Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| survival and progression of hiv disease in women attending gum/hiv clinics in britain and ireland. study group for the mrc collaborative study of hiv infection in women. | to describe the pattern of clinical disease in women with hiv infection and to examine the effect of potential cofactors, including oral contraceptive use, alcohol and smoking, ethnic group, and route of hiv transmission, on progression to aids and death. | 1999 | 10615311 |
| efficacy of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim administration in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue disease. | the efficacy and adverse effects of prophylactic administration of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (st) for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were assessed in patients with connective tissue diseases (ctd). eighty-four patients who were receiving more than 40 mg/day of prednisolone were entried in the present study. patients with at least one of the two pcp risk factors (interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and lymphopenia), were administered either one (11 patients) or two (26 patients) st tablets/ ... | 1999 | 10624092 |
| [the cause of infection as the main or additional cause of death in patients treated for small cell lung cancer]. | in 116 out of 845 patients treated for small cell lung cancer (sclc) in the institute of tuberculosis and chest disease in warsaw in the years 1980-1994 infection was the main or coexistent cause of death. in 4.1% infection was proved of bacterial origin and in further 6.5% of probable bacterial origin (in the later group cultures were negative or not done but fungal infection, pneumocystosis pneumonia and tuberculosis were excluded on autopsy). in 1.54% infection was of fungal origin, 1.2% pati ... | 1999 | 10647287 |
| diagnosis of pulmonary embolus by spiral ct: a case study. | a thirty-eight-year old immunosuppressed woman presented with respiratory distress and was diagnosed with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. pulmonary embolism was also suspected on clinical grounds. a ventilation-perfusion scan was indeterminate. contrast-enhanced spiral computed tomography of the chest confirmed the presence of a central pulmonary embolus and helped to avoid pulmonary angiography in this critically ill patient. | 1999 | 10650776 |
| recurrent pneumocystis carinii colonization in a heart-lung transplant recipient on long-term trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis. | in the setting of organ transplantation, prior to prophylaxis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) had been a common clinical problem, particularly in heart-lung and lung recipients who receive long-term immunosuppressive therapy to prevent allograft rejection. continuous oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) has been highly effective in preventing pcp in these patients. | 1999 | 10226906 |
| the changing face of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. | the classic presentation of pcp is a bilateral interstitial pattern, which may be characterized as finely granular, reticular, or ground-glass opacities. when chest radiographic findings are normal or equivocal, high-resolution ct may be helpful because it is more sensitive than chest radiography for detecting pcp. the typical ct finding is extensive ground-glass attenuation. the face of pcp is changing. the classic radiographic presentation is being encountered less frequently. increasingly rec ... | 1999 | 10227507 |
| enteroviral meningoencephalitis as a complication of x-linked hyper igm syndrome. | we describe 5 children from 2 families with mutations in the cd40 ligand (cd40l) gene leading to absent expression of cd40l on activated cd4 cells. all subjects presented with interstitial pneumonia with low serum igg and normal serum igm. one child had normal and one child had elevated serum iga. four had confirmed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in spite of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment yielding therapeutic serum immunoglobulin levels, 3 children had enteroviral encephalitis. when asses ... | 1999 | 10228294 |
| detection of rat pneumocystis carinii proteinases and elastase and antipneumocystis activity of proteinase inhibitors in vitro. | proteinases play an important role in survival of microorganisms and in pathogenicity of diseases. by using a modified sds-gelatin-polyacrylamide gel system, proteinases of rat-p.carinii were detected as bands of proteolytic digestion after electrophoresis. p.carinii organisms obtained from dexamethasone immunosuppressed transtracheally infected rats were cultured in spinner flask suspension cultures to minimize host cell contamination. at ph 8.3, seven pc-specific proteolytic bands were detecte ... | 1999 | 10229932 |
| radionuclide imaging of nonosseous infection. | nuclear medicine is an important tool in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with a variety of nonosseous infections. in the immunocompetent population labeled leukocyte imaging is the radionuclide procedure of choice, with gallium imaging reserved for those situations in which the leukocyte study is nondiagnostic or cannot be performed. fever of unknown origin is caused by infection in less than one-third of cases, and therefore the number of positive leukocyte studies will be relatively low. ... | 1999 | 10230281 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a child receiving acth for infantile spasms. | 1999 | 10230930 | |
| pulmonary infiltrates in liver transplant recipients in the intensive care unit. | a frequent dilemma is discerning the likelihood of pneumonia and the need for empiric antibiotic therapy in liver transplant recipients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit (icu). | 1999 | 10232564 |
