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sequence of the pearl oyster carbonic anhydrase-related protein and its evolutionary implications.carbonic anhydrases are conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates, and a noncatalytic carbonic anhydrase-related protein viii (carp viii) has been found in deuterostomes and the phylum placozoa. i isolated a cdna encoding a noncatalytic carp from the mantle of the pearl oyster pinctada fucata. the polypeptide (carp-1) predicted from the nucleotide sequence shares 44-60% identity with known carp viii sequences, and its phylogenetic analysis showed that p. fucata formed a single group with deuter ...201221964518
modulation of cytochrome p450 and induction of dna damage in cyprinus carpio exposed in situ to surface water treated with chlorine or alternative disinfectants in different seasons.epidemiological studies have shown an association between consumption of disinfected drinking water and adverse health outcomes. the chemicals used to disinfect water react with occurring organic matter and anthropogenic contaminants in the source water, resulting in the formation of disinfection by-products (dbps). the observations that some dbps are carcinogenic in animal models have raised public concern over the possible adverse health effects for humans. here, the modulation of liver cytoch ...201222001235
comparative responsiveness to natural and synthetic estrogens of fish species commonly used in the laboratory and field monitoring.exposure to estrogenic chemicals discharged into the aquatic environment has been shown to induce feminization in wild freshwater fish and although fish species have been reported to differ in their susceptibility for these effects, empirical studies that directly address this hypothesis are lacking. in this study, in vitro erα activation assays were applied in a range of fish species used widely in chemical testing (including, zebrafish, fathead minnow, medaka) and/or as environmental monitorin ...201222000336
effects of long-term exposure to simazine in real concentrations on common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the effects of a 90 day simazine exposure at concentrations of 0.06 (reported concentration in czech rivers), 1, 2, and 4 μg l⁻¹ were assessed in one-year-old common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). its influence on biometric parameters, hematology, blood biochemistry, liver biomarkers, and histology was investigated. biometric parameters of common carp exposed to simazine at 0.06 μg l⁻¹ showed no differences from untreated fish. simazine concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 μg l⁻¹ caused significant (p<0.01 ...201222036208
organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments and fish from freshwater cultured fish ponds in different agricultural contexts in north-eastern france.organochlorine pesticides (hcb, hch with α-, β-, and γ isomers, heptachlor, cis-heptachlor epoxyde, trans-heptachlor epoxyde, endosulfan with α- and β isomers, sulfate endosulfan, o,p'-ddt, p,p'-ddt, o,p'-dde, p,p'-dde, o,p'-ddd, p,p'-ddd, chlorothalonil, alachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, methoxychlor, oxychlordane, chlordane with α- and γ isomers, p,p'-dicofol and o,p'-dicofol) and indicators pcbs (iupac nos. 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) were studied both in sediments and muscles of farmed fi ...201222071217
molecular characterization and expression analysis of two new c-reactive protein genes from common carp (cyprinus carpio).c-reactive protein (crp) plays an important role in the acute phase response. transcripts encoding two new crp-like molecules (cccrp1 and cccrp2) from european common carp have been characterized which has enabled seven crp-like genes to be identified in zebrafish. 79.3% (cccrp1) and 74.5% (cccrp2) identity to crp from east-asian common carp occurs and fish crp genes form a distinct clade. cccrp2 gene organization comprises four exons and three introns, in contrast to the two exons/one intron or ...201222079493
effects of the commercial formulation containing fipronil on the non-target organism cyprinus carpio: implications for rice-fish cultivation.the aim of this research was to evaluate possible toxic effects of commercial formulation containing fipronil on cyprinus carpio tissues under rice field conditions. antioxidant profile (sod, catalase, glutathione s-transferase), oxidative stress parameters (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, protein carbonyl), and growth were investigated in carp exposed to fipronil under rice field conditions for 7, 30, and 90 days. waterborne insecticide concentrations were measured and the detectable c ...201222078114
extracellular ph dynamics of retinal horizontal cells examined using electrochemical and fluorometric methods.extracellular h(+) has been hypothesized to mediate feedback inhibition from horizontal cells onto vertebrate photoreceptors. according to this hypothesis, depolarization of horizontal cells should induce extracellular acidification adjacent to the cell membrane. experiments testing this hypothesis have produced conflicting results. studies examining carp and goldfish horizontal cells loaded with the ph-sensitive dye 5-hexadecanoylaminofluorescein (haf) reported an extracellular acidification on ...201222090459
in vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of astragalus polysaccharides against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte damage in common carp (cyprinus carpio).the present study is aiming at evaluating the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of astragalus polysaccharide (aps) on the carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4))-induced hepatocyte and liver injury in common carp in vitro and in vivo. in vitro, aps (200, 400 and 800 μg/ml) was added to the carp primary hepatocytes before (pre-treatment), after (post-treatment) and both before and after (pre- and post-treatment) the incubation of the hepatocytes with ccl(4) at 8 mm in the culture medium. aps at conc ...201222089693
bioaccumulation of trace elements in different tissues of three commonly available fish species regarding their gender, gonadosomatic index, and condition factor in a wetland ecosystem.in the present research, accumulation of cd, co, cr, cu, mn, ni, pb, v, and zn were determined in sediments and fillet, liver, kidney, gonads, and gills of three commonly fish species in the largest wetland ecosystem that is located in southwest of iran; shadegan wetland. shadegan is one of the most important wetland that posses various fauna and flora but suffers inputs from agricultural and industrial activities. so, sediment samples and fish species including barbus grypus, barbus sharpeyi, a ...201221553249
molecular characterization of cart, agrp, and mc4r genes and their expression with fasting and re-feeding in common carp (cyprinus carpio).cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart), agouti-related proteins (agrp) and melanocortin 4 receptor (mc4r) involves in the control of appetite. the genes were cloned and characterized, and their regulation was studied in common carp. the carti and cartii genes encode 117- and 120-amino acids, respectively. the agrp-1 and agrp-2 genes encode 128- and 136-amino acids, respectively. carti was principally expressed in the brain, eye and ovary, while cartii was highly expressed in the bra ...201221643748
adrenergic regulation of the innate immune response in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).catecholamines exert their physiological actions through α and β adrenergic receptors (ars). as ars are not exclusively expressed on neuroendocrine cells, but also on leukocytes, they may facilitate neuroendocrine modulation of immune responses. we sequenced the β(2a)-ar in common carp, and studied its expression profile and involvement in the regulation of teleost innate immune responses. β(2a)-ar messenger rna was found to be constitutively expressed in brain areas, especially in the preoptic ...201221641927
