Publications

isolation and characterization of an acrylamide-degrading bacillus cereus.	several local acrylamide-degrading bacteria have been isolated. one of the isolate that exhibited the highest growth on acrylamide as a nitrogen source was then further characterized. the isolate was tentatively identified as bacillus cereus strain dry135 based on carbon utilization profiles using biolog gp plates and partial 16s rdna molecular phylogeny. the isolate grew optimally in between the temperatures of 25 and 30 degrees c and within the ph range of 6.8 to 7.0. glucose, fructose, lactos ...	2009	20112864
antibacterial effects of minerals from ores indigenous to korea.	we tested the antibacterial properties of a mix of minerals consisting mainly of sericite, talc, and halloysite from korea. the preparation showed clear growth inhibition of the gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, s. epidermidis, and bacillus cereus, as well as the anaerobic bacterium propionibacterium acnes. these results indicate that this preparation, made from ore minerals indigenous to korea, ...	2009	20112878
[effect of phytosubstances with antioxidant activity on persistence properties of microorganisms].	the in vitro effect of phytosubstances containing flavonoids and phenylpropanoids on the antilysozyme activity of varioous groups of microorganisms, such as staphylococci, bacilli, enterobacteria and nonfermenting bacteria was studied. the second fraction of the pink carbonic acid extract showed high antioxidant activity and most efficiently inhibited the ability of various microorganisms to inactivate the host lysozyme. the selected phytosubstance could be useful in clinical practice as an addi ...	2009	20415257
synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of schiff bases of 4-(2-aminophenyl)-morpholines.	in the present study, a novel series of 4-(2-aminophenyl)morpholines were synthesized and characterized by ir, (1)h-nmr, (13)c nmr and mass spectral analysis. the synthesized compounds were screened for analgesic (100 and 200 mg/kg), antiinflammatory (200 and 400 mg/kg), antibacterial (bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli) and antifungal (candida albicans and aspergillus niger) ac ...	2009	20502549
biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in soil by enriched cultures.	three aerobic bacterial consortia, ac, bc, and dc, developed from pesticide-contaminated soils of punjab were able to degrade chlorpyrifos after 21 days of incubation in basal medium by 54, 46, and 61% and chlorpyrifos (50 mg/l) in soil after 30 days by 50, 56, and 64%. pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus cereus, klebsiella sp., and serratia marscecens obtained from these consortia showed 84, 84, 81, and 80% degradation of chlorpyrifos (50 mg/l) in liquid medium after 20 days and 92, 60, 56, and 37 ...	2009	18815830
antibacterial iridoid glucosides from eremostachys laciniata.	eremostachys laciniata (l) bunge (family: lamiaceae alt. labiatae; subfamily: lamioideae) is one of the 15 endemic iranian herbs of the genus eremostachys. a decoction of the roots and flowers of e. laciniata has traditionally been taken orally for the treatment of allergies, headache and liver diseases. three antibacterial iridoid glucosides, phloyoside i (1), phlomiol (2) and pulchelloside i (3) have been isolated from the rhizomes of this plant. the structures of these compounds were elucidat ...	2009	18693303
sphingomyelinase-induced domain shape relaxation driven by out-of-equilibrium changes of composition.	sphingomyelinase (smase)-induced ceramide (cer)-enriched domains in a lipid monolayer are shown to result from an out-of-equilibrium situation. this is induced by a change of composition caused by the enzymatic production of cer in a sphingomyelin (sm) monolayer that leads to a fast sm/cer demixing into a liquid-condensed (lc), cer-enriched and a liquid-expanded, sm-enriched phases. the morphological evolution and kinetic dependence of cer-enriched domains is studied under continuous observation ...	2009	18849413
purification and characterization of protease and chitinase from bacillus cereus tku006 and conversion of marine wastes by these enzymes.	a chitinase- and protease-producing bacterium was isolated and identified as bacillus cereus tku006. the better condition on our tests for protease and chitinase production was found when the culture was shaken at 25 degrees c for 2 days in 25 ml of medium containing 2% shrimp shell powder (w/v), 0.1% k(2)hpo(4), and 0.05% mgso(4).7h(2)o. the molecular masses of tku006 protease and chitinase determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were approximately 39 and 3 ...	2009	18843519
purification and some properties of an extracellular ribonuclease with antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus from bacillus cereus.	a new ribonuclease (rnase) with tobacco mosaic virus inhibition was isolated and purified from bacillus cereus zh14 through ammonium sulfate precipitation, ultrafiltration, ion-exchange chromatography of deae-sephadex a-50 column, and gel chromatography of sephacryl s-200hr column. the enzyme was purified approximately 134-fold with a recovery of 9.2%. the rnase had an mw of 75.6 kda in sds-page, which differed from rnases reported previously. the inhibitory activity of the rnase in the purifica ...	2009	18777010
synthesis and anti-microbial screening of some schiff bases of 3-amino-6,8-dibromo-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3h)-ones.	in the present study, a series of novel schiff bases were synthesized by condensation of 3-amino-6,8-dibromo-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3h)-ones with different aromatic aldehydes via cyclized intermediate 6,8-dibromo-2-phenyl benzoxazin-4-one. the chemical structures were confirmed by means of ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, mass spectral and elemental analysis. these compounds were screened for anti-bacterial (staphylococcus aureus atcc-9144, staphylococcus epidermidis atcc-155, micrococcus luteus atcc-4698 ...	2009	18603337
reduction of pollutants in pulp paper mill effluent treated by pcp-degrading bacterial strains.	two pcp-degrading bacterial strains, bacillus cereus (itrc-s6) and serratia marcescens (itrc-s7) were used for the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent at conditions; 1.0% glucose and 0.5% peptone at 30 +/- 1 degrees c at 120 rpm for 168 h of incubation. these two bacterial strains effectively reduced colour (45-52%), lignin (30-42%), bod (40-70%), cod (50-60%), total phenol (32-40%) and pcp (85-90%) within 168 h of incubation. however, the highest reduction in colour (62%), lignin (54%), b ...	2009	18622710
mitracarpus frigidus aerial parts exhibited potent antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and antioxidant effects.	the crude extract and the hexane, ch(2)cl(2), etoac, n-buoh, and hydromethanolic fractions of the aerial parts of mitracarpus frigidus were evaluated against promastigote forms of two species of leishmania (l. chagasi and l. amazonensis), 11 strains of bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica sorovar tythimurium, shigella sonnei, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, enterococcus faecalis, enterobacter cloacae, streptococcus pyogenes and ...	2009	18644325