| persistent high bal fluid granulocyte activation marker levels as early indicators of bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplant. | the major cause of mortality in the long-term in lung transplant recipients is chronic rejection. this is a fibroproliferative process in the small airways leading to obliterative bronchiolitis and progressive loss of lung function, both constituting the clinical entity bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (bos). granulocyte activation has been implicated as one factor behind bos. granulocyte markers in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid were prospectively and longitudinally studied in order to ide ... | 1999 | 10596701 |
| occurrence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-1-infected patients responding to haart: is prophylaxis discontinuation a safe tool? | 1999 | 10597798 | |
| the spectrum of aids-defining diseases: temporal trends in italy prior to the use of highly active anti-retroviral therapies, 1982-1996. | to evaluate time trends of the spectrum of aids-defining diseases in italy, 1982-1996. | 1999 | 10597999 |
| the impact of competing subsistence needs and barriers on access to medical care for persons with human immunodeficiency virus receiving care in the united states. | to examine whether competing subsistence needs and other barriers are associated with poorer access to medical care among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), using self-reported data. | 1999 | 10599608 |
| thermodynamics of rna-rna duplexes with 2- or 4-thiouridines: implications for antisense design and targeting a group i intron. | antisense compounds are designed to optimize selective hybridization of an exogenous oligonucleotide to a cellular target. typically, watson-crick base pairing between the antisense compound and target provides the key recognition element. uridine (u), however, not only stably base pairs with adenosine (a) but also with guanosine (g), thus reducing specificity. studies of duplex formation by oligonucleotides with either an internal or a terminal 2- or 4-thiouridine (s(2)u or s(4)u) show that s(2 ... | 1999 | 10600128 |
| clinical and laboratory findings of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection (dmac) in a pair matched case-control study. | a pair matched case/control study was conducted from january 1991 to 30 june 1992 in order to define clinical and laboratory findings associated with dmac infection in aids patients. since dmac infection is usually associated with advanced immunodeficiency, and therefore also with other opportunistic illnesses, in addition to the number of cd4+ lymphocytes, cases and controls were matched using the following criteria: date of aids diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy, number and severity of asso ... | 1999 | 10602540 |
| prevention of infectious complications in rheumatic disease patients: immunization, pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis, and screening for latent infections. | most rheumatology textbooks lack adequate recommendations for specific immunization of patients with rheumatic diseases, especially those treated with immunosuppressive medications. the authors wish to alert clinicians to issues pertinent to immunization of immunosuppressed rheumatology patients. by elucidating deficiencies in the current literature, the authors hope to identify future directions for clinical investigation and to increase the rates of effective immunization against vaccine preve ... | 1999 | 10328575 |
| atovaquone compared with dapsone to prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10328722 | |
| therapeutic failure of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to report a case of failure of treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) in a patient with hiv infection, despite an adequate serum smx concentration. | 1999 | 10332530 |
| withdrawal of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis after combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with aids. | 1999 | 10335736 | |
| is age a negative prognostic indicator in hiv infection or aids? | to better understand disease progression in older persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), we studied patients aged 50 years and older hospitalized with a diagnosis of hiv infection or aids between january 1985 and october 1995. data collected included demographics, opportunistic infections, comorbid disease, neurologic dysfunction, and antiretroviral therapy. a total of 86 patients with a mean age of 54.3 years was identified. pneumo ... | 1999 | 10337440 |
| cavitary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10338248 | |
| fatal case due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus small colony variants in an aids patient. | we describe the first known case of a fatal infection with small colony variants of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a patient with aids. recovered from three blood cultures as well as from a deep hip abscess, these variants may have resulted from long-term antimicrobial therapy with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10341185 |
| [bronchiectasia in hiv-positive patients]. | between july 1995 and july 1997 we diagnosed bronchiectasis confirmed by ct scan chest in 25 (18 men and 7 women) out of 295 hospitalised patients with hiv infection who suffered from lower respiratory infection. median age at time of diagnosis of bronchiectasis was 32 years old. the patients were mostly intravenous drug addicts. in all cases a previous pulmonary infection was revealed (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia) with impairment of immune status (cd4 media ... | 1999 | 10349123 |
| tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients. | tuberculosis (tb) has been described in kidney transplant recipients as an infection with predominantly pulmonary involvement. we report the impact of tb in kidney transplantation. clinical records of adult kidney recipients, transplanted between 1 january 1986 and 31 december 1995 were analyzed for sex, age, graft origin, immunosuppressive therapy, tb sites, diagnostic methods and concomitant infections. annual incidence, mean time of onset, relation to rejection treatment, tuberculin skin test ... | 1999 | 11428977 |
| [study on inflammatory response and alteration of biochemical components in balf from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | to study the cellular and biochemical changes in airways in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1999 | 11776769 |
