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draft genome sequence of non-shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157 nccp15738.the non-shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (non-stec) o157 is a pathogenic strain that cause diarrhea but does not cause hemolytic-uremic syndrome, or hemorrhagic colitis. here, we present the 5-mb draft genome sequence of non-stec o157 nccp15738, which was isolated from the feces of a korean patient with diarrhea, and describe its features and the structural basis for its genome evolution.201627096008
evaluation of pcr based assays for the improvement of proportion estimation of bacterial and viral pathogens in diarrheal surveillance.diarrhea can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms. laboratory diagnosis is essential in the pathogen-specific burden assessment. in the pathogen spectrum monitoring in the diarrheal surveillance, culture methods are commonly used for the bacterial pathogens' detection whereas nucleic acid based amplification, the non-cultural methods are used for the viral pathogens. different methodology may cause the inaccurate pathogen spectrum for the bacterial pathogens because ...201627065958
microbiological quality assessment by pcr and its antibiotic susceptibility in mangrove crabs (ucides cordatus) from guanabara bay, rio de janeiro, brazil.the bacteriological quality of crabs from three different mangroves (itaóca, suruí, and piedade) from rio de janeiro state, brazil, was investigated using conventional and molecular methods. the results revealed high counts for total coliforms in meat and hepatopancreas samples. pcr analyses identified 25 escherichia coli colonies in the itaóca, piedade, and suruí samples, detecting 13 enterotoxigenic colonies and 9 enteroaggregative colonies. respectively, 12, 11, and 21 vibrio parahaemolyticus ...201627065187
the first description of complete invertebrate arginine metabolism pathways implies dose-dependent pathogen regulation in apostichopus japonicus.in this study, three typical members representative of different arginine metabolic pathways were firstly identified from apostichopus japonicus, including nitric oxide synthase (nos), arginase, and agmatinase. spatial expression analysis revealed that the ajnos transcript presented negative expression patterns relative to those of ajarginase or ajagmatinase in most detected tissues. furthermore, vibrio splendidus-challenged coelomocytes and intestine, and lps-exposed primary coelomocytes could ...201627032691
molecular and immune response characterizations of il-6 in large yellow croaker (larimichthys crocea).interleukin-6 (il-6) is a multifunctional inflammatory cytokine which exists in multiple tissues and cell lines. in the present study, the full-length cdna and the genomic sequence of il-6 (lcil-6) were cloned from large yellow croaker, larimichthys crocea. the full-length cdna of lcil-6 was 1066 base pairs (bp), containing an open reading frame (orf) of 678 bp encoding for 225 amino acids, a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 71 bp and a 3' utr of 317 bp. the predicted lcil-6 protein included a 24 ...201626868214
functions of vpa1418 and vpa0305 catalase genes in growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus under oxidative stress.the marine foodborne enteropathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus has four putative catalase genes. the functions of two kate-homologous genes, kate1 (vpa1418) and kate2 (vpa0305), in the growth of this bacterium were examined using gene deletion mutants with or without complementary genes. the growth of the mutant strains in static or shaken cultures in a rich medium at 37°c or at low temperatures (12 and 4°c), with or without competition from escherichia coli, did not differ from that of the parent ...201626746716
structural characterization and biomedical properties of sulfated polysaccharide from the gladius of sepioteuthis lessoniana (lesson, 1831).sulfated polysaccharide was extracted from the internal shell (gladius) of sepioteuthis lessoniana. the sulfated polysaccharide contained 61.3% of carbohydrate, 0.8% of protein, 28.2% of ash and 1.33% of moisture respectively. the elemental composition was analyzed using chns/o analyzer. the molecular weight of sulfated polysaccharide determined through page was found to be as 66 kda. monosaccharides analysis revealed that sulfated polysaccharide was composed of rhamnose, galactose, xylose and g ...201626724686
green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by bacillus methylotrophicus, and their antimicrobial activity.the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) by microorganisms is an area attracting growing interest in nanobiotechnology, due to the applications of these nanoparticles in various products including cosmetics and biosensors, and in the biomedical, clinical, and bioimaging fields as well. various microorganisms have been found to be able to synthesize agnps when silver salts are supplied in the reaction system. the main objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of synthesis of a ...201625749281
case-control study of diarrheal disease etiology in individuals over 5 years in southwest china.acute diarrhea is one of the major public health problems worldwide. most of studies on acute diarrhea have been made on infants aged below 5 years and few efforts have been made to identify the etiological agents of acute diarrhea in people over five, especially in china.201627891182
impact of co-infections with enteric pathogens on children suffering from acute diarrhea in southwest china.acute diarrhea is a global health problem, resulting in high morbidity and mortality in children. it has been suggested that enteric pathogen co-infections play an important role in gastroenteritis, but most research efforts have only focused on a small range of species belonging to a few pathogen groups. this study aimed to assess the impact of co-infections with a broad range of enteric pathogens on children aged below five years who suffer from acute diarrhea in southwest china.201627349521
an improved multiplex real-time sybr green pcr assay for analysis of 24 target genes from 16 bacterial species in fecal dna samples from patients with foodborne illnesses.here, we developed a new version of our original screening system (rapid foodborne bacterial screening 24; rfbs24), which can simultaneously detect 24 genes of foodborne pathogens in fecal dna samples. this new version (rfbs24 ver. 5) detected all known stx2 subtypes, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (sth genotype), and vibrio parahaemolyticus (trh2), which were not detected by the original rfbs24 assay. the detection limits of rfbs24 ver. 5 were approximately 5.6 × 10(-2)-5.6 × 10(-5) (ng dna)/ ...201626166499
dna shuffling approach for recombinant polyvalent ompas against v. alginolyticus and e. tarda infections.molecular breeding via dna shuffling directs the evolution of vaccines with desired traits. in the present study, polyvalent ompa vaccines were generated by dna shuffling of five ompa genes from four species of bacteria vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. alginolyticus, edwardsiella tarda and escherichia coli. first, a new hybrid ompa was constructed using va0764 primers and used for construction of a prokaryotic expressing library pompas-fv containing 84 ompas, which were validated by pcr and sds/page. ...201627697557
