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[a pathogenic and clinical study of 882 cases of adult influenza-like illness in guangzhou].this study was undertaken to describe the viral etiology and clinical features in patients with influenza-like illness (ili) in guangzhou.201021176504
evaluation of the 3m rapid detection test for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children during the early stages of the 2009 rsv season.we report the results of the 3m rapid detection respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) assay. this study includes pediatric patient results from nasopharyngeal swabs submitted from october to december 2009. there was a sensitivity of 74% and specificity approaching 100% compared to the pcr-based xtag respiratory viral panel.201021177903
structural and functional analysis of the rous sarcoma virus negative regulator of splicing and demonstration of its activation by the 9g8 sr protein.retroviruses require both spliced and unspliced rnas for replication. accumulation of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) unspliced rna depends upon the negative regulator of splicing (nrs). its 5'-part is considered as an ese binding sr proteins. its 3'-part contains a decoy 5'-splice site (ss), which inhibits splicing at the bona fide 5'-ss. only the 3d structure of a small nrs fragment had been experimentally studied. here, by chemical and enzymatic probing, we determine the 2d structure of the entire r ...201021183462
aik-c measles vaccine expressing fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus induces protective antibodies in cotton rats.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of respiratory infection in infants, and no vaccine is available. in this report, recombinant aik-c measles vaccines, expressing the rsv g or f protein of subgroup a (mvaik/rsv/g or f), were investigated as a rsv vaccine candidate. mvaik/rsv/g or f had the original ts phenotype and expressed rsv/g or f protein. cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against rsv subgroups a and b were detected in cotton rats immunized intramuscularly with ...201021185852
distinctive clinical features of human bocavirus in children younger than 2 years.clinical characteristics of human bocavirus (hbov) infection have been studied worldwide, but their importance of those characteristics remains unknown. we investigated distinctive clinical features of hbov-positive children with lower respiratory tract infection (lrti).201020383526
lipopeptide-adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus virosomes: a safe and immunogenic non-replicating vaccine formulation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory disease in children and the elderly. there is no registered rsv vaccine. early experimental non-replicating vaccines have been found to exacerbate rsv symptoms upon infection causing enhanced respiratory disease. here we show that immunization of mice with reconstituted virosomes produced from rsv envelopes and containing the lipopeptide adjuvant (p3csk4), induces high-titer virus-neutralizing antibodies, and the secretion of ifn-gamma ...201020600502
genome-wide analysis of nac transcription factor family in rice.we investigated 151 non-redundant nac genes in rice and 117 in arabidopsis. a complete overview of this gene family in rice is presented, including gene structures, phylogenies, genome localizations, and expression profiles. we also performed a comparative analysis of these genes in rice and arabidopsis. conserved amino acid residues and phylogeny construction using the nac conserved domain sequence suggest that osnac gene family was classified broadly into two major groups (a and b) and sixteen ...201020600702
comparative costs of hospitalisation among infants at high risk for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection during the first year of life.this retrospective cohort study compared the total cost of hospitalisation due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lri) during the first year of life between late-preterm (33-36 weeks gestational age [wga]) and term (≥ 37 wga) infants.201020128663
interleukin 18 coexpression during respiratory syncytial virus infection results in enhanced disease mediated by natural killer cells.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes bronchiolitis, the main cause of infantile hospitalization. immunity against reinfection is poor, and there is great interest in boosting vaccine responses using live vectors expressing host cytokines. we therefore constructed a recombinant rsv expressing murine interleukin 18 (rsv/il-18), a cytokine capable of inducing strong antiviral immune responses. in vitro rsv/il-18 replicated at wild-type levels and produced soluble il-18. in naïve balb/c mice, rs ...201020130064
a systematic review of compliance with palivizumab administration for rsv immunoprophylaxis.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in infants and young children, accounting for approximately 75,000-125,000 hospitalizations per year. it is estimated that in 2000, rsv infection accounted for 1.7 million office visits, 402,000 emergency room visits, and 236,000 hospital outpatient visits per year for children younger than 5 years of age. palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against rsv, is the only immunoprophylaxi ...201020131495
cost effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis: a critical and systematic review.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the us. the economic burden of severe disease is substantial, including hospitalization costs and out-of-pocket expenses. rsv prophylaxis with either rsv immune globulin intravenous (rsv-igiv) or palivizumab has been shown to be effective in reducing rsv-related hospitalizations. motavizumab, a new enhanced-potency humanized rsv monoclonal antibody, is presently in clinical trials. rsv-igiv and palivizumab are as ...201020131925
prevalence and clinical and molecular characterization of human metapneumovirus in children with acute respiratory infection in china.human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a newly discovered paramyxovirus, has been associated with acute respiratory tract infections (artis). however, the prevalence and molecular characteristics of hmpv in china are still unclear.201020135829
viral colonization in intubated patients: initial pathogen pattern and follow-up.colonization of the lower respiratory tract is an independent risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia. little is known about the frequency of viral colonization on intubation and during mechanical ventilation.201020565492
antiviral biflavonoids from radix wikstroemiae (liaogewanggen).abstract:201020565950
