Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| exposure of health care workers to pentamidine isethionate. | pentamidine isethionate is currently used for the prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. its use has been associated with a number of symptoms in staff administering treatment, and there are some additional concerns about possible adverse health effects of long term exposure. the aim of this study was to quantify exposure of health care staff administering nebulized pentamidine to patients. personal breathing zone and static air samples at the height of the patient's head w ... | 1999 | 10474916 |
| changing conditions and treatments in a dynamic cohort of ambulatory hiv patients: the hiv outpatient study (hops). | most hiv-infected persons are now treated as ambulatory patients. obtaining continually updated data about these patients' changing conditions, therapies, and reimbursement is essential to health care provision and planning. the systematic tracking of patient medical and laboratory information in an ongoing commercial data collection program (the health research network) allows clinicians to better understand health outcomes, practice patterns, and epidemiologic trends for their patients. | 1999 | 10475534 |
| long-term course and outcome in aids patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis. | we compared clinical long-term course and outcome in all aids patients admitted to our outpatient department from january, 1989 to june, 1998 with toxoplasma encephalitis (te) as first aids-defining infection (n= 106) and in 106 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) as first aids-defining disease. | 1999 | 10478582 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient after paraquat spraying]. | 1999 | 10481343 | |
| [clinical manifestations, diagnosis and course of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hematologic diseases]. | to characterize clinical, diagnostic and course features of pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii (pc) in hematologic inpatients. | 1999 | 10481865 |
| c-reactive protein levels in hiv complicated by opportunistic infections and infections with common bacterial pathogens. | in order to determine the pattern of c-reactive protein (crp) concentrations in hiv-infected patients with various other infections, we conducted a prospective study (for the period 1990-91) of all hiv-seropositive patients hospitalized with fever and a retrospective study (for the period 1990-95) of all patients infected with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). samples from blood, cerebrospinal fluid and sites with clinical signs of infection were obtaine ... | 1999 | 10482049 |
| [causes of death (1983-1997) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus by contaminated blood coagulation factor products: report of the clinical study group on prevention and treatments of hiv infection]. | our group conducted a national survey of patients who had died of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) after being infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) by contaminated blood coagulation factor products. a total of 1446 hospitals, clinics, and other health-care institutions throughout japan were enrolled in the study, which was supported by the japanese government ministry of health and welfare with a health sciences grant for research on hiv/aids. of the 1434 registered ... | 1999 | 10483137 |
| [changes of knowledge of hiv-positivity before development of aids among danish patients with aids 1988-1997]. | we describe the changes in the period of knowledge of hiv positivity before aids in the light of the new anti-retroviral treatment regime among all notified danish aids patients 1988-1997. overall, 29% of the patients were diagnosed with aids less than four months after the first positive hiv test, a proportion that decreased through 1988-1995, but then increased. however, the proportion with over five years between positive hiv test and aids diagnosis increased from 9% in 1988-1990 to 48% in 19 ... | 1999 | 10485207 |
| pneumocystis carinii carriage in immunocompetent patients with primary pulmonary disorders as detected by single or nested pcr. | ninety-five bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from 63 immunocompetent adult patients with primary pulmonary disease were analyzed for pneumocystis carinii colonization by primary and nested pcr. twelve of 63 patients (19%) were pcr positive. none of them developed p. carinii pneumonia. these results suggest that p. carinii carriage may exist in immunocompetent patients with underlying pulmonary disease. | 1999 | 10488221 |
| efficacy of azithromycin in prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a randomised trial. california collaborative treatment group. | azithromycin in combination with sulphonamides is active against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in animals. we assessed the clinical efficacy of azithromycin for pcp prophylaxis in human beings. | 1999 | 10489947 |
