Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| fumonisin b1 toxicity in grower-finisher pigs: a comparative analysis of genetically engineered bt corn and non-bt corn by using quantitative dietary exposure assessment modeling. | in this study, we investigate the long-term exposure (20 weeks) to fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) in grower-finisher pigs by conducting a quantitative exposure assessment (qea). our analytical approach involved both deterministic and semi-stochastic modeling for dietary comparative analyses of fb(1) exposures originating from genetically engineered bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-corn, conventional non-bt corn and distiller's dried grains with solubles (ddgs) derived from bt and/or non-bt corn. results from ... | 2011 | 21909298 |
| Ctriporin, a new anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus peptide from the venom of the scorpion Chaerilus tricostatus. | Antibiotic-resistant microbes, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, seriously threaten human health. The outbreak of "superbugs" in recent years emphasizes once again the need for the development of new antimicrobial agents or resources. Antimicrobial peptides have an evident bactericidal effect against multidrug-resistant pathogens. In the present study, a new antimicrobial peptide, ctriporin, was cloned and characterized from the venom of the scorpion Chaerilus tricostatus, an ... | 2011 | 21876042 |
| a pangenomic study of bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis (b. thuringiensis) is a soil-dwelling gram-positive bacterium and its plasmid-encoded toxins (cry) are commonly used as biological alternatives to pesticides. in a pangenomic study, we sequenced seven b. thuringiensis isolates in both high coverage and base-quality using the next-generation sequencing platform. the b. thuringiensis pangenome was extrapolated to have 4196 core genes and an asymptotic value of 558 unique genes when a new genome is added. compared to the pang ... | 2011 | 22196399 |
| RNA interference of an antimicrobial peptide, gloverin, of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, enhances susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis. | Gloverin is known to be an inducible antimicrobial peptide. This study reports a gloverin gene (Seglv) identified from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Seglv encodes 175 amino acids with a signal peptide. Its amino acid sequence is highly homologous (>95%) to other known gloverins. Seglv was expressed from egg to adult stages even without immune challenge. Especially, in larval stage, it was expressed in all tested tissues, such as hemocyte, fat body, gut, and epidermis. However, the consti ... | 2011 | 21925182 |
| Friction and Adhesion Forces of Bacillus thuringiensis Spores on Planar Surfaces in Atmospheric Systems. | The kinetic friction force and the adhesion force of Bacillus thuringiensis spores on planar surfaces in atmospheric systems were studied using atomic force microscopy. The influence of relative humidity (RH) on these forces varied for different surface properties including hydrophobicity, roughness, and surface charge. The friction force of the spore was greater on a rougher surface than on mica, which is atomically flat. As RH increases, the friction force of the spores decreases on mica where ... | 2011 | 22059743 |
| cloning, characterization and diversity of insecticidal crystal protein genes of bacillus thuringiensis native isolates from soils of andaman and nicobar islands. | bt strains were isolated from soils of andaman and nicobar islands and characterized by microscopic and molecular methods. diversity was observed both in protein and cry gene profiles, where majority of the isolates showed presence of 65 kda protein band on sds-page while rest of them showed 130, 72, 44, and 29 kda bands. pcr analysis revealed predominance of cry1i and cry7, 8 genes in these isolates. the pcr screening strategy presented here led us to identify putative novel cry genes which cou ... | 2011 | 21858696 |
| Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Formulated Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as a Feed Additive and Using Topical Applications for Control of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae in Caged-Poultry Manure. | Infestations of house flies, Musca domestica L., are a continual problem around poultry establishments. Acute toxicity of two commercial Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis (Bti) formulations (water-dispersible granules and bran formulation) was evaluated against larvae in the laboratory and against natural populations of M. domestica larvae in the field applied in feed to chickens and as topical applications in the poultry houses. Bioassay data showed that susceptibility of M. domestica ... | 2011 | 22182611 |
| Molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from diverse habitats of India. | Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains were isolated from 94 samples from different geographical regions. Novel types of crystalline inclusion bodies were observed from some of the isolates. Crystalline inclusions of bipyramidal, spherical and cuboidal morphology were found produced by most of the isolates. Isolate GS12 showed crystal on one side of spore while isolate GM108 formed crystals on both termini of spore. Isolate GN31 produced large sized bipyramidal crystals. SDS-PAGE analysis of the sp ... | 2011 | 22144134 |
| single molecule fluorescence study of the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1aa reveals tetramerization. | pore-forming toxins constitute a class of potent virulence factors that attack their host membrane in a two- or three-step mechanism. after binding to the membrane, often aided by specific receptors, they form pores in the membrane. pore formation either unfolds a cytolytic activity in itself or provides a pathway to introduce enzymes into the cells that act upon intracellular proteins. the elucidation of the pore-forming mechanism of many of these toxins represents a major research challenge. a ... | 2011 | 22006922 |
| binding of bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins with brush border membrane vesicles of maize stem borer (chilo partellus swinhoe). | maize stem borer (chilo partellus) is a major insect pest of maize and sorghum in asia and africa. bacillus thuringiensis (bt) δ-endotoxins have been found effective against c. partellus, both in diet-overlay assay and in transgenic plants. gene stacking as one of the resistance management strategies in bt maize requires an understanding of receptor sharing and binding affinity of δ-endotoxins. in the present study, binding affinity of three fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled cry1a toxins showed ... | 2011 | 20831871 |
| characterization of an environmental strain of bacillus thuringiensis from a hot spring in western himalayas. | bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, is responsible for a serious and often fatal disease of mammalian livestock and humans and is an important biological warfare agent. bacillus sp. akg was isolated from a hot spring in western himalayas and species-specific primers targeting gyrb gene identified the strain as b. anthracis within cereus-group. cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of the partial gyrb sequence from strain akg indicated a close affiliation with b. anthra ... | 2011 | 20737272 |
| effect of bt genetic engineering on indirect defense in cotton via a tritrophic interaction. | we present a tritrophic analysis of the potential non-intended pleiotropic effects of cry1ac gene derived from bacillus thurigiensis (bt) insertion in cotton (deltapine 404 bt bollgard® variety) on the emission of herbivore induced volatile compounds and on the attraction of the egg parasitoid trichogramma pretisoum (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae). both the herbivore damaged bt variety and its non-bt isoline (deltapine dp4049 variety) produced volatiles in higher quantity when compared to undam ... | 2011 | 20521103 |
