Publications

lipopopeptidephosphoglycan from entamoeba histolytica activates human macrophages and dendritic cells and reaches their late endosomes.	lipopopeptidephosphoglycan (lppg) is a complex macromolecule from the surface of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. we analysed the interaction between lppg and human macrophages and dendritic cells (dcs) and found that lppg is internalized by these cells and activates them. the internalization process involves intracellular traffic from the cell membrane to late endosomes, as shown by co-localization of lppg with late endosomes marked with fitc-dextran and lamp-1. lppg-activated dcs have incre ...	2007	17727570
molecular and functional characterization of ehpak3, a p21 activated kinase from entamoeba histolytica.	p21-activated kinases (paks) are a family of serine/threonine kinases whose activity is regulated by the binding of the small rho family gtpases as well as by rhogtpase independent mechanisms. paks have wide-ranging functions which include cytoskeletal organisation, cell motility, cell proliferation and survival. we have identified a pak from entamoeba histolytica - ehpak3 that is distributed in the cytoplasm of unstimulated cells and localizes to the caps after induction of capping with concana ...	2007	17761392
identification and biochemical characterization of unique secretory nucleases of the human enteric pathogen, entamoeba histolytica.	the ancient eukaryotic human pathogen, entamoeba histolytica, is a nucleo-base auxotroph (i.e. lacks the ability to synthesize purines or pyrimidines de novo) and therefore is totally dependent upon its host for the supply of these essential nutrients. in this study, we identified two unique 28-kda, dithiothreitol-sensitive nucleases and showed that they are constitutively released/secreted by parasites during axenic culture. using several different molecular approaches, we identified and charac ...	2007	17766245
transcriptional gene silencing reveals two distinct groups of entamoeba histolytica gal/galnac-lectin light subunits.	the entamoeba histolytica cell surface gal/galnac-inhibitable lectin is a heterodimer between a heavy (170 kda) subunit linked via a disulfide bond to a light (31 to 35 kda) subunit. five light subunit genes with high homology have been identified (ehlgl1 to -5). we have previously shown that silencing of the expression of ehlgl1, in the g3 trophozoites which had already been silenced in the amoebapore gene (ehap-a), also suppressed the transcription of ehlgl2 and -3 (strain rbv). the total abse ...	2007	17766462
amoebiasis: current status in australia.		2007	17874993
parasitic infections among orang asli (aborigine) in the cameron highlands, malaysia.	in april 2004, an outbreak of acute diarrheal illness occurred among the orang asli (aborigine) in the cameron highlands, pahang state, peninsular malaysia, where rotavirus was later implicated as the cause. in the course of the epidemic investigation, stool samples were collected and examined for infectious agents including parasites. soil transmitted helminthes (sth), namely ascaris lumbricoides (25.7%), trichuris trichiura (31.1%) and hookworm (8.1%), and intestinal protozoa, which included g ...	2007	17877212
pressure and denaturants in the unfolding of triosephosphate isomerase: the monomeric intermediates of the enzymes from saccharomyces cerevisiae and entamoeba histolytica.	triosephosphate isomerase (tim) is a dimeric enzyme formed by two identical (beta/alpha)8 barrels. in this work, we compare the unfolding and refolding of the tims from entamoeba histolytica (ehtim) and baker's yeast (ytim). a monomeric intermediate was detected in the gdnhcl-induced unfolding of ehtim. the thermodynamic, spectroscopic, catalytic, and hydrodynamic properties of this intermediate were found to be very similar to those previously described for a monomeric intermediate of ytim obse ...	2007	17595057
the evolution of n-glycan-dependent endoplasmic reticulum quality control factors for glycoprotein folding and degradation.	asn-linked glycans (n-glycans) play important roles in the quality control (qc) of glycoprotein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) lumen and in er-associated degradation (erad) of proteins by cytosolic proteasomes. a udp-glc:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase glucosylates n-glycans of misfolded proteins, which are then bound and refolded by calreticulin and/or calnexin in association with a protein disulfide isomerase. alternatively, an alpha-1,2-mannosidase (mns1) and mannosidase-like prot ...	2007	17606910
trichostatin a effects on gene expression in the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica.	histone modification regulates chromatin structure and influences gene expression associated with diverse biological functions including cellular differentiation, cancer, maintenance of genome architecture, and pathogen virulence. in entamoeba, a deep-branching eukaryote, short chain fatty acids (scfa) affect histone acetylation and parasite development. additionally, a number of active histone modifying enzymes have been identified in the parasite genome. however, the overall extent of gene reg ...	2007	17612405
intron length distributions and gene prediction.	accurate gene prediction in eukaryotes is a difficult and subtle problem. here we point out a useful feature of expected distributions of spliceosomal intron lengths. since introns are removed from transcripts prior to translation, intron lengths are not expected to respect coding frame, thus the number of genomic introns that are a multiple of three bases ('3n introns') should be similar to the number that are a multiple of three plus one bases (or plus two bases). skewed predicted intron lengt ...	2007	17617639
intranasal immunization with gal-inhibitable lectin plus an adjuvant of cpg oligodeoxynucleotides protects against entamoeba histolytica challenge.	the development of an effective amebiasis vaccine could improve child health in the developing world, reducing cases of amebic colitis and liver abscess. an ideal vaccine would be comprised of a well-characterized parasite antigen and an adjuvant, which would have high potency while driving the immune response in a th1 direction. this study describes a mucosal vaccine composed of the entamoeba histolytica galactose/n-acetyl-d-galactosamine-inhibitable lectin (gal-lectin) and cpg oligodeoxynucleo ...	2007	17620349
the use of the antifungal agent miconazole as an inhibitor of blastocystis hominis growth in entamoeba histolytica/e. dispar cultures.	in regions with high prevalence, blastocystis hominis is frequently found in association with entamoeba histolytica/e. dispar in xenic cultures. its exacerbated growth is often superimposed on the growth of amebas, thus impeding the continuation of the amebas in the culture, within a few generations. the present study reports on the excellent efficacy (100%) of the antifungal agent miconazole in eliminating b. hominis from cultures of e. histolytica/e. dispar, thereby maintaining the integrity o ...	2007	17625701
ehlima, a novel lim protein, localizes to the plasma membrane in entamoeba histolytica.	the parasitic protozoan entamoeba histolytica relies on a very dynamic cytoskeleton in order to invade and survive in host tissues. identification of cytoskeletal elements is key to understanding these processes. here we present the characterization of ehlima, the first lim protein of e. histolytica. ehlima consists of a single lim domain at its n terminus and exhibits the highest degree of homology with ddlime from dictyostelium discoideum. immunofluorescence localization of ehlima using anti-e ...	2007	17630327