single-chain variable fragment antibodies selected by phage display against the sporozoite surface antigen p23 of cryptosporidium parvum.	cryptosporidium parvum, an apicomplexan parasite transmitted via animal fecal wastes, is the causative agent of cryptosporidiosis. clones were selected from 2 synthetic naïve human single-chain variable fragment (scfv) phagemid libraries that bound to the recombinant p23 protein of c. parvum. panning the tomlinson i and j phagemid libraries resulted in 6 distinct clones. two clones had full-length scfv sequences, while the remaining clones were either truncated or missing a section of the heavy ...	2009	18576885
microbiological quality of ready-to-eat food served in schools in wales, united kingdom.	a survey of the general microbiological quality of ready-to-eat food served in schools was undertaken across wales, united kingdom. of the 2,351 samples taken, four were identified as containing unsatisfactory counts of escherichia coli, four contained unsatisfactory counts of staphylococcus aureus, and one contained an unacceptable count of bacillus cereus when compared with guidelines for the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat food published by the united kingdom public health laboratory ...	2009	19205487
pathogenic bacillus anthracis in the progressive gene losses and gains in adaptive evolution.	sequence mutations represent a driving force of adaptive evolution in bacterial pathogens. it is especially evident in reductive genome evolution where bacteria underwent lifestyles shifting from a free-living to a strictly intracellular or host-depending life. it resulted in loss-of-function mutations and/or the acquisition of virulence gene clusters. bacillus anthracis shares a common soil bacterial ancestor with its closely related bacillus species but is the only obligate, causative agent of ...	2009	19208130
identification of bacillus anthracis spore component antigens conserved across diverse bacillus cereus sensu lato strains.	we sought to identify proteins in the bacillus anthracis spore, conserved in other strains of the closely related bacillus cereus group, that elicit an immune response in mammals. two high throughput approaches were used. first, an in silico screening identified 200 conserved putative b. anthracis spore components. a total of 192 of those candidate genes were expressed and purified in vitro, 75 of which reacted with the rabbit immune sera generated against b. anthracis spores. the second approac ...	2009	19208616
synergy of astragalus polysaccharides and probiotics (lactobacillus and bacillus cereus) on immunity and intestinal microbiota in chicks.	probiotics and astragalus polysaccharides (aps) can modulate systemic immunity and intestinal microbiota in animals and human beings. it is still unknown if the combined application of probiotics and aps in feed has synergistic effects on immunity and intestinal microbiota. to address this issue, this study was designed to investigate the synergistic effects on immunity and intestinal microbiota in chicks. a total of 240 female hy-line chicks were assigned to 4 treatments. four treatments were f ...	2009	19211520
enhancement of the activity and ph-performance of chitosanase from bacillus cereus strains by dna shuffling.	dna shuffling was carried out with two chitosanase genes belonging to glycoside hydrolase family eight from bacillus cereus knuc51 and b. cereus knuc55. the shuffled products, ym18 and ym20, which showed higher activity than the parents at 40 degrees c, were selected for further studies. the 50 kda chitosanases were purified using affinity chromatography with glutathione-sepharose 4b. in general, the specific activity of ym18 is enhanced 250% and that of ym20 is 350% compared to the parents. ym2 ...	2009	19458918
antimicrobial activity of benzophenones and extracts from the fruits of garcinia brasiliensis.	the pericarp and seeds from fruits of garcinia brasiliensis were subjected to extraction with hexane and ethanol. the pericarp hexane extract (phe) and seed ethanol extract (see) were purified by silica gel column chromatography, which permitted isolation of the prenylated benzophenones 7-epiclusianone (1) and guttiferone-a (2), respectively. the antimicrobial activity of phe, see, and compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated against candida albicans, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, and bacillu ...	2009	19459744
isolation and characterization of a protective bacterial culture isolated from honey active against american foulbrood disease.	bacterial strains isolated from us domestic honey were screened for antibacterial activity against paenibacillus larvae ssp. larvae, the causative agent of american foulbrood (afb) in apiaries. a bacterial isolate (th13) showing a high level of antimicrobial activity against p. larvae ssp. larvae atcc 9545 was selected and identified as paenibacillus polymyxa by 16s rrna gene sequencing. the antimicrobial compound was purified by 80% saturated ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by cm-sephar ...	2009	19459943
construction of a recombinant intergenus multidomain chimeric protein for simultaneous expression of haemolysin bl of bacillus cereus, listeriolysin o of listeria monocytogenes and enterotoxin b of staphylococcus aureus.	haemolysin bl (hbl) of bacillus cereus, listeriolysin o (llo) of listeria monocytogenes and enterotoxin b (seb) of staphylococcus aureus are among the major toxin components contributing to the pathogenicity of these organisms in foodborne illnesses. in this study, an intergenus non-toxic multidomain fusion protein (r-hle) was generated with specificity for hbl, llo and seb. the fusion gene (r-hle) comprising the conserved regions of hbld and the hly and entb genes was codon-optimized for expres ...	2009	19369518
disinfection methods used in decontamination of bottles used for feeding powdered infant formula.	infant susceptibility and the risks posed by infections associated with bottle-fed powdered infant formula (pif) have received increased attention in recent years. intrinsic contamination of pif with pathogens has been reported and extrinsic contamination can be introduced from the handler or the environment during reconstitution. recommended disinfection advice and bottle decontamination have changed in recent years and the aim of this study was to validate the efficacy of four current disinfec ...	2009	19370863
identification of surface proteins involved in the adhesion of a probiotic bacillus cereus strain to mucin and fibronectin.	several bacillus strains isolated from commercial probiotic preparations were identified at the species level, and their adhesion capabilities to three different model intestinal surfaces (mucin, matrigel and caco-2 cells) were assessed. in general, adhesion of spores was higher than that of vegetative cells to the three matrices, and overall strain bacillus cereus(ch) displayed the best adhesion. different biochemical treatments revealed that surface proteins of b. cereus(ch) were involved in t ...	2009	19372165
lactobacillus isolates from weaned piglets' mucosa with inhibitory activity against common porcine pathogens.	twelve lactobacilli isolates from mucosa of 3-5-week-old weaned pigs were found to exert good antimicrobial activity against common porcine pathogens (s. aureus, b. cereus, e. coli, c. perfringens). two of them produced in addition to lactic acid also considerable amounts of acetic acid, and 6 of them produced hydrogen peroxide and metabolites other than organic acids. isolates 4/26 and 2/25 (identified as l. crispatus or l. amylovorus) were inhibitory against most strains of s. aureus, b. cereu ...	2009	19381487