| nodular pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in siv-infected macaques. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia is a frequent manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in humans and macaques. an unusual nodular type of pc pneumonia was observed in two simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-inoculated rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). these animals developed clinical signs of simian aids, including anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea, and collapse. grossly, both animals had multifocal tan-white nodules 1-10 mm in diameter scattered throughout the lungs. one ... | 1999 | 10490219 |
| risk factors for early hospital readmission in patients with aids and pneumonia. | to determine risk factors for early readmission to the hospital in patients with aids and pneumonia. | 1999 | 10491241 |
| type-ii major-surface-glycoprotein family of pneumocystis carinii under the control of novel expression elements. | pneumocystis carinii are coated by abundant surface proteins, named msgs for major surface glycoproteins, that undergo antigenic variation. there are many msg genes on the chromosomes but the msg expression site is restricted to a unique site called type-i ucs, and silent msg genes can be translocated to the expression site by dna recombination. we have reported previously the existence of alternative ucs elements named type-ii ucs by msg transcript analyses (j. infect. dis., 171, 1563-1568 [199 ... | 1999 | 10492167 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. | pneumocystis carinii is a ubiquitous, atypical unicellular fungus. p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) patients, and is the leading complication in advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. many different host (mammal)-specific species of pneumocystis exist, but the life-cycle is not understood fully. human strains are designated as p. carinii f. sp. (special form) hominis (at least 59 diffe ... | 1999 | 10492914 |
| pneumocystis carinii presenting as a mediastinal mass in a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | 1999 | 10493348 | |
| hypercalcemia as an early sign of lymphoma in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | hypercalcemia is uncommon in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). it has been described in association with cytomegalovirus infection, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, granulomatous diseases, and lymphoma. however, symptomatic hypercalcemia as an early sign of an underlying aids-related lymphoma is not well documented. we discuss the case of a patient with hiv and hypercalcemia, leading to the diagnosis of an underlying lymphoma. the hypercalcemia was associated with a s ... | 1999 | 10498174 |
| the association between primary source of ambulatory care and access to and outcomes of treatment among aids patients. | to examine the relationship between having a primary source of ambulatory care (psac), access to aids treatment and prophylaxis for opportunistic infection, and hospital and mortality outcomes among heterosexual men and women with aids. | 1999 | 10501599 |
| chemotherapy with etoposide, vincristine, doxorubicin, bolus cyclophosphamide, and oral prednisone in patients with refractory cutaneous t-cell lymphoma. | this phase ii study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy with etoposide, vincristine, doxorubicin, bolus cyclophosphamide, and oral prednisone (epoch regimen) in patients with advanced, refractory cutaneous t-cell lymphoma (ctcl). | 1999 | 10506727 |
| is pneumocystis carinii vertically transmitted to neonatal rats? | pneumocystis carinii is a pulmonary pathogen of immunocompromised humans or other mammals. its infection results from activation of organisms involved in latent infection or from new infection through the air. almost all children are known to be infected within 2 to 4 years of birth, though prenatal transplacental transmission has not yet been demonstrated. in this study we observed experimental p. carinii infection in neonatal rats, thus investigating the possibility of transplacental vertical ... | 1999 | 10507222 |
| prodrugs for amidines: synthesis and anti-pneumocystis carinii activity of carbamates of 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan. | syntheses of several carbamate analogues of 2, 5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan (1) under mild conditions and their evaluation as prodrugs against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in an immunosuppressed rat model are described. thus, nine new bis-carbamates: methoxycarbonyl (2), 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl (3), ethylthiocarbonyl (4), benzyloxycarbonyl (5), (4-methyl-2-oxo-1, 3-dioxol-4-en-5-yl)methoxycarbonyl (6), phenoxycarbonyl (7), 4-fluorophenoxycarbonyl (8), 4-methoxyphenoxycarbonyl (9), a ... | 1999 | 10508447 |
| can chemoprophylaxis against opportunistic infections be discontinued after an increase in cd4 cells induced by highly active antiretroviral therapy? | in the 'usphs/idsa guidelines for prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus', the indications for chemoprophylaxis are based on nadir cd4 cell count. many patients have, however, experienced an increase in cd4 cell count after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). | 1999 | 10509565 |