laboratory diagnostic techniques for entamoeba species.	the genus entamoeba contains many species, six of which (entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar, entamoeba moshkovskii, entamoeba polecki, entamoeba coli, and entamoeba hartmanni) reside in the human intestinal lumen. entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis and is considered a leading parasitic cause of death worldwide in humans. although recent studies highlight the recovery of e. dispar and e. moshkovskii from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, there is still no convin ...	2007	17630338
diarrhoea-associated parasites in hiv-1 seropositive and sero-negative patients in a teaching hospital, northwest ethiopia.	to determine the prevalence and type of intestinal parasites in hiv infected and uninfected patients with diarrhea.	2007	17642173
diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli and other causes of childhood diarrhoea: a case-control study in children living in a wastewater-use area in hanoi, vietnam.	a case-control study was conducted to identify the aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases in pre-school children in a suburban area of hanoi where the use of untreated wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture is a common practice. stool specimens and clinical information were collected from 111 pairs of children with diarrhoea and healthy controls. a total of 73 cases (66 %) and 41 controls (36 %) had an enteric pathogen. the pathogens most often associated with diarrhoea were rotavirus (17 % of case ...	2007	17644717
detection of cryptosporidium spp and other intestinal parasites in children with acute diarrhea and severe dehydration in rio de janeiro.	the objective of the present study was to estimate the frequency of infection by cryptosporidium spp and other intestinal parasites in dehydrated children with gastroenteritis who were admitted to a pediatric hospital. stool examinations from 218 children were performed. cryptosporidium spp was identified in eighteen out of 193 stool samples (9.3%) subjected to safranin-methylene blue staining. giardia lamblia was detected in ten out of 213 (4.7%) samples examined via the direct or ritchie metho ...	2007	17653475
non-biting cyclorrhaphan flies (diptera) as carriers of intestinal human parasites in slum areas of addis ababa, ethiopia.	a study was conducted to determine the role of non-biting cyclorrhaphan flies as carriers of intestinal parasites in slum areas of addis ababa from january 2004 to june 2004. a total of 9550 flies, comprising of at least seven species were collected from four selected sites and examined for human intestinal parasites using the formol-ether concentration method. the dominant fly species was chrysomya rufifacies (34.9%) followed by musca domestica (31%), musca sorbens (20.5.%), lucina cuprina (6.8 ...	2007	17658447
nitazoxanide in the treatment of amoebiasis.	amoebiasis is a significant cause of morbidity worldwide and is the third leading cause of death from parasitic diseases. this study evaluated nitazoxanide, a thiazolide anti-infective, in the treatment of intestinal and hepatic amoebiasis. prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were conducted in outpatients with intestinal amoebiasis from the nile delta of egypt. nitazoxanide was administered twice daily for 3 days at doses of 500mg (age > or =12 years), 200mg (age 4- ...	2007	17658567
[confirmation by pcr of the existence in tunisia of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar].	amibias are illness in tunisia diagnosed until now on the sole basis of the morphological aspects of the parasite. our aim is to report the first tunisian results concerning the molecular identification of e. histolytica/e. dispar,	2007	17668576
computational study of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of entamoeba histolytica: implications for structure-based drug design.	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of the pathogenic protozoa entamoeba histolytica (eh) is a major glycolytic enzyme and an attractive drug target since this parasite lacks a functional citric acid cycle and is dependent solely on glycolysis for its energy requirements. the three-dimensional structure of dimeric ehgapdh in complex with cofactor nad(+) has been generated by homology modeling based on the crystal structure of human liver gapdh. our refined model indicates the presen ...	2007	17676935
nitroimidazole action in entamoeba histolytica: a central role for thioredoxin reductase.	metronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole drug, has been the gold standard for several decades in the treatment of infections with microaerophilic protist parasites, including entamoeba histolytica. for activation, the drug must be chemically reduced, but little is known about the targets of the active metabolites. applying two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we searched for protein targets in e. histolytica. of all proteins visualized, only five were found to form adducts with me ...	2007	17676992
comparison of multiplex-pcr and antigen detection for differential diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica.	amebiasis is an infection caused by entamoeba histolytica. however, differentiation between e. histolytica and entamoeba dispar, which are morphologically identical species, is essential for treatment decision, precaution of the invasive disease and public health. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate a multiplex -pcr for detection and differentiation of e. histolytica from e. dispar from fresh stool samples in comparison with the coproantigen commercial elisa. microscopic examination ...	2007	17684641
energetics of the native energy landscape of a two-domain calcium sensor protein: distinct folding features of the two domains.	the protein folding energy landscape allows a thorough understanding of the protein folding problem which in turn helps in understanding various aspects of biological functions. characterizing the cooperative unfolding units and the intermediates along the folding funnel of a protein is a challenging task. in this paper, we investigated the native energy landscape of ehcabp, a calcium sensor, belonging to the same ef-hand superfamily as calmodulin. ehcabp is a two-domain ef-hand protein consisti ...	2007	17685557
[autochthonous amebic liver abscess: microbiological diagnosis by pcr].		2007	17692221
diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis by using nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.	microscopy is unreliable to distinguish the pathogenic entamoeba histolytica from the nonpathogenic entamoeba dispar or entamoeba moshkovskii in stool specimens.	2007	17701126
crosstalk at the initial encounter: interplay between host defense and ameba survival strategies.	the host-parasite relationship is based on a series of interplays between host defense mechanisms and parasite survival strategies. progress has been made in understanding the role of host immune response in amebiasis. while host cells elaborate diverse mechanisms for pathogen expulsion, amebae have also developed complex strategies to modulate host immune response and facilitate their own survival. this paper will give an overview of current research on the mutual interactions between host and ...	2007	17702556