tissue biochemical alterations of cyprinus carpio exposed to commercial herbicide containing clomazone under rice-field conditions.field and laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate toxicological responses of cyprinus carpio exposed to the commercial herbicide clomazone (500 mg l(-1)). fish were exposed to 0.5 mg l(-1) of the formulated herbicide for 7, 30, and 90 days. fish were exposed to clomazone in field conditions (7, 30, or 90 days trapped in submersed cages together with rice crops) and in laboratory conditions where the fish were placed in 45-l tanks with tap water only for 7 days. fish exposed for 7, 30, ...201221509605
evaluations of the nutritional value of jatropha curcas protein isolate in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).jatropha curcas seeds are rich in oil and protein. the oil is used for biodiesel production. jatropha seed cake (jsc) obtained after oil extraction is rich in protein; however, it is toxic (phorbol esters content 1.3 mg/g) and consists of 50-60% shells, which are indigestible. the principle of isoelectric precipitation was used to obtain jatropha protein isolate (jpi) from jsc and it was detoxified (djpi). carp (n = 45, 20.3 ± 0.13 g) were randomly distributed into five groups with three replica ...201221895778
characterization of a mannose-binding lectin from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is an important component of innate immunity capable of activating the lectin pathway of the complement system. a mbl gene was isolated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). the deduced protein contains a canonical collagen-like domain, a carbohydrate recognition domain (crd), and a neck region similar to mammalian mannose-binding lectin. the catfish mannose-binding lectin crd contains the epn motif shown previously to mediate mannose specificity. the catfish m ...201221524427
toxicity of moringa oleifera seed extract on some hematological and biochemical profiles in a freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio.the study was carried out to investigate the acute and sublethal toxicity of moringa oleifera seed extract on hematological and biochemical variables of a freshwater fish cyprinus carpio under laboratory conditions. the 96 h lc50 value of m. oleifera seed extract to the fish c. carpio was estimated by probit analysis method and was found to be 124.0 mg/l (with 95% confidence limits). for sublethal studies a non lethal dose of 1/10th of 96 h lc50 value (12.40 mg/l) was taken. during acute treatme ...201221282048
hormonal induction and semen characteristics of tambaqui colossoma macropomum.in the hatchery-bred tambaqui colossoma macropomum, spontaneous semen release does not occur, and hand-stripping produces reduced semen volume. the goal of this work is to evaluate the effects of hormonal induction with carp pituitary extract (cpe) on both qualitative (visual aspect, ph, motility, viability and morphological abnormalities) and quantitative (volume, concentration and number of spermatozoa per ejaculate) traits of tambaqui semen. eleven males were treated with cpe (induced), and 1 ...201221208496
¹h nmr-based metabolomics approach to assess toxicity of bunker a heavy oil to freshwater carp, cyprinus carpio.using a ¹h nmr metabolomics approach, the effects of dietary exposure of bunker a heavy oil (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 5% in diet) on freshwater carp, cyprinus carpio, were examined. statistical analysis by pca score plots showed that the amount of metabolites in exposure groups 0.1, 1, and 5% differed from those in the control group. although no discernible effects on metabolites were noted in the 0.1% exposure group as well as in the lowest concentration (0.01%) group, several metabolites such as amin ...201220882592
koi herpes virus: a review and risk assessment of indian aquaculture.common carp (cyprinus carpio) is a widely cultivated freshwater fish for human consumption, while koi carp, is a farmed colored sub species of common carp used for ornamental purposes. since 1998, both common carp and koi carp are severely affected by a viral disease called as koi herpes virus disease (khvd). this disease is caused by koi herpes virus (khv), also known as cyprinid herpes virus-3. the virus causes interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis in carps, so it is also termed as carp int ...201223997436
minimizing the extra-oral time in autogeneous tooth transplantation: use of computer-aided rapid prototyping (carp) as a duplicate model tooth.the maintenance of the healthy periodontal ligament cells of the root surface of donor tooth and intimate surface contact between the donor tooth and the recipient bone are the key factors for successful tooth transplantation. in order to achieve these purposes, a duplicated donor tooth model can be utilized to reduce the extra-oral time using the computer-aided rapid prototyping (carp) technique.201223431083
pharmacokinetics and residues of tetracycline in crucian carp muscle using capillary electrophoresis on-line coupled with electrochemiluminescence detection.a novel and sensitive determination for tetracycline (tc) in crucian carp muscle was developed by using capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence (ecl) detection. the conditions affected separation and detection were examined in detail. the linearity range of tc concentration was from 0.005 to 10 μg ml(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992. the detection limit of tc (s/n=3) was 1.8 ng ml(-1). the relative standard deviations of the ecl intensity and the migration tim ...201223442695
participation of cathepsin l in modori phenomenon in carp (cyprinus carpio) surimi gel.cathepsin l (cat l) in carp (cyprinus carpio) dorsal muscles was purified and its molecular weight determined by sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) was 36 kda. its optimal temperature and ph were 50 °c and 5.5, respectively. the results of the effects of specific substrates, activators and inhibitors on the enzymatic activity showed that cat l belongs to the family of cysteine proteinases containing thiol. compared to the control, the gel strength of surimi with the addition of pu ...201223442651
effect of chronic exposure to prometryne on oxidative stress and antioxidant response in early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the aim of the study was to investigate effects of the triazine herbicide prometryne on early life stages of common carp cyprinus carpio as indicated by oxidative stress and antioxidant indices.201223353856
oxidative stress parameters in early developmental stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after subchronic exposure to terbuthylazine and metribuzin.this work assessed the subchronic effects of the triazine compounds terbuthylazine and metribuzin on embryo-larval stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using biotransformation enzyme and selected oxidative stress parameters.201223353855
influence of cyanobacteria on water activity and dry matter of muscles in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss w.).cyanobacteria are studied from the viewpoint of the issue of risks to water supply, agriculture and recreational activities for a long time. cyanobacteria produce a wide range of substances which can be toxic and can influence the safety and quality of fish products. the aim of this study was to determine whether the diet with the content of cyanobacteria can affect the water activity and the dry matter of fish muscle and whether this diet can contribute significantly to the shelf life of fish m ...201223353854