| effects of antiretroviral therapy and opportunistic illness primary chemoprophylaxis on survival after aids diagnosis. adult/adolescent spectrum of disease group. | to examine the effects of antiretroviral therapy (art) and opportunistic illness chemoprophylaxis on the survival of persons with aids and survival time based on year of aids diagnosis. | 1999 | 10509570 |
| oropharyngeal samples for genotyping and monitoring response to treatment in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | a nested pcr, amplifying a portion of the gene encoding the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal rna (mt lsu rrna) of pneumocystis carinii sp. f. hominis was applied to oropharyngeal samples obtained on repeated occasions from 12 hiv-infected patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) to monitor response to anti-p. carinii treatment. genotyping of p. carinii sp. f. hominis was also performed on paired samples of oropharyngeal and broncho-alveolar lavage samples before the start of treatment, and ... | 1999 | 10510966 |
| in-vitro activity of polycationic peptides against cryptosporidium parvum, pneumocystis carinii and yeast clinical isolates. | the in-vitro activity of magainin ii, indolicidin and ranalexin against 14 clinical isolates of eukaryotic microorganisms was evaluated. antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution, and activity against pneumocystis carinii and cryptosporidium parvum was determined by inoculation on to cell monolayers. for yeasts, peptide mics and mfcs ranged from 6.25 to > 50 mg/l. ranalexin showed the highest activity against candida spp., while magainin ii demonstrated greatest anti ... | 1999 | 10511411 |
| imaging features of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | despite a declining prevalence secondary to improved prophylaxis, pneumocystis carinii remains an important pulmonary pathogen in the immunocompromised host. because the radiologist is often the first to suggest the diagnosis of pcp, an awareness of the entire spectrum of imaging features associated with this organism is important. the classic presentation of pcp is a bilateral interstitial pattern, which may be characterized as finely granular, reticular, or ground-glass opacities. when chest r ... | 1999 | 10514937 |
| a prospective randomized trial comparing the toxicity and safety of atovaquone with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis following autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. | pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii is an infrequent complication following autologous stem cell transplantation (asct) which is associated with a high mortality. although administration of trimethoprim/sulfa- methoxazole (tmp/smx) is an effective prophylactic strategy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), treatment-associated toxicity frequently results in discontinuation of therapy. we have conducted a prospective randomized trial comparing atovaquone, a new anti-pneumocystis agent, with ... | 1999 | 10516703 |
| [hepatic and pancreatic disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)]. | aids is frequently expressed through gastrointestinal o abdominal symptoms. in addition, patients with aids or arc frequently have hepatic and biliary symptoms, while pancreatic alterations are found in 4-30% of patients hospitalised for aids. since aids patients are immunodepressed, they are subject to opportunistic infection often multifocal and the pathological processes can be present simultaneously. about 2/3 of patients have enlarged liver, steatosis, splenomegaly, lymphoadenopathy, cholec ... | 1999 | 10518957 |
| new trend in the epidemiology of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) among aids patients. | 1999 | 10519263 | |
| impaction versus filtration for the detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in air. | 1999 | 10519264 | |
| acquisition and biodiversity of pneumocystis carinii in a colony of wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). | 1999 | 10519266 | |
| comparison of four methods for extraction of pneumocystis carinii dna from pulmonary specimens and serum. | 1999 | 10519267 | |
| evaluation of a nested pcr for detection of pneumocystis carinii in serum from immunocompromised patients. | 1999 | 10519268 | |
| biomolecular approach for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) diagnosis and follow up in aids patients. | 1999 | 10519269 | |
| interactions of two pneumocystis carinii populations within rat lungs. | 1999 | 10519270 | |
| pneumocystis carinii trophozoites in the lungs of patients without pneumocystosis. | 1999 | 10519271 | |
| the minimum number of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii organisms required to establish infections is very low. | 1999 | 10519272 | |
| experimental inoculation of immunosuppressed owl monkeys with pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis. | 1999 | 10519274 | |
| pneumocystis carinii growth kinetics in culture systems and in hosts: involvement of each life cycle parasite stage. | 1999 | 10519275 | |
| ability of pneumocystis carinii cysts to seed cultures and infect animals. | 1999 | 10519276 | |