| a multiplex real-time pcr for identifying and differentiating b. anthracis virulent types. | bacillus anthracis is closely related to the endospore forming bacteria bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. for accurate detection of the life threatening pathogen b. anthracis, it is essential to distinguish between these three species. here we present a novel multiplex real-time pcr for simultaneous specific identification of b. anthracis and discrimination of different b. anthracis virulence types. specific b. anthracis markers were selected by whole genome comparison and different se ... | 2011 | 20826037 |
| wide-scale application of bti/bs biolarvicide in different aquatic habitat types in urban and peri-urban malindi, kenya. | larval control is a major component in mosquito control programs. this study evaluated the wide-scale application of bti/bs biolarvicide (bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis [bti] and bacillus sphaericus [bs]) in different aquatic habitats in urban and peri-urban malindi, kenya. this study was done from june 2006 to december 2007. the urban and peri-urban area of malindi town was mapped and categorized in grid cells of 1 km(2). a total of 16 1-km(2) cells were selected based on presence comm ... | 2011 | 20730445 |
| integration of a recombinant chitinase into bacillus thuringiensis parasporal insecticidal crystal. | chitinases have been successfully used in combination with bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins forming crystals in order to enhance their insecticidal activities. in this context, we opted for promoting the chitinase integration into these crystals. thus, we engineered, for the first time, a fusion protein (cdf) consisting of the chitinase chi255 and the carboxy-terminal half of cry1ac, both from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. the constructed transcriptional fusion (chi255δsp-ctcry1ac) wa ... | 2011 | 20625731 |
| characterization of a novel bacillus thuringiensis phenotype possessing multiple appendages attached to a parasporal body. | bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium best known for its production of crystal-like bodies comprised of one or more cry-proteins, which can be toxic to insects, nematodes or cancer cells. although strains of b. thuringiensis have occasionally been observed with filamentous appendages attached to their spores, appendages in association with their parasporal bodies are extremely rare. herein we report the characterization of bt1-88, a bacterial strain isolated from the caribbean that produces a sp ... | 2011 | 20640854 |
| expression of bt-cry3a in transgenic populus alba × p. glandulosa and its effects on target and non-target pests and the arthropod community. | during the growing seasons of 2006-2008, feeding tests and field studies were conducted in beijing, china, to investigate the effects of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) poplar (bga-5) expressing the cry3a protein (0.0264-0.0326% of the total soluble protein) on target and non-target pests and the arthropod community. the effects of bga-5 on the target pest plagiodera versicolora (coleoptera, chrysomelidae) and a non-target pest clostera anachoreta (lepidoptera, notodontidae), were assesse ... | 2011 | 20703808 |
| a cry1ac toxin variant generated by directed evolution has enhanced toxicity against lepidopteran insects. | cry1ac insecticidal crystal proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have become an important natural biological agent for the control of lepidopteran insects. in this study, a cry1ac toxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis 4.0718 was modified by using error-prone pcr, staggered extension process (step) shuffling combined with red/et homologous recombination to investigate the insecticidal activity of delta-endotoxin cry1ac. a cry1ac toxin variant (designated as t524n) screened by insect ... | 2011 | 20669019 |
| effects of host plant and genetic background on the fitness costs of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis. | novel resistance to pathogens and pesticides is commonly associated with a fitness cost. however, measurements of the fitness costs of insecticide resistance have used diverse methods to control for genetic background and rarely assess the effects of environmental variation. here, we explored how genetic background interacts with resource quality to affect the expression of the fitness costs associated with resistance. we used a serially backcrossed line of the diamondback moth, plutella xyloste ... | 2011 | 20517345 |
| effect of broad- and narrow-spectrum antimicrobials on clostridium difficile and microbial diversity in a model of the distal colon. | vancomycin, metronidazole, and the bacteriocin lacticin 3147 are active against a wide range of bacterial species, including clostridium difficile. we demonstrate that, in a human distal colon model, the addition of each of the three antimicrobials resulted in a significant decrease in numbers of c. difficile. however, their therapeutic use in the gastrointestinal tract may be compromised by their broad spectrum of activity, which would be expected to significantly impact on other members of the ... | 2011 | 20616009 |
| binding of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cry4ba to cyt1aa has an important role in synergism. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) produces at least four different crystal proteins that are specifically toxic to different mosquito species and that belong to two non-related family of toxins, cry and cyt named cry4aa, cry4ba, cry11aa and cyt1aa. cyt1aa enhances the activity of cry4aa, cry4ba or cry11aa and overcomes resistance of culex quinquefasciatus populations resistant to cry11aa, cry4aa or cry4ba. cyt1aa synergized cry11aa by their specific interaction since single point m ... | 2011 | 20558220 |
| overproduction of delta-endotoxins by sporeless bacillus thuringiensis mutants obtained by nitrous acid mutagenesis. | asporogenic and oligosporogenic bacillus thuringiensis mutants having the ability to overproduce insecticidal crystal protein were generated by using nitrous acid (50 mg/ml), as chemical mutagenic agent. insecticidal crystal proteins produced by asporogenic mutants remained encapsulated within the cells. delta-endotoxin production by most of mutants was improved compared to the corresponding wild strains bns3 and a mutant m26. the overproduction by asporogenic and oligosporogenic mutants was att ... | 2011 | 20490495 |
| effectiveness of a new granular formulation of biolarvicide bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against larvae of malaria vectors in india. | control of vector(s) or mosquitoes, in general, through biolarvicide as an alternate biocontrol agent is a greatest desire. we evaluated a water-dispersible granular formulation biolarvicide bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti, h-14 serotype; vectobac(®) wdg) in the laboratory and also in the field against two principal malaria vectors, anopheles culicifacies and anopheles stephensi. laboratory evaluations against laboratory-reared immature of the two species were carried out at a tempe ... | 2011 | 20491582 |
| rapid field detection assays for bacillus anthracis, brucella spp., francisella tularensis and yersinia pestis. | rapid detection is essential for timely initiation of medical post-exposure prophylactic measures in the event of intentional release of biological threat agents. we compared real-time pcr assay performance between the applied biosystems 7300/7500 and the razor instruments for specific detection of the causative agents of anthrax, brucellosis, tularemia and plague. furthermore, an assay detecting bacillus thuringiensis, a bacillus anthracis surrogate, was developed for field-training purposes. a ... | 2011 | 20132255 |