construction and immune protection evaluation of recombinant polyvalent ompas derived from genetically divergent ompa by dna shuffling.a wide variety of bacterial infections is a major challenge in aquaculture. development of polyvalent vaccines that can fight against as many pathogens as possible is especially necessary. the present study uses dna shuffling to create a new hybrid ompa with improved cross-protection against vibrio alginolyticus and edwardsiella tarda through the recombination of six ompa genes from vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. alginolyticus, e. tarda and escherichia coli. out of the 43 recombinant chimeras genes ...201626707781
serology, virulence, antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics of clinical vibrio parahaemolyticus strains circulating in southeastern china from 2009 to 2013.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of food-borne diarrhoea in coastal countries. although v. parahaemolyticus cases have been reported since 1950, they have been poorly documented. from july 2009 to june 2013, we collected 6951 faecal specimens for pathogen detection; v. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from 563 specimens (8.1%). we then analysed the characteristics of the 501 v. parahaemolyticus strains that were isolated as the sole pathogen. twenty-one serotypes were identified ...201626597222
a label-free multi-functionalized graphene oxide based electrochemiluminscence immunosensor for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus in seawater and seafood.a label-free electrochemiluminescence (ecl) immunosensor for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of marine pathogenic bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) in seawater and seafood was developed based on multi-functionalized graphene oxide, which was prepared with n-(4-aminobutyl)-n-ethylisoluminol (abei) and vp antibody (anti-vp) simultaneously immobilized on the surface of magnetic graphene oxide (nanofe3o4@go). abei and anti-vp acted as the electrochemiluminophore and the capture device for vp ...201626592599
genetic diversity of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from farmed pacific white shrimp and ambient pond water affected by acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease outbreak in thailand.acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) is an emerging shrimp disease that causes massive die-offs in farmed shrimps. recent outbreaks of ahpnd in asia have been causing great losses for shrimp culture and have become a serious socioeconomic problem. the causative agent of ahpnd is vibrio parahaemolyticus, which is typically known to cause food-borne gastroenteritis in humans. however, there have been few reports of the epidemiology of v. parahaemolyticus ahpnd strains, and the genetic r ...201626590959
prevalence and factors associated with different pathogens of acute diarrhea in adults in beijing, china.only a small proportion of patients with diarrhea are diagnosed with laboratory tests in china, and most are diagnosed based on clinical symptoms. therefore, understanding the prevalence of different diarrheal pathogens and their specific symptoms is important.201627886032
differential localization of chemotactic signaling arrays during the lifecycle of vibrio parahaemolyticus.when encountering new environments or changes to their external milieu, bacteria use elaborate mechanisms to respond accordingly. here, we describe how vibrio parahaemolyticus coordinates two such mechanisms - differentiation and chemotaxis. v. parahaemolyticus differentiates between two distinct cell types: short rod-shaped swimmer cells and highly elongated swarmer cells. we show that the intracellular organization of chemotactic signaling arrays changes according to the differentiation state. ...201627853457
draft genome sequences of one marine and one clinical vibrio parahaemolyticus strain, both isolated in sweden.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading bacterial pathogen associated with seafood consumption. here, we report the draft genome sequences of one marine and one clinical strain, both isolated in sweden. these sequences will inform future comparative analysis of v. parahaemolyticus in northern europe.201627789643
sensor histidine kinase is a β-lactam receptor and induces resistance to β-lactam antibiotics.β-lactams disrupt bacterial cell wall synthesis, and these agents are the most widely used antibiotics. one of the principle mechanisms by which bacteria resist the action of β-lactams is by producing β-lactamases, enzymes that degrade β-lactams. in gram-negative bacteria, production of β-lactamases is often induced in response to the antibiotic-associated damage to the cell wall. here, we have identified a previously unidentified mechanism that governs β-lactamase production. in the gram-negati ...201626831117
pathogenicity of vibrio parahaemolyticus in different food matrices.the pathogenicity and virulence factors of vibrio parahaemolyticus in four food matrices--shrimp, freshwater fish, pork, and egg-fried rice--were compared by measuring the thermostable direct hemolysin activity and total hemolytic titer. significantly high thermostable direct hemolysin and also hemolytic titers (p < 0.05) were produced by v. parahaemolyticus in egg-fried rice > shrimp > freshwater fish > pork. filtrates of v. parahaemolyticus in shrimp given intraperitoneally induced marked live ...201626818990
biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of the adathoda vasica linn extract mediated silver nanoparticles.the aim of this study is to investigate the biocompatibility and anti-vibrio efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (agnps) using an aqueous leaf extract of adathoda vasica (a. vasica). the green synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by uv-vis, fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (xrd), transmission electron microscopy (tem), scanning electron microscopy (sem) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (edx). a. vasica agnps showed significant an ...201626802519
rapid and sensitive detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus by multiple endonuclease restriction real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique.vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus are two marine seafood-borne pathogens causing severe illnesses in humans and aquatic animals. in this study, a recently developed novel multiple endonuclease restriction real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology (mert-lamp) were successfully developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus strains in only a single reaction. two mert-lamp primer sets were designed to specifically target tox ...201626797596
serogroup, virulence, and molecular traits of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from clinical and cockle sources in northeastern thailand.vibrio parahaemolyticus is responsible for seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. isolates of v. parahaemolyticus from clinical samples (n=74) and cockles (anadara granosa) (n=74) in thailand were analyzed by serotyping, determination of virulence and related marker genes present, response to antimicrobial agents, and genetic relatedness. serological analysis revealed 31 different serotypes, 10 of which occurred among both clinical and cockle samples. the clinical isolates commonly included th ...201626773828