cpg methylation modulates tissue-specific expression of a transgene in chickens.the use of genetically modified germ cells is an ideal system to induce transgenesis in birds; the primordial germ cell (pgc) is the most promising candidate for this system. in the present study, we confirmed the practical application of this system using lentivirus-transduced chicken gonadal pgcs (gpgcs). embryonic gonads were collected from 5.5-d old korean oge chickens (black feathers). the gpgc population was enriched (magnetic-activated cell sorting technique) and then they were transduced ...201020570335
cd25+ natural regulatory t cells are critical in limiting innate and adaptive immunity and resolving disease following respiratory syncytial virus infection.regulatory cd4(+) t cells have been shown to be important in limiting immune responses, but their role in respiratory viral infections has received little attention. here we observed that following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, cd4(+) foxp3(+) cd25(+) natural regulatory t-cell numbers increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung, mediastinal lymph nodes, and spleen. the depletion of cd25(+) natural regulatory t cells prior to rsv infection led to enhanced weight loss with d ...201020573822
toll-like receptor 4 asp299gly polymorphism in respiratory syncytial virus epidemics.the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen serves as ligand for toll-like receptor (tlr) 4 that is a transmembrane signaling receptor in macrophages and dendritic cells. according to current evidence single nucleotide polymorphism involving amino acid 299 influences the susceptibility to severe rsv infections. the asp299gly allele has been shown to influence the tlr4-mediated signaling causing conformational change in the extracellular domain that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patt ...201020575099
asthma and allergy patterns over 18 years after severe rsv bronchiolitis in the first year of life.an increased prevalence of asthma/recurrent wheeze (rw), clinical allergy and allergic sensitisation up to age 13 years has previously been reported in subjects hospitalised with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in their first year of life compared with matched controls. a study was undertaken to examine whether these features persist into early adulthood, to report longitudinal wheeze and allergy patterns, and to see how large and small airway function relates to rsv infec ...201020581410
acute lower respiratory tract infections by human metapneumovirus in children in southwest china: a 2-year study.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has been reported to cause both upper and lower respiratory tract diseases in susceptible populations, particularly in children and the elderly. in this study, we describe a hospital-based epidemiological study of hmpv in patients presenting to a children's hospital and show the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with hmpv infection in china, retrospectively. specimens were collected over a 2-year period from children hospitalized with acute lower re ...201020583291
the distinguishing features of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus.acute respiratory tract infections (rtis) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a member of the metapneumovirus genus within the pneumovirinae subfamily of the paramyxoviridae family. though hmpv was only discovered in 2001, a large body of work has already shown that it is the aetiologic agent of a substantial proportion of upper and lower rtis across all age groups in both healthy and immunocompromised hosts throughout the world. rsv, also a ...201020586081
hairpin dna-functionalized gold colloids for the imaging of mrna in live cells.a strategy is presented for the live cell imaging of messenger rna using hairpin dna-functionalized gold nanoparticles (haunp). haunp improve upon technologies for studying rna trafficking by their efficient internalization within live cells without transfection reagents, improved resistance to dnase degradation, low cytotoxicity, and the incorporation of hairpin dna molecular beacons to confer high specificity and sensitivity to the target mrna sequence. furthermore, the targeted nanoparticle-b ...201020586450
respiratory syncitial virus in children with acute respiratory infections.to study the nutritional status of children with respiratory syncitial virus infection.201020589473
gene expression differences in lungs of mice during secondary immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection.vaccine-induced immunity has been shown to alter the course of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection both in murine models and in humans. to elucidate which mechanisms underlie the effect of vaccine-induced immunity on the course of rsv infection, transcription profiles in the lungs of rsv-infected mice were examined by microarray analysis. three models were used: rsv reinfection as a model for natural immunity, rsv challenge after formalin-inactivated rsv vaccination as a model for vacc ...201020592085
prophylactic treatment with a g glycoprotein monoclonal antibody reduces pulmonary inflammation in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-challenged naive and formalin-inactivated rsv-immunized balb/c mice.we examined whether prophylactically administered anti-respiratory syncytial virus (anti-rsv) g monoclonal antibody (mab) would decrease the pulmonary inflammation associated with primary rsv infection and formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv)-enhanced disease in mice. mab 131-2g administration 1 day prior to primary infection reduced the pulmonary inflammatory response and the level of rsv replication. further, intact or f(ab')(2) forms of mab 131-2g administered 1 day prior to infection in fi-rsv- ...201020592094
expression and characterization of a multivalent human respiratory syncytial virus protein.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been recognized as one of the most common causes of severe respiratory tract infection in infants worldwide. as yet, a safe and effective vaccine has not been developed to protect humans from rsv. the f and g surface proteins have been widely investigated due to their potential to induce protective immunity. in addition, the m2 protein has been shown to be important in inducing a t-cell response. our project involved the cloning of the immunodominant regions ...201020608172