| pneumocystosis associated with canine distemper virus infection in a mink. | an adult mink from a farm experiencing 100% mortality in affected animals was submitted for diagnostic examination. clinical history included signs of respiratory disease, oculonasal discharge, and thickening of footpads. canine distemper virus and pneumocystis carinii were identified in lung tissue, suggesting immunosuppresion and secondary infection due to morbillivirus disease. | 1999 | 12001338 |
| surveillance for aids-defining opportunistic illnesses, 1992-1997. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-defining opportunistic illnesses (ois) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). as a result of new treatments that reduce mortality for persons with aids, the number of persons living with aids is increasing, and the incidence of aids is decreasing. in 1997, an estimated 271,245 persons were living with aids in the united states and thus were at high risk for ois. in 1997, an estimated ... | 1999 | 12412613 |
| structural changes in rat pneumocystis carinii surface antigens after terbinafine administration in experimental p. carinii pneumonia. | terbinafine is a synthetic antifungal agent which has recently been found to be highly effective against pneumocystis carinii. this study evaluated the efficacy of terbinafine on rat p. carinii antigenic profile and the immune response by western blot analysis, in comparison with atovaquone and co-trimoxazole in rats with pneumocystosis. terbinafine was shown to target two specific major antigens, particularly those of 116 and 35-40 kda. antibodies reactive against these moieties were found in a ... | 1999 | 11252340 |
| synthesis and anti-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia activity of novel dicationic dibenzothiophenes and orally active prodrugs. | dicationic carbazoles have been found to be highly active against a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). unfortunately, amidoxime derivatives, designed as prodrugs, were inactive against pcp even though the corresponding amidines were highly active. in the present work, a series of 2,8- and 3,7-bis cationic dibenzothiophenes was synthesized and assayed for anti-pcp activity. three of the compounds proved to be more potent and less toxic than a standard anti-pcp drug (pentamidine) w ... | 1999 | 11278043 |
| changing spectrum of hiv infection and its associated conditions in spain: the end of the beginning? | to evaluate the natural history and the impact that different strategies have had on hiv infection and its associated conditions, a cohort of 970 patients (432 had aids) who had been seen over a period of 13 years were studied. the incidence of new hiv-infected patients had increased steadily since 1985, peaking in 1993 (52.9 cases/100,000 population), to significantly decrease in the subsequent years. the most common aids-defining illnesses (adis) were tuberculosis (52.3% of the patients), pneu ... | 1999 | 10842855 |
| determinants of hiv-related survival among texas prison inmates. | research indicates that being incarcerated adversely affects disease progression and overall health status. because hiv infection is a growing problem among prison populations in the united states, understanding how incarceration affects hiv-related survival patterns is critical. the present study examined determinants of hiv-related survival in a cohort of 2380 texas department of criminal justice (tdcj) inmates who were treated for hiv/aids, dating from january 1, 1992 and june 31, 1997. asses ... | 1999 | 10842856 |
| journal club. hiv-associated bacterial pneumonia. | bacterial pneumonia is the most common cause of death from pneumonia in patients with hiv disease, causing greater mortality than pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the challenge for the clinician evaluating the hiv-infected patient with pneumonia is to quickly distinguish clinically among all possible causes and to initiate therapy based on the most likely diagnosis. while an understanding of typical clinical and radiographic presentations is essential, bronchoscopy is the preferred test for relia ... | 1999 | 11082736 |
| pneumocystis carnii pneumonia in aids--an autopsy report. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), the most common presenting manifestation in patients with aids from western countries, holds the distinction for being the first opportunistic infection that was associated with aids. there is marked paucity of clinically diagnosed and pathologically confirmed cases of pcp in india. this case represents the first complete autopsy report of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia inpatient with aids from our country. a high index of clinical suspicion and microscopic ... | 1999 | 10862304 |
| temporal trends in aids-related survival. | although research indicates that aids-related survival has improved over calendar time, studies of temporal aids-related survival patterns are often confounded by the stage of aids diagnosis. the objective of the present study was therefore to assess temporal trends in aids-related survival from clinical indicators other than point of aids diagnosis. the study sample consisted of 2126 adult hiv-positive patients who were treated between 1987 and 1996 at a large southwestern academic medical cent ... | 1999 | 11362081 |
| study finds nac fails to prevent bactrim/septra hypersensitivity. | bactrim/septra is a drug used for treating and preventing pcp (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) and toxoplasmosis. however, people with hiv are more likely to develop hypersensitivity reactions to bactrim/septra. nac (n-acetyl-cysteine) is being studied to determine if its detoxifying properties could reduce the risk of hypersensitivity to bactrim/septra. however, a canadian study found no statistically significant difference in the rates of hypersensitivity among the nearly 200 subjects. | 1999 | 11366023 |