identification of metabolite-riboswitch interactions using nucleotide analog interference mapping and suppression.	riboswitches are rna elements capable of modulating gene expression through interaction with cellular metabolites. one member of the riboswitch family, the glms riboswitch, is unique among riboswitches in that it modulates gene expression by undergoing self-cleavage in the presence of its metabolite glucosamine-6-phosphate (glcn6p). in order to investigate the interactions between the glms rna and glcn6p we performed nucleotide analog interference mapping (naim) and suppression (nais). these tec ...	2009	19381561
in vitro selection of glms ribozymes.	riboswitches modulate gene expression in eubacteria and eukaryotes in response to changing concentrations of small molecule metabolites. in most examples studied to date, riboswitches achieve both metabolite sensing and gene control functions without the obligate involvement of protein factors. these findings validate the hypothesis that rna molecules could be engineered to function as designer gene control elements that sense and respond to different ligands. we believe that reverse engineering ...	2009	19381572
a strain-variable bacteriocin in bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus with repeated cys-xaa-xaa motifs.	bacteriocins are peptide antibiotics from ribosomally translated precursors, produced by bacteria often through extensive post-translational modification. minimal sequence conservation, short gene lengths, and low complexity sequence can hinder bacteriocin identification, even during gene calling, so they are often discovered by proximity to accessory genes encoding maturation, immunity, and export functions. this work reports a new subfamily of putative thiazole-containing heterocyclic bacterio ...	2009	19383135
lipid raft composition modulates sphingomyelinase activity and ceramide-induced membrane physical alterations.	lipid rafts and ceramide (cer)-platforms are membrane domains that play an important role in several biological processes. cer-platforms are commonly formed in the plasma membrane by the action of sphingomyelinase (smase) upon hydrolysis of sphingomyelin (sm) within lipid rafts. the interplay among smase activity, initial membrane properties (i.e., phase behavior and lipid lateral organization) and lipid composition, and the amount of product (cer) generated, and how it modulates membrane proper ...	2009	19383465
cloning of feather-degrading minor extracellular protease from bacillus cereus dcuw: dissection of the structural domains.	bacterial extracellular proteases play an important role in cell survival and cell-cell communication. a high-molecular-mass minor extracellular protease (vpr) from a feather-degrading bacterium, bacillus cereus dcuw, has been reported by our laboratory. in the present study, we cloned and expressed vpr in escherichia coli. complete nucleotide sequencing of this gene predicted that the protease is a member of the serine protease family, and smart domain analysis revealed that the protease consis ...	2009	19383694
microbial co-habitation and lateral gene transfer: what transposases can tell us.	determining the habitat range for various microbes is not a simple, straightforward matter, as habitats interlace, microbes move between habitats, and microbial communities change over time. in this study, we explore an approach using the history of lateral gene transfer recorded in microbial genomes to begin to answer two key questions: where have you been and who have you been with?	2009	19393086
zinc ion-induced domain organization in metallo-beta-lactamases: a flexible "zinc arm" for rapid metal ion transfer?	the reversible unfolding of metallo-beta-lactamase from chryseobacterium meningosepticum (blab) by guanidinium hydrochloride is best described by a three-state model including folded, intermediate, and unfolded states. the transformation of the folded apoenzyme into the intermediate state requires only very low denaturant concentrations, in contrast to the zn2-enzyme. similarly, circular dichroism spectra of both blab and metallo-beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus 569/h/9 (bcii) display distinc ...	2009	19395380
resde-dependent regulation of enterotoxin gene expression in bacillus cereus: evidence for multiple modes of binding for resd and interaction with fnr.	in the food-borne pathogen bacillus cereus f4430/73, the production of major virulence factors hemolysin bl (hbl) and nonhemolytic enterotoxin (nhe) is regulated through complex mechanisms. the two-component regulatory system resde is involved in the activation of hbl and nhe transcription. here, the response regulator resd and the sensor kinase rese were overexpressed and purified, and autophosphorylation of rese and transphosphorylation of resd by rese were demonstrated in vitro. resd is mainl ...	2009	19395489
phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses of mildly and severely salt-stressed bacillus cereus atcc 14579 cells.	bacteria are able to cope with the challenges of a sudden increase in salinity by activating adaptation mechanisms. in this study, exponentially growing cells of the pathogen bacillus cereus atcc 14579 were exposed to both mild (2.5% [wt/vol] nacl) and severe (5% [wt/vol] nacl) salt stress conditions. b. cereus continued to grow at a slightly reduced growth rate when it was shifted to mild salt stress conditions. exposure to severe salt stress resulted in a lag period, and after 60 min growth ha ...	2009	19395575
[bacillus cereus sepsis and subarachnoid hemorrhage following consolidation chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia].	a 64-year-old man with acute myelogenous leukemia (fab classification, m7) in remission received consolidation chemotherapy with mitoxantrone/cytosine arabinoside. wbc counts decreased to 0/microl on day 14, and fever (39.3 degrees c) and epigastralgia developed on day 15. cefozopran was instituted for febrile neutropenia; however, on day 16, he was found to be in cardiac arrest. ct scan on day 16 revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage. gram-positive rods were isolated from blood cultures on day 15, a ...	2009	19404024
an overlap between the control of programmed cell death in bacillus anthracis and sporulation.	the staphylococcus aureus cid and lrg operons have been shown to control cell death and lysis in a manner thought to be analogous to programmed cell death (apoptosis) in eukaryotic organisms. although orthologous operons are present in a wide variety of bacterial species, members of the bacillus cereus group are unique in that they have a total of four cid-/lrg-like operons. two of these operons are similar to the s. aureus cid and lrg operons, while the other two (designated clhab(1) and clhab( ...	2009	19411321
a new rapid and sensitive detection method for cereulide-producing bacillus cereus using a cycleave real-time pcr.	to develop a rapid and sensitive detection method for cereulide-producing bacillus cereus using a real-time pcr based on the sequence of the cereulide synthesis gene.	2009	19413807