novel structural and functional findings of the ehfln protein from entamoeba histolytica.	the ehfln protein (previously known as ehabp-120) is the first filamin to be identified in the parasitic protozoan entamoeba histolytica. filamins are a family of cross-linking actin-binding proteins that organize filamentous actin in networks and stress fibers. it has been reported that filamins of different organisms directly interact with more than 30 cellular proteins and some ppis. the biochemical consequences of such interactions may have either positive or negative effects on the cross-li ...	2007	17705278
signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulates mechanotaxis induced by local low magnetic forces in entamoeba histolytica.	in micro-organisms, as well as in metazoan cells, cellular polarization and directed migration are finely regulated by external stimuli, including mechanical stresses. the mechanisms sustaining the transduction of such external stresses into intracellular biochemical signals remain mainly unknown. using an external magnetic tip, we generated a magnetic field gradient that allows migration analysis of cells submitted to local low-intensity magnetic forces (50 pn). we applied our system to the amo ...	2007	16406381
acetylation of the entamoeba histone h4 n-terminal domain is influenced by short-chain fatty acids that enter trophozoites in a ph-dependent manner.	treatment of higher eukaryotic cells with short-chain fatty acids (scfa) such as butyrate causes decreased levels of histone deacetylase (hdac) activity and hyperacetylation of histones, and thereby affects gene expression, cell growth and differentiation. entamoeba parasites encounter high levels of scfa in the host colon, and in vitro these compounds allow trophozoite stage parasites to multiply but prevent their differentiation into infectious cysts. the entamoeba invadens ip-1 histone h4 pro ...	2008	17706222
molecular modeling on pyruvate phosphate dikinase of entamoeba histolytica and in silico virtual screening for novel inhibitors.	pyruvate phosphate dikinase (ppdk) is the key enzyme essential for the glycolytic pathway in most common and perilous parasite entamoeba histolytica. inhibiting the function of this enzyme could control the wide spread of intestinal infections caused by entamoeba histolytica in humans. with this objective, we modeled the three dimensional structure of the ppdk protein. we used templates with 51% identity and 67% similarity to employ homology-modeling approach. stereo chemical quality of protein ...	2008	17710553
the lysine- and glutamic acid-rich protein kerp1 plays a role in entamoeba histolytica liver abscess pathogenesis.	the parasite entamoeba histolytica colonizes the large bowel where it may persist as an asymptomatic luminal gut infection, which changes to virulence. parasite invasion of the intestine leads to dysentery and spreads to the liver, where amoebae form abscesses. we took advantage of changes in virulence that occurs after long-term in vitro culture of e. histolytica strains. using microarrays, we concluded that virulence correlates with upregulation of key genes involved in stress response, includ ...	2008	17711481
forest fragmentation, the decline of an endangered primate, and changes in host-parasite interactions relative to an unfragmented forest.	forest fragmentation may alter host-parasite interactions in ways that contribute to host population declines. we tested this prediction by examining parasite infections and the abundance of infective helminths in 20 forest fragments and in unfragmented forest in kibale national park, uganda. over 4 years, the endangered red colobus (procolobus rufomitratus) declined by 20% in fragments, whereas the black-and-white colobus (colobus guereza) in fragments and populations of both colobines in unfra ...	2008	17879941
entamoeba histolytica mitosomes: organelles in search of a function.	it has been more than eight years since the discovery of mitosomes (mitochondrial remnant organelles) in the intestinal human pathogen entamoeba histolytica. despite detailed knowledge about the biochemistry of this parasite and the completion of the e. histolytica genome sequencing project no physiological function has yet been unequivocally assigned to these organelles. entamoeba mitosomes seem to be the most degenerate of all endosymbiosis-derived organelles studied to date. they do not appea ...	2008	17880942
entamoeba histolytica: fibrilar aggregates in dividing trophozoites.	entamoeba histolytica trophozoite cytokinesis is dependent upon cytoskeletal elements such as filamentous actin and myosin. here we present confocal and transmission electron microscopy studies of this process. a sequence in the formation of the contractile ring was shown with rhodamine-phalloidine staining. ultrastructural analysis revealed the presence of fibrilar aggregates in the cytoplasm of dividing trophozoites. among them two filaments of different diameter were identified. these aggrega ...	2008	17870071
intestinal parasitism and vibrio cholerae infection among diarrhoeal patients in kolkata, india.	in this study, we have analysed the epidemiological significance of the concurrent infections caused by vibrio cholerae and intestinal parasites among different age groups of hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in kolkata. a total of 3556 stool samples collected during 1996-2004 were screened for vibrios and parasites. the seasonality of v. cholerae and parasitic infections were studied in detail. the detection rates for ascaris lumbricoides and giardia lamblia infection were more than for the hook ...	2008	17594735
entamoeba histolytica phagocytosis of human erythrocytes involves patmk, a member of the transmembrane kinase family.	entamoeba histolytica is the cause of amebic colitis and liver abscess. this parasite induces apoptosis in host cells and utilizes exposed ligands such as phosphatidylserine to ingest the apoptotic corpses and invade deeper into host tissue. the purpose of this work was to identify amebic proteins involved in the recognition and ingestion of dead cells. a member of the transmembrane kinase family, phagosome-associated tmk96 (patmk), was identified in a proteomic screen for early phagosomal prote ...	2008	18208324
trichostatin a regulates peroxiredoxin expression and virulence of the parasite entamoeba histolytica.	histone deacetylation is associated with a repressed chromatin state, and histone acetylase and deacetylase activities have been previously described in entamoeba histolytica. to investigate their roles in the control of entamoeba gene expression, the parasite was grown in 50 nm trichostatin a (tsa), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase. tsa enhanced the cytopathic and hemolytic activity of the parasite and its resistance to oxidative stress. we first focused our attention on peroxiredoxin, a pro ...	2008	18191469