identification and pathogenicity of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates and immune responses of penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei (boone).five different vibrio parahaemolyticus strains (sh8, sh108, sh58, ah5 and gd10) isolated from the hepatopancreas of moribund shrimp in farms of mainland china were identified and capable of inducing massive mortality of penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei. the immersion challenge results with five isolates indicated variance of virulence, while only gd10 caused massive sloughing of tubule epithelial cells which was recognized as the most significant symptom of ahpnd. differences in immune responses w ...201626763100
identification and characterization of mkk7 as an upstream activator of jnk in litopenaeus vannamei.mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (mkk7) is a key signal transduction regulator in c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) signaling pathway, which is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. in this study, we described the molecular cloning of a new member of mkk7 group from litopenaeus vannamei named as lvmkk7. the full-length cdna of lvmkk7 was 3093 bp in length, with an open reading frame (orf) of 1440bp encoding a putative protein of 479 amino acids. lvmkk7 contai ...201626707780
two distinct interferon-γ genes in tetraodon nigroviridis: functional analysis during vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.interferon gamma (ifnγ) is a th1 cytokine that plays a very important role in almost all phases of immune and inflammatory responses. in this study, we explored the functions of ifnγ1 and ifnγ2 of tetraodon nigroviridis. treating t. nigroviridis spleen and head kidney cells in vitro with recombinant t. nigroviridis ifnγ1 protein (rtn ifnγ1) or recombinant t. nigroviridis ifnγ2 protein (rtn ifnγ2) enhanced their nitric oxide responses. both rtn ifnγ1 and rtn ifnγ2 also induced the expression of i ...201626701668
development of a highly sensitive lateral immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is widely present in brackish water all over the world, causing infections in certain aquatic animals. it is also a foodborne pathogen that causes diarrhea in humans. the aim of this study is to develop an immunochromatographic lateral flow assay (lfa) for rapid detection of v. parahaemolyticus in both aquatic products and human feces of diarrheal patients. two monoclonal antibody (mab) pairs, ga1a-ic9 and ic9-kb4c, were developed and proven to be highly specific and sens ...201627751742
c-type lectin (mrctl) from the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii participates in innate immunity.c-type lectins (ctls) play important roles in the innate immunity of invertebrates. in this study, a novel ctl with a single carbohydrate recognition domain (crd) containing an epn (glu-pro-asn) motif was identified from the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii. this ctl was designated as mrctl. the cdna of mrctl is 1788 bp with a 657 bp open reading frame that encodes a protein of 218 amino acids. the cdna and genome sequences of mrctl show a polymorphism that leads to mrctl isoform ...201627620819
population analysis of clinical and environmental vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from eastern provinces in china by removing the recombinant snps in the mlst loci.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common seafood-borne pathogenic bacterium which causes gastroenteritis in humans. continuous surveillance on the molecular characters of the clinical and environmental v. parahaemolyticus strains needs to be conducted for the epidemiological and genetic purposes. to generate a picture of the population distribution of v. parahaemolyticus in eastern china isolated from clinical cases of gastroenteritis and environmental samples, we investigated the genetic and evoluti ...201627608607
characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates obtained from crayfish (procambarus clarkii) in freshwater.vibrio parahaemolyticus usually occurs in coastal areas and is generally recognized as a marine bacterium. it has become the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. in the present study, 96 v. parahaemolyticus isolates were obtained from freshwater crayfish (procambarus clarkii) and classified by multilocus sequence typing. fifty-three sequence types (sts) were identified among the 96 isolates analyzed, 38 of which were novel sts. these isolates fell into six groups and 42 singletons, sugges ...201627620824
vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in south america: water, seafood and human infections.the bacterial species, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus, are ubiquitous in estuaries and coastal waters throughout the world, but they also happen to be important human pathogens. they are concentrated by filter-feeding shellfish which are often consumed raw or undercooked, providing an important potential route of entry for an infective dose of these bacteria. vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause abdominal cramping, nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, chills and fever. vibrio vulnificus can ...201627459915
genome sequence of vibrio parahaemolyticus vp103 strain isolated from shrimp in malaysia. 201627708636
expression patterns of two heat-shock cognate 70 genes during immune responses and larval development of the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis.two heat-shock protein (hsp) 70 family transcripts, heat-shock protein 70 cognate 5 and heat-shock protein 70 cognate 3 (designated as eshsc70-5 and eshsc70-3, respectively), were isolated from the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis and their expression profiles were evaluated for their responsiveness to larval development and immune challenge in adult crabs. the hsps exhibited 45-89% identity with other heat-shock proteins, and they shared similar structural features. eshsc70 mrna expressio ...201627706716
genome sequence of vibrio parahaemolyticus vp152 strain isolated from penaeus indicus in malaysia. 201627656174
genetic characterization of a blaveb-2-carrying plasmid in vibrio parahaemolyticus.this report describes the first detection of a blaveb-2 gene in a vibrio parahaemolyticus strain isolated from a shrimp sample. the blaveb-2 gene was carried on a novel inc-type plasmid that was likely to have originated from aquatic organisms, as indicated by a comparison with other known genetic elements in the genbank database. however, the plasmid contains resistance elements usually harbored by members of the family enterobacteriaceae, suggesting that gene transfer events occurred and contr ...201627645248
trh (tdh-/trh+) gene analysis of clinical, environmental and food isolates of vibrio parahaemolyticus as a tool for investigating pathogenicity.sequencing analysis of the trh gene encoding the tdh-related haemolysin of tdh-/trh+ vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in italy between 2002 and 2011 from clinical, environmental, and food samples revealed the presence of the trh2 variant in all isolates. the trh2 of the clinical isolate was 100% identical to other clinical tdh-/trh2 v. parahaemolyticus from europe. nucleotide and amino acid differences in the trh2 sequences of clinical isolates from italy and other countries allowed a differenti ...201626990408