seasonal patterns of viral and bacterial infections among children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in a tropical region.community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a common cause of morbidity among children. evidence on seasonality, especially on the frequency of viral and bacterial causative agents is scarce; such information may be useful in an era of changing climate conditions worldwide. to analyze the frequency of distinct infections, meteorological indicators and seasons in children hospitalized for cap in salvador, brazil, nasopharyngeal aspirate and blood were collected from 184 patients aged < 5 y over a 21-mo ...201020608763
economic results of a palivizumab seasonal prophylaxis using a cohorting software and vial sharing.respiratory syncytial virus is the most important pathogen in lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. in high-risk populations it may develop severe, sometimes fatal, lower respiratory tract infections. a proportion of these infants require admission to intensive care units due to the severity of the condition and the level of care needed. furthermore, we must consider the possible increased risk of asthma following rsv infection in infancy.201020609229
new genotypes within respiratory syncytial virus group b genotype ba in niigata, japan.phylogenetic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) group b genotype ba strains from the 2002-2003 to 2009-2010 seasons collected in niigata, japan, revealed four distinct clusters, designated new ba genotypes ba7, ba8, ba9, and ba10. these new genotypes were not associated with large outbreaks in the community.201020610675
role of peroxiredoxin 1 and peroxiredoxin 4 in protection of respiratory syncytial virus-induced cysteinyl oxidation of nuclear cytoskeletal proteins.the respiratory epithelium plays a central role in innate immunity by secreting networks of inflammatory mediators in response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. previous proteomic studies focusing on the host cellular response to rsv indicated the existence of a nuclear heat shock response and cytoplasmic depletion of antioxidant proteins in model type ii-like airway epithelial cells. here, we increased the depth of nuclear proteomic interrogation by using fluorescence difference l ...201020610706
[recommendations for the use of palivizumab in the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in late preterm infants (32(1) to 35(0) weeks of gestation)].late preterm infants (32(1) to 35(0) weeks gestation) aged less than 6 months at start of rsv station or discharged during this time may benefit from rsv monoclonal antibodies (palivizumab) administration to decrease the rates of rsv hospitalization. the spanish society of neonatology considers, based on flip2 results in spain, that palivizumab prophylaxis is strongly recommended if the "2 major risk factors" are present (chronological age less than 10 weeks at start of rsv season or being born ...201020621574
viral load drives disease in humans experimentally infected with respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of childhood lower respiratory infection, yet viable therapies are lacking. two major challenges have stalled antiviral development: ethical difficulties in performing pediatric proof-of-concept studies and the prevailing concept that the disease is immune-mediated rather than being driven by viral load.201020622030
virologically confirmed population-based burden of hospitalization caused by respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses in children in hong kong.to determine virologically confirmed hospitalization rates associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses in hong kong children.201020622713
virological investigations in sudden unexpected deaths in infancy (sudi).previous studies have implicated viral infections in the pathogenesis of sudden unexpected death in infancy (sudi), and routine virological investigations are recommended by current sudi autopsy protocols. the aim of this study is to determine the role of post-mortem virology in establishing a cause of death. a retrospective review of 546 sudi autopsies was carried out as part of a larger series of >1,500 consecutive paediatric autopsies performed over a 10-year period, 1996-2005, in a single sp ...201020623342
the effect of respiratory syncytial virus on subsequent recurrent wheezing in atopic and nonatopic children.although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in early life are followed by later airway hyperreactivity, it is unclear whether there is a causal relationship between this and an atopic diathesis.201020624638
respiratory virus-induced tlr7 activation controls il-17-associated increased mucus via il-23 regulation.the response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), negative strand ssrna virus, depends upon the ability to recognize specific pathogen-associated targets. in the current study, the role of tlr7 that recognizes ssrna was examined. using tlr7(-/-) mice, we found that the response to rsv infection in the lung was more pathogenic as assessed by significant increases in inflammation and mucus production. although there appeared to be no effect of tlr7 deficiency on type i ifn, the pathology was asso ...201020624950
fosfomycin suppresses rs-virus-induced streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae adhesion to respiratory epithelial cells via the platelet-activating factor receptor.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) sometimes causes acute and severe lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. the platelet-activating factor (paf) receptor, which is a receptor for streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae, is upregulated by rsv infection in the pulmonary epithelial cell line a549. fosfomycin, an antimicrobial agent, significantly suppressed paf receptor induction by rsv infection at the mrna and cell surface expression levels. fosfomycin als ...201020629755
healthcare costs within a year of respiratory syncytial virus among medicaid infants.limited research exists on the economic impact of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory infection (rsv lri) among vulnerable infant populations. this study evaluated healthcare costs of full-term and late-preterm medicaid infants with rsv lri within 1 year of infection. medicaid administrative claims were used to conduct a retrospective study of infants born 2003-2005. full-term and late-preterm infants <1 year old were assigned to groups based on rsv lri and unspecified bronchiolitis/pn ...201020632403
identification of adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus by two kinds of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and a shell vial culture in pediatric patients with viral pneumonia.early identification of causative agents in lower respiratory infection of pediatric patients can reduce morbidity and prevent an overuse of antimicrobials. two kinds of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and a commercial shell vial viral culture were performed to identify causative agents in pediatric patients.201020635453
