proportion of oropharyngeal and anal malignancy in men and women. low-risk types of hpv cause a ...201121365381
performance of p16ink4a immunocytochemistry as a marker of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions.protein p16(ink4a) immunocytochemistry (iccp16) has the potential to reveal lesions at risk of progression to anal cancer. this study examined measures of diagnostic validity of iccp16 in hiv-positive patients treated at the tropical medicine foundation of amazonas in the coloproctology outpatient clinic.201121365778
treatment of a human papillomavirus type 31b-positive cell line with benzo[a]pyrene increases viral titer through activation of the erk1/2 signaling pathway.numerous epidemiological studies have implicated cigarette smoking as a cofactor in the progression to cervical cancer. tobacco-associated hydrocarbons have been found in cervical mucus, suggesting a possible interaction with human papillomavirus (hpv)-infected cells. the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (bap) is a major component of cigarette smoke condensate that has received significant attention due to its ability to induce carcinogenesis. we have previously demonstrated by con ...201121367897
new indication approved for hpv vaccine. 201121370548
completion of the human papillomavirus vaccine series in females attending an urban immunization clinic.this project characterized the extent to which women and girls who initiated human papillomavirus vaccination between 2007 and 2009 at the baltimore city health department completed the full vaccine series, and reasons for failure to follow-up. more than 85% of girls and women had an incomplete series, and it was not possible to reach 80% of these girls and women using the phone number provided. those who were contacted reported not knowing they needed further doses, having forgotten, being too ...201121343841
high-risk human papillomavirus testing in women with asc-us cytology: results from the athena hpv study.this study evaluated the clinical performance of the cobas 4800 hpv test (roche molecular systems, pleasanton, ca) for high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) testing with individual hpv-16/hpv-18 genotyping in women 21 years or older with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (asc-us). women (n = 47,208) were recruited in the united states during routine screening, and liquid-based cytology and hpv testing were performed. the asc-us prevalence was 4.1% (1,923/47,208), and 1,578 w ...201121350104
potentiation of tumor radiotherapy by a radiation-inducible oncolytic and oncoapoptotic adenovirus in cervical cancer xenografts.the p53 tumor suppressor pathway is impaired in more than 90% of cervical cancers and cancer-derived cell lines as a result of infection by human papillomavirus (hpv). the hpv e6 oncoprotein forms complexes with p53 and promotes its degradation via ubiquitin-dependent mechanism. in our study, we attempted to improve the clinical outcomes of this combined therapy by modifying the p53-targeted adenovirus to become radiation-responsive. the antitumor adenovirus was constructed by inserting a radiat ...201121351100
self-collected human papillomavirus testing acceptability: comparison of two self-sampling modalities.human papillomavirus (hpv) testing can be used as a primary test for cervical cancer screening. hpv self-sampling has the potential to replace physician/nurse sampling. our objective was to compare the acceptability of two self-sampling methods among 205 women undergoing an excisional procedure for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) at the european institute of oncology (ieo).201121351869
human papillomavirus-related squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: a comparative study in whites and african americans.to evaluate the frequency of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in african americans and whites and to examine patient outcomes in these 2 groups.201121339403
prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in cytologic abnormalities from unvaccinated women living in north-western spain.cervical cancer and its precursors low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (lsil) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (hsil) are associated with infection by human papillomavirus (hpv), in particular hpv 16 and 18. the distribution of the hpv genotype varies with the severity of cervical disease, age and the geographic location of the patients. we report the results of a population study carried out in a region of north-western (nw) spain aimed at determining the prevalence of sin ...201121284738
safety of the hpv bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines during pregnancy (february).objective: to evaluate the safety of the human papillomavirus (hpv) bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines in pregnancy. data sources: pubmed (1966-august 2010) was searched using the terms human papillomavirus, human papillomavirus vaccine, and pregnancy. references were reviewed for relevant information. study selection and data extraction: all studies including humans that were published in english with data describing hpv vaccine administration in pregnancy were evaluated. data synthesis: two co ...201121285408