| mouse derived pneumocystis carinii in an axenic culture system. | 1999 | 10519277 | |
| culture of pneumocystis carinii sp.f. hominis. | 1999 | 10519278 | |
| distribution and biosynthesis of cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid in pneumocystis carinii. | 1999 | 10519279 | |
| type-ii major-surface-glycoprotein family of pneumocystis carinii. | 1999 | 10519280 | |
| direct correlation of genomic localization and surface expression of the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | 1999 | 10519281 | |
| determination of the maximum frequency of genetic rearrangements associated with pneumocystis carinii surface antigen variation. | 1999 | 10519282 | |
| characterization of the cdc25 phosphatase in pneumocystis carinii. | 1999 | 10519283 | |
| cdc2 gene of pneumocystis carinii hominis and its expression during culture. | 1999 | 10519284 | |
| assembly of cell wall glucans by pneumocystis carinii: characterization of the gsc-1 subunit mediating beta-glucan synthesis. | 1999 | 10519285 | |
| identification of dihydropteroate (dhps) gene mutant in pneumocystis carinii in respiratory samples of hiv+ patients from 1992 to 1997. | 1999 | 10519286 | |
| contribution of dihydropteroate synthase gene typing for pneumocystis carinii f.sp. hominis epidemiology. | 1999 | 10519287 | |
| successful treatment of pcp episodes caused by pneumocystis carinii with mutant dihydropteroate (dhps) gene. | 1999 | 10519288 | |
| recombinant major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii elicits a specific immune response but is not protective in immunosuppressed rats. | 1999 | 10519289 | |
| effects of sterol inhibitors on the atp content of pneumocystis carinii. | 1999 | 10519292 | |
| beta-glucan from pneumocystis carinii stimulates tnf alpha release from alveolar macrophages. | 1999 | 10519294 | |
| production of plasminogen activator by alveolar macrophages in experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10519296 | |
| immunological characterization of surface subtilisin-like protease (ssp) of pneumocystis carinii. | 1999 | 10519297 | |
| [infectious complications of heart transplantation. a prospective study for the first 6 years of a transplantation program]. | to study the infectious complications, mortality, and associated factors in heart transplant recipients. | 1999 | 10522428 |
| [clinico-radiological correlation of pulmonary complications of pediatric hiv infection]. | fifty-five percent of children with hiv infection, aged two months to ten years, were admitted at our hospitals because of respiratory conditions. pulmonary complications found at admission in these children were lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, fungal over-infection, tuberculosis, and bacterial complications. also, non-specific infectious bronchial conditions, probably of viral origin. the most representative chest-x rays of these pulmonary conditions were anal ... | 1999 | 10522429 |
| "crazy paving appearance" on high resolution ct in various diseases. | the purpose of this work was to demonstrate the variety of causes of crazy-paving appearance (cpa) on high resolution ct (hrct). | 1999 | 10524860 |
| pulmonary colonization with pneumocystis carinii in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients: assessing risk with blood cd4+ t cell counts. | 1999 | 10524989 | |
| altered distribution of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during radiation therapy. | the radiographic findings of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) are various. the typical findings are diffuse, bilateral, symmetric, finely granular, or reticular infiltrates. in patients taking aerosol pentamidine, atypical findings may be the first manifestation. one interesting radiologic finding of pcp is that the pneumonia may spare the irradiated lung. we report pcp developed in a patient undergoing irradiation for lung cancer. high-resolution ct revealed diffuse, bilateral, and symmetri ... | 1999 | 10525868 |
| the structural mechanism for half-the-sites reactivity in an enzyme, thymidylate synthase, involves a relay of changes between subunits. | thymidylate synthase (ts), a half-the-sites reactive enzyme, catalyzes the final step in the de novo biosynthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate, dtmp, required for dna replication. the cocrystal structure of ts from pneumocystis carinii (pcts), a new drug target for an important pathogen, with its substrate, deoxyuridine monophosphate (dump), and a cofactor mimic, cb3717, was determined. the structure, solved at 2.6 a resolution, shows an asymmetric dimer with two molecules of the substrate du ... | 1999 | 10529228 |
| development of a pcr assay for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia based on amplification of the multicopy major surface glycoprotein gene family. | we have evaluated a pcr technique using primers based on pneumocystis carinii major surface glycoprotein (msg) genes, a multicopy gene family, for utility in detection of p. carinii in bal and oropharyngeal samples obtained from immunosuppressed patients. these primers were able to detect p. carinii dna in as little as 16 fg of genomic dna. pcr using msg primers detected p. carinii dna in 7 smear-positive bal samples (100% sensitivity), and found no p. carinii dna in 12 smear-negative bal sample ... | 1999 | 10529878 |