effects of low-concentrations of simazine on early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the aim of this study is to assess the toxicity of simazine in different developmental stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio) on the basis of mortality, early ontogeny, occurrence of morphological anomalies, growth rate, and fulton's condition factor during and at the conclusion of the test.201223353850
magnetic alignment in carps: evidence from the czech christmas fish market.while magnetoreception in birds has been studied intensively, the literature on magnetoreception in bony fish, and particularly in non-migratory fish, is quite scarce. we examined alignment of common carps (cyprinus carpio) at traditional christmas sale in the czech republic. the sample comprised measurements of the directional bearings in 14,537 individual fish, distributed among 80 large circular plastic tubs, at 25 localities in the czech republic, during 817 sampling sessions, on seven subse ...201223227241
cardiac ankyrin repeat protein attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by inhibition of erk1/2 and tgf-β signaling pathways.it has been reported that cardiac ankyrin repeat protein is associated with heart development and diseases. this study is aimed to investigate the role of carp in heart hypertrophy in vivo.201223227174
anatoxin-a induces apoptosis of leukocytes and decreases the proliferative ability of lymphocytes of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in vitro.cyanobacteria (cyanophyta, cyanoprocaryota, cyanobacteria) (blue-green algae) are procaryotic phototrophic microorganisms playing an important ecological role in the freshwater and marine environment as primary producers. however, as a consequence of water eutrophication observed in many reservoirs in different parts of the world, these microorganisms form massive scums, known as water blooms, releasing cyanotoxins hazardous to fish and other aquatic organisms. cyanotoxins are cyanobacterial sec ...201223214375
effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the course of physical and chemical changes in chilled muscle tissue of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix, v.).the effect of two types of modified atmosphere (ma1: 69% n2, 25% co2, 5% o2, 1% co; ma2: 70% n2, 30% co2) on changes in physical and chemical parameters (ph, a(w)--water activity, tvbn - total volatile basic nitrogen, tma - trimethylamine, ffa - free fatty acids, pv - peroxide value, tba--thiobarbituric acid) in muscle tissues of the silver carp was monitored in the study. the samples were stored at temperatures +2 +/- 2 degrees c for 18 days. changes in gas volumes (co2 and o2) in mas were also ...201223214362
[characteristics of heavy metal pollution in daninghe river and modaoxi river of three gorges reservoir areas].in order to explore the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in three gorges reservoir areas, the present study analyzed the heavy metals in sediments and wild crucain carp from daning river and modaoxi river which are two typical tributaries, and then the potential risk was evaluated using potential ecological risk index for sediments and comprehensive pollution index for fish, respectively. the results showed that concentrations of zn and cr were higher (daning river: 78.31 and 83.98 mg x ...201223213878
[microsatellite markers for parentage identification in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian)].using 16 microsatellite loci we estimated the parentage of 647 progeny in 10 jian carp full-sib families. cervus 3.0 analysis showed that mean pic value of 16 microsatellites, mean number of allele, and mean expected heterozygosity were 0.7025, 6.63, and 0.7405, respectively. the combined probability of exclusion was 0.99922456 when both parents were unknown and the combined probability of exclusion was 0.99999557 when only one of the parental genotype was known, with the confidence level of 95% ...201223208142
polymorphisms in myostatin gene and associations with growth traits in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).myostatin (mstn) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily that negatively regulates skeletal muscle development and growth. in the present study, partial genomic fragments of mstn were screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in selected common carp individuals from wild populations, and two snps in intron 2 (c.371 + 749a > g, c.371 + 781t > c) and two synonymous snps in exon 3 (c.42a > g, c.72c > t) were identified. genotyping by direct sequencing of polymerase cha ...201223203105
culture of common carp (cyprinus carpio) with defined flesh quality for prevention of cardiovascular diseases using finishing feeding strategy.fish is the major source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 pufa) which are well known to have positive effects in prevention of cardiovascular diseases. this study investigated the possibility to produce common carp with defined flesh quality using finishing feeding strategy and predict changes of fillet fa by a dilution model.201223183512
sperm cryopreservation of the indian major carp, labeo calbasu: effects of cryoprotectants, cooling rates and thawing rates on egg fertilization.a sperm cryopreservation protocol for the indian major carp, labeo calbasu, was developed for long-term preservation and artificial fertilization. milt collected from mature male fish were placed in alsever's solution (296mosmolkg(-1)) to immobilize the sperm. cryoprotectant toxicity was evaluated by motility assessment with dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and methanol at 5, 10 and 15% concentrations. dmso was more toxic at higher concentrations than methanol, and consequently 15% dmso was excluded fr ...201223182472
new biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis.rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a common autoimmune disease affecting around 1% of the population. although major advances have been made in the treatment of ra, still relatively little is known on disease pathogenesis and aetiology. from treatment studies it has become clear that treating patients early in their disease course will provide the best results. however, especially in the early phase of arthritis, in particular when the patients do not yet fulfil the criteria for ra, it is difficult to ...201223123533
genome-wide snp discovery from transcriptome of four common carp strains.single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have been used as genetic marker for genome-wide association studies in many species. gene-associated snps could offer sufficient coverage in trait related research and further more could themselves be causative snps for traits. common carp (cyprinus carpio) is one of the most important aquaculture species in the world accounting for nearly 14% of freshwater aquaculture production. there are various strains of common carp with different economic traits, how ...201223110192
analysis of genome survey sequences and ssr marker development for siamese mud carp, henicorhynchus siamensis, using 454 pyrosequencing.siamese mud carp (henichorynchus siamensis) is a freshwater teleost of high economic importance in the mekong river basin. however, genetic data relevant for delineating wild stocks for management purposes currently are limited for this species. here, we used 454 pyrosequencing to generate a partial genome survey sequence (gss) dataset to develop simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers from h. siamensis genomic dna. data generated included a total of 65,954 sequence reads with average length of 264 ...201223109823