variability in biofilm formation correlates with hydrophobicity and quorum sensing among vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from food contact surfaces and the distribution of the genes involved in biofilm formation.vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the leading foodborne pathogens causing seafood contamination. here, 22 v. parahaemolyticus strains were analyzed for biofilm formation to determine whether there is a correlation between biofilm formation and quorum sensing (qs), swimming motility, or hydrophobicity. the results indicate that the biofilm formation ability of v. parahaemolyticus is positively correlated with cell surface hydrophobicity, autoinducer (ai-2) production, and protease activity. field ...201626980068
genome characterization of a novel vibriophage vpkk5 (siphoviridae) specific to fish pathogenic strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus has long been known pathogenic to shrimp but only recently it is also reported pathogenic to tropical cultured marine finfish. traditionally, bacterial diseases in aquaculture are often treated using synthetic antibiotics but concern due to side effects of these chemicals is elevating hence, new control strategies which are both environmental and consumer friendly, are urgently needed. one promising control strategy is the bacteriophage therapy. in this study, we report t ...201626960780
prevalence, characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from retail aquatic products in north china.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen, particularly in asian countries. increased occurrence of outbreaks of v. parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in china indicates the need to evaluation of the prevalence of this pathogenic species. v. parahaemolyticus distribution in shellfish from the eastern coast of china has been reported previously. however, to date, the prevalence of v. parahaemolyticus in retail aquatic products in north china has not been determined. to investigate the p ...201626955871
essential oils of nigella sativa protects artemia from the pathogenic effect of vibrio parahaemolyticus dahv2.the anti-vibrio activity of essential oils (eos) of nine medicinal plants was tested against 28 vibrio spp. isolated from diseased fenneropenaeus indicus. eo of nigella sativa exhibited anti-vibrio activity against all vibrio spp. and greater inhibition was noted for the isolate v2 which was identified as vibrio parahaemolyticus dahv2. further, eo of n. sativa effectively inhibited v. parahaemolyticus dahv2 with an inhibition zone of 23.9mm at 101.2μgml(-1). moreover, eo of n. sativa revealed an ...201626945773
incidence rates and clinical symptoms of salmonella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and shigella infections in china, 1998-2013.the etiological and clinical characteristics of patients with infectious diarrhea have changed during the last decade in shanghai.201626927452
single crd containing lectin from macrobrachium rosenbergii (mrlec) participates in innate immunity against pathogen infections.as a type of pattern-recognition proteins, lectins perform important functions in the innate immunity of crustaceans, including prawns. although several reports showed that c-type lectin domain family (clec) importantly functions in host-pathogen interactions, limited research has focused on clec in macrobrachium rosenbergii. in the present study, a new single crd containing clec (designated as mrlec) was reported in freshwater prawns, m. rosenbergii. the full-length cdna of mrlec consisted of 1 ...201626923244
editorial: ecology, virulence, and detection of pathogenic and pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus. 201626909072
protective roles of katg-homologous genes against extrinsic peroxides in vibrio parahaemolyticus.the marine foodborne enteropathogen, vibrio parahaemolyticus, has four putative catalase genes. function of the katg-homologous genes, katg1(vpa0768) and katg2(vpa0453), was examined using gene deletion mutants, and compared with those of the kate-homologous genes, kate1(vpa1418) and kate2(vpa0305). bacterial growth of δkatg1 was significantly delayed in the presence of 200-300 μm h2o2, and such inhibition was enhanced when incubation temperature was lowered from 37°c to 22°c. in the stationary ...201626892020
variations of immune parameters in the lined seahorse hippocampus erectus after infection with enteritis pathogen of vibrio parahaemolyticus.enteritis has been increasingly recognized as one of the major obstacles for the lined seahorse hippocampus erectus mass culture success. in the present study, the intestinal bacteria strains of the lined seahorses h. erectus suffered from enteritis were isolated, then their pathogenicities were confirmed by artificial infection, and one pathogenic bacteria strain named ds3 was obtained. the median lethal dose (ld50) of strain ds3 for 10 days was determined. the seahorses with different infectio ...201626851568
responses of three very large inducible gtpases to bacterial and white spot syndrome virus challenges in the giant fresh water prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii.interferons (ifns) are cytokines secreted by cells in response to invasion by pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or tumor cells. very large inducible gtpases (vlig) are the latest ifn-inducible gtpase family to be discovered and are the largest known gtpases of any species. however, vlig proteins from invertebrates have yet to be characterized. in this study, three forms of vligs designated as mrvlig1, mrvlig2, and mrvlig3 were cloned from the giant fresh water prawn macrobrachium ...201626850335
draft genome sequence of pathogenic bacteria vibrio parahaemolyticus strain ba94c2, associated with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease isolate from south america.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a pathogenic bacteria which has been associated to the early mortality syndrome (ems) also known as hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) causing high mortality in shrimp farms. pathogenic strains contain two homologous genes related to insecticidal toxin genes, pira and pirb, these toxin genes are located on a plasmid contained within the bacteria. genomic sequences have allowed the finding of two strains with a divergent structure related to the geographic region ...201627570736
unhealthy sugars in bacterial cytotoxicity.bacterial type three secretion systems (t3sss) are central to virulence, but the processes stimulating their activation are unclear. in this issue of cell host & microbe, blondel et al. (2016) perform a genome-wide screen using crispr/cas technology to identify a role for cell surface sulfation and fucosylation in cytotoxicity mediated by vibrio parahaemolyticus t3sss.201627512898
identification and characterization of an 18.4kda antimicrobial truncation from shrimp litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin upon vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.hemocyanin (hmc) is a multifunctional protein which plays many essential roles in invertebrate organism. recently more and more immune-related functions have been discovered on this protein. here the shrimp was infected with vibrio parahaemolyticus and the shrimp sera were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. totally 15 spots were identified as significantly up-regulated spots and further analyzed by maldi-tof/tof mass spectrometry (ms). four of them were identified as hmc derived tr ...201627506277