health-related quality of life in indian patients with three viral sexually transmitted infections: herpes simplex virus-2, genital human papilloma virus and hiv.health-related quality of life (hrqol) has not been studied in indian patients with viral sexually transmitted infections (stis): herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) and genital human papilloma virus (hpv) infections. furthermore, there is no reported study that compares hrqol among these two viral stis and hiv.201121289022
automated high throughput dna isolation for detection of human papillomavirus in oral rinse samples.oral hpv infection elevates risk of oropharyngeal cancer, but its natural history is unknown. natural history studies necessitate validation of an automated, high-throughput method for hpv genomic dna detection in oral rinse samples (ors).201121273118
intradermal injection of ppd as a novel approach of immunotherapy in anogenital warts in pregnant women.immunotherapy for treatment of recalcitrant warts was used through different modalities including intralesional injection of purified protein derivative (ppd), which is an extract of mycobacterium tuberculosis, used for testing exposure to tuberculin protein, either from a previous vaccination or from the environment. this method is used to evaluate the efficacy of a new approach of intradermal injection of ppd in the treatment of anogenital warts in pregnant women. a total of 40 pregnant women, ...201121276168
considerations for human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccination of mid-adult women in the united states.in the united states, human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccination is recommended for 11 or 12 year old girls, with catch-up vaccination through age 26 years. data are available for women over the age of 26 years on immunogenicity for both quadrivalent and bivalent hpv vaccines and on efficacy for the quadrivalent hpv vaccine. if hpv vaccines are licensed for use in women over 26 years of age (mid-adult women), recommendations for this age group will need to be considered. this review summarizes vacci ...201121277406
correlates of receiving recommended adolescent vaccines among adolescent females in north carolina.immunization is a successful and cost-effective method for preventing disease, yet many adolescents do not receive recommended vaccines. we assessed correlates of uptake of three vaccines (tetanus booster, meningococcal, and human papillomavirus [hpv] vaccines) recommended for adolescent females. methods. we examined cross-sectional data from 647 parents of 11-20 year-old females from north carolina who completed the carolina hpv immunization measurement and evaluation (chime) project follow-up ...201121263224
prevalence of human papillomavirus among women with normal cervical cytology in kuwait.this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and type specific distribution of human papillomavirus (hpv) in women with normal cervical cytology in kuwait. the study is the first of its type in kuwait and one of few in the middle east. the age specific distribution of hpv types was determined in 3,011 thinprep samples taken from women seeking routine gynaecological care. thinprep samples were screened for hpv dna by real-time pcr. the type specific distribution of the viruses was determ ...201121264866
expression of human papillomavirus 16 e7ggg oncoprotein on n- and c-terminus of potato virus x coat protein in bacterial and plant cells.the e7 oncoprotein from human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) is an attractive candidate for anti-cancer therapeutical vaccine development. in this study, we engineered different fusions of mutagenized coding sequence of e7 oncoprotein (e7ggg) with coat protein of potato virus x (pvx cp) both on 5'- and 3'-terminus of pvx cp and evaluated the influence of the length of linker (no linker, 4, 15aa) connecting pvx cp and e7ggg on their production. at first the expression in escherichia coli was cond ...201121266198
mutants of plant genes for developing cancer vaccines.preventive human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccination is an expensive practice and it may be an insufficient tool to tackle cervical cancer worldwide. therapeutic intervention is seeking for safe/effective vaccines inducing the activation of cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) that is required to clear the tumor. linking a tumor-specific antigen (i.e. the e7 oncoprotein of the 'high risk' hpvs) to molecules able to increase its immune 'visibility' represents a strategy to force the immune system to ...201121266841
phylogeny and polymorphism in the long control region, e6, and l1 of human papillomavirus types 53, 56, and 66 in central brazil.several studies related that different human papillomavirus (hpv) types and intratype variants can present different oncogenic potential. in opposite to hpvs 16 and 18 variants, information about variants of other carcinogenic hpv types is still scarce. the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variability of hpvs 53, 56, and 66 from central brazil isolates.201121270605
clinicopathologic implications of the epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclooxygenase 2 expression, and human papillomavirus status in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in the elderly.to find information on invasive squamous cervical carcinoma in the elderly, 110 invasive squamous cervical carcinomas obtained from 2 groups of patients (aged <60 and >60 years) were analyzed for human papillomavirus (hpv) status by polymerase chain reaction study, for immunohistochemical epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr), cyclooxygenase 2 (cox-2) expression, and clinicopathologic features.201121270615
acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccine among the urban, affluent and educated parents of young girls residing in kolkata, eastern india.aim: the human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine is recommended for adolescent girls and young women; however, the social structure in india will not permit vaccination of this age-group without parental approval. our study aimed to explore the attitude of affluent, urban indian parents towards the hpv vaccine. methods: well-to-do married couples with at least one daughter between 9-26 years of age were interviewed using a questionnaire in two parts. the first part was to assess their attitude to v ...201121314807
biomarker expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: potential progression predictive factors for low-grade lesions.the aim of this study was to reveal whether 3 biomarkers (p16ink4a, proex c, and human papilloma virus dna) are useful in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and whether they could predict disease progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-1. we analyzed 252 cervical specimens: nondysplastic mucosa (n = 9), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 229), and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 14). immunostaining for p16ink4a and proex c, and the hybridcapture ii assay for human pa ...201121315414
survival and human papillomavirus in oropharynx cancer in tax 324: a subset analysis from an international phase iii trial.the association between human papillomavirus (hpv) and overall survival (os) in oropharynx cancer (opc) was retrospectively examined in tax 324, a phase iii trial of sequential therapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer.201121317223
the role of human papillomavirus infection in breast cancer.breast cancer is the leading female cancer and the third most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. many studies have suggested a possible link between breast cancer pathogenesis and viral infection, particularly mouse mammary tumour virus, simian virus 40, epstein-barr virus, and human papillomavirus (hpv). a significant number of recent studies have reported that approximately 29% of human breast cancer tissues were positive for high-risk hpv subtypes, especially hpv subtypes 16, 18, or 33. ...201121318737
identification of key amino acid residues that determine the ability of high risk hpv16-e7 to dysregulate major histocompatibility complex class i expression.high risk human papillomavirus (hpv) types are the major causative agents of cervical cancer. reduced expression of major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc i) on hpv-infected cells might be responsible for insufficient t cell response and contribute to hpv-associated malignancy. the viral gene product required for subversion of mhc i synthesis is the e7 oncoprotein. although it has been suggested that high and low risk hpvs diverge in their ability to dysregulate mhc i expression, it is no ...201121321113
comparison of hpv genotyping assays and hybrid capture 2 for detection of high-risk hpv in cervical specimens.high-risk types of human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) are among the primary causes of cervical cancers. hybrid capture 2 (hc-ii) (digene, gaithersburg, md), which detects 13 hr-hpvs as a group, is the only hpv assay approved to date by the united states food and drug administration. in korea, several hpv genotyping assays are commercially available, including hpv rfmp (genematrix co., seoul), hpvdnachip (biomedlab co., seoul), and myhpv chip (mygene co., seoul). we compared the results of these assay ...201121325255
rapid genotyping of human papillomavirus by post-pcr array-based hybridization techniques.kinetic hybridization measurements on a microarray are expected to become a valuable tool for genotyping applications. a method has been developed that enables kinetic hybridization measurements of pcr products on a low-density microarray. this is accomplished by pumping a solution containing pcr products up and down through a porous microarray substrate. after every pumping cycle, the fluorescently labeled pcr products hybridized to capture probes immobilized on the solid surface of the porous ...201121325552
prevalence and clinical features of human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in okinawa, southern japan.previous studies from okinawa, a subtropical island in southern japan, demonstrated a higher prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) in oral carcinoma and a higher incidence of oral and pharyngeal carcinoma than those for mainland japan. the present study aims to investigate epidemiologic and clinical features of hpv in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) in okinawa. a total of 150 dna samples from 150 okinawan patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) were screened ...201121328000