| opportunistic infections: down but not out. | while the 6th conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections focused heavily on hiv therapies and their complications, issues related to opportunistic infections (ois) continued to draw attention. the dramatic reduction in ois in the haart era and evidence supporting the discontinuation of oi prophylaxis were discussed. studies related to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), mac and tb, cmv, and kaposi's sarcoma (ks) were presented. ois continue to be a major area of concern in develop ... | 1999 | 11366247 |
| raising the stakes at retro '99 or amplified diversity. | the 6th conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections raised serious concerns about the development of multidrug-resistant strains of hiv. there are press reports of hiv-positive men increasingly engaging in unprotected anal sex and who are seeking thrills by engaging in high risk behavior. this behavior may be attributed to the view that acquiring the virus no longer seems like a death sentence. data from studies of hiv-positive people demonstrate how the disease spreads within a popu ... | 1999 | 11366257 |
| protect yourself from pneumocystis carinii. | the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) has determined that hiv-infected people are more likely to become infected first with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) than any other opportunistic infection. about 53 percent of people who died of aids between 1992 and 1997 had pcp. the symptoms of the disease are fever, cough, and breathing problems. pcp is thought to be spread through the air - and not through sexual transmission - so it is difficult to prevent exposure. there is no vac ... | 1999 | 11366414 |
| preaching what we practice: new guidelines for oi prophylaxis. | the recently revised guidelines for opportunistic infections (oi) prophylaxis from the u.s. public health service/infectious diseases society (usphs/idsa) have caught up with the practices of experienced providers and patients. statistics show a sharp decrease in aids-related ois and mortality. observational data on withdrawal of prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) are presented, and the new guidelines address primary and secondary pcp prophylaxis. changes in prophylaxis for oth ... | 1999 | 11366709 |
| opportunistic infections update. | the incidence of opportunistic infections (ois) has been steadily decreasing due, in part, to the use of effective combination therapy with a protease inhibitor. recently, however, an increase in ois has been noted, suggesting that some people have depleted much or all of the available therapies and can no longer keep their cd4+ counts high enough to fight off infections. this demonstrates the need to initiate or re-initiate preventative medications for ois. treatment of mycobacterium avium comp ... | 1999 | 11366735 |
| children's care. | eight guidelines are detailed for providing care for children with hiv. they are (1) use of t-cell count as a guideline for therapy, (2) vaccination requirements, (3) the use of emla cream or adhesive discs to numb the skin enough to avoid needlestick pain, (4) the issue of possible drug resistance to azt in children whose mothers took the drug, (5) adherence problems specific to pediatric hiv treatment and how to address them, (6) discussions on side effects with children, (7) cdc guidelines fo ... | 1999 | 11366808 |
| stopping preventive treatments. | although combination therapy with haart (highly active antiretroviral therapy) can increase cd4 (t-cell) counts, doctors have been cautious about stopping preventive treatments, or prophylaxis, for pcp (pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis). two studies, however, suggest that if haart increases t-cell counts to over 200 for an extended time period, pcp prophylaxis may be safely stopped. partly as a result of these study findings, the united states public health service has rewritten guidelines on th ... | 1999 | 11367080 |
| smoking: it doesn't make living with hiv any easier. | smoking is a well-recognized risk to health, particularly for people with hiv. hiv-positive smokers are more likely to develop pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), thrush, and oral hairy leukoplakia. the bacteria that causes mycobacterium avium complex (mac), a life-threatening infection found in many people with hiv, has been found in tobacco products and can survive the smoking process. suggestions to help people with hiv quit smoking include choosing the right approach, using smoking cessati ... | 1999 | 11367324 |
| foregoing prophylaxis: better safe than sorry? | the widespread use of highly active antiretrroviral therapy (haart) has coincided with a dramatic decline in the incidence of opportunistic infections. this effect has lead some people to question whether they should continue taking prophylaxis medications against diseases such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac). research on this topic presented at the 39th interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy (icaac) is described. | 1999 | 11367330 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in non-aids patients. | infection with the opportunist fungus pneumocystis carinii remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in non-hiv-infected individuals immunosuppressed by a wide range of malignancies, transplantation and inflammatory conditions. glucocorticoid use appears to be an independent risk factor for the development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. transmission from infected to susceptible patients may occur, albeit infrequently. a diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia may be achieved ... | 1999 | 17035802 |
| [the molecular diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii in the light of a new biological and epidemiological data]. | a new data from investigations on pneumocystis carinii were presented as well as an application of molecular techniques to the diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 16886385 |
| non.invasive ventilation for adult acute respiratory failure. part ii. | to discuss the clinical indications and complications of non-invasive ventilation. | 1999 | 16603004 |