| impact of bacterial pneumonia and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on human immunodeficiency virus disease progression. pulmonary complications of hiv study group. | the course of pneumonia caused by pyogenic bacteria and pneumocystis carinii was examined in a multicity cohort study of hiv infection. the median duration of survival among 150 individuals following initial bacterial pneumonia was 24 months, compared with 37 months among 299 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected control subjects matched by study site and cd4 lymphocyte count (p<.001). for 152 subjects with p. carinii pneumonia, median survival was 23 months, compared with 30 months for 28 ... | 1999 | 10530443 |
| editorial response: do bacterial pneumonia and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia accelerate progression of human immunodeficiency virus disease? | 1999 | 10530444 | |
| corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: retrospective study of 31 patients. | the aim of this retrospective study was to assess whether corticosteroid adjunctive therapy (cat) could prevent death in immunocompromised patients with severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) who do not have human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, similarly to what has been demonstrated for hiv-infected patients. the charts of all non-hiv-infected patients who were admitted to two medical intensive care units between 1988 and 1996 because of severe pcp, defined by an arterial oxygen p ... | 1999 | 10530464 |
| analysis of pneumocystis carinii introns. | pneumocystis carinii is an ascomycete phylogenetically related to schizosaccharomyces pombe. little is known about gene regulation in p. carinii. the removal of introns from pre-mrna requires spliceosomal recognition of the intron-exon boundary. in s. pombe and higher eukaryotes, this boundary and a branch site within the intron are conserved. we recently demonstrated that p. carinii cdc2 cdna can complement s. pombe containing conditional mutations of cdc2, an essential gene involved in cell cy ... | 1999 | 10531280 |
| drug-resistant pneumocystis carinii. | 1999 | 10533856 | |
| effects of mutations in pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene on outcome of aids-associated p. carinii pneumonia. | sulpha drugs are widely used for the treatment and long-term prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-1-infected individuals. sulpha resistance in many microorganisms is caused by point mutations in dihydropteroate synthase (dhps), an enzyme that is essential for folate biosynthesis. we assessed whether mutations in the dhps gene of p. carinii were associated with exposure to sulpha drugs and influenced outcome from pcp. | 1999 | 10533864 |
| a search for pneumocystis carinii dna by polymerase chain reaction on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from patients with wegener's granulomatosis. | 1999 | 10534563 | |
| pattern of opportunistic pulmonary infections in hiv sero-positive subjects: observations from pondicherry, india. | prospective analysis for a period of six-and-a-half years was done in 190 patients with hiv infection, which showed post-primary tuberculosis with sputum positive for acid-fast bacilli in 65% of cases. extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis especially lymph nodes infection was more frequent. cervical group of lymph node involvement was the commonest presentation. procedures such as fnac/biopsy of lymph nodes and pleura provided the immediate diagnostic yields. these procedures must be considered e ... | 1999 | 10534938 |
| [pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine as a preventive treatment for pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma encephalitis]. | few studies have been reported on the potential usefulness of fansidar combination at a fixed doses of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine as prophylaxis for pneumonia by pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasmic encephalitis. | 1999 | 10535188 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a clinical review. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is an opportunistic infection that occurs in immunosuppressed populations, primarily patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. the classic presentation of nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, fever, bilateral interstitial infiltrates and hypoxemia does not always appear. diagnostic methods of choice include sputum induction and bronchoalveolar lavage. the drug of choice for treatment and prophylaxis is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ... | 1999 | 10537385 |
| infectious complications in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. | infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll). predisposition to infection in cll is mediated through various abnormalities including both the immune defects inherent in the primary disease (impairment in humoral and cellular immunity) and in the further immunosuppression related to the management of cll. hypogammaglobulinemia is probably the most important immune defect in terms of risk of severe bacterial infections, its frequency ... | 1999 | 10543369 |