foxp3+ cd4 regulatory t cells limit pulmonary immunopathology by modulating the cd8 t cell response during respiratory syncytial virus infection.regulatory foxp3(+) cd4 t cells (tregs) prevent spontaneous inflammation in the lungs, inhibit allergic and asthmatic responses, and contribute to tolerance to inhaled allergens. additionally, tregs have previously been shown to suppress the cd8 t cell response during persistent virus infections. however, little is known concerning the role that tregs play in modulating the adaptive immune response during acute respiratory virus infections. we show following acute respiratory syncytial virus (rs ...201020639494
correlation of viral load of respiratory pathogens and co-infections with disease severity in children hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection.the clinical significance of viral load and co-infections in children with respiratory infections is not clear.201020646956
epidemiology of viral respiratory tract infections in a prospective cohort of infants and toddlers attending daycare.the epidemiology of respiratory tract infections (rtis) in a daycare cohort has not been explored using molecular techniques.201020650679
the cost effectiveness of palivizumab: a systematic review of the evidence.palivizumab is a prophylactic therapy shown to reduce the number of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-related hospitalizations but has a high acquisition cost. the objective was to systematically examine the cost effectiveness of palivizumab in defined infant groups and identify important cost and outcome determinants.201020653398
humoral response to the central unglycosylated region of the respiratory syncytial virus attachment protein.to characterize the humoral response to the unglycosylated central region of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment (g) protein, we generated glutathione s-transferase (gst)-rsv g subdomains (central core (cc), residues 151-190; proximal central core (pcc), 151-172; and distal central core (dcc), 173-190) to screen paired sera from rsv subtype a- or b-infected adults in hospitalized or outpatient settings. following rsv infection, a >or=4-fold increase in homo- and heterosubtypic igg r ...201020655403
intrapatient variation of the respiratory syncytial virus attachment protein gene.intrapatient variability of the attachment (g) protein gene of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was examined using both population and single-genome sequencing. samples from three patients infected with a group b virus variant which has a 60-nucleotide duplication in the g protein gene were examined. these samples were chosen because occasional mixed sequence bases were observed. in a minority of rsv genomes from these patients considerable variability was found, including point mutations, inse ...201020660195
molecular quantification of respiratory syncytial virus in respiratory samples: reliable detection during the initial phase of infection.quantitative real-time pcr for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) rna is increasingly used to study the causal role of rsv in lower airway disease. the objective of our study was to evaluate variations in rsv rna loads at different steps in the rna quantification process: (i) variation in rsv rna load within one sample (step 1), (ii) variation in the load in samples from patients who were sampled twice on the same day (step 2), and (iii) variation in the load between simultaneous ...201020660210
palivizumab use in preterm neonates.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in infants. palivizumab is an immunoprophylactic agent for rsv prevention in preterm infants and those with neonatal chronic lung disease. this study examines its use across neonatal units in ireland. a questionnaire was administered to one consultant neonatologist or paediatrician in each of the 20 maternity centres in ireland about their guidelines for palivizumab administration. there is variation in administration of pal ...201020666085
fatality rates in published reports of rsv hospitalizations among high-risk and otherwise healthy children.to review the fatalities among children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, and identify factors leading to a fatal outcome.201020666690
new insights for development of a safe and protective rsv vaccine.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and children <1 year old, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. there is currently no rsv vaccine. in the 1960s, a formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) vaccine trial led to exacerbated disease upon natural infection of vaccinees, including two deaths. the causes involved in the disastrous results of these vaccine trials are still unclear but they remain the engine for searching new ...201020671419
recombinant avian leukosis viruses of subgroup j isolated from field infected commercial layer chickens with hemangioma and myeloid leukosis possess an insertion in the e element.five isolates (js09gy2, js09gy3, js09gy4, js09gy5, and js09gy6) of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) were isolated from six infected commercial layer flocks displaying both hemangioma and myeloid leukosis (ml), which shared the same parental line, in china in 2009.201020676760
exhaled nitric oxide in acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.to investigate fractional exhaled nitric oxide (feno) levels in infants during acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and during convalescence.201020679163
robust iga and igg-producing antibody forming cells in the diffuse-nalt and lungs of sendai virus-vaccinated cotton rats associate with rapid protection against human parainfluenza virus-type 1.sendai virus (sev), a natural mouse pathogen, shows considerable promise as a candidate vaccine for human parainfluenza virus-type 1 (hpiv-1), and also as a vaccine vector for other serious pathogens of infants including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). in an effort to define correlates of immunity, we examined the virus-specific serum antibody of cotton rats inoculated intranasally (i.n.) with sev. virus-specific antibody forming cells (afcs) were also measured in the bone marrow, because the ...201020682364