aggregation and structural changes of silver carp actomyosin as affected by mild acidification with d-gluconic acid δ-lactone.the structural changes and aggregation properties of silver carp actomyosin acidified with d-gluconic acid-δ-lactone (gdl) were investigated. results showed that silver carp actomyosin underwent aggregation and formation of precipitate as indicated by turbidity and centrifugation coupled electrophoresis analysis. circular dichroism indicated that myosin rod unfolded during acidification, resulting in a gradual decrease in α-helical content. the changes in tertiary structure of actomyosin under a ...201223107720
structurally conserved c-rfa revealed prolactin releasing activity in vitro and gene expression changes in pituitary of seasonally acclimatized carp.here we show the cloning and characterization of a novel homolog of prepro c-rfa cdna from cyprinus carpio. the deduced preprohormone precursor of 115 amino acids leads to a mature bioactive peptide of 20 amino acids with identical sequence to other teleost c-rfa. modeling of the mature c-rfa peptide highlighted significant similarity to homologous human prrp20, specifically the conserved amphipathic system defined by the c-terminal alpha-helix. clearly, the synthetic c-rfa peptide stimulated pr ...201223096363
microscopy and microanalysis of hematological parameters in common carp, cyprinus carpio, inhabiting a polluted lake in north east india.optical and scanning electron microscopy (sem) of red blood cells (rbcs) of common carp, cyprinus carpio, inhabiting a polluted lake in northeast india revealed a number of abnormalities. about 7% of the rbc showed the presence of a micronucleus, besides the presence of some bi-nucleated and abnormally shaped nuclei. rbcs, white blood cells, and hemoglobin content were found to be reduced significantly as compared to the control. sem showed the presence of spherocytes, early stages of echinocyte ...201223095447
toxicity of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles in common carp (cyprinus carpio).juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) were used as a model to investigate acute toxicity and oxidative stress caused by silver nanoparticles (ag-nps). the fish were exposed to different concentrations of ag-nps for 48 h and 96 h. after exposure, antioxidant enzyme levels were measured, including glutathione-s-transferase (gst), superoxidase dismutase, and catalase (cat). other biochemical parameters and histological abnormalities in different tissues (i.e., the liver, gills, and brain) were als ...201223093839
characterization of chicken visfatin gene: cdna cloning, tissue distribution, and promoter analysis.here we report the cloning and characterization of chicken visfatin (also called pre-b cell enhancing factor; pbef, or nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; nampt) gene. sequence analyses revealed that the coding region of visfatin is 1,482 bp in length and encodes a protein of 493 amino acids, which shares high amino acid sequence identity not only to visfatin of human (94%), rat (94%), carp (89%), and zebrafish (89%), but also to nampt of sponge (58%) and cyanobacterium (48%). the reverse tr ...201223091147
selection pressures have driven population differentiation of domesticated and wild common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).selection pressures are the principle evolutionary forces for the genetic differentiation of populations. recent changes in selection pressures on mitochondrial dna and microsatellite have been described in a wide variety of organisms. the common carp (cyprinus carpio) has experienced strong selection pressure, in particular artificial selection, during its domestication. however, the contribution and extent of artificial selection in driving genome-wide population differentiation remain unclear ...201223079816
prevalence of pansteatitis in african sharptooth catfish, clarias gariepinus (burchell), in the kruger national park, south africa.pansteatitis was confirmed in sharptooth catfish, clarias gariepinus (burchell), from three main locations within the kruger national park (knp); the olifants river gorge, engelhard dam on the letaba river and from the sabie river in the sabiepoort. an increasing prevalence of pansteatitis was observed in catfish during repeated samplings from the olifants gorge from 2009 to 2011 and co-existence of old and recent lesions indicated on-going incitement of pansteatitis. only a low prevalence of pa ...201223327137
introducing foreign genes into fish eggs with electroporated sperm as a carrier.a new method has been developed for introduction of foreign genes into fish eggs. the procedure is based on the incubation of fish sperm cells suspended in dilute citrate solution with plasmid dna, followed by application of high-field-strength electrical pulses (electroporation) to increase dna binding., uptake, or both. tissue homogenates and genomic dna extracts of free swimming fry developed from eggs fertilized with treated sperm was tested to evaluate the efficiency of gene transfer. dot b ...20121308817
methylsulfonyl polychlorinated biphenyls in fish from an electronic waste-recycling site in south china: levels, congener profiles, and chiral signatures.great concerns have been raised about the fate and effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and other organic contaminants contained in electronic waste (e-waste) exported from industrialized countries at midlatitudes to subtropical and tropical regions. information on the metabolites of these chemicals, for example, methylsulfonyl-pcbs (meso(2)-pcbs) in wildlife from the later regions is scarce. in the present study, 17 meso(2)-pcbs, including five chiral congeners, were detected in the musc ...201222927054
effects of ibuprofen on hematological, biochemical and enzymological parameters of blood in an indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala.in the present investigation, the most commonly used pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen (ib) was exposed to an indian major carp cirrhinus mrigala under static bioassay method to estimate its toxicological effects for a period of 35 days. the median lethal concentration (lc 50) of ib to the fish c. mrigala for 24h was found to be 142 ppm. in sublethal treatment (1/10th of lc 50 24h value, 14.2 ppm), a significant decrease in erythrocyte (rbc), mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (mchc) and plasma ...201222418069
acute and sublethal effects in an indian major carp cirrhinus mrigala exposed to silver nitrate: gill na+/k+-atpase, plasma electrolytes and biochemical alterations.due to prolonged use of silver in many applications, it enters into the freshwater and affects the aquatic organisms. fingerlings of cirrhinus mrigala were exposed to acute and sublethal concentrations of silver nitrate and the alterations of gill na(+)/k(+)-atpase, plasma electrolytes and biochemical parameters were assessed. the median lethal concentration of silver nitrate to the fish c. mrigala for 96 h was found to be 0.107 mg/l (with 95% confidence limits). 1/10th of lc 50 96 h value (0.01 ...201222366066
histochemical analysis of glycoproteins in the gill epithelium of an indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala.glycoproteins were analyzed by a range of histochemical methods in the epithelium of gills of cirrhinus mrigala, a valuable food fish of great economic importance cultured extensively in india. the gills consist of gill arches, gill rakers, gill filaments and secondary lamellae. major components of the epithelium of gill arches and gill rakers are epithelial cells, mucous goblet cells, rodlet cells, lymphocytes, eosinophilic granular cells and taste buds. in contrast, in the gill filament epithe ...201222177215