evaluation of faecal occult blood test and lactoferrin latex agglutination test in screening hospitalized patients for diagnosing inflammatory and non-inflammatory diarrhoea in dhaka, bangladesh.	inflammatory diarrhoea (id) resulting from shigella, salmonella, campylobacter and entamoeba histolytica requires specific diagnosis for therapy. differentiation between id and non-inflammatory diarrhoea (nid) is often not clinically possible. a faecal occult blood test (fobt) correlates with faecal leucocytes. lactoferrin indicates an inflammatory process as a marker for faecal leucocytes. we evaluated diagnostic values of lactoferrin latex agglutination test (lt) either alone or in combination ...	2008	18196900
kinetic characterization of methionine gamma-lyases from the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica against physiological substrates and trifluoromethionine, a promising lead compound against amoebiasis.	methionine gamma-lyase (mgl) (ec 4.4.1.11), which is present in certain lineages of bacteria, plants, and protozoa but missing in mammals, catalyzes the single-step degradation of sulfur-containing amino acids (saas) to alpha-keto acids, ammonia, and thiol compounds. in contrast to other organisms possessing mgl, anaerobic parasitic protists, namely entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis, harbor a pair of mgl isozymes. the enteric protozoon en. histolytica shows various unique aspects i ...	2008	18199285
the cys-asn-ser carboxyl-terminal end group is the pharmacophore of the amebic anti-inflammatory monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (mlif).	the monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (mlif) is an anti-inflammatory oligopeptide produced by entamoeba histolytica. among its different effects, it inhibits locomotion of human monocytes, hence its original name. previous experimental studies have shown that the anti-inflammatory properties of mlif (met-gln-cys-asn-ser) remained when aminoacid glutamine was substituted by a proline in the second position (pmlif: met-pro-cys-asn-ser). by changing the order of mlif amino acids, the resulting ...	2008	18180049
shouldering a burden.		2008	18187066
entamoeba histolytica: cyst-like structures in vitro induction.	the cyst of entamoeba histolytica is responsible for amebiasis infection. however, no axenic in vitro system exists that promotes mass encystation for studying this process of this human-infecting parasite. cyst-like structures of e. histolytica obtained in this work were induced using tyi-s-33 media in combination with enterobacterias escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis conditioned media, high co2 tension and histamine. cyst-like structures showed the same characteristics of a typical e. ...	2008	18083165
participation of the serine-rich entamoeba histolytica protein in amebic phagocytosis of apoptotic host cells.	entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal ameba that causes dysentery and liver abscesses. cytotoxicity and phagocytosis of host cells characterize invasive e. histolytica infection. prior to phagocytosis of host cells, e. histolytica induces apoptotic host cell death, using a mechanism that requires contact via an amebic galactose-specific lectin. however, lectin inhibition only partially blocks phagocytosis of already dead cells, implicating at least one additional receptor in phagocytosis. to id ...	2008	18086807
syntheses and evaluation of 3-(3-bromo phenyl)-5-phenyl-1-(thiazolo [4,5-b] quinoxaline-2-yl)-2-pyrazoline derivatives.	a variety of 3-(3-bromo phenyl)-5-phenyl-1-(thiazolo [4,5-b] quinoxaline-2-yl)-2-pyrazoline were obtained by the refluxing of 1-n-thiocarbamoyl 3,5-diphenyl-2-pyrazoline with 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline. the chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by uv, ir, (1)h nmr, and (13)c nmr spectroscopy. the purity of the compounds was confirmed by their elemental analysis. the antiamoebic activity of these compounds was evaluated by microdilution method against hmi:imss strain of entamoeba hist ...	2008	18068273
the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone calreticulin is recruited to the uropod during capping of surface receptors in entamoeba histolytica.	calreticulin (crt), an intracellular chaperone protein, is crucial for proper folding and transport of proteins through the endoplasmic reticulum (er). it has recently been identified as a critical regulator of some several different cellular functions such as migration, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cytotoxic t lymphocyte- or natural killer cell-mediated lysis. characterization of crt isolated from parasites may thus help to decipher the contribution of this protein in the parasites' biol ...	2008	18160113
in silico identification of the protein disulfide isomerase family from a protozoan parasite.	protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) enzymes are eukaryotic oxidoreductases that catalyze the correct formation of disulfide bonds during protein folding. structurally they are characterized by the presence of functional thioredoxin-like (trx) domains. for the protozoan parasite causative of the human amebiasis (entamoeba histolytica), the correct formation of disulfide bonds is important for an accurate folding of its proteins, including some virulence factors. however, little is known about the e ...	2008	17981509
protozoadb: dynamic visualization and exploration of protozoan genomes.	protozoadb (http://www.biowebdb.org/protozoadb) is being developed to initially host both genomics and post-genomics data from plasmodium falciparum, entamoeba histolytica, trypanosoma brucei, t. cruzi and leishmania major, but will hopefully host other protozoan species as more genomes are sequenced. it is based on the genomics unified schema and offers a modern web-based interface for user-friendly data visualization and exploration. this database is not intended to duplicate other similar eff ...	2008	17981844
toll-like receptor 9-dependent macrophage activation by entamoeba histolytica dna.	activation of the innate immune system by bacterial dna and dna of other invertebrates represents a pathogen recognition mechanism. in this study we investigated macrophage responses to dna from the intestinal protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. e. histolytica genomic dna was purified from log-phase trophozoites and tested with the mouse macrophage cell line raw 264.7. raw cells treated with e. histolytica dna demonstrated an increase in levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) mr ...	2008	17984204
entamoeba moshkovskii infections in sydney, australia.	entamoeba moshkovskii is considered to be a free-living ameba, which is morphologically similar, but biochemically and genetically different, to entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar. however, recent studies have suggested that e. moshkovskii may be a "potential" pathogen, with infections giving rise to diarrhea and other intestinal disorders. microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the 18s ribosomal (r) dna was performed on fecal samples collected from patients presenting ...	2008	17957394
patterns of evolution in the unique trna gene arrays of the genus entamoeba.	genome sequencing of the protistan parasite entamoeba histolytica hm-1:imss revealed that almost all the trna genes are organized into tandem arrays that make up over 10% of the genome. the 25 distinct array units contain up to 5 trna genes each and some also encode the 5s rna. between adjacent genes in array units are complex short tandem repeats (strs) resembling microsatellites. to investigate the origins and evolution of this unique gene organization, we have undertaken a genome survey to de ...	2008	17974548