| antimicrobial potential of egg yolk ovoinhibitor, a multidomain kazal-like inhibitor of chicken egg. | chicken egg ovoinhibitor is a multidomain kazal-type serine protease inhibitor with unknown function. comparison of expression between different tissues indicated that ovoinhibitor is highly expressed in the magnum and liver followed by the uterus, which secrete egg white, egg yolk, and eggshell precursors, respectively. the results also revealed that ovoinhibitor expression is increased in the liver during sexual maturation followed by a subsequent decrease in mature hens. ovoinhibitor was puri ... | 2011 | 22010862 |
| Genetically modified crops and aquatic ecosystems: considerations for environmental risk assessment and non-target organism testing. | Environmental risk assessments (ERA) support regulatory decisions for the commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops. The ERA for terrestrial agroecosystems is well-developed, whereas guidance for ERA of GM crops in aquatic ecosystems is not as well-defined. The purpose of this document is to demonstrate how comprehensive problem formulation can be used to develop a conceptual model and to identify potential exposure pathways, using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize as a case stud ... | 2011 | 22120952 |
| Construction of Gene Library of 20 kb DNAs from Parasporal Crystal in Bacillus thuringiensis Strain 4.0718: Phylogenetic Analysis and Molecular Docking. | The 20 kb DNAs are associated with crystals in many subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis. We isolated 20 kb DNAs from crystals of B. thuringiensis strain 4.0718, then constructed a gene library using DNA fragments of Sau3AI partial digestion and pbluescriptIISK(+) vector. We screened out 440 recombinants, yielding a genomic coverage of ten and including 99% sequence of DNA which achieved the required theoretical value to construct the gene library. Through NCBI Blast and homology analysis, the s ... | 2011 | 22038038 |
| stability, oviposition attraction, and larvicidal activity of binary toxin from bacillus sphaericus expressed in escherichia coli. | bacillus sphaericus produces a two-chain binary toxin composed of bina (42 kda) and binb (51 kda), which are deposited as parasporal crystals during sporulation. the toxin is highly active against culex larvae and aedes and anopheles mosquitoes, which are the principal vectors for the transmission of malaria, yellow fever, encephalitis, and dengue. the use of b. sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis in mosquito control programs is limited by their sedimentation in still water. in this study, the ... | 2011 | 22202967 |
| improving cry8ka toxin activity towards the cotton boll weevil (anthonomus grandis). | the cotton boll weevil (anthonomus grandis) is a serious insect-pest in the americas, particularly in brazil. the use of chemical or biological insect control is not effective against the cotton boll weevil because of its endophytic life style. therefore, the use of biotechnological tools to produce insect-resistant transgenic plants represents an important strategy to reduce the damage to cotton plants caused by the boll weevil. the present study focuses on the identification of novel molecules ... | 2011 | 21906288 |
| Phage-borne factors and host LexA regulate the lytic switch in phage GIL01. | The Bacillus thuringiensis temperate phage GIL01 does not integrate into the host chromosome but exists stably as an independent linear replicon within the cell. Similar to that of the lambdoid prophages, the lytic cycle of GIL01 is induced as part of the cellular SOS response to DNA damage. However, no CI-like maintenance repressor has been detected in the phage genome, suggesting that GIL01 uses a novel mechanism to maintain lysogeny. To gain insights into the GIL01 regulatory circuit, we isol ... | 2011 | 21890699 |
| transcription profiling of resistance to bti toxins in the mosquito aedes aegypti using next-generation sequencing. | the control of mosquitoes transmitting infectious diseases relies mainly on the use of chemical insecticides. however, resistance to most chemical insecticides threatens mosquito control programs. in this context, the spraying of toxins produced by the bacteria bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) in larval habitats represents an alternative to chemical insecticides and is now widely used for mosquito control. recent studies suggest that resistance of mosquitoes to bti toxin may occur ... | 2011 | 22115744 |
| [obtaining of water soluble microbial melanin and study of its some properties]. | the effective sorption method for melanin isolation and purification from fermentation solutions of bacillus thuringiensis serovar galleriae k1 has been elaborated, the principle process flowsheet is presented. the identification of obtained pigment with the samples of natural and synthetic melanin was done by ir-spectroscopy, and the intensity ratio of optical absorption at 650 and 500 nm allows to refer the isolated melanin to eumelanin class. by thermal treatment it was determined, that melan ... | 2011 | 22232896 |
| compositional equivalence of insect-protected glyphosate-tolerant soybean mon 87701 × mon 89788 to conventional soybean extends across different world regions and multiple growing seasons. | the soybean product mon 87701 × mon 89788 expresses both the cry1ac gene derived from bacillus thuringiensis and the cp4 epsps (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene derived from agrobacterium sp. strain cp4. each biotechnology-derived trait confers specific benefits of insect resistance and glyphosate tolerance, respectively. the purpose of this study was to compare the composition of seed and forage from this combined-trait product to those of conventional soybean grown in geog ... | 2011 | 21985102 |
| [characterization of bacillus thuringiensis sigk disruption mutant and its influence on activation of cry3a promoter]. | to construct and characterize a sigk gene disruption mutant of bacillus thuringiensis and to study influence of sigk gene disruption on the activation of cry3a gene promoter. | 2011 | 22126072 |
| Compatibility of garlic (Allium sativum L.) leaf agglutinin and Cry1Ac d-endotoxin for gene pyramiding. | d-Endotoxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been used as bio-pesticides for the control of lepidopteran insect pests. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) leaf agglutinin (ASAL), being toxic to several sap-sucking pests and some lepidopteran pests, may be a good candidate for pyramiding with d-endotoxins in transgenic plants for enhancing the range of resistance to insect pests. Since ASAL shares the midgut receptors with Cry1Ac in Helicoverpa armigera, there is possibility of antagonism in ... | 2011 | 21870043 |
| use of mixed cultures of biocontrol agents to control sheep nematodes. | biological control is a promising non-chemical approach for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. use of combinations of biocontrol agents have been reported to be an effective method to increase the efficacy of biological control effects. in this study, combinations of either two bacillus thuringiensis (bt) or clonostachys rosea (c. rosea) isolates and bt+c. rosea isolates were evaluated in vitro in microtitre plates for their biocontrol activity on sheep nematodes. the baermann t ... | 2011 | 21962967 |
| Early warning of cotton bollworm resistance associated with intensive planting of Bt cotton in China. | Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins kill some key insect pests, but evolution of resistance by pests can reduce their efficacy. The predominant strategy for delaying pest resistance to Bt crops requires refuges of non-Bt host plants to promote survival of susceptible pests. To delay pest resistance to transgenic cotton producing Bt toxin Cry1Ac, farmers in the United States and Australia planted refuges of non-Bt cotton, while farmers in China have relied on "natural" r ... | 2011 | 21857961 |