synthesis, spectral characterization, in-vitro microbiological evaluation and cytotoxic activities of novel macrocyclic bis hydrazone.	a macrocyclic hydrazone schiff base was synthesized by reacting 1,4-dicarbonyl phenyl dihydrazide with 2,6-diformyl-4-methyl phenol and a series of metal complexes with this new schiff base were synthesized by reaction with co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii) metal salts. the schiff base and its complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, ir, (1)h nmr, uv-vis, fab mass, esr spectra, fluorescence, thermal, magnetic and molar conductance data. the analytical data reveal that the co(ii), ni(ii) ...	2009	19419802
cloning, expression and purification of bacillus cereus endochitinase in the escherichia coli ad494(de3)plyss expression system.	a chitinase gene from bacillus cereus was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the purified recombinant chitinase had much higher (128 fold) specificity to pnp-beta-(glcnac)(3) than to pnp-beta-(glcnac), suggesting endochitinase. thirty-three amino acids in the n-terminal were recognized and cut off during expression, which consequently made the m(r) not correspond to that predicted.	2009	19420688
reaction pattern of bacillus cereus d-11 chitosanase on chitooligosaccharide alcohols.	the purified endochitosanase (mw 41 kda) from bacterium bacillus cereus d-11 hydrolyzed chitooligomers (glcn)5-7 into chitobiose, chitotriose, and chitotetraose as the final products. the minimal size of the oligosaccharides for enzymatic hydrolysis was a pentamer. to further investigate the cleavage pattern of this enzyme, chitooligosaccharide alcohols were prepared as substrates and the end products of hydrolysis were analyzed by tlc and hplc. the chitosanase split (glcn)4glcnoh into (glcn)3+ ...	2009	19420990
formation of flavone di-o-glucosides using a glycosyltransferase from bacillus cereus.	microbial udp-glycosyltransferases can convert many small lipophilic compounds into glycons using uridinediphosphate- activated sugars. the glycosylation of flavonoids affects solubility, stability, and bioavailability. the gene encoding the udp-glycosyltransferase from bacillus cereus, bcgt-3, was cloned by pcr and sequenced. bcgt-3 was expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3) with a glutathione s-transferase tag and purified using a glutathione stransferase affinity column. bcgt-3 was tested f ...	2009	19420995
ethanol and nacl susceptibility and protein expression of acid-adapted b. cereus 1-4-1 as well as its growth patterns in the presence of various carbon and nitrogen sources.	in the present study, the foodborne pathogen bacillus cereus 1-4-1 was subjected to acid adaptation treatment by suspending the test organism in tryptic soy broth (ph 5.5) for 2 hours. the susceptibility of the acid-adapted and nonadapted cells of b. cereus 1-4-1 to high concentrations of ethanol (20%) and nacl (20%) was then examined. in addition, the effect of acid adaptation on the protein expression profile of b. cereus 1-4-1 as well as the growth patterns of the acid-adapted and nonadapted ...	2009	19425243
cereulide formation by bacillus weihenstephanensis and mesophilic emetic bacillus cereus at temperature abuse depends on pre-incubation conditions.	emetic toxin (cereulide) formation was recently identified in a psychrotolerant species, bacillus weihenstephanensis [thorsen, l., hansen, b.m., nielsen, k.f., hendriksen, n.b., phipps, r.k., budde, b.b., 2006. characterization of emetic bacillus weihenstephanensisis, a new cereulide-producing bacterium. applied and environmental microbiology, 72, 5118-5121.]. although recent findings indicated b. weihenstephanensis as a cereulide producer only limited information is available regarding environm ...	2009	19428136
orf4 of the bacillus cereus sigb gene cluster encodes a general stress-inducible dps-like bacterioferritin.	the function of orf4 in the sigb cluster in bacillus cereus atcc 14579 remains to be explored. amino-acid sequence analysis has revealed that orf4 is homologous with bacterioferritins and dps. in this study, we generated an orf4-null mutant and produced recombinant protein rorf4 to establish the role of orf4. in vitro, the purified rorf4 was found to exist in two distinct forms, a dimeric form and a polymer form, through size exclusion analysis. the latter form exhibited a unique filament struct ...	2009	19429618
a novel mitochondrial sphingomyelinase in zebrafish cells.	sphingolipids are important signaling molecules in many biological processes, but little is known regarding their physiological roles in the mitochondrion. we focused on the biochemical characters of a novel sphingomyelinase (smase) and its function in mitochondrial ceramide generation in zebrafish embryonic cells. the cloned smase cdna encoded a polypeptide of 545 amino acid residues (putative molecular weight, 61,300) containing a mitochondrial localization signal (mls) and a predicted transme ...	2009	19429680
effect of different bacillus subtilis lipopeptides on surface hydrophobicity and adhesion of bacillus cereus 98/4 spores to stainless steel and teflon.	various lipopeptides produced by bacillus subtilis were examined for their ability to modify the surface hydrophobicity of two substrata, stainless steel (ss) and teflon. these modifications were evaluated by water contact angle measurements. the effects depended on the lipopeptide, its concentration, and the tested substratum. treatment of ss with different concentrations of surfactin s1 showed an increase of the hydrophobicity between 1 and 100 mg l(-1). on the same substratum, fengycin increa ...	2009	19431000
antibacterial protection by enterocin as-48 in sport and energy drinks with less acidic ph values.	the low ph and acid content found in sports and energy drinks are a matter of concern in dental health. raising the ph may solve this problem, but at the same time increase the risks of spoilage or presence of pathogenic bacteria. in the present study, commercial energy drinks were adjusted to ph 5.0 and challenged with listeria monocytogenes (drinks a to f), staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, and bacillus licheniformis (drink a) during storage at 37 degrees c. l. monocytogenes was able to ...	2009	19435243
interventions for control of salmonella: clearance of microbial growth from rubber picker fingers.	a study was conducted to determine if a surface material with antimicrobial properties combined with an effective disinfectant could achieve total clearance of bacterial contamination. before beginning the project, new rubber picker fingers collected from 3 processing facilities were tested for endogenous microflora. five species of bacteria common to soil and human handling were present: bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus cereus/thuringiensis, staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus homini ...	2009	19439642
nosocomial bacteremia caused by biofilm-forming bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis.	bacterial biofilms cause serious problems, such as antibiotic resistance and medical device-related infections. recent reports indicate that bacillus species potentially form biofilms and cause nosocomial bacteremia via catheter infection. our objective was to investigate the relationship between nosocomial bacteremia caused by bacillus species and biofilm formations.	2009	19443973
in situ detection of antibiotic-resistance elements in single bacillus cereus spores.	rapid detection of bacillus spores is a challenging task in food and defense industries. in situ labeling of spores would be advantageous for detection by automated systems based on single-cell analysis. determination of antibiotic-resistance genes in bacterial spores using in situ labeling has never been developed. most of the in situ detection schemes employ techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) that target the naturally amplified ribosomal rna (rrna). however, the major ...	2009	19446419