| fever or unknown origin in hiv/aids patients. | fevers of unknown origin (fuo) in hiv/aids patients are due to the same infectious causes that are common in this subset of compromised hosts but manifest clinically as prolonged fevers. in north america, the most common etiologies of fuo in hiv/aids are due to intracellular pathogens, i.e., disseminated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), fungi or cytomegalovirus. worldwide, leishmaniasis and mycobacterium tuberculosis are the most important. infections pre ... | 1999 | 12973389 |
| [immune response in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats]. | to study the inflammatory immune response to pneumocystis canii pneumonia(pcp) in rats induced by glucocorticoid(gc). | 2000 | 12567474 |
| the role of cd8+ t cells in the pathogenesis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in mice depleted of cd4+ t cells. | to define the cell populations contributing to inflammation-associated respiratory impairment in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 2000 | 12567660 |
| [pathological charges induced by the growth of pneumocystis carinii in rat lungs]. | 2000 | 12567674 | |
| antibiotic side effects. | there is recent enhanced interest in the potential of medication to produce serious toxicity, and the television media have focused on the serious side effects and drug-drug interactions caused by antibiotics. in fact, a recent hospital study noted that drug-related toxicity was one of the most common causes of death for hospitalized patients. antibiotic-induced adverse events contribute to host injury diagnostic confusion and excessive medical costs. in addition, however, a "spin-off'' of antib ... | 2000 | 16088718 |
| [mycoses in domestic animals]. | in the present paper we will present a general view of the main mycoses affecting domestic animals. in the dog, we show the importance of the dermatophytoses, increased by its zoonosic character and the problem of the false negatives in the traditional microbiological culture. under the general term of systemic mycoses we include a series of conditions considered usually as aspergillosis, bat with more and more fungal species implicated as possible etiological agents. in addition, fungi, especia ... | 2000 | 15762776 |
| human, monoclonal and recombinant candidacidal, pneumocysticidal and mycobactericidal antibodies. | antiidiotypic antibodies (antiids) representing the internal image of some antigenic deteminants have been proposed as surrogate vaccines or, conjugated with toxins, in the immunotherapy of cancer. experimental studies on antiidiotypic vaccination against fungal infections have been lacking. a conceptually new model of idiotypic vaccination against fungal infection has been recently developed. the vaccine used is monoclonal antibody that in vitro neutralizes the activity of killer toxin from the ... | 2000 | 15597672 |
| the spectrum of respiratory mycoses in a referral hospital in north-western india. | there has been an increasing recognition of respiratory mycoses in this country in the recent past. candidiasis, aspergillosis and cryptococcosis have been reported from different centres. occasional cases of histoplasmosis and sporotrichosis have also been reported. infections with pneumocystis carinii, which is now classified as a fungus, are being frequently diagnosed, especially in the immuno-compromised patients such as those on prolonged immunosuppressive therapy or with hiv infection. alt ... | 2000 | 15597676 |
| emerging importance of pneumocystis carinii among indian immunosuppressed patients. | pneumocystis carinii is known to cause both significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed individuals. in a six and a half year period starting with 1992, a total of 204 samples including bronchial aspirates, induced sputum and suction catheter tips were examined for p. carinii by direct microscopic examination of giemsa's and toluidine 'o' stained smears. at a later stage of the investigation, immunofluorescent staining using monoclonal reagent (meriflour, usa) was also used for exami ... | 2000 | 15597681 |
| atovaquone resistance in malaria parasites. | atovaquone is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent active against malaria, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, toxoplasmosis and babesiosis. when used as a single agent, resistance to atovaquone arose rapidly in falciparum malaria, requiring the development of a new antimalarial drug combination of atovaquone and proguanil. recent laboratory investigations have provided insights into the mode of atovaquone action, and identified the molecular basis for the resistance development. mutations within a ... | 2000 | 11498396 |
| respiratory emergencies. | respiratory emergencies may originate from disease in the airways, thoracic vessels, and pulmonary parenchyma. airway obstruction may be amenable to bronchoscopic therapies, including laser ablation photodynamic therapy (pdt) and stent placement. asthma is common, but may be mimicked by endobronchial metastasis. superior vena cava syndrome (svcs) is seen most commonly with bronchogenic carcinoma and lymphoma. emergent treatment need not precede tissue diagnosis in the absence of associated trach ... | 2000 | 10864215 |
| pulmonary disease in liver transplant recipients. spectrum of ct features. | to determine the features of pulmonary disease in liver transplant recipients by ct. | 2000 | 10866077 |
| [cytomegalovirus disease in immunocompromised patients]. | human cytomegalovirus are a ubiquitous herpesvirus establishing virus-infections which are usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals. in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and immunocompromised hosts, the virus causes primary, latent or chronic persistent infection. primary cmv infection is very severe in immunocompromised patients as well as among healthy population. among patients with aids cytomegalovirus (cmv) is usually isolated from patients specimen in assoc ... | 2000 | 10872268 |