epitope-specific regulatory cd4 t cells reduce virus-induced illness while preserving cd8 t-cell effector function at the site of infection.the role of epitope-specific regulatory cd4 t cells in modulating cd8 t-cell-mediated immunopathology during acute viral infection has not been well defined. in the murine model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, cd8 t cells play an important role in both viral clearance and immunopathology. we have previously characterized two rsv epitope-specific cd4 t-cell responses with distinct phenotypic properties. one of them, the ia(b)m(209)-specific subset, constitutively expresses foxp3 a ...201020686045
community-acquired respiratory infections in young children with congenital heart diseases in the palivizumab era: the spanish 4-season civic epidemiologic study.to investigate the epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infections (aris) in children younger than 24 months old with hemodynamically significant congenital heart diseases. primary aim: incidence of hospital admission due to ari. secondary aims: risk factors, etiologic agents, clinical outcomes, and usefulness of preventive measures.201020686437
respiratory syncytial virus and staphylococcus aureus coinfection in children hospitalized with pneumonia.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection might facilitate bacterial infection. we describe 5 patients with rsv among 30 children admitted to pediatric hospitals in atlanta between october 1, 2006 and april 30, 2007 with community-onset staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. rsv-s. aureus patients were younger and had less medical comorbidity than those without rsv.201020686440
structural features in the rous sarcoma virus rna stability element are necessary for sensing the correct termination codon.nonsense-mediated mrna decay (nmd) is an mrna quality control mechanism that selectively recognizes and targets for degradation mrnas containing premature termination codons. retroviral full-length rna is presented to the host translation machinery with characteristics rarely observed among host cell mrnas: a long 3' utr, retained introns, and multiple open reading frames. as a result, the viral rna is predicted to be recognized by the host nmd machinery and degraded. in the case of the rous sar ...201020687936
palivizumab prophylaxis in 'late preterm' newborns.in the last decades the preterm birth rate rose more than 20%, largely because of an increase among deliveries of 'late preterm' infants, i.e. those born at 34 to 36 weeks gestational age. late preterm infants are more susceptible to infection by pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), possibly because of the immaturity of both the respiratory system and the immune system. as a consequence, similar risks of serious rsv illness have been observed in late preterm and preterm (born ≤ ...201020695756
roles of the respiratory syncytial virus trailer region: effects of mutations on genome production and stress granule formation.the 5' extragenic trailer region of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is known to be necessary for genome replication, but is more than three times the length of the 3' leader replication promoter, raising the possibility that trailer might play an additional role in viral replication. to examine this, mutant recombinant viruses were constructed in which the trailer region was truncated or substituted with leader-complement sequence. this analysis showed that the complete trailer increased promo ...201020701943
toll-like receptor 4-mediated activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is a determinant of respiratory virus entry and tropism.respiratory viruses exert a heavy toll of morbidity and mortality worldwide. despite this burden there are few specific treatments available for respiratory virus infections. since many viruses utilize host cell enzymatic machinery such as protein kinases for replication, we determined whether pharmacological inhibition of kinases could, in principle, be used as a broad antiviral strategy for common human respiratory virus infections. a panel of green fluorescent protein (gfp)-expressing recombi ...201020702616
palivizumab for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection.question: palivizumab, a specific monoclonal antibody for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), is available for prevention of pediatric respiratory tract infections. what are the indications for its use and can it be used for treatment of rsv infections? answer: most infants should not be considered for rsv prophylaxis with palivizumab. the drug is approved for use for different indications in different canadian provinces. the drug should be administered only in the context of infants most vulnera ...201020705882
tlr4 asp299gly and thr399ile polymorphisms: no impact on human immune responsiveness to lps or respiratory syncytial virus.a broad variety of natural environmental stimuli, genotypic influences and timing all contribute to expression of protective versus maladaptive immune responses and the resulting clinical outcomes in humans. the role of commonly co-segregating toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms asp299gly and thr399ile in this process remains highly controversial. moreover, what differential impact these polymorphisms might have in at risk populations with respiratory dysfu ...201020711470
molecular and demographic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients admitted to king chulalongkorn memorial hospital, thailand, 2007.to preliminary preview the molecular character and its possible clinical correlation of rsv subgroups in thailand.201020716160
inhibition of epithelial sodium channels by respiratory syncytial virus in vitro and in vivo.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children worldwide. infection of mice with rsv decreased sodium (na(+)) dependent alveolar fluid clearance (afc), resulting in increased lung water content and hypoxemia. rsv infection resulted in higher levels of pyrimidines and purines in the alveolar space. intratracheal administration of utp or udp also decreased afc. the effects of rsv on afc and oxygen saturation of balb/c mice we ...201020716287
a flow cytometry-based assay to assess rsv-specific neutralizing antibody is reproducible, efficient and accurate.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of respiratory infection in people of all ages, and is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. although commercially available monoclonal antibody is available for passive prophylaxis of neonates at risk of severe disease, there is no available vaccine to prevent rsv. measurement of neutralizing activity will be a key endpoint for vaccine evaluation. assessment of neutralizing antibody against rsv has been limited to traditional pl ...201020727896