effects of gassericins a and t, bacteriocins produced by lactobacillus gasseri, with glycine on custard cream preservation.	lactobacillus gasseri la39 and la158 isolated from human-infant feces produce bacteriocins named gassericins a and t, respectively. both gassericins have high heat stability (121 degrees c, 10 min), good ph tolerance (ph 2-11), and strong bactericidality against many gram-positive bacteria, especially lactic acid bacteria, and thus are expected to be effective food preservatives. a microwell plate assay against 12 strains of custard cream spoilage bacteria showed that the gassericins had broader ...	2009	19447968
antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract and compounds from morus mesozygia stem bark.	this study was aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract (mmb) and compounds isolated from the stem bark of morus mesozygia, namely 3beta-acetoxyurs-12-en-11-one (1), moracin q (2), moracin t (3), artocarpesin (4), cycloartocarpesin (5), moracin r (6), moracin u (8), moracin c (9), and moracin m (10).	2009	19450674
biodegradation of international jet a-1 aviation fuel by microorganisms isolated from aircraft tank and joint hydrant storage systems.	microorganisms contaminating international jet a-1 aircraft fuel and fuel preserved in joint hydrant storage tank (jhst) were isolated, characterized and identified. the isolates were bacillus subtillis, bacillus megaterium, flavobacterium oderatum, sarcina flava, micrococcus varians, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus cereus and bacillus brevis. others included candida tropicalis, candida albicans, saccharomyces estuari, saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces pombe, ...	2009	19452113
bacterial communities of tyre monofill sites: growth on tyre shreds and leachate.	to investigate bacterial communities of tyre monofill sites, colonization of tyre material by bacteria and the effect of tyre leachate on bacteria.	2009	19239530
bacillus cereus cell and spore properties as influenced by the micro-structure of the medium.	to investigate the effect of different growth conditions on bacillus cereus cell and spore properties.	2009	19239549
thiopeptide biosynthesis featuring ribosomally synthesized precursor peptides and conserved posttranslational modifications.	thiopeptides, with potent activity against various drug-resistant pathogens, contain a characteristic macrocyclic core consisting of multiple thiazoles, dehydroamino acids, and a 6-membered nitrogen heterocycle. their biosynthetic pathways remain elusive, in spite of great efforts by in vivo feeding experiments. here, cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the thiostrepton and siomycin a gene clusters unveiled a biosynthetic paradigm for the thiopeptide specific core formation, featuring r ...	2009	19246004
identification of non-flagellar genes involved in swarm cell differentiation using a bacillus thuringiensis mini-tn10 mutant library.	swarming is a social phenomenon that enables motile bacteria to move co-ordinately over solid surfaces. the molecular basis regulating this process is not completely known and may vary among species. insertional mutagenesis of a swarming-proficient bacillus thuringiensis strain was performed, by use of the transposon mini-tn10, to identify novel genetic determinants of swarming that are dispensable for flagellation, swimming motility, chemotaxis and active growth. among the 67 non-swarming mutan ...	2009	19246762
cereulide synthesis in emetic bacillus cereus is controlled by the transition state regulator abrb, but not by the virulence regulator plcr.	cereulide, a depsipeptide structurally related to the antibiotic valinomycin, is responsible for the emetic type of gastrointestinal disease caused by bacillus cereus. recently, it has been shown that cereulide is produced non-ribosomally by the plasmid-encoded peptide synthetase ces. using deletion mutants of the emetic reference strain b. cereus f4810/72, the influence of the well-known transcription factors plcr, spo0a and abrb on cereulide production and on the transcription of the cereulide ...	2009	19246763
dna as an adhesin: bacillus cereus requires extracellular dna to form biofilms.	the soil saprophyte bacillus cereus forms biofilms at solid-liquid interfaces. the composition of the extracellular polymeric matrix is not known, but biofilms of other bacteria are encased in polysaccharides, protein, and also extracellular dna (edna). a tn917 screen for strains impaired in biofilm formation at a solid-liquid interface yielded several mutants. three mutants deficient in the purine biosynthesis genes pura, purc, and purl were biofilm impaired, but they grew planktonically like t ...	2009	19251901
siderophore-mediated iron acquisition systems in bacillus cereus: identification of receptors for anthrax virulence-associated petrobactin .	during growth under iron limitation, bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis, two human pathogens from the bacillus cereus group of gram-positive bacteria, secrete two siderophores, bacillibactin (bb) and petrobactin (pb), for iron acquisition via membrane-associated substrate-binding proteins (sbps) and other abc transporter components. since pb is associated with virulence traits in b. anthracis, the pb-mediated iron uptake system presents a potential target for antimicrobial therapies; its cha ...	2009	19254027
effects of food composition on the inactivation of foodborne microorganisms by chlorine dioxide.	chlorine dioxide (clo2) is a strong oxidizing agent that can be applied in solution as well as in the gaseous state. it has bactericidal, fungicidal and viricidal properties. several food-related microorganisms, including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, mould spores and bacillus cereus spores were tested for their susceptibility to 0.08 mg/l gaseous clo2 during 1 min at a relative humidity of 90%. in this screening, the resistance of the different groups of microorganisms towar ...	2009	19254814
bacillus cereus-induced permeability of the blood-ocular barrier during experimental endophthalmitis.	the purpose of this study was to determine to what extent blood-retinal barrier (brb) permeability occurred during experimental bacillus cereus endophthalmitis and whether tight junction alterations were involved in permeability.	2009	19264886
nw-g01, a novel cyclic hexadepsipeptide antibiotic, produced by streptomyces alboflavus 313: i. taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities.	nw-g01, a novel cyclic hexadepsipeptide antibiotic, was isolated by macroporous resin and silica gel column chromatography and hplc from the fermentation broth of strain no. 313. the producing strain was identified as streptomyces alboflavus on the basis of the morphological characteristics, physiological property and 16s rdna gene sequence analysis. nw-g01 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant s. aureus, ...	2009	19265870