| a phase i and ii study of pentostatin (nipent) with cyclophosphamide for previously treated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | purine analogs and alkylating agents are the most active drugs in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll). although fludarabine is the most widely tested purine analog in cll, myelosuppression has limited its use in combination chemotherapy regimens. because pentostatin (nipent; supergen, san ramon, ca), a related purine analog with proven activity in cll, has less myelosuppression, we postulated that it would prove advantageous and could be more readily combined with a ... | 2000 | 10877051 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an immunocompetent infant with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. | the case of a term infant with congenital cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection who developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) at 4 months of age is reported. our patient suffered from severe malnutrition and zinc deficiency secondary to necrotizing enterocolitis since the age of 2 months. there was no evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection. qualitative and quantitative in vitro leukocyte functions were also normal. this case highlights the fact that pcp can occur in apparently immunoc ... | 2000 | 10879648 |
| immunorestitution disease involving the innate and adaptive response. | immunorestitution disease (ird) is defined as an acute symptomatic or paradoxical deterioration of a (presumably) preexisting infection that is temporally related to the recovery of the immune system. we report the temporal sequence of events that led to ird caused by pneumocystis carinii and aspergillus terreus in 2 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative patients soon after the recovery of adaptive and innate immunity, respectively, and we review episodes noted in the english-language lite ... | 2000 | 10880300 |
| association of primary pneumocystis carinii infection and sudden infant death syndrome. | 2000 | 10880335 | |
| activities of sordarins in experimental models of candidiasis, aspergillosis, and pneumocystosis. | sordarin derivatives represent a new class of antifungal agents that act as potent inhibitors of fungal protein synthesis and possess a broad spectrum of activity. the in vivo activity of gm193663 and gm237354 was studied in mouse models of disseminated candidiasis and aspergillosis and in a rat model of pneumocystosis. the pharmacokinetic behavior of both sordarin derivatives was studied in mice and rats. in all studies, compounds were administered by the subcutaneous route. after a subcutaneou ... | 2000 | 11083645 |
| delayed inflammatory response to pneumocystis carinii infection in neonatal mice is due to an inadequate lung environment. | challenge of neonatal mice with an intranasal inoculation of pneumocystis carinii results in a subclinical infection that takes 6 wk to resolve, whereas adult mice resolve a comparable challenge within 3 wk. this delayed clearance is due to a delayed inflammatory response in neonatal mice; however, the reason for this delay has been unknown. to determine whether the neonatal lung environment is sufficient to attract immunocompetent lymphocytes into the lungs, an adoptive transfer strategy was em ... | 2000 | 11086088 |
| contributions of individual nucleotides to tertiary binding of substrate by a pneumocystis carinii group i intron. | pneumocystis carinii is a mammalian pathogen that infects and kills immunocompromised hosts such as cancer and aids patients. the lsu rrna precursor of p. carinii contains a conserved group i intron that is an attractive drug target because humans do not contain group i introns. the oligonucleotide r(augacu), whose sequence mimics the 3'-end of the 5'-exon, binds to a ribozyme derived from the intron with a k(d) of 5.2 nm, which is 61000-fold tighter than expected from base-pairing alone [testa, ... | 2000 | 11087376 |
| improving survival following aids in australia, 1991-1996. national hiv surveillance committee. | to describe the pattern of survival following aids. | 2000 | 11089623 |
| housing status and health care service utilization among low-income persons with hiv/aids. | to examine the impact of housing status on health service utilization patterns in low-income hiv-infected adults. | 2000 | 11089717 |
| immunohistochemical study of pneumocystis carinii infection in pigs: evaluation of pneumocystis pneumonia and a retrospective investigation. | infection with pneumocystis carinii was demonstrated immunohistochemically in the lungs of pigs 15 to 75 days of age from a herd with epidemic pneumonia due to the organism. the distribution of the organism was centered on the airways, and extended progressively with age from the alveolar ducts to the alveoli. in a retrospective immunohistochemical study of 245 newborn to adult pigs which were necropsied between 1988 and 1995, p carinii infection was found in 87 pigs (35.5 per cent) aged between ... | 2000 | 11095394 |
| aspects of pulmonary infections after solid organ transplantation. | the increasing number of solid organ transplant (sot) recipients have high rates of pulmonary infections due to bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. these patients have unique sets of factors predisposing to infection. lung and heart-lung transplants are associated with particularly high infection rates. the prominence of cytomegalovirus (cmv) as a pathogen in all subsets of sot patients has led to new strategies for prophylaxis, detection, and treatment of cmv pneumonitis. progress is simila ... | 2000 | 11095857 |
| hiv treatment in developing countries. | diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic advances have had a major impact on hiv at both the individual and community levels in wealthy nations. however, more than 95% of hiv infections occur in developing countries, where personal or national economies cannot support these measures. therefore, hiv treatment in developing countries must focus on particular aspects of infection, especially prevention and treatment of those opportunistic infections for which inexpensive antimicrobial agents are avai ... | 2000 | 11095879 |