rapid detection of respiratory tract viral infections and coinfections in patients with influenza-like illnesses by use of reverse transcription-pcr dna microarray systems.we prospectively tested 95 nasal swabs or nasopharyngeal aspirates taken from 56 adults and 39 children visiting the reims university medical centre (northern france) for influenza-like illnesses (ili) during the early stage of the french influenza a/h1n1v pandemic (october 2009). respiratory samples were tested using a combination of two commercially available reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) dna microarray systems allowing rapid detection of influenza a virus strains, including the new a/h1n ...201020739481
[infections with respiratory syncytial virus in north lebanon--prevalence during winter 2008].between 1 december 2007 and 31 may 2008, we analysed 120 nasopharyngeal swabs for the presence respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in 120 children aged 15 days to 6 years, hospitalized in 2 hospitals in north lebanon. of the 120 samples, 32 were positive (26.7%) for rsv. there was a peak in january which progressively disappeared from february to may. being positive for rsv was significantly associated with the presence of rhinorrhoea and dyspnoea as clinical symptoms and the absence of ...201020799555
respiratory morbidity in adulthood after respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in infancy.a prospective >25-year follow-up study evaluated the outcome of patients hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection at <24 months of age. questionnaires were sent to 51 study subjects and to population controls. self-reported asthma was present in 30% of the former rsv patients, compared with 3.8% of controls. in adjusted analyses, rsv hospitalization was an independent risk factor of adulthood asthma.201020803817
inefficient lymph node sensitization during respiratory viral infection promotes il-17-mediated lung pathology.development of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue has been suggested to enhance local antiviral immune responses; however, ectopic lymph node formation often corresponds to chronic inflammatory diseases. these studies investigated the role of ectopic pulmonary lymph nodes upon respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection using ccr7-deficient mice, which develop bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue early in life. ccr7(-/-) mice exhibited impaired secondary lymph node formation, enhanced effector t ...201020805422
the synthetic bacterial lipopeptide pam3csk4 modulates respiratory syncytial virus infection independent of tlr activation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of acute respiratory disease in infants, immunocompromised subjects and the elderly. however, it is unclear why most primary rsv infections are associated with relatively mild symptoms, whereas some result in severe lower respiratory tract infections and bronchiolitis. since rsv hospitalization has been associated with respiratory bacterial co-infections, we have tested if bacterial toll-like receptor (tlr) agonists influence rsv-a2-gfp inf ...201020808895
human respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory tract infections in china.there are limited data on the prevalence and clinical and molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) in children with acute respiratory tract infections (artis) in china. from december 2006 to march 2009, 894 nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) were collected from children under 14 years of age with artis. samples were screened for hrsv and genotyped by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and sequencing. demographic and clinical information was recorded. a total of 38.14% ...201020810776
respiratory syncytial virus infection and risk of acute myocardial infarction.increasing evidences have shown that pathogens may promote atherosclerosis and trigger acute myocardial infarction (ami). there is no report on the association between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and ami. the case-control study was used to assess the association of previous rsv infection and acute myocardial infarction.201020811272
pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 and respiratory syncytial virus associated hospitalizations.to determine the contribution of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) as the cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) associated hospitalizations during the first year of the influenza a(h1n1) 2009 pandemic and to assess the severity of illness during the second pandemic wave.201020816695
burden on uk secondary care of rotavirus disease and seasonal infections in children.rotavirus is a common infection affecting children under 5 years, which leads to a significant disease burden. this burden is potentially exacerbated by the seasonality of rotavirus, particularly in the context of the seasonality of other common childhood infections. the primary study objective was to describe the pattern and burden of seasonal infections amongst children under 5 years of age with particular attention placed on rotavirus and other gastrointestinal infections.201020818925
pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of a respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor in the cotton rat model.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, elderly persons, and severely immunocompromised patients. effective postinfection treatments are not widely available, and currently there is no approved vaccine. tmc353121 is a potent rsv fusion inhibitor in vitro, and its ability to reduce viral loads in vivo was demonstrated in cotton rats following prophylactic intravenous administration. here, the pharmacokinetics of tm ...201020823290
withdrawn: immunoglobulin treatment for respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and pneumonia hospitalise hundreds of thousands of infants every year. treatment is largely supportive therapy, (for example, oxygen, fluids and occasionally mechanical ventilation). ribavirin, an antiviral agent, is licensed for severe rsv infection, although systematic reviews find it of no benefit. passive protection against rsv can be achieved through monthly intramuscular injections of the humanised monoclonal anti-rsv antibody palivizumab (sy ...201020824840
respiratory syncytial virus-positive bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants is associated with thrombocytosis.secondary thrombocytosis is associated with a variety of clinical conditions, one of which is lower respiratory tract infection. however, reports on thrombocytosis induced by viral infections are scarce.201020450128