| pharmacokinetics of dapsone administered daily and weekly in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | although dapsone is a commonly used alternative agent for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children intolerant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, there are few data that describe dapsone pharmacokinetics in children. we studied dapsone pharmacokinetics in 30 children (median age, 2.8 years; age range, 0. 3 to 12 years) receiving a new proprietary liquid preparation by three dosing regimens (1 mg/kg of body weight daily, 2 mg/kg daily, or 4 mg/kg weekly). dosing of children wi ... | 1999 | 10543733 |
| immune-mediated inflammation directly impairs pulmonary function, contributing to the pathogenesis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the clinical severity of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) correlates closely with the appearance of pulmonary markers of inflammation. therefore, a model system was developed whereby physiological studies could be performed on live mice to determine the extent to which pulmonary inflammation contributes to respiratory impairment during pcp. p. carinii-infected severe combined immunodeficient mice displayed little evidence of pulmonary inflammation and exhibited normal oxygenation and dynamic ... | 1999 | 10545529 |
| sterols of pneumocystis carinii hominis organisms isolated from human lungs. | the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii causes pneumonia (p. carinii pneumonia, or pcp) in immunocompromised individuals such as aids patients. rat-derived p. carinii carinii organisms have distinct sterols which are not synthesized by mammals and not found in other microbes infecting mammalian lungs. the dominant sterol present in the organism is cholesterol (which is believed to be scavenged from the host), but other sterols in p. carinii carinii have an alkyl group at c-24 of the ster ... | 1999 | 10548595 |
| experimental corticosteroid induction of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in piglets. | animal models of pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia (pcp) play a central role in research on the pc microorganism itself and the disease, especially the pathogenesis and the host defence. the classic rat model with corticosteroid-induced reactivation of a latent infection has been most widely used. in our search for alternative non-rodent models, six 31/2-week-old piglets were injected intramuscularly with methylprednisolone acetate, at 18 mg/kg body weight, once a week for 6 weeks. six litterm ... | 1999 | 10549589 |
| vertical transmission rates for hiv in the british isles: estimates based on surveillance data. | to estimate and interpret time trends in vertical transmission rates for hiv using data from national obstetric and paediatric surveillance registers. | 1999 | 10550082 |
| in-vitro activity of rifabutin and albendazole singly and in combination with other clinically used antimicrobial agents against pneumocystis carinii. | the in-vitro activity of rifabutin and albendazole alone and in combination with clarithromycin, etoposide, minocycline and pyrimethamine was investigated against four clinical isolates of pneumocystis carinii. the susceptibility tests were performed by inoculation of the isolates on to cell monolayers and by determining the parasite count after 72 h incubation at 37 degrees c. the culture medium was supplemented with serial dilutions of each agent. albendazole tested alone was more active than ... | 1999 | 10552982 |
| emergence of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in the aids era. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) is widely used for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients, but little is known about the effects of this practice on the emergence of tmp-smx-resistant bacteria. a serial cross-sectional study of resistance to tmp-smx among all clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus and 7 genera of enterobacteriaceae was performed at san francisco general hospital. resistance among all isolates was <5.5% from ... | 1999 | 10558935 |
| pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase but not dihydrofolate reductase gene mutations correlate with prior trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or dapsone use. | recent studies of the human pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene suggest that p. carinii is developing resistance to sulfamethoxazole (smx) and dapsone. to explore whether p. carinii is also developing resistance to trimethoprim (tmp), the human p. carinii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene was cloned, dhfr and dhps genes in 37 p. carinii isolates from 35 patients were sequenced, and the relationship between tmp-smx or dapsone use and gene mutations was analyzed. the dhfr g ... | 1999 | 10558954 |