| Antibacterial activity of different degree of hydrolysis of palm kernel expeller peptides against spore-forming and non-spore-forming bacteria. | The goal of this study was to determine inhibitory effect of palm kernel expeller (PKE) peptides of different degree of hydrolysis (DH %) against spore-forming bacteria Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus stearothermophillus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Clostridium perfringens; and non-spore-forming bacteria Escherichia coli, Lisinibacillus sphaericus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas a ... | 2011 | 21848644 |
| Insect tolerance to the crystal toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab is mediated by the binding of monomeric toxin to lipophorin glycolipids causing oligomerization and sequestration reactions. | Endotoxins from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis are used worldwide to control insect pests and vectors of diseases. Despite extensive use of the toxins as sprays and in transgenic crops, their mode of action is still not completely known. Here we show that two crystal toxins binding to different glycoprotein receptors have similar glycolipid binding properties. The glycolipid binding domain was identified in a recombinant peptide representing the domain II of the crystal toxin Cry1Ac ( ... | 2011 | 21925538 |
| Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates from Cuba, with insecticidal activity against mosquitoes. | Chemical insecticides may be toxic and cause environmental degradation. Consequently, biological control for insects represents an alternative with low ecological impact. In this work, three soil isolates (A21, A51 and C17) from different regions of the Cuban archipelago were identified, characterized and evaluated against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The new isolates were compared with reference IPS82 strain and two strains isolated from biolarvicides Bactivec and Bactoculicida, re ... | 2011 | 22017108 |
| Nanoscale imaging of Bacillus thuringiensis flagella using atomic force microscopy. | Because bacterial flagella play essential roles in various processes (motility, adhesion, host interactions, secretion), studying their expression in relation to function is an important challenge. Here, we use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to gain insight into the nanoscale surface properties of two wild-type and four mutant strains of Bacillus thuringiensis exhibiting various levels of flagellation. We show that, unlike AFM in liquid, AFM in air is a simple and reliable approach to observe the ... | 2011 | 22159046 |
| [Coordinative compounds of zinc with N-substituted thiocarbamoil-N'-pentamethylensulfenamides--activity modifiers of enzymes of proteolytic and glycolytic action]. | The influence of a number of coordinative compounds of zinc with N-substituted thiocarbamoil-N'-pentamethylensulfenamides on activity of elastase, alpha-L-rhamnosidase and alpha-galactosidases evidence for a possibility of their usage as stimulators or inhibitors of enzymes tested have been studied. It was shown that all the compounds in concentration of 0.1 and 0.01% inhibited by 90-100% Bacillus thuringiensis 27-88Els+ elastase activity. [Zn(L2)Br2], [Zn(L1)(NCS)2] and [Zn(L3)(NCS)2] at 20 h e ... | 2011 | 21888052 |
| [Effects of Bt corn straw insecticidal proteins on enzyme activities of Eisenia fetida]. | Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins released from Bt corn can enter soil ecosystem via returning straw into field, root exudation, and pollen fluttering-down. In this study, the straws of Bt corn and its near-isogenic non-Bt line were added into soil with an application rate of 5% and 7.5% to breed Eisenia fetida, and the total protein content and the activities of acetylcholine esterase (AchE), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in E. fetida were de ... | 2011 | 22097378 |
| Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin increases the susceptibility of Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata to Beauveria bassiana infection. | The spotted asparagus beetle, Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is one of the most devastating pests of asparagus in China. Sprayed synthetic pesticides have been used to control C. quatuordecimpunctata damage, but they pose problems because of residues and harm to natural enemies. Neither the microbial coleopteran-specific toxin from Bacillus thuringiensistenebrionis, Cry3Aa, nor the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana have sufficient activity to effectively control C. ... | 2011 | 22200644 |
| Molecular characterization of a novel vegetative insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis effective against sap-sucking insect pest. | Several isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were screened for the vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip) effective against sap-sucking insect pests. Screening results were based on LC(50) values against cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), one of the dangerous pests of various crop plants including cotton. Among the isolates, the Bt#BREF24 showed promising results, and upon purification the aphidicidal protein was recognized as a binary toxin. One of the components of this binary toxin was identifi ... | 2011 | 21952370 |
| [Cloning of a large plasmid pBMB28 in Bacillus thuringiensis]. | Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. finitimus strain YBT-020 is a typical strain with the spore-crystal association (SCA) phenotype. In our previous studies, plasmid curing experiment suggested that native plasmid pBMB28 of strain YBT-020 might contribute to the SCA phenotype. Thus, plasmid pBMB28 was cloned in order to isolate the genes related to SCA on pBMB28. Using shuttle vector pEMB0557, a shuttle genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of B. thuringiensis strain YBT-020 was cons ... | 2011 | 21993289 |
| evaluation of dna extraction methods for bacillus anthracis spores spiked to food and feed matrices at biosafety level 3 conditions. | the dna extraction efficiency from milk, whey, soy, corn gluten meal, wheat powders and heat-treated corn grain that were spiked with bacillus anthracis and bacillus thuringiensis spores was determined. two steps were critical: lysis of the spores and binding of the free dna to the dna binding magnetic beads in the presence of the interfering powders. for the guanidine-thiocyanate based nuclisens lysis buffer from biomerieux we found that between 15 and 30% of the spores survived the lysis step. ... | 2011 | 21864928 |
| the 20-kda chaperone-like protein of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis enhances yield, crystal size and solubility of cry3a. | aims: to determine whether the 20-kda chaperone-like protein of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis enhances synthesis, crystallization and solubility of the cry3a coleopteran toxin and whether the crystalline inclusions produced are toxic to neonates of the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata. methods and results: the cry3a gene was expressed in the 4q7 strain of b. thuringiensis ssp. israelensis in the absence or presence of the 20-kda gene. the 20-kda protein enhanced cry3 ... | 2011 | 22085291 |
| transport of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki via fomites. | the intentional and controlled release of an aerosolized bacterium provides an opportunity to investigate the implications of a biological attack. since 2006, los alamos national laboratory has worked with several urban areas, including fairfax county, va, to design experiments to evaluate biodefense concepts of operations using routine spraying of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (btk). btk is dispersed in large quantities as a slurry to control the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar. understandi ... | 2011 | 21882970 |