casp8 promoter polymorphism is associated with high-risk hpv types and abnormal cytology but not with cervical cancer.only a small fraction of women infected with human papillomavirus (hpv) progress to cervical cancer pointing to additional risk factors including host genetics that might play a role in development of cervical cancer. caspase-8 (encoded by casp8 gene) is crucial in generating cell death signals to eliminate potentially malignant cells. genetic variation in casp8 might influence the susceptibility to cancer. casp8 -652 6n ins/del polymorphism has been previously reported to influence the progress ...201121328377
hpv types and variants among cervical cancer tumors in three regions of tunisia.cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among tunisian women, and the incidence rates vary by region. three tunisian registries report age-standardized rates of 6.3/10(5) in the central region, 5.4/10(5) in the north, and 2.7/10(5) in the south. high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) types and their variants differ in carcinogenic potential and geographic distribution. the hpv type and variant distribution could be a factor in the differing rates between regions of tunisia. tumor tissue w ...201121328380
oral lichen planus: malignant transformation and human papilloma virus: a review of potential clinical implications.oral lichen planus (olp) occurs in from 2% to 3% of the population and may have a risk of malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma (scc). this risk is not necessarily associated with exposure to tobacco and alcohol. an increased awareness of a possible role of human papilloma virus (hpv) and scc led us to review a possible association between this virus infection and malignant transformation of olp. the possible linkage between hpv and the risk of transformation of olp to malignancy ...201121330164
survivin and telomerase expression in the uterine cervix of women with human papillomavirus-induced lesions.infection by human papillomavirus is the most important risk factor in the pathogenesis of uterine cervical cancer. the aims of this study were to evaluate the expression of survivin protein and telomerase enzyme in samples of uterine cervix from women with human papillomavirus-induced lesions and to determine the relationship between survivin and telomerase expression and the different grades of cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma.201121330827
cost-consequences evaluation between bivalent and quadrivalent hpv vaccines in italy: the potential impact of different cross-protection profiles.two human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines are currently available: a bivalent hpv-16/18 and a quadrivalent hpv-6/11/16/18 vaccine. the vaccines may have different sustained- and cross-protection levels against non-vaccine oncogenic hpv-types. this study investigated the potential difference in clinical and economic impacts provided by two hpv vaccines in italy.201121334734
women's sexual behavior. population-based study among 65,000 women from four nordic countries before introduction of human papillomavirus vaccination.sexual behavior is of public health interest because of the association with reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections such as human papillomavirus, which is the causal factor of cervical cancer. the aim of the study was to describe patterns in women's sexual behavior in four nordic countries.201121306319
lack of hpv 16 and 18 detection in serum of colposcopy clinic patients.persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) types is necessary for the development of high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical carcinoma. the presence of hpv dna in the blood of cervical cancer patients has been reported; however, whether hpv dna is detectable in the blood of patients with pre-invasive cervical disease is unclear.201121306941
text message reminders to promote human papillomavirus vaccination.to implement and evaluate text message reminders for the second (hpv2) and third (hpv3) vaccine doses.201121300094
the hpv vaccine: are dosing recommendations being followed?the aims of this study were to determine the percentage of females who after initiating the human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine series, both completed it and completed it on-time, as well as to examine factors associated with series completion and on-time completion. using data from the north carolina immunization registry, of 138,823 females analyzed, 55% completed the series, and 28% completed it on-time. over 83% of those who initiated the vaccine series in 2006 completed it by the final study ...201121300098
biphasic vesicles for topical delivery of interferon alpha in human volunteers and treatment of patients with human papillomavirus infections.purpose. topical biphasic vesicle delivery system encapsulating interferon alpha (ifn a) was developed as an alternative to injections used to treat human papillomavirus (hpv) infections. methods. biphasic lipid vesicles encapsulating increasing doses of ifn a (biphasic ifn a) were characterized for encapsulation efficiency, size, zeta potential and vesicle structure by centrifugation, dynamic light scattering, confocal microscopy and small-angle x-ray scattering. biphasic ifn-a delivery into hu ...201121291377