differential native state ruggedness of the two ca2+-binding domains in a ca2+ sensor protein.	characterization of near-native excited states of a protein provides insights into various biological functions such as co-operativity, protein-ligand, and protein-protein interactions. in the present study, we investigated the ruggedness of the native state of ehcabp using nonlinear temperature dependence of backbone amide-proton chemical shifts. ehcabp is a two-domain ef-hand calcium sensor protein consisting of two ef-hands in each domain and binds four ca2+ ions. it has been observed that ap ...	2008	17912755
inhibitors of escherichia coli serine acetyltransferase block proliferation of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.	the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica is the etiologic agent of amebiasis, a major global public health problem, particularly in developing countries. there is an effective anti-amoebic drug available, however its long term use produces undesirable side effects. as e. histolytica is a micro-aerophilic organism, it is sensitive to high levels of oxygen and the enzymes that are involved in protecting against oxygen-stress are crucial for its survival. therefore serine acetyltransferase, an ...	2008	17991467
analysis of the protein kinome of entamoeba histolytica.	protein kinases play important roles in almost all major signaling and regulatory pathways of eukaryotic organisms. members in the family of protein kinases make up a substantial fraction of eukaryotic proteome. analysis of the protein kinase repertoire (kinome) would help in the better understanding of the regulatory processes. in this article, we report the identification and analysis of the repertoire of protein kinases in the intracellular parasite entamoeba histolytica. using a combination ...	2008	18004777
hepatic and inferior vena caval thrombosis: vascular complication of amebic liver abscess.	although amebic liver abscess is a common disease, it is a rare cause of venous thrombosis. computed tomography (ct) scan is an ideal tool for diagnosing the various complications associated with liver abscess. we describe a case of amebic liver abscess in a patient who developed a rare vascular complication of hepatic vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis.	2008	18022781
entamoeba histolytica: genetic diversity of african strains based on the polymorphism of the serine-rich protein gene.	the polymorphism of the serine-rich entamoeba histolytica protein (srehp) among isolates obtained from different geographic regions was analyzed by a nested pcr followed by restriction analysis. thirteen different profiles were generated from 23 e. histolytica isolates from cameroon, zimbabwe and south africa while 20 others were generated from 38 e. histolytica pcr positive stool samples from south africa. one of the profiles was common to isolates from cameroon, zimbabwe and south africa and c ...	2008	18028911
comparative genomics of transcription factors and chromatin proteins in parasitic protists and other eukaryotes.	comparative genomics of parasitic protists and their free-living relatives are profoundly impacting our understanding of the regulatory systems involved in transcription and chromatin dynamics. while some parts of these systems are highly conserved, other parts are rapidly evolving, thereby providing the molecular basis for the variety in the regulatory adaptations of eukaryotes. the gross number of specific transcription factors and chromatin proteins are positively correlated with proteome siz ...	2008	17949725
autophagy during proliferation and encystation in the protozoan parasite entamoeba invadens.	autophagy is one of the three systems responsible for the degradation of cytosolic proteins and organelles. autophagy has been implicated in the stress response to starvation, antigen cross-presentation, the defense against invading bacteria and viruses, differentiation, and development. saccharomyces cerevisiae atg8 and its mammalian ortholog, lc3, play an essential role in autophagy. the intestinal protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica and a related reptilian species, entamoeba invadens, po ...	2008	17923513
an epitope-specific pcr test for diagnosis of leishmania donovani infections.	the carboxy-terminal region of recombinant heat shock protein 70 of leishmania donovani has been shown to have an immunodominant epitope. we designed a pcr assay using a new set of primers encompassing the gene sequence from 457bp to 927bp, which amplified a segment of the l. donovani genome in a species-specific manner. the assay was sensitive enough to detect 0.5pg of parasite dna, which increased 10-fold (0.05pg) when an internal probe (583-609bp) was used in the southern blot. the assay was ...	2008	17888473
progress and prospects of gene inactivation in entamoeba histolytica.	over the last few years, numerous methods have been exploited in the attempt to study entamoeba histolytica gene functions. yet several features of e. histolytica, like their variable dna content and complex ploidity have made it difficult to perform classical genetic studies such as homologous recombination. as a result, the methods currently in use target genes at the protein or rna level. this review summarizes the experimental approaches that have been used to date and it provides an overvie ...	2008	17889851
attenuated recombinant yersinia as live oral vaccine carrier to protect against amoebiasis.	various attenuated yersinia enterocolitica strains expressing different sections of the entamoeba histolytica surface lectin via the type iii protein secretion system (t3ss) were assessed for their use to orally vaccinate rodents against invasive amoebiasis. the t3ss was found to efficiently express and secrete or translocate subfragments as well as the entire heavy subunit of the lectin. oral vaccination with recombinant yersinia conferred significant protection against amoebic liver abscess fo ...	2008	17900982
novel pd(ii) complexes of 1-n-substituted 3-phenyl-2-pyrazoline derivatives and evaluation of antiamoebic activity.	cyclization of mannich base with n(4)-substituted thiosemicarbazides by different aliphatic, aromatic and cyclic amines afforded a series of new 1-n-substituted cyclised pyrazoline analogues of thiosemicarbazones (pyz-tsc) 1-10. reaction of [pd(dmso)(2)cl(2)] with pyrazoline derivatives led to new palladium(ii) complexes [pd(pyz-tsc)cl(2)] 1a-10a. the structures of all the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. it was concluded that the pyrazoline thiosemicarbazone derivatives ha ...	2008	17513021
diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica in symptomatic children, jeddah city, saudi arabia.	amebiasis is one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide. entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar are two morphologically indistinguishable human protozoa parasites that are genetically distinct species. differential diagnosis of e. histolytica (pathogenic) and e. dispar (non-pathogenic) is essential both for treatment decision and public health knowledge. stool samples from 500 randomly selected children complaining of gastroenteritis were examined microscopically by direct wet sme ...	2008	20306672