shrimp with knockdown of lvsocs2, a negative feedback loop regulator of jak/stat pathway in litopenaeus vannamei, exhibit enhanced resistance against wssv.jak/stat pathway is one of cytokine signaling pathways and mediates diversity immune responses to protect host from viral infection. in this study, lvsocs2, a member of suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) families, has been cloned and identified from litopenaeus vannamei. the full length of lvsocs2 is 1601 bp, including an 1194 bp open reading frame (orf) coding for a putative protein of 397 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of ∼42.3 kda. lvsocs2 expression was most abundant in ...201627497874
virulence and antibiotic and heavy metal resistance of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from crustaceans and shellfish in shanghai, china.vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause serious human seafoodborne gastroenteritis and even death. in this study, we isolated and characterized 208 v. parahaemolyticus strains from 10 species of commonly consumed crustaceans and shellfish available in fish markets in shanghai, people's republic of china, in 2014. most of these aquatic species had not been detected previously. the results revealed an extremely low occurrence of pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus carrying the toxin gene trh (1.9%). however, ...201627497124
leukocyte susceptibility and immune response against vibrio parahaemolyticus in totoaba macdonaldi.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a serious pathogen that affects aquaculture. nonetheless, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have focused on its immunological implications in totoaba macdonaldi. thus, the early immune response to v. parahaemolyticus in juveniles of totoaba was studied at 24 h post-infection with an in vivo study. in addition, changes in cellular innate immune parameters - phagocytosis, respiratory burst activity and viability (annexin v/propidium iodide) - were evaluated in vit ...201627486683
cloning of a big defensin gene and its response to vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge in the noble scallop chlamys nobilis (bivalve: pectinidae).the noble scallop chlamys nobilis has been an important marine cultured bivalve in the southern sea of china for decades. however, large-scale mortality events often occurred during the scallop' cultivation. as one of amps (antimicrobial peptides), big defensin is an important component of the innate immunity against pathogenic microorganisms in invertebrates. in order to investigate whether the big defensin can play a role in the immune defense against pathogenic microorganisms in noble scallop ...201627474446
feasibility of using multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for epidemiology study of vibrio parahaemolyticus infections.vibrio parahaemolyticus causes foodborne gastroenteritis, which is often associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish. molecular typing can provide critical information for detecting outbreaks and for source attribution. in this study, we describe the development and evaluation of an optimized multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) for the characterization of v. parahaemolyticus isolates. the discriminatory power of mlva was compared to that of pul ...201627454001
crispr/cas9 screens reveal requirements for host cell sulfation and fucosylation in bacterial type iii secretion system-mediated cytotoxicity.type iii secretion systems (t3sss) inject bacterial effector proteins into host cells and underlie the virulence of many gram-negative pathogens. studies have illuminated bacterial factors required for t3ss function, but the required host processes remain largely undefined. we coupled crispr/cas9 genome editing technology with the cytotoxicity of two vibrio parahaemolyticus t3sss (t3ss1 and t3ss2) to identify human genome disruptions conferring resistance to t3ss-dependent cytotoxicity. we ident ...201627453484
comparison of the effects of environmental parameters on the growth variability of vibrio parahaemolyticus coupled with strain sources and genotypes analyses.microbial growth variability plays an important role on food safety risk assessment. in this study, the growth kinetic characteristics corresponding to maximum specific growth rate (μmax) of 50 v. parahaemolyticus isolates from different sources and genotypes were evaluated at different temperatures (10, 20, 30, and 37°c) and salinity (0.5, 3, 5, 7, and 9%) using the automated turbidimetric system bioscreen c. the results demonstrated that strain growth variability increased as the growth condit ...201627446034
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in swimming crabs (portunus trituberculatus) and in vitro antibacterial activity against vibrio: pk/pd of smz-tmp in crabs and antibacterial activity against vibrio.serious bacterial pathogens have recently become a major cause of massive mortality in swimming crabs (portunus trituberculatus). in this study, the antibacterial activity against vibrio and the pharmacokinetics (pk) of sulfamethoxazole (smz)-trimethoprim (tmp) in crabs were estimated to explore the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (pk/pd) properties of the smz-tmp combination. the in vitro bacteriostatic activity and the anti-vibrio infection activity of the smz-tmp combination at various rati ...201627434870
tetraodon nigroviridis: a model of vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.vibriosis is the most common bacterial diseases and brings great economic loss on aquaculture. vibrio parahaemolyticus (v. parahaemolyticus), a gram-negative bacterium, has been identified as one main pathogens of vibriosis. the pathogenic mechanism of v. parahaemolyticus is not entirely clear now. in our study, a model of v. parahaemolyticus infection of green-spotted puffer fish (tetraodon nigroviridis) was established. t. nigroviridis were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 200 μl of v. p ...201627426523
evaluation of toxa and vibrio parahaemolyticus lysate on humoral immune response and immune-related genes in pacific red snapper.immunogenicity of toxa and vibrio parahaemolyticus lysate was evaluated in a double immunostimulation scheme in pacific red snapper after v. parahaemolyticus infection. three groups of pacific red snapper were intraperitonealy (i.p.) injected with phosphate-buffered saline (pbs group), toxa of v. parahaemolyticus (toxa-vp group) or v. parahaemolyticus lysate (lysate-vp group) (first injection, day 1; second injection, day 7). fish were subsequently infected with live v. parahaemolyticus. humoral ...201627417232
sensitive detection of multiple pathogens using a single dna probe.a simple but promising electrochemical dna nanosensor was designed, constructed and applied to differentiate a few food-borne pathogens. the dna probe was initially designed to have a complementary region in vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) genome and to make different hybridization patterns with other selected pathogens. the sensor was based on a screen printed carbon electrode (spce) modified with polylactide-stabilized gold nanoparticles (pla-aunps) and methylene blue (mb) was employed as the red ...201627414245
dangerous hitchhikers? evidence for potentially pathogenic vibrio spp. on microplastic particles.the taxonomic composition of biofilms on marine microplastics is widely unknown. recent sequencing results indicate that potentially pathogenic vibrio spp. might be present on floating microplastics. hence, these particles might function as vectors for the dispersal of pathogens. microplastics and water samples collected in the north and baltic sea were subjected to selective enrichment for pathogenic vibrio species. bacterial colonies were isolated from chromagar™vibrio and assigned to vibrio s ...201627411093