human papillomavirus infection in women with and without cervical cancer in tbilisi, georgia.background: no accurate estimates of cervical cancer incidence or mortality currently exist in georgia. nor are there any data on the population-based prevalence of high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, which, in the absence of good-quality screening, is known to correlate with cervical cancer incidence. methods: we obtained cervical cell specimens from 1309 women aged 18-59 years from the general population of tbilisi, and also from 91 locally diagnosed invasive cervical cancers ...201121292583
distribution of human papillomavirus load in clinical specimens.the information about the range and distribution of human papillomavirus load in clinical specimens is important for the design of accurate clinical tests. the amount of human papillomavirus in cervical specimens was estimated using the digene hc2 hpv dna test(®) (qiagen). this semi-quantitative assay is based on linear signal amplification with an analytical limit-of-detection of approximately 2500 virus copies per assay and 3-4 log dynamic range. the dynamic range of the assay was extended by ...201121295613
frequency of human papillomavirus infection, coinfection, and association with different risk factors in colombia.the aims of this study were to provide new insights into infection patterns of six high-risk human papillomaviruses (hr-hpv-16, -18, -31, -33, -45, and -58) and two low-risk hpv types (lr-hpv-6 and -11), their association with risk factors and coinfection.201121296271
bd-proexc as adjunct molecular marker for improved detection of cin2+ after hpv primary screening.we investigated the efficacy of 8 cervical cancer screening strategies relative to cytology with emphasis on immunocytochemical detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrhpv)-induced cell transformation (bd-proexc) as a tool of triage following primary cytology or hrhpv testing. 3,126 women were tested with bd-surepath liquid-based cytology, hrhpv pcr genotyping and bd-proexc immunostaining, and colposcopy verification to calculate sensitivity and positive predictive value (ppv) in detectin ...201121297040
targeting hepatitis b virus and human papillomavirus induced carcinogenesis: novel patented therapeutics.viral infections leading to carcinogenesis tops the risk factors list for the development of human cancer. the decades of research has provided ample scientific evidence that directly links 10-15% of the worldwide incidence of human cancers to the infections with seven human viruses. moreover, the insights gained into the molecular pathogenetic and immune mechanisms of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human papillomavirus (hpv) viral transmission to tumour progression, and the identification of their ...201121517743
human papillomavirus (hpv) prevalence and accuracy of hpv testing to detect high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.concern was raised on using testing for high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (hpv) in cervical cancer screening in populations where hpv prevalence is high. the impact of hr hpv prevalence on the efficiency of hpv test-based screening has never been directly evaluated. a meta-regression of the relationship between hr hpv prevalence and the specificity and positive predictive value (ppv) of hpv dna testing for the presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (cin2+) was performe ...201121520039
[whim syndrome: on the track of an interplay between human papillomavirus and the cxcl12 chemokine]. 201121524391
shedding of epstein-barr virus and cytomegalovirus from the genital tract of women in a peri-urban community in andhra pradesh, india.we found a large number of false-positive via (visual inspection with acetic acid) readings in a study of cervical cancer screening strategies (via, hpv dna testing, and pap cytology) in a peri-urban community in andhra pradesh, india. we evaluated whether these false-positives might be occurring as a result of infections with epstein-barr virus (ebv) or cytomegalovirus (cmv), prevalent latent herpesviruses known to be shed from the female genital tract. while we found that there was no associat ...201121525227
risks for persistence and progression by human papillomavirus type 16 variant lineages among a population-based sample of danish women.background: little is known about factors determining hpv16 persistence and progression, but several studies have suggested that genetic variants may play a role. methods: hpv16-positive women with normal cytology in a large danish cohort were re-assessed for hpv16 status at 2 years, and followed-up for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 or worse (cin3+) over 11 years through linkage with a national pathology database. relative risks for clearance, persistence and progression were compared by ...201121527576
the prevalence of human papillomavirus in oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to cervical lesions used as a positive control.background: previous reports concerning the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) have observed varied results. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hpv in oral premalignant lesions (opl) and oscc. for accurate hpv detection in oral lesions, comparative analysis was performed on cervical lesions as positive controls. methods: fifty-seven cases with opl and 50 with oscc were selected. twenty-nine control cases were selected from cervica ...201121528380