| a rat model for combined trypanosoma cruzi and pneumocystis carinii infection. | dexamethasone treated rats inoculated with trypanosoma cruzi developed acute parasitemia. in addition, these animals concomitantly developed severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and died after 4 weeks of immunosuppression (100%). however, immunocompetent (untreated) rats inoculated with t. cruzi did not acquire p. carinii and recovered from t. cruzi infection. rats immunosuppressed, but not inoculated with t. cruzi, developed only pcp and died 5-6 weeks later (93%). in contrast, immunocom ... | 2000 | 11095921 |
| epidemiology of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an era of effective prophylaxis: the relative contribution of non-adherence and drug failure. | to determine the relative contribution of patient non-adherence, provider failure to prescribe prophylaxis, and drug failure to the continued occurrence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and to determine correlates of non-adherence. | 2000 | 11101068 |
| why does pneumocystis carinii pneumonia still occur? | 2000 | 11101076 | |
| a 5-day course of oral desensitization to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (t/s) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection who were previously intolerant to t/s. | trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (t/s) is an essential drug in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) infection to prevent opportunistic infections. about 40% to 60% of them develop skin rash which leads to discontinue the medication. a precise mechanism of the reaction is not known. | 2000 | 11030281 |
| expression and characterization of recombinant human-derived pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase. | dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) is the target of trimethoprim (tmp), which has been widely used in combination with sulfa drugs for treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. while the rat-derived p. carinii dhfr has been well characterized, kinetic studies of human-derived p. carinii dhfr, which differs from rat-derived p. carinii dhfr by 38% in amino acid sequence, have not been reported to date. here we report on the expression and kinetic characterization of the recombinant ... | 2000 | 11036028 |
| infection and immunity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | patients having chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) are at increased risk for infectious morbidity and mortality. the predisposition to infections in cll patients has many components, including both immunodeficiency related to the leukemia itself (humoral and cellular immune dysfunction) and the results of cumulative immunosuppression related to cll treatment. the risk of infectious complications increases with the duration of cll, reflecting the natural history of the disease and the cumulative ... | 2000 | 11040852 |
| [current hiv therapy and its clinical problems]. | hiv-specific protease inhibitors(pi) have been available in japan since 1997. since then, highly active anti-retroviral therapy(haart) including two reverse transcriptase inhibitors combined with pi became the main strategy of hiv treatment. after introducing haart, incidence of most opportunistic infections dramatically decreased, resulted a steep decline of aids death in japan as well as in the united states. however, several unexpected problems related to haart have been coming up. one is a l ... | 2000 | 11051780 |
| design, synthesis, and x-ray crystal structure of a potent dual inhibitor of thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase as an antitumor agent. | a novel n-¿2-amino-4-methyl[(pyrrolo[2, 3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl¿-l-glutamic acid (3a) was designed and synthesized as a potent dual inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (ts) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and as an antitumor agent. compound 3b, the n7-benzylated analogue of 3a, was also synthesized as an antitumor agent. the synthesis of 3a was accomplished via a 12-step sequence which involved the synthesis of 2-amino-4-methylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (10) in 5 steps from 2-acetylbutyr ... | 2000 | 11052789 |
| febrile neutropenia in allogeneic transplantation. | infections post allogeneic bone marrow transplant (bmt) are a major problem. post bmt, three periods with infectious complications are discerned: pre-engraftment and early recovery, mid recovery and late recovery. in the first period mucosal damage and neutropenia are the major host defence deficits. bacterial infections with gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, and fungal infections are seen in this period. in the mid recovery phase graft versus host and its treatment contribute to dimini ... | 2000 | 11053805 |
| rapid detection of dihydropteroate polymorphism in aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by restriction fragment length polymorphism. | sulpha agents, which act by inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase (dhps), are used widely for the treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). recently, we have shown that mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene of pneumocystis carinii f.sp hominis are associated with failure of sulpha prophylaxis and increased mortality in hiv-1 positive patients with pcp, suggesting that dhps mutations may cause sulpha resistance. to facilitate detection of dhps mut ... | 2000 | 11055650 |
| population structure of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii in danish wild rats. | the rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is frequently used to study human p. carinii infection, but there are many differences between the rat and human infections. we studied naturally acquired p. carinii in wild rats to examine the relevance of the rat model for human infection. p. carinii dna was detected in 47 of 51 wild rats and in 10 of 12 nonimmunosuppressed laboratory rats. evidence for three novel formae speciales of rat-derived p. carinii was found, and these were provisionally ... | 2000 | 11055949 |