molecular differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar from tunisian food handlers with amoeba infection initially diagnosed by microscopy.	the purpose of the study was to obtain more reliable epidemiological data concerning entamoeba (e.) histolytica infection in tunisian food handlers using established molecular tools able to differentiate e. histolytica from e. dispar. from 2002 to 2005, 4,266 fresh stools specimens received in the setting of the national program of food handlers' control were analysed by optical microscopy. twelve (2.8 per thousand) were positive for the presence of four nuclei cysts identified as e. histolytica ...	2008	18416248
unique asn-linked oligosaccharides of the human pathogen entamoeba histolytica.	n-glycans of entamoeba histolytica, the protist that causes amebic dysentery and liver abscess, are of great interest for multiple reasons. e. histolytica makes an unusual truncated n-glycan precursor (man(5)glcnac(2)), has few nucleotide sugar transporters, and has a surface that is capped by the lectin concanavalin a. here, biochemical and mass spectrometric methods were used to examine n-glycan biosynthesis and the final n-glycans of e. histolytica with the following conclusions. unprocessed ...	2008	18417475
evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection of cryptosporidium antigen in fecal specimens of hiv/aids patients.	cryptosporidium parvum, a protozoan parasite, causes severe diarrhea in immunodeficient hosts like hiv/aids patients, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. diagnosis of the cryptosporidium oocyst in the stool of these patients by conventional microscopy is labor intensive and time consuming. therefore, we planned to evaluate the usefulness of a stool elisa test in detecting cryptosporidial antigen. about 89 stool specimens obtained from hiv-seropositive patients with diarrhea were subj ...	2008	18417886
chemotaxis of entamoeba histolytica towards the pro-inflammatory cytokine tnf is based on pi3k signalling, cytoskeleton reorganization and the galactose/n-acetylgalactosamine lectin activity.	entamoeba histolytica is the protozoan parasite responsible for human amoebiasis. during invasive amoebiasis, migration is an essential process and it has previously been shown that the pro-inflammatory compound tumour necrosis factor (tnf) is produced and that it has a migratory effect on e. histolytica. this paper focuses on the analysis of parasite signalling and cytoskeleton changes leading to directional motility. tnf-induced signalling was pi3k-dependent and could lead to modifications in ...	2008	18419774
mpl1, a novel phosphatase with leucine-rich repeats, is essential for proper erk2 phosphorylation and cell motility.	the novel dictyostelium phosphatase mpl1 contains six leucine-rich repeats at the amino-terminal end and a phosphatase domain at the carboxyl end. similarly architectured phosphatases exist among other protozoa, such as entamoeba histolytica, leishmania major, and trypanosoma cruzi. mpl1 was strongly induced after 5 h of development; ablation by homologous recombination led to defective streaming and aggregation during development. in addition, cyclic amp (camp)-pulsed mpl1(-) cells showed reduc ...	2008	18408056
amoebic liver abscess or is it?		2008	18408101
transcriptional profile of the homologous recombination machinery and characterization of the ehrad51 recombinase in response to dna damage in entamoeba histolytica.	in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, homologous recombination is an accurate mechanism to generate genetic diversity, and it is also used to repair dna double strand-breaks. rad52 epistasis group genes involved in recombinational dna repair, including mre11, rad50, nsb1/xrs2, rad51, rad51c/rad57, rad51b/rad55, rad51d, xrcc2, xrcc3, rad52, rad54, rad54b/rdh54 and rad59 genes, have been studied in human and yeast cells. notably, the rad51 recombinase catalyses strand transfer between a broken dna ...	2008	18402694
immunolocalization and enzymatic functional characterization of the thioredoxin system in entamoeba histolytica.	the components of the redox metabolism in entamoeba histolytica have been recently revisited by arias et al. (free radic. biol. med. 42:1496-1505; 2007), after the identification and characterization of a thioredoxin-linked system. the present work deals with studies performed for a better understanding of the localization and identification of different components of the redox machinery present in the parasite. the gene encoding for amoebic thioredoxin 8 was cloned and the recombinant protein t ...	2008	18394433
tissue invasion by entamoeba histolytica: evidence of genetic selection and/or dna reorganization events in organ tropism.	entamoeba histolytica infection may have various clinical manifestations. nine out of ten e. histolytica infections remain asymptomatic, while the remainder become invasive and cause disease. the most common form of invasive infection is amebic diarrhea and colitis, whereas the most common extra-intestinal disease is amebic liver abscess. the underlying reasons for the different outcomes are unclear, but a recent study has shown that the parasite genotype is a contributor. to investigate this li ...	2008	18398490
antibody and cytokine responses in dracunculus medinensis patients at distinct states of infection.	dracunculiasis is a promising candidate for eradication, but transmission of dracunculus medinensis and recrudescence of the disease have been observed repeatedly. in the present investigation, the d. medinensis-specific cellular cytokine response profiles and the parasite-specific antibody subclass reactivity were evaluated in dracunculiasis patients at distinct states of infection. analysis of the cellular cytokine response in dracunculiasis patients disclosed a d. medinensis antigen-specific ...	2008	18258273
thermal stabilization of the protozoan entamoeba histolytica alcohol dehydrogenase by a single proline substitution.	analysis of the three-dimensional structures of two closely related thermophilic and hyperthermophilic alcohol dehydrogenases (adhs) from the respective microorganisms entamoeba histolytica (ehadh1) and thermoanaerobacter brockii (tbadh) suggested that a unique, strategically located proline residue (pro275) at the center of the dimerization interface might be crucial for maintaining the thermal stability of tbadh. to assess the contribution of pro275 to the thermal stability of the adhs, we app ...	2008	18260103
bioinformatics and functional analysis of an entamoeba histolytica mannosyltransferase necessary for parasite complement resistance and hepatical infection.	the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) moiety is one of the ways by which many cell surface proteins, such as gal/galnac lectin and proteophosphoglycans (ppgs) attach to the surface of entamoeba histolytica, the agent of human amoebiasis. it is believed that these gpi-anchored molecules are involved in parasite adhesion to cells, mucus and the extracellular matrix. we identified an e. histolytica homolog of pig-m, which is a mannosyltransferase required for synthesis of gpi. the sequence and str ...	2008	18270556