cloning and differential expression of a novel toll-like receptor gene in noble scallop chlamys nobilis with different total carotenoid content.to investigate whether toll like receptors (tlrs) genes do have an immune influence on noble scallop chlamys nobilis under pathogen stress, acute challenges lasting 48 h to vibrio parahaemolyticus, lipopolysaccharide (lps), polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly i:c), and pbs were conducted in two scallop stains of orange and brown with different carotenoids content. a novel toll-like receptor gene called cntlr-1 was cloned and its transcripts under different challenges were determined. meantime, ...201627403592
structural studies of a polysaccharide from vibrio parahaemolyticus strain an-16000.the structure of a polysaccharide from vibrio parahaemolyticus strain an-16000 has been investigated. the sugar and absolute configuration analysis revealed d-glc, d-galn, d-quin and l-fucn as major components. the ps was subjected to dephosphorylation with aqueous 40% hf to obtain an oligosaccharide that was analyzed by (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy. the hr-ms spectrum of the oligosaccharide revealed a pentasaccharide composed of two glc residues, one quinac and one galnac, one fucnac, as wel ...201627392309
bile salt receptor complex activates a pathogenic type iii secretion system.bile is an important component of the human gastrointestinal tract with an essential role in food absorption and antimicrobial activities. enteric bacterial pathogens have developed strategies to sense bile as an environmental cue to regulate virulence genes during infection. we discovered that vibrio parahaemolyticus vtrc, along with vtra and vtrb, are required for activating the virulence type iii secretion system 2 in response to bile salts. the vtra/vtrc complex activates vtrb in the presenc ...201627377244
the vibrio parahaemolyticus-infecting bacteriophage qdvp001: genome sequence and endolysin with a modular structure.vibrio parahaemolyticus, a marine pathogen, is a causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans after consumption of contaminated seafood. in recent years, infections with v. parahaemolyticus have become an increasingly frequent factor in microbial food poisoning; therefore, it is urgent to figure out ways to control vibrio parahaemolyticus. endolysins, lytic enzymes encoded by bacteriophages, have been regarded as a therapeutic alternative to antibiotics in control of bacterial growth and have be ...201627376376
differentially expressed transcripts in stomach of penaeus monodon in response to ahpnd infection.acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) is an emerging disease in aquacultured shrimp caused by a pathogenic strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus. as with several pathogenic bacteria, colonization of the stomach appeared to be the initial step of the infection for ahpnd-causing vibrio. to understand the immune responses in the stomach of black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon), differentially expressed transcripts (dets) in the stomach during v. parahaemolyticus strain 3hp (vp3hp) infection wa ...201627339467
report of leucine-rich repeats (lrrs) from scylla serrata: ontogeny, molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis following ligand stimulation, and upon bacterial and viral infections.leucine-rich repeat (lrr) proteins are present in all living organisms, and their participation in signal transduction and defense mechanisms has been elucidated in humans and mosquitoes. lrrs possibly involve in protein-protein interactions also and show differential expression pattern upon challenge with pathogens. in the present study, a new lrr gene was identified in mud crab, scylla serrata. lrr gene mrna levels in different developmental stages and various tissues of s. serrata were analys ...201627328453
outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus sequence type 120, peru, 2009.in 2009, an outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus occurred in piura, cajamarca, lambayeque, and lima, peru. whole-genome sequencing of clinical and environmental samples from the outbreak revealed a new v. parahaemolyticus clone. all the isolates identified belonged to a single clonal complex described exclusively in asia before its emergence in peru.201627315090
[transcriptional regulation of hcp1 by h-ns in vibrio parahaemolyticus].to study the transcriptional regulation of the structural components hcp1 by h-ns in vibrio parahaemolyticus.201627305788
vibrio parahaemolyticus strains of pandemic serotypes identified from clinical and environmental samples from jiangsu, china.vibrio parahaemolyticus has emerged as a major foodborne pathogen in china, japan, thailand, and other asian countries. in this study, 72 strains of v. parahaemolyticus were isolated from clinical and environmental samples between 2006 and 2014 in jiangsu, china. the serotypes and six virulence genes including thermostable direct hemolysin (tdr) and tdr-related hemolysin (trh) genes were assessed among the isolates. twenty five serotypes were identified and o3:k6 was one of the dominant serotype ...201627303379
transcription of exsd is repressed directly by h-ns in vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-associated diarrhea and gastroenteritis. this bacteria expresses a major virulence determinant called t3ss1. expression of t3ss1 is tightly regulated by the exsa-exsc-exsd regulatory system. the transcription of exsa and probably exsc is repressed directly by the h-ns protein. in this study, the regulation of exsd by h-ns was investigated using quantitative rt-pcr, primer extension, lacz fusion, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dnase i foo ...201627289037
characterization of adp ribosylation factor 1 gene from exopalaemon carinicauda and its immune response to pathogens challenge and ammonia-n stress.adp ribosylation factors (arf), as highly conserved small guanosine triphosphate (gtp)-binding proteins, participates in intracellular trafficking and organelle structure. in this study, a full-length cdna of arf1 (designated ecarf1) was cloned from exopalaemon carinicauda by using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. the full-length cdna of ecarf1 was 1428 bp, which contains an open reading frame (orf) of 549 bp, encoding a 182 amino-acid polypeptide with the predicted molecular ...201627231192
closing the brief case: safe to go back in the water? vibrio parahaemolyticus wound infection associated with brackish water. 201627217388
effects of intertidal harvest practices on levels of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus bacteria in oysters.vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus can grow rapidly in shellfish subjected to ambient air conditions, such as during intertidal exposure. in this study, levels of total and pathogenic (tdh(+) and/or trh(+)) v. parahaemolyticus and total v. vulnificus were determined in oysters collected from two study locations where intertidal harvest practices are common. samples were collected directly off intertidal flats, after exposure (ambient air [washington state] or refrigerated [new jersey] ...201627208133