| transmission of pneumocystis carinii disease from immunocompetent contacts of infected hosts to susceptible hosts. | pneumocystis carinii organisms constitute a large group of heterogeneous atypical microscopic fungi that are able to infect immunocompromised mammals by an airborne route and to proliferate in their lungs, inducing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. this pneumonia remains a crucial epidemiological challenge, since neither the source of pneumocystis carinii infection in humans nor the process by which humans become infected has been clearly established. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays have sh ... | 2000 | 11057500 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. | 2000 | 11057837 | |
| regional differences in presentation of aids in europe. | data were collected on 6578 patients diagnosed with aids at 52 clinical centres in 17 european countries during an 1-year period from 1979 to 1989. the centres were divided into four regions, north, central, southeast, and southwest. differences in the incidence of most aids-defining opportunistic infections and malignancies were found. after adjusting for known possible confounders, statistically significant differences between regions remained. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was more com ... | 2000 | 11057969 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome followed by kl-6, surfactant protein-d and beta-d-glucan in serum]. | a 40-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with acute respiratory failure. the patient was given a diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). after treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and corticosteroid, the respiratory failure was improved and the abnormal shadows disappeared. the serum beta-d-glucan level, significantly elevated (76.0 pg/ml) on admission, returned to the normal range within two weeks. serum kl-6 (ma ... | 2000 | 11061091 |
| conversion to rapamycin immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients: report of an initial experience. | the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of rapa conversion in patients undergoing cyclosporine (csa) or tacrolimus (tac) toxicity. | 2000 | 11063349 |
| pneumocystis carinii and geographic clustering: evidence for transmission of infection. | 2000 | 11069781 | |
| geographic clustering of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hiv infection. | to detect whether there was geographic clustering of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia cases among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, we performed a retrospective analysis of a clinical database. the rates of pneumocystosis were analyzed by zip code zones for evidence of geographical clustering. during the study period, 118 patients at our aids treatment center had a first episode of p. carinii pneumonia. an analysis of the 24 zip code zones for which a p. carinii pneumonia ... | 2000 | 11069785 |
| geographic distribution of human immunodeficiency virus-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in san francisco. | the epidemiology of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and its geographic distribution are incompletely understood. we examined the influence of geographic location as a risk factor for pcp through a retrospective case-control study of hiv-infected persons evaluated for pcp at san francisco general hospital. subjects had microscopically confirmed pcp diagnosed between january 1996 and june 1999. control subjects had a presentation suggestive of pcp, but had bronchoalveolar lavage examination t ... | 2000 | 11069786 |
| cytokine-driven inflammatory response is associated with the hypermetabolism of aids patients with opportunistic infections. | to assess a possible role of systemic inflammation in the resting metabolic response in aids patients with active secondary infections. | 2000 | 11071589 |
| fatal pneumonia in an aids patient coinfected with adenovirus and pneumocystis carinii. | adenovirus infections are common in immunocompromised hosts. however, pulmonary adenovirus infections rarely cause significant morbidity in hiv-infected patients. | 2000 | 11073142 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected patient with sickle cell crisis. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) usually occurs in the setting of preexisting immunosuppression. we present a case of pcp that occurred in an hiv-negative woman with severe sickle cell disease. | 2000 | 11073785 |
| hiv-related nontuberculous mycobacterial infection: incidence, survival analysis and associated risk factors. | to evaluate the incidence and survival time for aids-patients affected by different stages of nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) infection we performed a retrospective study. data of 1540 hospitalised aids-patients was analyzed with respect to survival time and incidence rates. the overall incidence rate of ntm following aids was 16.6/100 person-years (py), with an increase from 12.1/100py (1987-1990) to 18.9/100py (1991-1994). antiretroviral therapy (art) and toxoplasmosis prophylaxis reduced t ... | 2000 | 11076783 |
| pneumocystis carinii in south africa. | 2000 | 11081117 | |
| pneumocystis carinii diagnosis: an update. | from 1994 to date we have been using the internal transcribed spacers (itss) nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to investigate the possibility of diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on non-invasive samples collected from hiv-positive patients with pulmonary involvement. the objectives were: (1) to test the sensitivity, specificity and prognostic value of pcr in diagnosis and follow up of pcp; (2) to investigate the eventual occurrence and role of asymptomatic carriers of p. carinii; (3 ... | 2000 | 11118878 |
| dna minor groove interactions and the biological activity of 2,5-bis. | 2,5-bis-[4-(n-cyclobutyl-amidino)phenyl] furan and 2,5-bis-[4-(n-cyclohexyl-amidino)phenyl] furan have activity against pneumocystis carinii and also show cytotoxicity against several tumour cell lines. these activities are correlated with dna-binding abilities; the crystal structures of complexes with the dna sequence d(cgcgaattcgcg) is reported here. interactions with, and effects on, the dna minor groove, are found to be factors in the biological properties of these compounds. | 2000 | 11128631 |