sampling gene diversity across the supergroup amoebozoa: large est data sets from acanthamoeba castellanii, hartmannella vermiformis, physarum polycephalum, hyperamoeba dachnaya and hyperamoeba sp.	from comparative analysis of est data for five taxa within the eukaryotic supergroup amoebozoa, including two free-living amoebae (acanthamoeba castellanii, hartmannella vermiformis) and three slime molds (physarum polycephalum, hyperamoeba dachnaya and hyperamoeba sp.), we obtained new broad-range perspectives on the evolution and biosynthetic capacity of this assemblage. together with genome sequences for the amoebozoans dictyostelium discoideum and entamoeba histolytica, and including partial ...	2008	18276190
evidence of a continuous endoplasmic reticulum in the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica.	entamoeba histolytica, the cause of amebiasis, is believed to have no continuous endoplasmic reticulum (er), with er functions occurring in vesicles. here, using an er-targeted green fluorescent protein fusion protein and fluorescence loss in photobleaching, we have unambiguously demonstrated the presence of a continuous er compartment in living e. histolytica trophozoites.	2008	18281599
increased risk for entamoeba histolytica infection and invasive amebiasis in hiv seropositive men who have sex with men in taiwan.	incidence of entamoeba histolytica infection and clinical manifestations and treatment response of invasive amebiasis (ia) in hiv-infected patients have rarely been investigated before.	2008	18301730
calcium-binding protein 1 of entamoeba histolytica transiently associates with phagocytic cups in a calcium-independent manner.	ehcabp1, a calcium-binding protein of the parasite entamoeba histolytica, is known to participate in cellular processes involving actin filaments. this may be due to its direct interaction with actin. in order to understand the kinetics of ehcabp1 in such processes, its movement was studied in living cells expressing gfp-ehcabp1. the results showed that ehcabp1 accumulated at phagocytic cups and pseudopods transiently. the time taken for appearance and disappearance of ehcabp1 was found to be ar ...	2008	18341598
communicable diseases in the immigrant population attended to in a tropical medicine unit: epidemiological aspects and public health issues.	for geographical and historical reasons, spain is receiving an increasing number of immigrants. the aim of this study was to evaluate some epidemiological aspects and the main public health issues of communicable diseases in barcelona's immigrant population. from 2001 to 2004, a population of immigrants from tropical, subtropical regions and eastern europe was attended to in our centre. each patient was offered a complete screening for tropical and common diseases. the prevalence and demographic ...	2008	18342267
effect of iron on adherence and cytotoxicity of entamoeba histolytica to cho cell monolayers.	iron is an essential element for almost all living organisms. the possible role of iron for growth, adherence and cytotoxicity of entamoeba histolytica was evaluated in this study. the absence of iron from tyi-s-33 medium stopped amebic growth in vitro. however, iron concentrations in the culture media of 21.4-285.6 microm did not affect the growth of the amebae. although growth was not retarded at these concentrations, the adhesive abilities of e. histolytica and their cytotoxicities to cho cel ...	2008	18344676
loss of dsrna-based gene silencing in entamoeba histolytica: implications for approaches to genetic analysis.	the ability to regulate gene expression in the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica is critical in determining gene function. we previously published that expression of dsrna specific to e. histolytica serine threonine isoleucine rich protein (ehstirp) resulted in reduction of gene expression [macfarlane, r.c., singh, u., 2007. identification of an entamoeba histolytica serine, threonine, isoleucine, rich protein with roles in adhesion and cytotoxicity. eukaryotic cell 6, 2139-2146]. however ...	2008	18346737
use of giardia, which appears to have a single nucleotide-sugar transporter for udp-glcnac, to identify the udp-glc transporter of entamoeba.	nucleotide-sugar transporters (nsts) transport activated sugars (e.g. udp-glcnac) from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum or golgi apparatus where they are used to make glycoproteins and glycolipids. udp-glc is an important component of the n-glycan-dependent quality control (qc) system for protein folding. because entamoeba has this qc system while giardia does not, we hypothesized that transfected giardia might be used to identify the udp-glc transporter of entamoeba. here w ...	2008	18346800
entamoeba histolytica encodes unique formins, a subset of which regulates dna content and cell division.	the formin family of proteins mediates dynamic changes in actin assembly in eukaryotes, and therefore it is important to understand the function of these proteins in entamoeba histolytica, where actin forms the major cytoskeletal network. in this study we have identified the formin homologs encoded in the e. histolytica genome based on sequence analysis. using multiple tools, we have analyzed the primary sequences of the eight e. histolytica formins and discovered three subsets: (i) e. histolyti ...	2008	18347041
crystal structure of native o-acetyl-serine sulfhydrylase from entamoeba histolytica and its complex with cysteine: structural evidence for cysteine binding and lack of interactions with serine acetyl transferase.	cysteine plays a major role in the antioxidative defense mechanisms of the human parasite entameoba histolytica. the major route of cysteine biosynthesis in this parasite is the condensation of o-acetylserine with sulfide by the de novo cysteine biosynthetic pathway involving two key enzymes o-acetyl-l-serine sulfhydrylase (oass) and serine acetyl transferase (sat). the crystal structure of native oass from entameoba histolytica (ehoass) has been determined at 1.86 a resolution and in complex wi ...	2008	18350570
[distribution of intestinal parasites in patients presenting at the environmental-food and medicine analysis laboratory of sivas municipality during the years 1993-2006].	the purpose of the present study was to investigate retrospectively the distribution and prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients who presented at the environmental-food and medicine analysis laboratory of the sivas municipality, sivas, from january 1993-december 2006. a total of 732 stool specimens were examined for intestinal parasites using native-lugol and formol ethyl ether methods. also, 186 cellophane tape preparations were examined directly. out of a total of 918 total specimens, i ...	2008	18351554
bipolar spindle frequency and genome content are inversely regulated by the activity of two n-type kinesins in entamoeba histolytica.	bipolar microtubular spindles are seen infrequently in entamoeba histolytica trophozoites while monopolar or radial microtubular assemblies are common. additionally, heterogeneity in nuclear dna content and multi-nucleation is found in amoeba cells growing in axenic culture. taken together these observations indicate that genome segregation is irregular in these cells. in order to identify proteins involved in regulating genome segregation, we have focused on studying e. histolytica homologues o ...	2008	18363907