molecular methods to evaluate biodiversity in bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains from different origins.	the spore-forming genus bacillus includes species of industrial, clinical and environmental significance. the possibility of differentiating between bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis, toxin producers associated with illness, is a real need in monitoring potentially contaminated foods to understand the real distribution of b. cereus/b. thuringiensis in different outbreak cases. as the use of dna comparison obtains clearer results than classical microbiological methods in distinguishing b ...	2009	19269566
sortase d forms the covalent bond that links bcpb to the tip of bacillus cereus pili.	bacillus cereus and other gram-positive bacteria elaborate pili via a sortase d-catalyzed transpeptidation mechanism from major and minor pilin precursor substrates. after cleavage of the lpxtg sorting signal of the major pilin, bcpa, sortase d forms an amide bond between the c-terminal threonine and the amino group of lysine within the ypkn motif of another bcpa subunit. pilus assembly terminates upon sortase a cleavage of the bcpa sorting signal, resulting in a covalent bond between bcpa and t ...	2009	19269972
secondary cell wall polysaccharides of bacillus anthracis are antigens that contain specific epitopes which cross-react with three pathogenic bacillus cereus strains that caused severe disease, and other epitopes common to all the bacillus cereus strains tested.	the immunoreactivities of hydrogen fluoride (hf)-released cell wall polysaccharides (hf-pss) from selected bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus strains were compared using antisera against live and killed b. anthracis spores. these antisera bound to the hf-pss from b. anthracis and from three clinical b. cereus isolates (g9241, 03bb87, and 03bb102) obtained from cases of severe or fatal human pneumonia but did not bind to the hf-pss from the closely related b. cereus atcc 10987 or from b. cere ...	2009	19270075
[technics of inactivating/removing medical chitosan pathogen].	to verify the technics of inactivating/removing pathogens in medical chitosan derived from shrimp shell.	2009	19275109
characterization and identification of a novel marine streptomyces sp. produced antibacterial substance.	strain gb-2 is a marine microbe with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, isolated from soil taken from the coastal city lianyungang in the jiangsu province of china. analysis of its morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics as well as chemical components of the cell wall strongly suggested that the strain gb-2 belonged to the streptomyces sp. analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16s rrna gene of streptomyces sp. gb-2 strain showed a strong similarity (98%) with the 1 ...	2009	19277782
growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and some yeasts by selected essential oils and survival of l. monocytogenes and c. albicans in apple-carrot juice.	food safety is a fundamental concern of both consumers and the food industry. the increasing incidence of foodborne diseases increases the demand of using antimicrobials in foods. spices and plants are rich in essential oils and show inhibition activity against microorganisms, which are composed of many compounds. in this research, effects of garlic, bay, black pepper, origanum, orange, thyme, tea tree, mint, clove, and cumin essential oils on listeria monocytogenes aufe 39237, escherichia coli ...	2009	19278342
bioremediation of reclaimed wastewater used as landscape water by using the denitrifying bacterium bacillus cereus.	organic matter and nitrogen removal from reclaimed wastewater used as landscape water was carried out by in situ bioremediation. a denitrifying bacterium bacillus cereus dnf409 was introduced for this purpose, and the amount of b. cereus used was optimized. the total nitrogen (tn) content and chemical oxygen demand (cod) of the landscape water decreased from 9.86 to 3.1 mg/l (removal rate, 68.6%) and from 127 to 36 mg/l (removal rate, 71.7%). the transparency of water increased from 0.2 to 0.55 ...	2009	19280091
a patient with acute myeloid leukemia who developed fatal pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant bacillus cereus.	bacillus cereus is known as a serious bacterial pathogen in neutropenic patients. b. cereus is often resistant to beta-lactams, including penicillins and cephalosporins. we report a case of fatal pneumonia caused by b. cereus in a patient with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (aml) during remission induction therapy. cefepime was started for febrile neutropenia (fn) initially and was switched to panipem/betamipron, when fulminant pneumonia supervened. the isolated strain was resistant not ...	2009	19280299
comparative transcriptional profiling of bacillus cereus sensu lato strains during growth in co2-bicarbonate and aerobic atmospheres.	bacillus species are spore-forming bacteria that are ubiquitous in the environment and display a range of virulent and avirulent phenotypes. this range is particularly evident in the bacillus cereus sensu lato group; where closely related strains cause anthrax, food-borne illnesses, and pneumonia, but can also be non-pathogenic. although much of this phenotypic range can be attributed to the presence or absence of a few key virulence factors, there are other virulence-associated loci that are co ...	2009	19295911
in vitro synergistic antibacterial activities of helvolic acid on multi-drug resistant staphylococcus aureus.	an agar plate method was established to screen synergistic antibacterial agents other than beta-lactamase inhibitors. by using this method, a strain aspergillus sp136 was selected for further studies. from the metabolites of this strain, a synergistic antibacterial compound was isolated by bioautographic tlc assay-guided fractionation and identified as helvolic acid. the synergistic effect of helvolic acid to penicillin was about 3 times that of clavulanic acid to penicillin in agar diffusion as ...	2009	19296371
the diterpenoid ent-16-kauren-19-oic acid acts as an uncoupler of the bacterial respiratory chain.	ent-16-kauren-19-oic acid is a bacteriolytic diterpenoid present in the resin of the medicinal plant pseudognaphalium vira vira. the compound and its methyl ester showed strong activity against gram-positive bacteria, whereas the derivative 3beta-hydroxy-ent-kauren-19-oic acid was inactive against all assayed bacteria at the maximal concentration used (250 microg/ml). the bacteriolytic effect of ent-16-kauren-19-oic acid (5 microg/ml) was confirmed with cultures of bacillus cereus and staphyloco ...	2009	19296427
effect of impeller speed and ph on the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) using bacillus cereus spv.	p(3hb), is one of the most well studied polyhydroxyalkanoates. it is biodegradable, biocompatible, exhibits thermoplastic properties and can be produced from renewable carbon sources. the commercial exploitation of p(3hb) has been mainly held back by its high production costs. hence, a lot of research is required to optimize p(3hb) fermentation conditions. in this study we have focused on the effects of impeller speed and ph on p(3hb) production in bacillus cereus spv. four different impeller sp ...	2009	19296657
isolation, structure elucidation and antibacterial activities of streptothricin acids.	five streptothricin acids (compounds 1-5) were isolated by ion-exchange resin chromatography and preparative rp-hplc from the fermentation broth of streptomyces qinlingensis. their structures were elucidated mainly by analyses of the ir, hr-eis-ms and nmr spectral data. they were deduced as two known compounds, streptothricin f acid (1) and streptothricin d acid (2), and three new compounds, 12-carbamoylstreptothricin e acid (3), 12-carbamoylstreptothricin d acid (4) and n-acetyl-streptothricin ...	2009	19300469