surface ultrastructure of the gill filaments and the secondary lamellae of the catfish, rita rita, and the carp, cirrhinus mrigala.surface ultrastructures of gill filaments and secondary lamellae of rita rita and cirrhinus mrigala, inhabiting different ecological habitat, were investigated to unravel adaptive modifications. r. rita is a sluggish, bottom dwelling carnivorous catfish, which inhabits regions of river with accumulations of dirty water. it retains its viability for long time if taken out of water. c. mrigala is an active bottom dwelling indian major carp, which lives in relatively clean water and dies shortly af ...201221956840
production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against putative t lymphocytes of catla catla.catla catla is the fastest growing indian major carp and one of the major aquaculture species in south asia. a monoclonal antibody (mab) designated b8 mab was produced against nylon wool-enriched thymus mononuclear cells of c. catla. this mab did not show reactivity with macrophage and epithelial cell lines derived from catla thymus in cellular elisa. in flow cytometric analysis of gated lymphocytes, the percentage of b8 positive (b8+) cells in thymus (n = 10, 500-600 g) was determined to be 77. ...201222832892
alteration in haematological and biochemical parameters of catla catla exposed to sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin.a 60-day experiment was carried out to study the effect of sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin (1/10th of lc(50)) exposure on haematological and biochemical parameters of the indian major carp, catla catla fingerlings. under exposure, the total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, haemoglobin content and haematocrit were decreased. all the studied serum parameters viz. total serum protein, albumin, globulin contents and albumin-globulin ratio were significantly decreased in cypermethri ...201222580924
influence of altered photoperiods on serum melatonin and its receptors (mt1 and mt2) in the brain, retina, and ovary in carp catla catla.daily variation in melatonin receptor (mt1 and mt2) density in three specific tissues-brain, retina, and ovary-and its temporal relationship with serum melatonin were evaluated for the first time in a freshwater teleost, the carp catla catla, under natural as well as altered photoperiods in different reproductive phases of the annual cycle. cosinor analysis was used to determine rhythmic features of the serum melatonin and receptors (mt1 and mt2) in different tissues. in each photoperiodic group ...201222324556
studies of ribonucleotide reductase in crucian carp-an oxygen dependent enzyme in an anoxia tolerant vertebrate.the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (rnr) catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, the precursors for dna. rnr requires a thiyl radical to activate the substrate. in rnr of eukaryotes (class ia rnr), this radical originates from a tyrosyl radical formed in reaction with oxygen (o(2)) and a ferrous di-iron center in rnr. the crucian carp (carassius carassius) is one of very few vertebrates that can tolerate several months completely without oxygen (anoxia), a trait tha ...201222916159
seasonal development and pathological changes associated with the parasitic nematode philometroides sanguineus in wild crucian carp carassius carassius (l.) in england.pathological changes associated with the parasitic nematode philometroides sanguineus (rudolphi, 1819) are described for the first time from observations of infections in wild crucian carp carassius carassius (l.) in england. the damage caused by p. sanguineus was influenced strongly by host size, parasite development and the seasonal migrations of female nematodes within host tissues. male and unfertilized female nematodes located on the swim-bladder wall caused only minor, localized changes. i ...201222824259
the complete mitochondrial genome of the crucian carp, carassius carassius (cypriniformes, cyprinidae).the complete mitochondrial genome of carassius carassius was determined to be 16,597 bp long circular molecule with a typical gene arrangement of vertebrate mitochondrial dna. its control region contains two copies of unit (ttcycaatataa) at 3' ends, which has never been reported before for carassius species. phylogenetic trees based on 12 protein-coding genes on heavy strand confirmed that the complete mtdna sequence of crucian carp was reported in this study for the first time.201222708851
[effect of temperature on proteinase activities of enteral microbiota and intestinal mucosa of fish of different ecological group].effect of temperature on proteinases activities of enteral microbiota and of intestinal mucosa was studied in five fish species (roach rutilus rutilus, crucian carp carassius carassius, common perch perca fluviatilis, pike-perch zander lucioperca, and pike esox lucius) belonging by the nutrition type to different ecological groups. essential differences of temperature characteristics of proteinases of intestinal mucosa and of enteral microbiota are revealed in fish belonging by the nutrition typ ...201222645973
infection level of monogenean gill parasite, diplozoon kashmirensis (monogenea, polyopisthocotylea) in the crucian carp, carassius carassius from lake ecosystems of an altered water quality: what factors do have an impact on the diplozoon infection?monogeneans are of great interest to the ecologists because of their simple life cycle and are considered as one of the important and sensitive parasites to any changes in water quality. the monogenean gill parasite, diplozoon kashmirensis of the carassius carassius was examined with the aim to evaluate the infection level and the factors influencing the infection. our results showed that highest prevalence (34.22%) of d. kashmirensis was in the lake having high trophic status and least prevalen ...201222608705
[hybridization of crucian carp, carassius carassius (linnaeus, 1758), in ukrainian reservoirs and genetic structure of hybrids].hybridization of crucian carps carassius carassius in polyspecific crucian populations of reservoirs of ukraine and genetic structure of the hybrids were investigated using biochemical gene marking and cytometric procedure. the fact of wide hybridization between c. auratus and c. carassius was proved to be true by large number of hybrids which can form populations consisting only from hybrid individuals. hybrids c. auratus x c. carassius were diploid, tryploid and in exceptional cases tetraploid ...201222420218
characterization of triacetyl-α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in carp and goldfish.a triacetyl form of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh) was found in carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius auratus), by selective detection of mass profile for cell secretory granules using direct tissue matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) analysis during the investigation of fish pituitaries. the structure of triacetyl-α-msh in carp and goldfish was further analyzed using a collision-induced dissociation with electrospray ...201222134180
bioaccumulation, depuration and biotransformation of 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether in crucian carp (carassius auratus).polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are extensively used as a class of flame retardants and have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants. significant biotransformation of some pbdes via reductive debromination has been observed. however, little is known about the fate of lower brominated bdes in fish. in this study, the tissue distribution, excretion, depuration and biotransformation of 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether (bde 15) were investigated in crucian carp (carassius auratus) which were exp ...201222036552