| [bone marrow involvement by pneumocystis carinii in an aids patient]. | 1999 | 10563098 | |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase mkp1 of pneumocystis carinii complements the slt2delta defect in the cell integrity pathway of saccharomyces cerevisiae. | signal transduction pathways are important in the adaptive response of microbes to their environment. a pneumocystis carinii extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (mapk) homologue, mkp1, has been isolated by sequence similarity screening of p. carinii genomic dna. the mkp1 of p. carinii shows closest homology to other fungal map kinases involved in cell integrity signal transduction cascades, including slt2p/mpk1p of saccharomyces cerevisiae, mkc1 of candida albicans and mps1 of magnapor ... | 1999 | 10564487 |
| inhaled antimicrobial therapy. | although antimicrobial therapy has been administered through the inhaled route for decades, it has always been controversial. there are relatively few accepted indications for this mode of administration. well-controlled studies of aerosolized antibiotics in cystic fibrosis demonstrate that tobramycin on a cyclical basis may reduce sputum volume, bacterial counts, and improve pulmonary function. preliminary data indicate that inhaled antibiotic therapy of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis ... | 1999 | 10565884 |
| a case of interstitial pneumonia associated with pneumocystis carinii in a foal. | subacute interstitial pneumonia with diffuse alveolar damage, marked macrophage infiltration, and intracellular pneumocystis carinii cysts is described in a 3-month-old swiss warmblood foal. clinically, the disease was characterized by sudden onset of respiratory distress with fatal outcome. based on serum immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, and igm values, no humoral immunosuppression was detected. spleen, thymus, and bronchial lymph nodes did not reveal lymphoid depletion, as assessed by immunohistoc ... | 1999 | 10568448 |
| successful management of pulmonary tuberculosis in renal allograft recipients in a single center. | pulmonary infections, especially tuberculosis, are responsible for significant mortality and morbidity among renal transplant recipients in developing countries. conventional diagnostic modalities are associated with a low yield, delaying specific therapy. | 1999 | 10571806 |
| structure-based design of selective inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase: synthesis and antiparasitic activity of 2, 4-diaminopteridine analogues with a bridged diarylamine side chain. | as part of a larger search for potent as well as selective inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) enzymes from opportunistic pathogens found in patients with aids and other immune disorders, n-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl]dibenz[b,f]azepine (4a) and the corresponding dihydrodibenz[b,f]azepine, dihydroacridine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, carbazole, and diphenylamine analogues were synthesized from 2, 4-diamino-6-(bromomethyl)pteridine in 50-75% yield by reaction with the sodium salts ... | 1999 | 10579848 |
| synthetic dna minor groove-binding drugs. | in this review, both cationic and neutral synthetic ligands that bind in the minor groove of dna are discussed. certain bis-distamycins and related lexitropsins show activities against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 and hiv-2 at low nanomolar concentrations. dapi binds strongly to at-containing polymers and is located in the minor groove of dna. dapi intercalates in dna sequences that do not contain at least three consecutive at bp. berenil can also exhibit intercalative, as well as minor ... | 1999 | 10580832 |
| nosocomial infections in patients with hiv disease. | throughout the aids epidemic, nosocomial infection in the patient with hiv disease has presented a constant problem--not only for the hospitalized patient but also for the clinic attender. the nosocomial spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has emphasized the need for effective control of infection measures in dealing with the immunodeficient. increased recognition of nosocomial bacterial pneumonias has raised questions about the place, if any, of antimicrobial prophylaxis in preventing gr ... | 1999 | 10582184 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs for dermatological diseases. | in recent years, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has been increasingly reported in patients without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the increased occurrence of pcp in non-hiv-immunocompromised subjects has been attributed to several factors: use of stronger immunosuppressive regimens, higher awareness of pcp, advanced diagnostic technology and nosocomial spread of p. carinii. appearance of pcp subsequent to the use of immunosuppressive drugs has been noticed in many inflammato ... | 1999 | 10583061 |
| the growth and the control of human immunodeficiency virus in the lung: implications for highly active antiretroviral therapy. | in recent years, it has become apparent that the lung is an important niche for the proliferation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), which may have implications for highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). the lung itself is a major site for the opportunistic infections associated with the progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), specifically pneumocystis carinii, myobacterium tuberculosis and pyogenic bacteria. these cases of active pulmonary complications are direct ... | 1999 | 10583442 |