comparison of stool antigen detection kits to pcr for diagnosis of amebiasis.	the present study was conducted to compare two stool antigen detection kits with pcr for the diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica infections by using fecal specimens submitted to the department of microbiology at st. vincent's hospital, sydney, and the institute of medical and veterinary science, adelaide, australia. a total of 279 stool samples containing the e complex (e. histolytica, entamoeba dispar, and entamoeba moshkovskii) were included in this study. the stool specimens were tested by usi ...	2008	18367563
the effect of an anti-inflammatory pentapeptide produced by entamoeba histolytica on gene expression in the u-937 monocytic cell line.	evaluate the monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (mlif) effect upon the expression of genes encoding human cytokines, receptors and related factors in the human cell line u-937. mlif (met-gln-cys-asn-ser) is an anti-inflammatory pentapeptide produced by entamoeba histolytica that inhibits many human monocyte functions.	2008	18368290
silencing genes by rna interference in the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica.	experimental procedures using the rna interference (rnai) approach have recently emerged as a powerful tool for gene silencing in eukaryotic microbes for which gene replacement techniques have not yet been developed. our group has recently explored rnai to knock down gene-specific expression in the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, through delivery of small interfering rna (sirna) oligonucleotides by the soaking approach. standardized conditions for the soaking of e. histolytica trophozo ...	2008	18369782
entamoeba histolytica ehdead1 is a conserved dead-box rna helicase with atpase and atp-dependent rna unwinding activities.	rna helicases are widely conserved key enzymes that perform multiple functions in rna metabolism. here, we present the cloning, expression and functional characterization of the ehdead1 rna helicase in the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. according to its primary structure, ehdead1 is evolutionary related to yeast ded1 and human ddx3x rna helicases, both involved in translation and cell cycle regulation. the ehdead1 predicted amino acid sequence exhibits the nine conserved motifs descri ...	2008	18374519
characterization of the entamoeba histolytica ornithine decarboxylase-like enzyme.	the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are organic cations that are required for cell growth and differentiation. ornithine decarboxylase (odc), the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway, is a highly regulated enzyme.	2008	18235846
synthesis and antiamoebic activity of metronidazole thiosemicarbazone analogues.	repeated treatment of entamoeba histolytica infection with commonly used antiamoebic drugs results in not only increasing the toxicity potential but also leads to the development of clinical resistance. thus new effective agents with less toxicity against amoebiasis are urgently required. with this view, metronidazole thiosemicarbazone analogues 1-11 were synthesized wherein thioamide moiety was substituted by different cyclic and aromatic amines. these compounds were screened against hm1:imss s ...	2008	18242785
new pd(ii) complexes of the synthesized 1-n-substituted thiosemicarbazones of 3-indole carboxaldehyde: characterization and antiamoebic assessment against e. histolytica.	reaction of 3-indole carboxaldehyde with aminothiocarbonyl hydrazines resulted in the formation of 3-indole carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones (tscs) 1-13. the synthesized thiosemicarbazones were used as ligands in the formation of [pd(tsc)cl2] complexes with palladium(ii) metal ion precursor, [pd(dmso)2cl2]. the chemical structures of all the compounds were established by electronic, ir, 1h nmr and 13c nmr spectral data. the structure of the complexes was further established by fabms and dta. it ...	2008	18222017
detection of pathogenic protozoa in the diagnostic laboratory: result reproducibility, specimen pooling, and competency assessment.	stool microscopy as performed in clinical parasitology laboratories is a complex procedure with subjective interpretation. quality assurance (qa) programs often emphasize proficiency testing as an assessment tool. we describe a result reproducibility assessment tool, which can form part of a broader qa program, and which is based on the blinded resubmission of selected clinical samples, using concordance between the reports of the initial and resubmitted specimen as an indicator. specimens prese ...	2008	18448690
patterns of infection with intestinal parasites in qatar among food handlers and housemaids from different geographical regions of origin.	intestinal parasitic infections were surveyed among recently arrived immigrant workers in qatar destined for employment in food handling occupations. two overlapping datasets (female workers surveyed in 2005 and 2006, and both sexes in 2006) were analyzed. seven species were detected, 3 nematodes (trichuris trichiura, hookworms and ascaris lumbricoides) and 4 protozoans (entamoeba histolytica/dispar, non-pathogenic entamoebae, blastocystis hominis and giardia lamblia). overall prevalence of infe ...	2008	18457813
high prevalence of entamoeba moshkovskii in a tanzanian hiv population.	entamoeba moshkovskii and entamoeba dispar are microscopically indistinguishable from the pathogenic species entamoeba histolytica. there are limited data on the prevalence of these commensal infections from africa. we utilized pcr and antigen detection to evaluate the carriage rate of e. moshkovskii, e. dispar, and e. histolytica infection in stool from a cohort of hiv-suspected or confirmed inpatients from tanzania. e. histolytica was detected by elisa in 4% (5/118) while e. moshkovskii and e. ...	2008	18471796
gender and genetic control of resistance to intestinal amebiasis in inbred mice.	resistance to the establishment of intestinal entamoeba histolytica infection is dependent on the inbred mouse strain. in this work we used the inbred strains b6 (resistant), cba (susceptible), b6cbaf(1) and a backcross of b6cbaf(1) to cba to further examine the genetic basis of resistance. mouse genotype was assessed with single nucleotide polymorphism and microsatellite markers and infection assessed by culture 9 days after intracecal e. histolytica challenge. the backcross population showed a ...	2008	18480826
[history of the entamoeba histolytica protozoan].	this article presents a history of entamoeba histolytica spanning since the remote times when it was not even recognized as a cause of human disease to the recent molecular advances. feder losch (1875) in saint petersburg, found amoebae in fecal samples but only regarded them as responsible for maintaining the inflammatory process, not as a cause of dysentery. fritz schaudinn (1903) established the differentiation between entamoeba histolytica and endamoeba coli, schaudinn decided to call it e. ...	2008	18483662
ehmlbp is an essential constituent of the entamoeba histolytica epigenetic machinery and a potential drug target.	ehmlbp has been identified as a protein that specifically binds to methylated long interspersed element (line) retrotransposons and rdna in entamoeba histolytica. ehmlbp is unique to entamoeba parasites, which makes this protein a possible drug target for treating amebiasis. in the work described here, we evaluated this potential. downregulation of ehmlbp using antisense technology resulted in trophozoites with impaired growth and cytopathic activity. this indicated that ehmlbp is an essential p ...	2008	18484949