technical note: viability and motility of vitrified/thawed primordial germ cell isolated from common carp (cyprinus carpio) somite embryos.the feasibility of cryopreserving common carp (cyprinus carpio) primordial germ cells (pgc) by vitrification of whole embryos at the 22- to 28-somite stage was investigated. green fluorescent protein (gfp)-labeled pgc were cooled rapidly using liquid nitrogen after exposure to a pretreatment solution containing 1.5 m cryoprotectant (ethylene glycol or dimethyl sulfoxide, 30 or 50 min) and a vitrification solution containing 3 m cryoprotectant and 0.5 m sucrose (5, 10, 20, or 30 min). embryonic c ...201221926320
pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio.the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (ef) was investigated after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in 300 healthy allogynogenetic silver crucian carp at 24-26°c. the plasma concentrations of ef and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (cf) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. after i.v. administration, the plasma concentration-time data were described by an open two-compartment model. the elimination half-life (t(1/2β)), area un ...201221913940
effect of trichlorfon on hepatic lipid accumulation in crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio.this study evaluated the toxic effects of the organophosphate pesticide trichlorfon on hepatic lipid accumulation in crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio. seventy-five fish were divided into five groups (each group in triplicate), and then exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/l of trichlorfon and fed with commercial feed for 30 d. at the end of the experiment, plasma and hepatic lipid metabolic biochemical status were analyzed. triglyceride contents were significantly (p < 0.05) increased i ...201222897202
fasting goldfish, carassius auratus, and common carp, cyprinus carpio, use different metabolic strategies when swimming.fish need to balance their energy use between digestion and other activities, and different metabolic compromises can be pursued. we examined the effects of fasting (7 days) on metabolic strategies in goldfish and common carp at different swimming levels. fasting had no significant effect on swimming performance (u(crit)) of either species. feeding and swimming profoundly elevated total ammonia (t(amm)) excretion in both species. in fed goldfish, this resulted in increased ammonia quotients (aq) ...201222884681
organization and variation analysis of 5s rdna in different ploidy-level hybrids of red crucian carp × topmouth culter.through distant crossing, diploid, triploid and tetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var., rcc♀, cyprininae, 2n = 100) × topmouth culter (erythroculter ilishaeformis bleeker, tc♂, cultrinae, 2n = 48) were successfully produced. diploid hybrids possessed 74 chromosomes with one set from rcc and one set from tc; triploid hybrids harbored 124 chromosomes with two sets from rcc and one set from tc; tetraploid hybrids had 148 chromosomes with two sets from rcc and two sets fr ...201222720007
thyroid endocrine dysregulation and erythrocyte dna damage associated with pbde exposure in juvenile crucian carp collected from an e-waste dismantling site in zhejiang province, china.in the present study, 40 juvenile crucian carp (carassius auratus) were caught from a river close to an electronic waste (e-waste) site (exposed group) and another located 80 km away from the e-waste site (control group) in zhejiang, china. results indicated that muscle levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (median pbdes, 235.98 ng/g wet wt; range, 7.70-703.31 ng/g wet wt), serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (median tsh, 2.32 µiu/ml; range, 2.05-2.72 µiu/ml) and erythrocyte dna damag ...201222707201
subcellular localization and functional characterization of a fish irf9 from crucian carp carassius auratus.mammalian interferon (ifn) regulatory factor 9 (irf-9) has long been recognized as the dna sequence recognition subunit of ifn-stimulated gene factor 3 (isgf3) complex, which is critical for type i ifn to induce the expression of ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) against viral infection. recent studies have shown that fish ifn exerts antiviral effects by induction of a number of isgs and also of itself; however, little is known about the role of fish irf9 in ifn signaling. here we identify a fish irf9 ...201222626811
isolation of heat-tolerant myoglobin from asian swamp eel monopterus albus.myoglobin from asian swamp eel monopterus albus was purified from fish muscle using salt fractionation followed by column chromatography and molecular filtration. the purified mb of 0.68 mg/g wet weight of muscle was determined for its molecular mass by maldi-tof-ms to be 15,525.18 da. using isoelectric focusing technique, the purified mb showed two derivatives with pi of 6.40 and 7.12. six peptide fragments of this protein identified by lc-ms/ms were homologous to mbs of sea raven hemitripterus ...201222538454
metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and tetrabromobisphenol a by fish liver subcellular fractions in vitro.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) are two major flame retardants that accumulate in fish tissues and are potentially toxic. their debrominated and oxidated derivatives were also reported in fish tissues although the sources of theses derivatives were unidentified. our study was to determine whether pbdes and tbbpa could be metabolized by fish liver subcellular fractions in vitro and to identify what types of metabolites were formed. liver microsomes and s9 ...201222417763
heavy metal (cd, cr, cu, hg, pb, zn) concentrations in seven fish species in relation to fish size and location along the yangtze river.the objective of this paper is to assess the regulation of the accumulation of heavy metals in the aquatic environment and different fish species.201222382698
erythrocyte damage of crucian carp (carassius auratus) caused by microcystin-lr: in vitro study.fish suffer from anemia and hypovolemic hypotensive shock after in vivo exposure with microcystins.however, except for in vivo causes for anemia and hypotension, an in vitro study of fish erythrocytes exposed to mc is necessary. for a better understanding of hematology toxicity of mc, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the toxic effects of microcystin on fish erythrocytes in vitro. crucian carp erythrocytes were incubated in vitro with microcystin-lr (mc-lr) at doses of 0, 1, 1 ...201222286870
biological effects and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in high-back crucian carp exposed to wastewater treatment plant effluents.endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) found in wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) effluents have been shown to cause adverse effects, but the uptake of edcs from effluents (measured in fish muscle) are not known. in this study, the biological effects and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic edcs were assessed in high-back crucian carp (carassius auratus) exposed to wwtp effluents for 141 days. compared with fish controls caged in dianchi lake, a significant reduction in gonadosomatic index ( ...201222243881
the effects of dissolved oxygen levels on the metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in cyprinid fishes with different locomotive and digestive performances.to test whether the effects of water oxygen concentration ([o(2)]) on the metabolic interaction between locomotion and digestion differ between fish species with different locomotive and digestive behaviours in normoxia, we investigated the swimming performance of fasted and fed fish at water [o(2)] of 1, 2 and 8 (normoxia) mg l(-1) (2.5, 5 and 20 kpa) at 25°c in three juvenile cyprinidae fish species: goldfish (carassius auratus), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and qingbo (spinibarbus sinensis). ...201222234476
pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of hydrochloric acid albendazole sulfoxide and its metabolites in crucian carp (carassius auratus) after oral administration.the pharmacokinetics and residues elimination of hydrochloric acid albendazole sulfoxide (abzso) and its metabolites were studied in healthy crucian carp (carassius auratus, 250 ± 30 g) kept at water temperatures of 10 °c and 25 °c. the concentrations of abzso and its metabolites concentration in plasma and tissues were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) using an ultraviolet detector. the results revealed that the plasma concentration of abzso in plasma was significan ...201222227164
formation of biogenic amines in crucian carp (carassius auratus) during storage in ice and at 4°c.the formation of eight biogenic amines (bas), total volatile base nitrogen (tvb-n), aerobic plate counts (apc), and sensory evaluation in crucian carp (carassius auratus) during storage in ice and at 4°c were investigated. the sum of contents of all eight biogenic amines (sba) in crucian carp increased from 49.82 to 197.09 mg/kg on day 36 when stored in ice and from 49.82 to 219.35 mg/kg on day 24 when stored at 4°c. tvb-n content increased with storage time; good relationships between tvb-n con ...201223212022
metal accumulation in fish from different zones of a large, shallow freshwater lake.metal (cd, pb, cr, ni, mn, cu, and zn) concentrations in different fish species sampled from two distinct (phytoplankton- and macrophyte-dominated) lake zones of a large, shallow freshwater lake, taihu lake, were investigated. concentrations of most metals in muscle of the small-sized fish (protosalanx hyalocranius, pseudorasbora parva, and rhodeus ocellatus) were always significantly higher than those of the large-sized (carassius auratus, cyprinus carpio, and aristichthys nobilis) and carnivor ...201223009814
structural and oxidative changes in the kidney of crucian carp induced by silicon-based quantum dots.silicon-based quantum dots were intraperitoneally injected in carassius auratus gibelio specimens and, over one week, the effects on renal tissue were investigated by following their distribution and histological effects, as well as antioxidative system modifications. after three and seven days, detached epithelial cells from the basal lamina, dilated tubules and debris in the lumen of tubules were observed. at day 7, nephrogenesis was noticed. the reduced glutathione (gsh) concentration decreas ...201222949855
comparative study on effects of dietary with diphenyl diselenide on oxidative stress in carp (cyprinus carpio) and silver catfish (rhamdia sp.) exposed to herbicide clomazone.the study investigated the capacity of diphenyl diselenide [(phse)2] (3.0mg/kg), on reduce the oxidative damage in liver, gills and muscle of carp and silver catfish exposed to clomazone (192h). silver catfish exposed to clomazone showed increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (tbars) in liver and muscle and protein carbonyl in liver and gills. furthermore, clomazone in silver catfish decrease non-protein thiols (npsh) in liver and gills and glutathione peroxidase and ascorbic acid in l ...201323892285
close association between paralogous multiple isomirs and paralogous/orthologues mirna sequences implicates dominant sequence selection across various animal species.micrornas (mirnas) are crucial negative regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. next-generation sequencing technologies have identified a series of mirna variants (named isomirs). in this study, paralogous isomir assemblies (from the mirna locus) were systematically analyzed based on data acquired from deep sequencing data sets. evolutionary analysis of paralogous (members in mirna gene family in a specific species) and orthologues (across different animal species) mirna ...201323856130
[carbon dioxide fixation in aquatic animals and its metabolic significance].in experiments on the carp cyprinus carpio and freshwater lamellibranch mollusc anodonta cygnea, tissue and organ peculiarities of carboxylic reactions have been revealed together with their relationship to the temperatute and ionic composition of the incubation medium. it was shown that in fish the highest intensity of fixation of co2 is exhibited by glandular organs with biosynthetic profile of the metabolism (liver), whereas in molluscs it is exhibited in the mantle which plays the key role i ...20131020552
catalasic activity in fish liver: improvement of the uv to visible analytic method.antioxidative defenses and more especially catalasic activity (cat) are studied in a large range of scientific research thematics. in environmental sciences, the problematic of oxidative stress is of great interest as pollutants can induce perturbations of redox homeostasis. consequently, changes in antioxidative defenses levels in fish tissues and particularly in liver are used as potential biomarkers of pollution. in most studies, the cat was assayed by following during 5 min the consumption o ...201323224832
different computer-assisted sperm analysis (casa) systems highly influence sperm motility parameters.in this study, we examined different computer-assisted sperm analysis (casa) systems (crismas, hobson sperm tracker, and image j casa) on the exact same video recordings to evaluate the differences in sperm motility parameters related to the specific casa used. to cover a wide range of sperm motility parameters, we chose 12-second video recordings at 25 and 50 hz frame rates after sperm motility activation using three taxonomically distinct fish species (sterlet: acipenser ruthenus l.; common ca ...201323932168
feeding great lakes fish to mink: effects on mink and accumulation and elimination of pcbs by mink.the effects of feeding great lakes fish or fish products (carp, sucker, perch scraps, whitefish racks, and alewife fishmeal) to mink were studied. growth and furring of mink were normal for all species of fish tested. however, mink fed carp failed to reproduce, and the reproductive performance and/or kit survival in groups fed the perch, whitefish, and sucker were inferior to the control. only the alewife fishmeal diet supported reproduction and kit survival comparable to the control. pcb residu ...20136413698
development and characterization of cell line from the gill tissue of catla catla (hamilton, 1822) for toxicological studies.catla gill cell line (icg) was established from gill tissue of indian major carp (catla catla), a freshwater fish cultivated in india. the cell line was maintained in leibovitz's l-15 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. these cells have been sub-cultured more than 55 passages over a period of 2 years. the icg cell line consists predominantly of epithelial-like cells. the cells were able to grow at a wide range of temperatures from 24°c to 32°c with an optimum temperature of 28°c. the growt ...201323237299
establishment and characterization of permanent cell line from gill tissue of labeo rohita (hamilton) and its application in gene expression and toxicology.rohu gill cell line (lrg) was established from gill tissue of indian major carp (labeo rohita), a freshwater fish cultivated in india. the cell line was maintained in leibovitz's l-15 supplemented with 10 % foetal bovine serum (fbs). this cell line has been sub-cultured more than 85 passages over a period of 2 years. the lrg cell line consists of both epithelial and fibroblastic-like cells. the cells were able to grow at a wide range of temperatures from 22 to 32 °c, the optimum temperature bein ...201323224722