breastfeeding is associated with the production of type i interferon in infants infected with influenza virus.breast milk-mediated protection against respiratory viruses is well established. however, protective mechanisms are unclear. type i interferons (ifn) mediate host defence against respiratory viruses, particularly influenza virus. the relationship among type i ifn, respiratory viral infections and breastfeeding has not been explored.201020456265
incidence and morbidity of human metapneumovirus and other community-acquired respiratory viruses in lung transplant recipients.to determine the role of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in respiratory tract infections (rtis) of lung transplant recipients, 60 patients were prospectively enrolled in this study spanning from september 2005 to november 2007. community-acquired respiratory viruses (carvs) were identified by polymerase chain reaction and tissue culture in respiratory secretions. of 112 rtis, 51 were associated with > or =1 carv, including 7 hmpv, 13 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 19 parainfluenza virus 1, 2, o ...201020456714
massively parallel pyrosequencing-based transcriptome analyses of small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus), a vector insect transmitting rice stripe virus (rsv).the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus) is an important agricultural pest that not only damages rice plants by sap-sucking, but also acts as a vector that transmits rice stripe virus (rsv), which can cause even more serious yield loss. despite being a model organism for studying entomology, population biology, plant protection, molecular interactions among plants, viruses and insects, only a few genomic sequences are available for this species. to investigate its transcriptome and d ...201020462456
multicenter study of clinical performance of the 3m rapid detection rsv test.this multicenter study evaluated the clinical performance of the 3m rapid detection rsv test (3mrsv) compared to a composite reference standard of r-mix culture and direct specimen immunofluorescence for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the performance of the binaxnow rsv test was also evaluated using this reference standard. in a secondary analysis, discordant results were arbitrated using the gen-probe/prodesse proflu+ reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay. subjects were stra ...201020463154
withdrawn: ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants and young children.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and is responsible for many hospitalizations annually. ribavirin is approved for treatment of these infections, but its use is controversial because of questions about its efficacy, concerns about occupational exposure, and its high cost.201020464715
styrylbenzimidazoles. synthesis and biological activity - part 3.as a follow up of an anti-flaviviridae project, a new series of variously substituted 2-styryl-benzimidazoles were synthesized and tested in vitro for biological activity. compounds were tested in cell-based assays against viruses representative of: i) two of the three genera of the flaviviridae family, i.e. pestiviruses and flaviviruses; ii) other rna virus families, such as retroviridae, picornaviridae, paramyxoviridae, rhabdoviridae and reoviridae; iii) two dna virus families (herpesviridae a ...201020470249
quantitative proteome profiling of respiratory virus-infected lung epithelial cells.respiratory virus infections are among the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza (piv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are major causes of respiratory illness in humans. especially young children and the elderly are susceptible to infections with these viruses. in this study we aim to gain detailed insight into the molecular pathogenesis of respiratory virus infections by studying the protein expression profiles of ...201020470912
protein analysis of purified respiratory syncytial virus particles reveals an important role for heat shock protein 90 in virus particle assembly.in this study, we used imaging and proteomics to identify the presence of virus-associated cellular proteins that may play a role in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) maturation. fluorescence microscopy of virus-infected cells revealed the presence of virus-induced cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and mature virus particles, the latter appearing as virus filaments. in situ electron tomography suggested that the virus filaments were complex structures that were able to package multiple copies of the ...201020530633
[detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia trachomatis and common respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory infection in nanjing].to investigate the nonbacterial pathogens in children with acute respiratory infection (ari) in nanjing.201020540855
use of respiratory syncytial virus surveillance data to optimize the timing of immunoprophylaxis.for children in the united states who are at high risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, the american academy of pediatrics (aap) recommends administering immunoprophylaxis during the rsv season. we present an approach to using surveillance data to help guide application of aap recommendations for immunoprophylaxis to local patterns of rsv outbreaks.201020547651
age-dependent differences in the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections related to the development of natural immunocompetence.the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections appears to differ with age in both humans and bovines. a primary rsv infection in naïve infants and in young calves runs a more severe course when they are 1-6 months old than in their first month of life. the relative lack of clinical signs in the first month of age may be due to high levels of maternally derived neutralizing antibodies or low exposure to infectious virus. this study examined whether age-dependent differences in the p ...201020554798
mucosal delivery of human papillomavirus pseudovirus-encapsidated plasmids improves the potency of dna vaccination.mucosal immunization may be important for protection against pathogens whose transmission and pathogenesis target the mucosal tissue. the capsid proteins of human papillomavirus (hpv) confer tropism for the basal epithelium and can encapsidate dna during self-assembly to form pseudovirions (psvs). therefore, we produced mucosal vaccine vectors by hpv psv encapsidation of dna plasmids expressing an experimental antigen derived from the m and m2 proteins of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). intra ...201020555315