nucleotide deficiency promotes genomic instability in early stages of cancer development.chromosomal instability in early cancer stages is caused by stress on dna replication. the molecular basis for replication perturbation in this context is currently unknown. we studied the replication dynamics in cells in which a regulator of s phase entry and cell proliferation, the rb-e2f pathway, is aberrantly activated. aberrant activation of this pathway by hpv-16 e6/e7 or cyclin e oncogenes significantly decreased the cellular nucleotide levels in the newly transformed cells. exogenously s ...201121529715
regulation of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of viral proteins: an integral role in pathogenesis?signal-dependent targeting of proteins into and out of the nucleus is mediated by members of the importin (imp) family of transport receptors, which recognise targeting signals within a cargo protein and mediate passage through the nuclear envelope-embedded nuclear pore complexes. regulation of this process is paramount to processes such as cell division and differentiation, but is also critically important for viral replication and pathogenesis; phosphorylation appears to play a major role in r ...201121530593
the potential role of self-sampling for high-risk human papillomavirus detection in cervical cancer screening.high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) detection will become an important tool in the screening for cervical cancer. self-sampling is an inexpensive and well-accepted method for hpv detection that will increase participation of nonresponders in current screening programs. even more, because self-collected samples are as good as physician-collected samples for hpv detection, self-sampling might be a suitable method for future primary cervical cancer screening. copyright © 2011 john wiley & sons, ...201121538664
viruses and the fuel sensor: the emerging link between ampk and virus replication.adenosine 5' monophosphate-activated protein kinase (ampk) is conserved in all eukaryotic cells and functions as the key regulator of cellular metabolism by responding to the energy status of the cell. it is activated by an increase in the amp:atp ratio and then attempts to redress the balance by upregulating catabolic processes, whilst concomitantly inhibiting anabolic processes. despite its critical importance in the functioning of eukaryotic cells, there has been a paucity of studies investig ...201121538667
completion and timing of the three-dose human papillomavirus vaccine series among adolescents attending school-based health centers in oregon.many adolescents do not complete the 3-dose human papillomavirus vaccine series in the recommended time frame, or at all. given the challenges of administering a multi-dose vaccine to adolescents, especially those in vulnerable populations, we evaluated completion of the human papillomavirus vaccine series in 19 of oregon's school-based health centers.201121539853
long-term impact of human papillomavirus vaccination on infection rates, cervical abnormalities, and cancer incidence.: vaccination against human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16/18 is being implemented in many countries. there may be indirect benefit of hpv vaccination to nonvaccinated women, who may experience a reduced risk of infection with vaccine-preventable types (herd immunity). we attempt to disentangle the direct and indirect effects of hpv vaccination, while accounting for 14 oncogenic hpv types in a dynamic modeling framework.201121540743
polymorphisms of mdm4 and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.purpose: mouse double minute 4 (mdm4), a homolog of mdm2, is one of the key negative regulators of p53, and its amplification or overexpression contributes to carcinogenesis by inhibiting the p53 tumor suppressor activity. we investigated the association between mdm4 polymorphisms and the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (scchn). methods: we genotyped three mdm4 tagging polymorphisms, two in the 3' untranslated region (rs11801299g>a and rs10900598g>t) and one in intron 1 (rs1 ...201121540763
nrip, a novel calmodulin binding protein, activates calcineurin to dephosphorylate hpv e2 protein.previously, we found a gene named nuclear receptor interaction protein (nrip) (or dcaf6 or iqwd1). we demonstrate that nrip is a novel binding protein for human papillomavirus 16 (hpv-16) e2 protein. hpv-16 e2 and nrip can directly associate into a complex in vivo and in vitro, and the n-terminal domain of nrip interacts with the transactivation domain of hpv-16 e2. only full-length nrip can stabilize e2 protein and induce hpv gene expression, and nrip silenced by two designed sirnas decreases e ...201121543494
[prevalence of high- and low-risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses in patients with external genital pathology].the paper presents the results of examining 49 patients with genital papillomas, vulvar and vaginal leukoplakia, dysplasia, and cancer. the findings may suggest that human papillomavirus plays an important role in the development of vulvar and vaginal lesions and reconsider the importance of high- and low-risk oncogenic genotypes in the development of benign neoplasms, precancerous conditions, and malignant tumors of the vulva and vagina.201121545037
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