| Scanning surface potential microscopy of spore adhesion on surfaces. | The adhesion of spores of Bacillus anthracis - the cause of anthrax and a likely biological threat - to solid surfaces is an important consideration in cleanup after an accidental or deliberate release. However, because of safety concerns, directly studying B. anthracis spores with advanced instrumentation is problematic. As a first step, we are examining the electrostatic potential of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which is a closely related species that is often used as a simulant to study B. an ... | 2011 | 22196463 |
| synergistic activity between bacillus thuringiensis cry6aa and cry55aa toxins against meloidogyne incognita. | plant-parasitic nematodes are the most destructive group of plant pathogens worldwide and are extremely challenging to control. some bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins are highly toxic to the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita. in this study, the nematicidal crystal proteins cry6aa, cry5ba and cry55aa were tested against m. incognita to select the best toxin combination for its management. the results showed that a combination of cry6aa and cry55aa showed significant synergistic ... | 2011 | 21923640 |
| Protist-type lysozymes of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contribute to resistance against pathogenic Bacillus thuringiensis. | Pathogens represent a universal threat to other living organisms. Most organisms express antimicrobial proteins and peptides, such as lysozymes, as a protection against these challenges. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans harbours 15 phylogenetically diverse lysozyme genes, belonging to two distinct types, the protist- or Entamoeba-type (lys genes) and the invertebrate-type (ilys genes) lysozymes. In the present study we characterized the role of several protist-type lysozyme genes in defence a ... | 2011 | 21931778 |
| The impact of the Bacillus subtilis SPB1 biosurfactant on the midgut histology of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and determination of its putative receptor. | SPB1 is a Bacillus subtilis strain producing a lipopeptide biosurfactant. The insecticidal activity of this biosurfactant was evaluated against the Egyptian cotton leaf worm (Spodoptera littoralis). It displayed toxicity with an LC(50) of 251ng/cm(2). The histopathological changes occurred in the larval midgut of S. littoralis treated with B. subtilis SPB1 biosurfactant were vesicle formation in the apical region, cellular vacuolization and destruction of epithelial cells and their boundaries. L ... | 2011 | 22079884 |
| persistence of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in urban environments following spraying. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki is applied extensively in north america to control the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar. since b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki shares many physical and biological properties with bacillus anthracis, it is a reasonable surrogate for biodefense studies. a key question in biodefense is how long a biothreat agent will persist in the environment. there is some information in the literature on the persistence of bacillus anthracis in laboratories and historical test ... | 2011 | 21926205 |
| Regulatory considerations surrounding the deployment Of Bt-expressing cowpea In Africa: Report of the deliberations of an expert panel. | Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata spp. unguiculata) is adapted to the drier agro-ecological zones of West Africa where it is a major source of dietary protein and widely used as a fodder crop. Improving the productivity of cowpea can enhance food availability and security in West Africa. Insect predation - predominately from the legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata), flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) and a complex of pod-sucking bugs (e.g., Clavigralla spp.) - is a major yield-limiting factor in West ... | 2011 | 22179194 |
| suppressing erwinia carotovora pathogenicity by projecting n-acyl homoserine lactonase onto the surface of pseudomonas putida cells. | n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) serve as the vital quorum-sensing signals that regulate the virulence of the pathogenic bacterium erwinia carotovora. in the present study, an approach to efficiently restrain the pathogenicity of e. carotovora-induced soft rot disease is described. bacillus thuringiensis-derived n-acyl homoserine lactonase (aiia) was projected onto the surface of pseudomonas putida cells, and inoculation with both strains was challenged. the previously identified n-terminal moi ... | 2011 | 22210621 |
| control of mosquito larvae in seasonal wetlands on a wildlife refuge using vectomax cg. | there is a great need for novel insecticides to control mosquitoes. vectomax is a new mosquito larvicide that combines toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) and bacillus sphaericus (bs), and is designed to provide extended mosquito control. we tested the initial efficacy and longevity of control of mosquitoes using one of the formulations, vectomax cg, in a full-scale study conducted in seasonal wetlands. vectomax cg was applied by air at 8.9 kg/ha to 3 wetlands and 3 other ... | 2011 | 22329272 |
| evaluating the non-rice host plant species of sesamia inferens (lepidoptera: noctuidae) as natural refuges: resistance management of bt rice. | although rice (oryza sativa l.) lines that express bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins have shown great potential for managing the major lepidoptera pests of rice in southern china, including sesamia inferens, their long-term use is dependent on managing resistance development to bt toxins in pest populations. the maintenance of "natural" refuges, non-bt expressing plants that are hosts for a target pest, has been proposed as a means to minimize the evolution of resistance to bt toxins in transge ... | 2011 | 22251655 |
| the effect of seston on mortality of simulium vittatum (diptera: simuliidae) from insecticidal proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | water was collected from a site on the susquehanna river in eastern pennsylvania, where less-than-optimal black fly larval mortality had been occasionally observed after treatment with bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis de barjac insecticidal crystalline proteins (bti icps). a series of experiments was conducted with simulium vittatum zetterstedt larvae to determine the water related factors responsible for the impaired response to bti icps (vectobac 12s, strain am 65-52). seston in the w ... | 2011 | 22217757 |
| early murine immune responses from endotracheal exposures to biotechnology-related bacillus strains. | an immunology-based in vivo screening regime was used to assess the potential pathogenicity of biotechnology-related microbes. strains of bacillus cereus (bc), bacillus subtilis (bs), bacillus thuringiensis (bt), and bt commercial products (cps) were tested. balb/c mice were endotracheally instilled with purified spores, diluted cp, or vegetative cells (vc) (live or dead). exposed mice were evaluated for changes in behavioral and physical symptoms, bacterial clearance, pulmonary granulocytes, an ... | 2011 | 23087536 |
| computational modeling deduced three dimensional structure of cry1ab16 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis ac11. | the first theoretical structural model of newly reported cry1ab16 δ-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis ac11 was predicted using homology modeling technique. cry1ab16 resembles the cry1aa protein structure by sharing a common three domains structure responsible in pore forming and specificity determination along with few structural deviations. the main differences between the two is in the length of loops, absence of α7b, α9a, α10b, α11a and presence of additional β12b, α13 components w ... | 2011 | 23729892 |