involvement of pi3 kinase and map kinase in igf-i and insulin-induced ovarian steroidogenesis in common carp cyprinus carpio.previously, we observed that in vitro steroidogenesis in intact ovarian follicles of common carp cyprinus carpio can alone be induced by recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (igf-i) and bovine insulin (b-insulin) and this induction was gonadotropin-independent. to investigate early signal transduction components involved in this process, the possible role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3 kinase) during ovarian steroidogenesis was examined. igf-i and b-insulin induced testosterone an ...201323073341
three actinosporean types (myxozoa) from the oligochaete branchiura sowerbyi in china.three actinosporean types--raabeia, aurantiactinomyxon, and guyenotia--from the oligochaete branchiura sowerbyi beddard collected from a crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) pond are described in this report. compared with the actinospores described previously, the raabeia type presents similar spore shape with the actinospore of myxobolus cultus, except a much longer caudal process, 250.8 μm (217.5-276.3). the aurantiactinomyxon and guyenotia type significantly differ from other actinospore ...201323377120
pouchitis: what every gastroenterologist needs to know.pouchitis is the most common complication among patients with ulcerative colitis who have undergone restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. pouchitis is actually a spectrum of diseases that vary in etiology, pathogenesis, phenotype, and clinical course. although initial acute episodes typically respond to antibiotic therapy, patients can become dependent on antibiotics or develop refractory disease. many factors contribute to the course of refractory pouchitis, such as the ...201323602818
functional analysis of domain of unknown function (duf) 1943, duf1944 and von willebrand factor type d domain (vwd) in vitellogenin2 in zebrafish.vitellogenin (vg), the precursor of egg-yolk proteins in all oviparous organisms, shares a similar domain structure combination. in most cases, vg contains the vitellogenin_n domain, the domain of unknown function (duf) 1943, and the von willebrand factor type d domain (vwd), which are present in different forms of vg from both vertebrates and invertebrates. occasionally, a duf1944 domain is also present in between duf1943 and vwd in some vg proteins of vertebrates. recent studies have shown tha ...201323867754
inactivation of koi-herpesvirus in water using bacteria isolated from carp intestines and carp habitats.since its first outbreak in japan in 2003, koi-herpesvirus (khv) remains a challenge to the carp cyprinus carpio l. breeding industry. in this study, inactivation of khv in water from carp habitats (carp habitat water) was investigated with the aim of developing a model for rapidly inactivating the pathogen in aquaculture effluent. experiments with live fish showed that, in carp habitat water, khv lost its infectivity within 3 days. indications were that inactivation of khv was caused by the ant ...201324102339
cyprinid herpesvirus 3: an interesting virus for applied and fundamental research.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3), a member of the family alloherpesviridae is the causative agent of a lethal, highly contagious and notifiable disease in common and koi carp. the economic importance of common and koi carp industries together with the rapid spread of cyhv-3 worldwide, explain why this virus became soon after its isolation in the 1990s a subject of applied research. in addition to its economic importance, an increasing number of fundamental studies demonstrated that cyhv-3 is an o ...201324073814
a model to approximate lake temperature from gridded daily air temperature records and its application in risk assessment for the establishment of fish diseases in the uk.ambient water temperature is a key factor controlling the distribution and impact of disease in fish populations, and optimum temperature ranges have been characterised for the establishment of a number important aquatic diseases exotic to the uk. this study presents a simple regression method to approximate daily average surface water temperature in lakes of 0.5-15 ha in size across the uk using 5 km(2) gridded daily average air temperatures provided by the uk meteorological office. a geographi ...201322862828
adaptive immune response to edwardsiella tarda infection in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.edwardsiella tarda is an intracellular pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in fish. although cell-mediated immunity and innate immunity play a major role in protection against intracellular bacterial infection in mammals, their importance in protecting fish against e. tarda infection remain unclear. in this study, we examined cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) after e. tarda infection. innate immunity was observed to be the princip ...201323489657
direct antibacterial activity of cd8+/cd4+ t-cells in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.cytotoxic t cells (ctls) constitute an important component of the specific effector mechanism in killing against microbial-infected or transformed cells. in addition to these activities, recent studies in mammals have suggested that ctls can exhibit direct antimicrobial activity. therefore, the present investigation was conducted to find out the microbicidal activity of cd8α(+) t cells of ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. the cd8α(+) t cells from immunised ginbuna exhibited th ...201323089524
sensitivity of common carp, cyprinus carpio l., strains and crossbreeds reared in the czech republic to infection by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3; khv). 201323009156
detection of novel strains of cyprinid herpesvirus closely related to koi herpesvirus.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) or koi herpesvirus (khv) is a devastating virus of carp. using generic primers for the dna polymerase and the major capsid protein genes of cyprinid herpesviruses, nucleotide sequences divergent from previously described cyhv-3 were obtained. at least 3 novel groups of putative cyhv-3-like viruses were identified, sharing 95 to 98% nucleotide identity with cyhv-3 strains. carp carrying the cyhv-3 variants did not show clinical signs consistent with cyhv-3 infectio ...201324334353
laboratory validation of a lateral flow device for the detection of cyhv-3 antigens in gill swabs.cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) induces the highly contagious koi herpesvirus disease (khvd) and may result in significant economic losses to the ornamental and food-producing carp industry. suspicion of khvd is triggered by clinical signs and confirmed using laboratory techniques. the latter are labour- and time-consuming, require specialised equipment and trained personnel. for rapid, on-site detection of cyhv-3, a lateral flow device (lfd) was developed using two monoclonal antibodies directe ...201323896022
the primary culture of mirror carp snout and caudal fin tissues and the isolation of koi herpesvirus.the explosive koi herpesvirus (khv) epidemic has caused the deaths of a large number of carp and carp variants and has produced serious economic losses. the mirror carp (cyprinus carpio var. specularis) exhibits strong environmental adaptability and its primary cells can be used to isolate khv. this study utilized the tissue explant method to systematically investigate primary cell culture conditions for mirror carp snout and caudal fin tissues. we demonstrated that cells from these two tissue t ...201323893087
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