sequential secretion of collagenolytic, elastolytic, and keratinolytic proteases in peptide-limited cultures of two bacillus cereus strains isolated from wool.	to characterize the secretion of proteolytic activities against keratin, collagen and elastin in liquid cultures of bacillus cereus iz-06b and iz-06r isolated from wool.	2009	19302303
fructose and glucose mediates enterotoxin production and anaerobic metabolism of bacillus cereus atcc14579(t).	to determine the effects of carbohydrates on bacillus cereus atcc14579(t) anaerobic metabolism and enterotoxin production in amino acids rich medium.	2009	19302315
transcriptional regulation of metabolic pathways, alternative respiration and enterotoxin genes in anaerobic growth of bacillus cereus atcc 14579.	to assess genes specifically activated during anaerobic growth that are involved in metabolism and pathogenesis of the foodborne pathogen bacillus cereus.	2009	19302486
characterization and purification of a new bacteriocin with a broad inhibitory spectrum produced by lactobacillus plantarum lp 31 strain isolated from dry-fermented sausage.	characterization and purification of a new bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus plantarum lp 31 strain, isolated from argentinian dry-fermented sausage.	2009	19302495
rhodomyrtone: a new candidate as natural antibacterial drug from rhodomyrtus tomentosa.	rhodomyrtone [6,8-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-(3-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-9-(2-methylpropyl)-4,9-dihydro-1h-xanthene-1,3(2h)-di-one] from rhodomyrtus tomentosa (aiton) hassk. displayed significant antibacterial activities against gram-positive bacteria including bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus gordonii, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyo ...	2009	19303274
distribution, diversity, and potential mobility of extrachromosomal elements related to the bacillus anthracis pxo1 and pxo2 virulence plasmids.	the presence of a pxo1- and/or pxo2-like plasmid(s) in clinical isolates of bacillus cereus sensu stricto and in strains of the biopesticide bacillus thuringiensis has been reported recently, and the pxo2-like plasmid pbt9727 and another pxo2-like plasmid, paw63, were found to be conjugative. in this study, a total of 1,000 b. cereus group isolates were analyzed for the presence of pxo1- and pxo2-like replicons and for the presence of pxo2-related conjugative modules. pxo1- and pxo2-like replico ...	2009	19304837
a conserved 3' extension in unusual group ii introns is important for efficient second-step splicing.	the b.c.i4 group ii intron from bacillus cereus atcc 10987 harbors an unusual 3' extension. here, we report the discovery of four additional group ii introns with a similar 3' extension in bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki 4d1 that splice at analogous positions 53/56 nt downstream of domain vi in vivo. phylogenetic analyses revealed that the introns are only 47-61% identical to each other. strikingly, they do not form a single evolutionary lineage even though they belong to the same bacterial b cl ...	2009	19304998
growth inhibition of foodborne and pathogenic bacteria by conjugated linoleic acid.	the influence of conjugated linoleic acid (cla) on the growth of some foodborne and pathogenic bacteria was examined. a potassium salt of cla (cla-k) was tested against three gram-positive strains ( bacillus cereus , staphylococcus aureus , and streptococcus mutans ) and five gram-negative strains ( pseudomonas aeruginosa , salmonella typhimurium , vibrio parahemolyticus , klebsiella pneumoniae , and proteus mirabilis ). cla-k-mediated growth inhibition was evident for all tested strains, partic ...	2009	19317483
anthocyanins, antioxidative, and antimicrobial properties of american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) and their press cakes.	amounts of total phenolics, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid in 4 american cranberry varieties harvested at 4 stages of maturity were measured. the larger amount of phenolic compounds was found in berries of "black veil" cultivar (504 mg/100 g) at ii stage of maturity. significantly larger amounts of anthocyanins were determined in the overripe berries of the cultivars "ben lear" and "black veil." the amount of ascorbic acid in berries increased during ripening from i to iii stage, and slightly d ...	2009	19323730
crystal structure of bacillus cereus d-alanyl carrier protein ligase (dlta) in complex with atp.	d-alanylation of lipoteichoic acids modulates the surface charge and ligand binding of the gram-positive cell wall. disruption of the bacterial dlt operon involved in teichoic acid alanylation, as well as inhibition of the dlta (d-alanyl carrier protein ligase) protein, has been shown to render the bacterium more susceptible to conventional antibiotics and host defense responses. the dlta catalyzes the adenylation and thiolation reactions of d-alanine. this enzyme belongs to a superfamily of amp ...	2009	19324056
antibacterial activities of dodonaea viscosa using contact bioautography technique.	the crude ethanolic extract and n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions of dodonaea viscosa were analyzed for antibacterial potential against four gram positive bacteria: bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, and three gram negative bacteria: escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, pseudomonas aeruginosa. preliminary screening showed inhibition against staphylococcus aureus, micrococcus luteus, escherichia coli and pseudomona ...	2009	19325527
intergeneric coaggregation of non-flocculating acinetobacter spp. isolates with other sludge-constituting bacteria.	the ability of non-flocculating acinetobacter spp. isolates (a. johnsonii s35 and a. junii s33) to coaggregate with other sludge-constituting bacteria obtained from a sewage sludge sample was assessed by a spectrophotometric assay. a. johnsonii s35 showed significant coaggregation (aggregation index (ai)=70 to 99%) with 7 strains, bacillus cereus, blastomonas natatoria, mycobacterium sp., thermomonas brevis, and enterobacteriaceae family, identified by sequencing of 16s rrna genes. a. junii s33 ...	2009	19332298
determination of kinetic parameters in the biosorption of cr (vi) on immobilized bacillus cereus m(1)(16) in a continuous packed bed column reactor.	due to technological advancement, environment suffers from untreated toxic heavy metal bearing effluent coming from different industries. chromium (vi) is one of those heavy metals having adverse impact on ecological balance, human, and plant health because of its carcinogenic properties. biosorption is presented as an alternative to traditional technologies which are costly and inefficient for treatment of industrial wastes containing low amount of heavy metals. in this study, bioremediation of ...	2009	19333567