photodynamic effect of curcumin on vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus (v. parahaemolyticus) is currently a major cause of bacterial diarrhoea associated with seafood consumption. the objective of this study was to determine the inactivation effect of curcumin-mediated photodynamic action on v. parahaemolyticus. first of all, v. parahaemolyticus suspended in pbs buffer was irradiated by a visible light from a led light source with an energy density of 3.6j/cm(2). colony forming units (cfu) were counted and the viability of v. parahaemolyticu ...201627177810
complete genome sequence of vibrio parahaemolyticus strain forc_008, a foodborne pathogen from a flounder fish in south korea.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative, motile, nonspore-forming pathogen that causes foodborne illness associated with the consumption of contaminated seafoods. although many cases of foodborne outbreaks caused by v. parahaemolyticus have been reported, the genomes of only five strains have been completely sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics. in order to characterize overall virulence factors and pathogenesis of v. parahaemolyticus associated with foodborne outbreak in south korea, ...201627170457
population relationship of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates derived from aquaculture ponds, a seafood market, restaurants, and clinical samples.to study the relationship between environmental and clinical populations of vibrio parahaemolyticus, we collected in total 86 isolates from southern china during one and a half years. sixty-eight isolates were recovered from aquaculture ponds, a seafood market, and restaurants, and 18 isolates were recovered from clinical samples. virulence gene analysis revealed that 25 isolates (14 clinical and 11 environmental) tested positive for tdh, but only 4 carried trh. interestingly, none of the tdh(+) ...201627166752
sero-prevalence and genetic diversity of pandemic v. parahaemolyticus strains occurring at a global scale.pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus is an emerging public health concern as it has caused numerous gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. currently, the absence of a global overview of the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of pandemic strains restricts our overall understanding of these strains, especially for environmental strains. to generate a global picture of the sero-prevalence and genetic diversity of pandemic v. parahaemolyticus, pandemic isolates from worldwide collections were select ...201627148244
prevalence, molecular characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of vibrio parahaemolyticus from ready-to-eat foods in china.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks, particularly outbreaks associated with consumption of fish and shellfish, and represents a major threat to human health worldwide. this bacterium harbors two main virulence factors: the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh). additionally, various serotypes have been identified. the extensive use of antibiotics is a contributing factor to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial-resistant v. paraha ...201627148231
environmental conditions associated with elevated vibrio parahaemolyticus concentrations in great bay estuary, new hampshire.reports from state health departments and the centers for disease control and prevention indicate that the annual number of reported human vibriosis cases in new england has increased in the past decade. concurrently, there has been a shift in both the spatial distribution and seasonal detection of vibrio spp. throughout the region based on limited monitoring data. to determine environmental factors that may underlie these emerging conditions, this study focuses on a long-term database of vibrio ...201627144925
b-cell activating cpg odn 1668 enhance the immune response of pacific red snapper (lutjanus peru) exposed to vibrio parahaemolitycus.b-class cpg odn 1668 is known to possess clear immunostimulatory properties. in this study, we investigated the potential ability of cpg odn 1668 to enhance the immune response of pacific red snapper exposed to vibrio parahaemolyticus. four different treatments were evaluated in pacific red snapper: (1) stimulatory cpg odn 1668, (2) stimulatory cpg odn 1668 and v. parahaemolyticus, (3) exposure only to v. parahaemolyticus and (4) pbs. samples were taken at 24, 72, 168 and 240 h of stimulation/in ...201627143535
incidence and prevalence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important seafood borne human pathogen worldwide due to it occurrence, prevalence and ability to cause gastrointestinal infections. this current study aim at investigating the incidence and prevalence of v. parahaemolyticus in seafood using systematic review-meta-analysis by exploring heterogeneity among primary studies. a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of peer reviewed primary studies reported between 2003 and 2015 for the occurrence and prevalen ...201627119068
metabolome response to temperature-induced virulence gene expression in two genotypes of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a main causative agent of serious human seafood-borne gastroenteritis disease. many researchers have investigated its pathogenesis by observing the alteration of its virulence factors in different conditions. it was previously known that culture conditions will influence the gene expression and the metabolic profile of v. parahaemolyticus, but little attention has been paid on the relationship between them. in this study, for the first time, the metabolomics response i ...201627113578
molecular characterizations of vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood from the black sea, turkey.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium that is considered as one of the major causes of bacterial food-borne outbreaks at a global scale. a total of 114 samples including mussel (n = 42), seawater (n = 22) and fish (n = 50) samples were collected and subjected to investigation. vibrio parahaemolyticus was detected in 45 (39%) of 114 samples with an occurrence in mussel, seawater and fish samples of 76, 40·9 and 8% respectively. a total of 96 isolates were positive for the species-specific ...201627107401
the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (trh) gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus: sequence variation and implications for detection and function.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of bacterial food-related illness associated with the consumption of undercooked seafood. only a small subset of strains is pathogenic. most clinical strains encode for the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and/or the tdh-related hemolysin (trh). in this work, we amplify and sequence the trh gene from over 80 trh+strains of this bacterium and identify thirteen genetically distinct alleles, most of which have not been deposited in genbank previously. s ...201627094247
antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fresh shrimps in shanghai fish markets, china.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a causative agent of human serious seafood-borne gastroenteritis disease and even death. shrimps, often eaten raw or undercooked, are an important reservoir of the bacterium. in this study, we isolated and characterized a total of 400 v. parahaemolyticus strains from commonly consumed fresh shrimps (litopenaeus vannamei, macrobrachium rosenbergii, penaeus monodon, and exopalaemon carinicauda) in shanghai fish markets, china in 2013-2014. the results revealed an extreme ...201627083906