[pandemic influenza one year after the first wave: what did we learn?].during year 2009 our nation experimented the first influenza pandemic wave due to the novel influenza a (h1n1) 2009 virus that emerged in the northern hemisphere at the end of april, 2009. estimated attack rate was about 6 to 12% affecting mainly to schoolchildren who presented with a mild disease. age groups with highest risk of hospitalization were elderly people and children under 5 years old. elderly patients and patients with co-morbidities had the highest risk to die. we have learned that ...201020556317
evidence that the polymerase of respiratory syncytial virus initiates rna replication in a nontemplated fashion.rna virus polymerases must initiate replicative rna synthesis with extremely high accuracy to maintain their genome termini and to avoid generating defective genomes. for the single-stranded negative-sense rna viruses, it is not known how this accuracy is achieved. to investigate this question, mutations were introduced into the 3' terminal base of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) template, and the rna products were examined to determine the impact of the mutation. to perform the assay, rna r ...201020479224
pharmacotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of severe lower respiratory disease in infants and young children. its importance as a pathogen in the elderly and in the immunocompromised is becoming more clearly understood. rsv infection in infancy may lead to chronic lung disease ion later life. newer forms of therapy are needed. this review will discuss the status of many types of compounds that interfere with rsv infection, including antibodies, inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (i ...201020493773
[clinical consensus on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection prophylaxis and the use of palivizumab in paediatric cardiology.].following the results of the civic study, the secpcc proposes to revise its recommendations for the prevention of rsv, taking into account the new evidence, as well as the preventive experience of paediatric cardiologists. for this purpose a structured method of professional consensus has been chosen.201020493788
neuronal nitric oxide synthase within paraventricular nucleus: blood pressure and baroreflex in two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats.the renin-angiotensin system is activated in the early phase of two-kidney, one-clip (2k-1c) hypertension. the paraventricular nucleus (pvn) integrates inputs regulating sympathetic outflow. the pvn receives inputs from plasma angiotensin ii via projections from circumventricular organs and from renal afferent nerves transmitted via the nucleus tractus solitarii. nitric oxide within the pvn may exert a sympathoinhibitory effect. these studies tested whether decreasing endogenous nitric oxide by ...201020494920
viral etiology of severe pneumonia among kenyan infants and children.pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood death in sub-saharan africa. comparative estimates of the contribution of causative pathogens to the burden of disease are essential for targeted vaccine development.201020501927
outpatient rsv lower respiratory infections among high-risk infants and other pediatric populations.to identify the frequency of outpatient, non-hospitalized visits for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lri) among children and high-risk infants.201020503283
role of emerging respiratory viruses in children with severe acute wheezing.acute wheezing episodes are frequently associated with respiratory viral infections in children. however, the role of the recently described respiratory viruses is not yet fully understood.201020503284
interleukin-9 polymorphism in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection: an opposite effect in boys and girls.the predominance of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in boys compared to girls is well known, but its mechanism is not yet understood. this is the first study focusing on gender-specific genetic factors affecting the risk of severe rsv infection using a previously described cohort. we determined 347 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in 470 children hospitalized for rsv infection, their parents, and 1,008 random population controls. we tested if these snps exerted a dif ...201020503287
scientific discovery and scientific reputation: the reception of peyton rous' discovery of the chicken sarcoma virus.this article concerns itself with the reception of rous' 1911 discovery of what later came to be known as the rous sarcoma virus (rsv). rous made his discovery at the rockefeller institute for medical research which had been primarily established to conduct research into infectious diseases. rous' chance discovery of a chicken tumor led him to a series of conjectures about cancer causation and about whether cancer could have an extrinsic cause. rous' finding was received with some scepticism by ...201020503720
inhibition of ifn-gamma-dependent antiviral airway epithelial defense by cigarette smoke.although individuals exposed to cigarette smoke are more susceptible to respiratory infection, the effects of cigarette smoke on lung defense are incompletely understood. because airway epithelial cell responses to type ii interferon (ifn) are critical in regulation of defense against many respiratory viral infections, we hypothesized that cigarette smoke has inhibitory effects on ifn-gamma-dependent antiviral mechanisms in epithelial cells in the airway.201020504369
passive immunisation against respiratory syncytial virus: a cost-effectiveness analysis.the cost-effectiveness of passive immunisation against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the netherlands was studied by assessing incremental costs to prevent one hospitalisation in high-risk children using a novel individualised monthly approach.201020504841
respiratory syncytial virus engineered to express the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator corrects the bioelectric phenotype of human cystic fibrosis airway epithelium in vitro.cystic fibrosis (cf) is the most common lethal recessive genetic disease in the caucasian population. it is caused by mutations in the cf transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene that is normally expressed in ciliated airway epithelial cells and the submucosal glands of the lung. since the cftr gene was first characterized in 1989, a major goal has been to develop an effective gene therapy for cf lung disease, which has the potential to ameliorate morbidity and mortality. respiratory sync ...201020504917
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