[contraction of the disordered loop located within c-terminal domain of the transcriptional regulator hlyiir causes its structural rearrangement].	hlyiir is the negative transcriptional regulator of the hemolysin ii gene from bacillus cereus. previous x-ray studies showed that hlyiir contains a disordered loop (a.a. 170-185) located within the c-terminal domain near dimerization interface. to understand the influence of this region on hlyiir properties and for a potential improvement in the crystallogenesis of the hlyiir, we constructed a mutant of hlyiir in which this disordered region is substituted by a single alanine residue. biochemic ...	2009	19334535
proteomic analysis by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2d dige) of a high-pressure effect in bacillus cereus.	high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) is a new method used to reduce or eliminate microorganisms that are present in food. proteins are known to be the most important target of high pressure in living organisms. the main goal of this investigation was focused on the changes that occur on the proteins of bacillus cereus under hhp stress conditions. the two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2d dige) technique allows for a simultaneous resolution of thousands of proteins based on fluorescent ...	2009	19338277
molecular cloning of cdnas encoding antimicrobial peptide precursors from the skin of the chinese brown frog, rana chensinensis.	skin plays a key role in the daily survival of amphibians. in the present study, six cdnas encoding amphibian skin antimicrobial peptide precursors from the chinese brown frog rana chensinensis, were cloned and identified as preprobrevinin-1cec, preprobrevinin-1ceb, preprotemporin-1cea, preprotemporin-1ceb, preprotemporin-1cec, and preprochensinin-1. preprotemporin-1cea, ceb, and cec are members of the temporin family, which are usually short, hydrophobic, and c-terminally alpha-amidated antimic ...	2009	19341344
characterization of a bacteriocin produced by enterococcus faecalis n1-33 and its application as a food preservative.	a bacteriocin-producing strain, n1-33, isolated from fermented bamboo shoot was identified as enterococcus faecalis. the ph-adjusted culture supernatant of this strain consisted of several peptides with bacteriocin activity, and the supernatant inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes. the major peptide with bacteriocin activity was purified, and the first 39 amino acid residues of the bacteriocin were found to be identical to enterocin mr10a produced by e. faec ...	2009	19343940
prevalence and toxigenic profiles of bacillus cereus isolated from dried red peppers, rice, and sunsik in korea.	bacillus cereus is a spore-forming foodborne pathogen responsible for diarrheal and emetic types of food poisoning. intoxication is caused by various enterotoxins or by emetic toxin. because of its widespread presence and the ability to form heat-stable endospores in a relatively short time, b. cereus has been difficult to control. in this study, 21 rice and 36 sunsik (a mixture of powdered raw grains) samples were examined for the prevalence of b. cereus. a multiplex pcr assay was used to evalu ...	2009	19343947
prevalence, genetic diversity, and antibiotic susceptibility of bacillus cereus strains isolated from rice and cereals collected in korea.	incidence and properties of bacillus cereus strains naturally present in cereals were evaluated by phenotypic characterization, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. of 293 cereal samples tested, 73 (25%) contained b. cereus strains. incidence of b. cereus isolates varied with respect to sample; they were found in 15 (37%) of 83 brown rice samples, 23 (37%) of 63 glutinous rice samples, 16 (21%) of 76 barley samples, and 19 (27%) of 71 job's tears samples. all ...	2009	19343952
higher structure of cereulide, an emetic toxin from bacillus cereus, and special comparison with valinomycin, an antibiotic from streptomyces fulvissimus.	cereulide and valinomycin are both 36-membered cyclic depsipeptides with 12 stereogenic centers that have a very similar sequence of cyclo [-d-o-leu-d-ala-l-o-val-l-val-]3 and cyclo [-d-o-val-d-val-l-o-ala-l-val-]3, respectively. cereulide is an emetic toxin produced by bacillus cereus through an unusual non-ribosomal peptide synthesis (nrps), whereas valinomycin, produced by streptomyces fulvissimus, is a known antibiotic drug. both compounds are known as k+-ion-selective ionophores and cause a ...	2009	19347893
susceptibilities of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, and avirulent bacillus anthracis spores to liquid biocides.	the susceptibility of spores of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, and avirulent bacillus anthracis to treatment with hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, a peroxy-fatty acid mixture, sodium hypochlorite, and acidified sodium chlorite was investigated. results indicated that b. cereus spores may be reasonable predictors of b. anthracis spore inactivation by peroxyacetic acid-based biocides. however, b. cereus was not a reliable predictor of b. anthracis inactivation by the other biocides. in s ...	2009	19350981
microbiological quality of spices marketed in the city of botucatu, são paulo, brazil.	the aim of this work was to assess the microbiological quality of spices sold in botucatu, são paulo, brazil. a total of 233 samples were analyzed for mesophilic bacteria, thermotolerant coliforms, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, and salmonella. data showed that 21 and 5.6% of these samples were not in agreement with the standards of brazilian law, due to an excess of coliforms and to the presence of salmonella, respectively. black pepper and cumin exhibited the lowest microbiological qu ...	2009	19350991
engineered sers substrates with multiscale signal enhancement: nanoparticle cluster arrays.	defined nanoparticle cluster arrays (ncas) with total lateral dimensions of up to 25.4 microm x 25.4 microm have been fabricated on top of a 10 nm thin gold film using template-guided self-assembly. this approach provides precise control of the structural parameters in the arrays, allowing a systematic variation of the average number of nanoparticles in the clusters (n) and the edge-to-edge separation (lambda) between 1 < n < 20 and 50 nm < or = lambda < or = 1000 nm, respectively. investigation ...	2009	19354266
copper(ii) and uranyl(ii) complexes with acylthiosemicarbazide: synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity and effects on the growth of promyelocytic leukemia cells hl-60.	new chelates of n(1)-[4-(4-x-phenylsulfonyl)benzoyl]-n(4)-butyl-thiosemicarbazide (x=h, cl, br) with cu(2+) and uo(2)(2+) have been prepared and characterized by analytical and physico-chemical techniques such as magnetic susceptibility measurements, elemental and thermal analyses, electronic, esr and ir spectral studies. room temperature esr spectra of cu(ii) complexes yield {g} values characteristic of distorted octahedral and pseudo-tetrahedral geometry. infrared spectra indicate that complex ...	2009	19356828
reduction of salmonella enterica var. enteritidis colonization and invasion by bacillus cereus var. toyoi inclusion in poultry feeds.	the effect of continuously feeding the probiotic microorganism toyocerin to birds inoculated with salmonella enteritidis field-isolated strains on salmonella enteritidis prevalence, and performance variables were studied in 2 experiments. the experiments were performed with 1) broiler chickens in floor pens until slaughter 42 d of age, challenge was performed on d 3, 7, or 14 with 2 x 10(6) cfu per chick, and 2) single comb white leghorn chickens in cages until 28 d of age, challenge was perform ...	2009	19359685