| a comparison of three strategies for risk-adjustment of outcomes for aids patients hospitalized for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the need for risk-adjustment of patient outcomes has been driven by the competitive health care market and the subsequent increase in comparative outcome reporting among health care institutions, among managed care plans, and among individual providers for some procedures (e.g. coronary artery bypass graft surgery). however, if the outcomes reported do not take into account patient characteristics that can be considered dimensions of risk for poor clinical outcomes or increased utilization of se ... | 1999 | 10583654 |
| high rates of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in allogeneic blood and marrow transplant recipients receiving dapsone prophylaxis. | chemoprophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is routinely given after allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation. we evaluated the effectiveness of dapsone prophylaxis (50 mg orally twice daily, 3 times per week) compared with twice-weekly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) in preventing pcp after allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation. patients included all (n=646) who received allogeneic blood or marrow transplants between 1 september 1993 and 31 december 1996 who survive ... | 1999 | 10585797 |
| association of primary pneumocystis carinii infection and sudden infant death syndrome. | to delineate clinical and histological features of the first pneumocystis carinii infection affecting the immunocompetent host, p. carinii-specific histological stains were performed on autopsy lung specimens from 534 consecutive pediatric patients (those with aids and malignancies were excluded) in santiago, chile. p. carinii clusters were found in 4 (25%) of 16 infants who died of no apparent cause at arrival to the emergency department, and in 10 (2.9%) of 342 infants who died of multiple con ... | 1999 | 10585801 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and hiv-negative immunocompromised patients. | for 89 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and 32 hiv-negative immunocompromised patients who had 121 episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), clinical features and changes over time were compared. hiv-infected patients characteristically had a longer duration of symptoms (23 vs. 13 days; p<.005); were younger (39 vs. 48 years; p<.001); had a higher frequency of sweating, weight loss, and thoracic pain; and had fewer admissions to the intensive care unit (16% vs. 31%; p<.05). in ... | 1999 | 10585806 |
| spectrum of opportunistic infections and malignancies in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection in south korea. | to determine the frequency and types of major opportunistic diseases in patients with hiv infection in south korea, we reviewed the medical records of 173 hiv-infected patients. the patients were seen from 1985 to 1998 at a referral hospital for aids in south korea. most patients (85%) were male, and 107 (62%) were infected by heterosexual contacts. cd4+ lymphocyte counts at presentation were <200/microl in 27% of the patients. tuberculosis was the most frequent opportunistic infection (25% of p ... | 1999 | 10585807 |
| imaging-guided percutaneous biopsy of focal splenic lesions: update on safety and effectiveness. | the purpose of this study is to determine the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous imaging-guided biopsy in the diagnosis of focal splenic lesions. | 1999 | 10587123 |
| enhanced in vivo human immunodeficiency virus-1 replication in the lungs of human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the relationship of serum human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) rna levels to hiv-1 rna levels in other compartments, such as the lungs, is not well characterized. the purpose of this study was to determine the viral burden of hiv-1 in the lungs by comparing hiv-1 rna in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) with that in serum. specimens were examined from 77 hiv-seropositive adults (cd4(+) cell counts: 0 to 700 cells/mm(3); 48% receiving prescribed antiretroviral agents), comprising 43 ... | 1999 | 10588627 |
| randomized trial of weekly sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine vs. daily low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after liver transplantation. | we conducted a prospective, randomized clinical trial among liver transplant patients to assess the efficacy and safety of weekly sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine compared with daily trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the studied drugs were given during 6 months after transplantation. one hundred twenty patients were included. none of the 60 patients receiving weekly sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, whereas two cases (3% ... | 1999 | 10589886 |