| comparison of the insecticide susceptibilities of laboratory strains of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | a susceptible strain of aedes albopictus derived from the gainesville strain (florida, usa) was established in our laboratory. the larvicidal efficacies of the neurotoxic insecticides temephos, permethrin and the pure cis and trans-permethrin isomers and the microbial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) against ae. albopictus were estimated and compared to a susceptible strain of aedes aegypti. the larvicidal effect of insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen was also evaluated in b ... | 2011 | 22241122 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores host bacteria that affect nutrient biodynamics and biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogens. | the aim of this research was to isolate and characterize bacteria from spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf). we designated these bacteria 'probable endobacteria' (pe). three bacterial strains were isolated from approximately 500 spores of gigaspora margarita (becker and hall) using a hypodermic needle (diameter, 200 μm). the bacteria were identified by morphological methods and on the basis of ribosomal gene sequences as bacillus sp. (ktcigm01), bacillus thuringiensis (ktcigm02), and pae ... | 2011 | 23213368 |
| hydrogen and polyhydroxybutyrate producing abilities of bacillus spp. from glucose in two stage system. | metabolic activities of four bacillus strains to transform glucose into hydrogen (h(2)) and polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) in two stages were investigated in this study. under batch culture conditions, bacillus thuringiensis egu45 and bacillus cereus egu44 evolved 1.67-1.92 mol h(2)/mol glucose, respectively during the initial 3 days of incubation at 37°c. in the next 2 days, the residual glucose solutions along with b. thuringiensis egu45 shaken at 200 rpm was found to produce phb yield of 11.3% of ... | 2011 | 23024402 |
| the effectiveness of trypsin modulating oostatic factor (tmof) and combination of tmof with bacillus thuringiensis against aedes aegypti larvae in the laboratory. | trypsin modulating oostatic factor (tmof) terminates trypsin biosynthesis in adult and larval mosquito gut. it will inhibit the growth and development of mosquito larvae feeding on it resulting in death by starvation. the objective of this study is to determine the effective dose of pichia-tmof and the combination of pichia-tmof with bacillus thuringiensis (bt) as larvicide on ae. aegypti larvae. | 2011 | 22808406 |
| the pore-forming protein cry5b elicits the pathogenicity of bacillus sp. against caenorhabditis elegans. | the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis is a pathogen of insects and nematodes and is very closely related to, if not the same species as, bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis. the defining characteristic of b. thuringiensis that sets it apart from b. cereus and b. anthracis is the production of crystal (cry) proteins, which are pore-forming toxins or pore-forming proteins (pfps). although it is known that pfps are important virulence factors since their elimination results in reduced virule ... | 2011 | 22216181 |
| evidence of bacillus thuringiensis intra-serovar diversity revealed by bacillus cereus group-specific repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based pcr genomic fingerprinting. | bacillus thuringiensis is classified into serovars on the basis of h-flagellar antigens. several alternative typing methods have been described. among them, a b. cereus group-specific repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-pcr fingerprinting technique was shown to be discriminative and able to identify b. thuringiensis serovars. the aim of this study was to investigate the genomic diversity and relationship among b. thuringiensis strains collected from different argentinean ecosystems. thirty-s ... | 2011 | 22286045 |
| feed intake, milk production and composition of crossbred cows fed with insect-protected bollgard ii® cottonseed containing cry1ac and cry2ab proteins. | twenty crossbred lactating multiparous cows were used in a 28-day study to compare dry matter intake (dmi), milk yield, milk composition and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) protein concentrations in plasma when fed diets containing bollgard ii(®) cottonseed (bgii) or a control non-genetically modified isogenic cottonseed (con). bollgard ii cottonseed contains the cry1ac and cry2ab insecticidal proteins that protect cotton plants from feeding damage caused by certain lepidopteran insects. cows were a ... | 2011 | 22440417 |
| parasitism by the endoparasitoid, cotesia flavipes induces cellular immunosuppression and enhances susceptibility of the sugar cane borer, diatraea saccharalis to bacillus thuringiensis. | cotesia flavipes cameron (hymenoptera: braconidae), is a gregarious larval endoparasitoid of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis fabricius (lepidoptera: crambidae). the aim of this research was to analyze cellular immunosuppression of d. saccharalis parasitized by c. flavipes in terms of encapsulation, melanization, and hemocyte nodule formation. the encapsulation assay was done 1 and 6 days after parasitoid oviposition. in addition, the susceptibility of parasitized and nonparasitzed larv ... | 2011 | 22225507 |
| active enhancement of bacillus thuringiensis subsp-israelensis toxins and protein-purification. | bacillus thuringiensis sub sp. ilsraelensis de barjac, that produce insecticidal protein endotoxins are used for mosquito control. the bacterium produces several cry and cytoxins that individually show activity against mosquitoes. a crylla protein ia848, which corresponds to the first 848 amino acids from n-terminal of crylla-gene was purified from e. coli by ni-nta affinity isolation, q-sepharose fast-flow chromatography & super-200 size exclusion chromatography. it was determined using laborat ... | 2011 | 22435159 |
| effect of mir604 transgenic maize at different stages of development on western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in a central missouri field environment. | the establishment and survival of western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, was evaluated on transgenic bacillus thuringiensis berliner maize, zea mays l., expressing the mcry3a protein (mir604) and non-bt maize with the same genetic background (isoline maize) at different stages of development in 2007 and 2008. overall, western corn rootworm larval recovery, root damage, and adult emergence were significantly higher on isoline maize compared with mir604. the number of larva ... | 2011 | 22299370 |
| effects of transgenic bt rice on growth, reproduction, and superoxide dismutase activity of folsomia candida (collembola: isotomidae) in laboratory studies. | transgenic rice expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crylab protein is expected to be commercialized in china in the near future. the use of bt rice for controlling insect pests sparks intensive debates regarding its biosafety. folsomia candida is an euedaphic species and is often used as a "standard" test organism in assessing effects of environmental pollutants on soil organisms. in this study, growth, development, reproduction, and superoxide dismutase activity (sod) of f. candida were inve ... | 2011 | 22299350 |
| cereulide produced by bacillus cereus increases the fitness of the producer organism in low-potassium environments. | cereulide, produced by certain bacillus cereus strains, is a lipophilic cyclic peptide of 1152 da that binds k(+) ions with high specificity and affinity. it is toxic to humans, but its role for the producer organism is not known. we report here that cereulide operates for b. cereus to scavenge potassium when the environment is growth limiting for this ion. cereulide-producing b. cereus showed higher maximal growth rates (µ(max)) than cereulide non-producing b. cereus in k(+)-deficient medium (k ... | 2012 | 22241046 |