draft genome sequence of an environmental trh+ vibrio parahaemolyticus k23 strain isolated from kerala, india.vibrio parahaemolyticusis the leading cause of seafood-related gastroenteritis. here, we report the draft genome sequence of atrh(+)strain,v. parahaemolyticusk23, isolated from seafood. the sequence will be useful for comparative analysis between environmental and clinical isolates ofv. parahaemolyticus.201627081143
immunoproteomic approach for screening vaccine candidates from bacterial outer membrane proteins.outer membrane proteins (omps) are unique to gram-negative bacteria and have been revealed as potential vaccine candidates for conferring protection against infections in recent years. immunoproteomics is a powerful technique that is ideally suited to screen and identify potential vaccine candidates. this chapter presents a brief outline of the screening of immunogenic omps from vibrio parahaemolyticus by an immunoproteomic strategy that was based on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) and im ...201627076320
complete genome sequence of vibrio parahaemolyticus forc_023 isolated from raw fish storage water.vibrio parahaemolyticusis a gram-negative halophilic bacterium that causes food-borne gastroenteritis in humans who consumev. parahaemolyticus-contaminated seafood.the forc_023 strain was isolated from raw fish storage water, containing live fish at a sashimi restaurant. here, we aimed to sequence and characterize the genome of the forc_023 strain. the genome of the forc_023 strain showed two circular chromosomes, which contained 4227 open reading frames (orfs), 131 trna genes and 37 rrna genes. ...201627073252
major tdh(+)vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype changes temporally in the bay of bengal estuary of bangladesh.vibrio parahaemolyticus is responsible for seafood-related gastroenteritis worldwide. in bangladesh, diarrhea is endemic and diarrheagenic v. parahaemolyticus serotypes occur naturally in the coastal and estuarine aquatic environment. v. parahaemolyticus strains, isolated from estuarine surface water of the bay of bengal villages of bangladesh during 2006-2008, were tested for the presence of virulence and pandemic-marker genes, serodiversity, and phylogenetic relatedness. pcr analysis of v. par ...201627063395
occurrence of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in crustacean shellfishes in coastal parts of eastern india.the objective of the study was to isolate and characterize pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus from crustacean shellfishes (crab and shrimp) commonly retailed in coastal parts of eastern india.201627057121
antibiotic resistance of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in various countries: a review.vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus are the leading causes of seafood associated infections and mortality in the united states. the main syndromes caused by these pathogens are gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia. this article reviewed the antibiotic resistance profile of v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus in the united states and other countries including italy, brazil, philippines, malaysia, thailand, china, india, iran, south africa and australia. the awareness of a ...201627052711
combined treatment of uva irradiation and antibiotics induces greater bactericidal effects on vibrio parahaemolyticus.the presence of antibiotics in the environment and their subsequent impact on the development of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria has raised concerns globally. consequently, much research is focused on a method to produce a better disinfectant. we have established a disinfectant system using uva-led that inactivates pathogenic bacteria. we assessed the bactericidal efficiency of a combination of uva-led and antibiotics against vibrio parahaemolyticus. combined use of antibiotic drugs and uva ...201627040055
dietary pyridoxine protects against stress and maintains immunohaematological status in chanos chanos exposed to endosulfan.the amelioration effect of water-soluble vitamin pyridoxine against stress was evaluated in milkfish, chanos chanos exposed to endosulfan. two hundred and twenty-five fish were distributed randomly into five treatments, each with three replicates. four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with graded levels of pyridoxine feed were as follows: normal water and fed with control diet (en0/py0); endosulfan-treated water and fed with control diet (en/py0); and endosulfan-treated water and fed with 50 ...201627038044
molecular epidemiology of selected infectious diseases caused by bacteria in juveniles and post-larvae of the white shrimp penaeus vannamei from the north-western coast of mexico. 201627037647
cloning, identification and functional analysis of a β-catenin homologue from pacific white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei.wnt signaling is known to control multiple of cellular processes such as cell differentiation, communication, apoptosis and proliferation, and is also reported to play a role during microbial infection. β-catenin is a key regulator of the wnt signaling cascade. in the present study, we cloned and identified a β-catenin homologue from litopenaeus vannamei termed lvβ-catenin. the full-length of lvβ-catenin transcript was 2797 bp in length within a 2451 bp open reading frame (orf) that encoded a pr ...201627036405
the master quorum-sensing regulator opar is activated indirectly by h-ns in vibrio parahaemolyticus.apha and opar are the master regulators of quorum sensing in vibrio parahaemolyticus and there is reciprocal negative regulation between apha and opar. the histone-like nucleoid structure (h-ns) protein is a global transcriptional repressor of horizontally transferred genes, but a few prokaryotic genes, for example flagella genes, are stimulated by h-ns. the regulation of opar by h-ns was investigated using the following methods: primer extension, lacz fusion, quantitative rt-pcr, and electropho ...201627025725
a nonautochthonous u.s. strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from chesapeake bay oysters caused the outbreak in maryland in 2010.in the summer of 2010, vibrio parahaemolyticus caused an outbreak in maryland linked to the consumption of oysters. strains isolated from both stool and oyster samples were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). however, the oysters contained other potentially pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus strains exhibiting different pfge patterns. in order to assess the identity, genetic makeup, relatedness, and potential pathogenicity of the v. parahaemolyticus strains, we sequenced 11 ...201626994080
function of gc1qr in innate immunity of chinese mitten crab, eriocheir sinensis.gc1qr is identified as the globular "head" binding protein of the c1q protein and performs an important function in innate immunity. a esgc1qr gene was identified from the hepatopancreas of eriocheir sinensis. esgc1qr encodes a protein with 275 amino acids. phylogenetic analysis showed that, together with crustaceans gc1qrs, esgc1qr belongs to one group. esgc1qr mrna was detected in hemocytes, intestine, hepatopancreas, gills, eyestalk, heart, muscle, and nerve. the expression of the esgc1qr tra ...201626993663
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