| the direct repeat sequence upstream of bacillus chitinase genes is cis-acting elements that negatively regulate heterologous expression in e. coli. | to explore the influence of the direct repeat sequence (drs) in bacillus chitinase genes on heterogonous expression in escherichia coli, we cloned and sequenced the entire open reading frame (orf) and upstream sequences of the chitinase b (chib) and chitinase my75 (chimy75) from bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus licheniformis. a pair of 8-bp drs was found upstream of each chi gene. chi orfs with a series of truncated drs were cloned and transformed into e. coli xl-blue. the activity of the tra ... | 2012 | 22500893 |
| chitinase production by bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus licheniformis: their potential in antifungal biocontrol. | thirty bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of plants collected from egypt and screened for production of chitinase enzymes. bacillus thuringiensis nm101-19 and bacillus licheniformis nm120-17 had the highest chitinolytic activities amongst those investigated. the production of chitinase by b. thuringiensis and b. licheniformis was optimized using colloidal chitin medium amended with 1.5% colloidal chitin, with casein as a nitrogen source, at 30°c after five days of incubation. a ... | 2012 | 22367944 |
| development of a high-resolution melting-based approach for efficient differentiation among bacillus cereus group isolates. | strains belonging to bacillus cereus group include six different species, among which are bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus weihenstephanensis, and bacillus cereus sensu stricto, a causative agent of food poisoning. sequence of the panc-housekeeping gene is used for b. cereus group affiliation to seven major phylogenetic groups (i-vii) with different ecological niches and variations in thermal growth range and spore heat resistance of b. cereus group microorganisms varies among phylogenetic group ... | 2012 | 22881064 |
| high-salt stress conditions increase the paw63 transfer frequency in bacillus thuringiensis. | conjugation experiments with bacillus thuringiensis and transfer kinetics demonstrated that salt stress has a positive impact on plasmid transfer efficiency. compared to standard osmotic conditions (0.5% nacl), plasmid transfer occurred more rapidly, and at higher frequencies (>100-fold), when bacteria were exposed to a high-salt stress (5% nacl) in liquid brain heart infusion (bhi). under milder salt conditions (2.5% nacl), only a 10-fold effect was observed in luria-bertani broth and no differ ... | 2012 | 22820331 |
| bacillus spp. toxicity against haemonchus contortus larvae in sheep fecal cultures. | the gastrointestinal nematode haemonchus contortus is a major productivity constraint in sheep. in this study, the nematicidal effects of bacillus circulans, bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, bt. var. osvaldocruzi, bt. var. morrisoni, and bt. var. kurstaki were assessed in free-living larval stages of h. contortus. a spore-crystal suspension containing approximately 2×10(8)ufc/ml of each strain was added to sheep feces that were naturally infected with h. contortus eggs, ... | 2012 | 22728159 |
| structure, biosynthesis, and properties of kurstakins, nonribosomal lipopeptides from bacillus spp. | a new family of lipopeptides produced by bacillus thuringiensis, the kurstakins, was discovered in 2000 and considered as a biomarker of this species. kurstakins are lipoheptapeptides displaying antifungal activities against stachybotrys charatum. recently, the biosynthesis mechanism, the regulation of this biosynthesis and the potential new properties of kurstakins were described in the literature. in addition, kurstakins were also detected in other species belonging to bacillus genus such as b ... | 2012 | 22678024 |
| genome characteristics of a novel phage from bacillus thuringiensis showing high similarity with phage from bacillus cereus. | bacillus thuringiensis is an important entomopathogenic bacterium belongs to the bacillus cereus group, which also includes b. anthracis and b. cereus. several genomes of phages originating from this group had been sequenced, but no genome of siphoviridae phage from b. thuringiensis has been reported. we recently sequenced and analyzed the genome of a novel phage, btcs33, from a b. thuringiensis strain, subsp. kurstaki cs33, and compared the gneome of this phage to other phages of the b. cereus ... | 2012 | 22649540 |
| production of the antimicrobial peptides caseicin a and b by bacillus isolates growing on sodium caseinate. | the aim of this study was to identify bacillus isolates capable of degrading sodium caseinate and subsequently to generate bioactive peptides with antimicrobial activity. | 2012 | 22642665 |
| sequence analysis of inducible prophage phis3501 integrated into the haemolysin ii gene of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis atcc35646. | diarrheic food poisoning by bacteria of the bacillus cereus group is mostly due to several toxins encoded in the genomes. one of them, cytotoxin k, was recently identified as responsible for severe necrotic syndromes. cytotoxin k is similar to a class of proteins encoded by genes usually annotated as haemolysin ii (hlyii) in the majority of genomes of the b. cereus group. the partially sequenced genome of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis atcc35646 contains several potentially induced proph ... | 2012 | 22567391 |
| molecular and toxigenic characterization of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from commercial ground roasted coffee. | thirty samples of roasted ground coffee beans from 10 different commercial brands were analyzed to investigate the occurrence and levels of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains. strains were evaluated for their genetic diversity by repetitive element sequence polymorphism pcr (rep-pcr) and for their toxigenic profiles, i.e., the presence of hbla, hblc, hbld, nhea, nheb, nhec, cytk, ces, and entfm. survival and multiplication of b. cereus sensu lato in the ready-to-drink coffee was ... | 2012 | 22410226 |
| complete genome sequence of the highly hemolytic strain bacillus cereus f837/76. | highly hemolytic strain bacillus cereus f837/76 was isolated in 1976 from a contaminated prostate wound. the complete nucleotide sequence of this strain reported here counts nearly 36,500 single-nucleotide differences from the closest sequenced strain, bacillus thuringiensis al hakam. f827/76 also contains a 10-kb plasmid that was not detected in the al hakam strain. | 2012 | 22374959 |
| functional assignment of yvgo, a novel set of purified and chemically characterized proteinaceous antifungal variants produced by bacillus thuringiensis sf361. | this study reports a novel class of antifungal protein derived from bacterial origin. bacillus thuringiensis sf361, the strain also responsible for producing the novel bacteriocin thurincin h, exhibits broad antifungal activity against select members of several fungal genera, including aspergillus, byssochlamys, and penicillium, as well as the pathogenic yeast candida albicans. optimal antifungal production and secretion were observed after-log phase growth when incubated at 37°c in a carbohydra ... | 2012 | 22307285 |
| bacterial mixture from greenhouse soil as a biocontrol agent against root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, on oriental melon. | the biological control efficacy of a greenhouse soil bacterial mixture of lactobacillus farraginis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis strains with antinematode activity was evaluated against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. two control groups planted in soil drenched with sterile distilled water or treated with the broadspectrum carbamate pesticide carbofuran were used for comparison. the results suggest that the bacterial mixture is effective as a biocontrol agent against ... | 2012 | 22297227 |
| superstructure of the centromeric complex of tubzrc plasmid partitioning systems. | bacterial plasmid partitioning systems segregate plasmids into each daughter cell. in the well-understood parmrc plasmid partitioning system, adapter protein parr binds to centromere parc, forming a helix around which the dna is externally wrapped. this complex stabilizes the growth of a filament of actin-like parm protein, which pushes the plasmids to the poles. the tubzrc plasmid partitioning system consists of two proteins, tubulin-like tubz and tubr, and a dna centromere, tubc, which perform ... | 2012 | 23010931 |
| synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and spectroscopic characterization of novel imidazolone, triazole and triazinone derivatives. | the reactions of 2-phenyl-4-arylmethylene-2-oxazolin-5-ones (1a, b) and 2-phenyl-4-arylazo-2-oxazolin-5-ones (8a, b) with p-aminoazobenzene derivatives (2a-c) gave the corresponding imidazolone derivatives (4a-f) and triazole derivatives (10a-f), respectively. also, the reaction of 1a with o-aminophenol to give the imidazolone derivative 5 was studied. the reaction of 1a with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine gave the corresponding 1,2,4-triazine derivatives 14a-c, respectively. the newly synthesized c ... | 2012 | 22796528 |
| two new coumarins from micromelum falcatum with cytotoxicity and brine shrimp larvae toxicity. | two new coumarins, 7-methoxy-8-(2-hydroxmethyl-1-o-isovaleryl-4-butenyl)-coumarin (1) and 7-methoxy-8-(1-hydroxy-2-o-β-glucopyranosyl-3-methyl-4-butene-1-yl)coumarin (2), and twelve known coumarins 3-14 were isolated from the stem bark of micromelum falcatum. the structures of compounds 1-14 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analyses. the toxicity of compounds 1-14 was tested using a brine shrimp assay and in vitro antiproliferative assay against mammary cancer (f10) and lung cance ... | 2012 | 22728368 |
| comparison of quantitative pcr and culture-based methods for evaluating dispersal of bacillus thuringiensis endospores at a bioterrorism hoax crime scene. | since the anthrax mail attacks of 2001, law enforcement agencies have processed thousands of suspicious mail incidents globally, many of which are hoax bioterrorism threats. bio-insecticide preparations containing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) spores have been involved in several such threats in australia, leading to the requirement for rapid and sensitive detection techniques for this organism, a close relative of bacillus anthracis. here we describe the development of a quantitative pcr (qpcr) m ... | 2012 | 22227150 |
| low-temperature decontamination with hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide for space applications. | the currently used microbial decontamination method for spacecraft and components uses dry-heat microbial reduction at temperatures of >110°c for extended periods to prevent the contamination of extraplanetary destinations. this process is effective and reproducible, but it is also long and costly and precludes the use of heat-labile materials. the need for an alternative to dry-heat microbial reduction has been identified by space agencies. investigations assessing the biological efficacy of tw ... | 2012 | 22492450 |
| genetic barcodes for improved environmental tracking of an anthrax simulant. | the development of realistic risk models that predict the dissemination, dispersion and persistence of potential biothreat agents have utilized nonpathogenic surrogate organisms such as bacillus atrophaeus subsp. globigii or commercial products such as bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. comparison of results from outdoor tests under different conditions requires the use of genetically identical strains; however, the requirement for isogenic strains limits the ability to compare other desira ... | 2012 | 23001658 |
| test method development to evaluate hot, humid air decontamination of materials contaminated with bacillus anthracis ∆sterne and b. thuringiensis al hakam spores. | to develop test methods and evaluate the survival of bacillus anthracis ∆sterne and bacillus thuringiensis al hakam spores after exposure to hot, humid air. | 2012 | 22897143 |
| filament formation of the ftsz/tubulin-like protein tubz from the bacillus cereus pxo1 plasmid. | stable maintenance of low-copy-number plasmids requires partition (par) systems that consist of a nucleotide hydrolase, a dna-binding protein, and a cis-acting dna-binding site. the ftsz/tubulin-like gtpase tubz was identified as a partitioning factor of the virulence plasmids pbtoxis and pxo1 in bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis, respectively. tubz exhibits high gtpase activity and assembles into polymers both in vivo and in vitro, and its "treadmilling" movement is required for pla ... | 2012 | 22847006 |
| transport of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki from an outdoor release into buildings: pathways of infiltration and a rapid method to identify contaminated buildings. | understanding the fate and transport of biological agents into buildings will be critical to recovery and restoration efforts after a biological attack in an urban area. as part of the interagency biological restoration demonstration (ibrd), experiments were conducted in fairfax county, va, to study whether a biological agent can be expected to infiltrate into buildings following a wide-area release. bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki is a common organic pesticide that has been sprayed in fair ... | 2012 | 22676846 |
| production of protocatechuic acid in bacillus thuringiensis atcc33679. | protocatechuic acid, or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, is produced by both soil and marine bacteria in the free form and as the iron binding component of the siderophore petrobactin. the soil bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki atcc 33679, contains the asb operon, but does not produce petrobactin. iron restriction resulted in diminished b. thuringiensis kurstaki atcc 33679 growth and the production of catechol(s). the gene product responsible for protocatechuic acid (asbf) and its receptor (f ... | 2012 | 22489181 |
| sporicidal/bactericidal textiles via the chlorination of silk. | bacterial spores, such as those of the bacillus genus, are extremely resilient, being able to germinate into metabolically active cells after withstanding harsh environmental conditions or aggressive chemical treatments. the toughness of the bacterial spore in combination with the use of spores, such as those of bacillus anthracis, as a biological warfare agent necessitates the development of new antimicrobial textiles. in this work, a route to the production of fabrics that kill bacterial spore ... | 2012 | 22352921 |
| bacteria and their toxins tamed for immunotherapy. | bacterial toxins share the ability to enter host cells to target various intracellular proteins and to modulate host immune responses. over the last 20 years, toxins and their mutated variants, as well as live attenuated bacteria, have been exploited for vaccination and immunotherapy of various infectious, malignant and autoimmune diseases. the ability of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin to translocate its adenylate cyclase domain across the host cell membrane, as well as the pathway ... | 2012 | 22339216 |
| characteristics of a broad lytic spectrum endolysin from phage btcs33 of bacillus thuringiensis. | endolysins produced by bacteriophages lyse bacteria, and are thus considered a novel type of antimicrobial agent. several endolysins from bacillus phages or prophages have previously been characterized and used to target bacillus strains that cause disease in animals and humans. b. thuringiensis phage btcs33 is a siphoviridae family phage and its genome has been sequenced and analyzed. in the btcs33 genome, orf18 was found to encode an endolysin protein (plybt33). | 2012 | 23249212 |
| antibiotic producing microorganisms from river wiwi, lake bosomtwe and the gulf of guinea at doakor sea beach, ghana. | microorganisms have provided a wealth of metabolites with interesting activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer. in this study, a total of 119 aquatic microbial isolates from 30 samples (taken from water bodies in ghana) were screened by the agar-well diffusion method for ability to produce antibacterial-metabolites. | 2012 | 23072432 |