Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [perinatal infection with the human immunodeficiency virus]. | introduction: hiv infection, eventually resulting in aids, represents an important problem of the present days, whereas statistical parameters corresponding with the incidence of its manifestations and lethal outcome deserve great attention and cause anxieity of both general population and medical workers of all profiles. the problem is particularly complicated in the hiv-infected pregnant women. the aim of this paper is to examine epidemiology of hiv and aids, influence of hiv infection on the ... | 1998 | 9769666 |
| [fungal and parasitic nosocomial infections: importance and limitations of disinfection methods]. | due to the increase of opportunistic mycosis and parasitosis for several years, the management of fungal and parasitic risk in hospital has become a necessity and an obligation. the authors remind the main rules and knowledges essential to an optimal management of the fungal and parasitic disinfection in hospital. they summarize the efficiency of different disinfection processes in relation to yeasts, filamentous fungi, pneumocystis carinii, cryptosporidia and microsporidia involved in hospital ... | 1998 | 9769895 |
| clindamycin with primaquine vs. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for mild and moderately severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial (ctn 004). ctn-pcp study group. | this double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial compared clindamycin/primaquine (cm/prq) with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) as therapy for aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). forty-five patients received clindamycin (450 mg four times daily [q.i.d.]) and primaquine (15 mg of base/d); 42 received tmp-smz (320 mg/1,600 mg q.i.d. if weight of > or = 60 kg or 240 mg/1,200 mg q.i.d. if weight of < 60 kg) plus placebo primaquine. overall, the efficacy of cm/prq was similar to ... | 1998 | 9770152 |
| mycobacterium avium complex augments macrophage hiv-1 production and increases ccr5 expression. | infection with hiv-1 results in pronounced immune suppression and susceptibility to opportunistic infections (oi). reciprocally, oi augment hiv-1 replication. as we have shown for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and pneumocystis carinii, macrophages infected with opportunistic pathogens and within lymphoid tissues containing oi, exhibit striking levels of viral replication. to explore potential underlying mechanisms for increased hiv-1 replication associated with coinfection, blood monocytes w ... | 1998 | 9770527 |
| first isolation of trichophyton fischeri in the united states. | a 49-year-old male with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was seen at bellevue hospital in new york, n.y. sputum samples yielded cultures of candida lusitaniae, mycobacterium avium, and a filamentous fungus, trichophyton fischeri. t. fischeri is a nonpathogenic fungus which resembles the dermatophyte trichophyton rubrum. this is the first record of the species from u.s. sources. this case exemplifies the ecological differences between t. fischeri and t. rubrum and illustrates how correct identifica ... | 1998 | 9774603 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumopathy in rheumatoid polyarthritis treated by methotrexate in a patient with pulmonary asbestosis]. | 1998 | 9775079 | |
| [epidemiologic characteristics of cerebral toxoplasmosis in 399 hiv-infected patients followed between 1983 and 1994]. | to describe the epidemiological characteristics of toxoplasmic encephalitis in hiv-infected patients with a more than 12-year follow-up. | 1998 | 9775164 |
| cotrimoxazole induced toxic epidermal necrolysis in a suspected case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with human immuno deficiency virus infection. | toxic epidermal necrolysis due to trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole therapy in a subject of hiv with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, is reported, because of its rarity in indian conditions. patient showed excellent recovery on corticosteroid therapy. | 1998 | 9775570 |
| hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis induced by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in an aids patient. | a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and sickle cell anemia presented to the university of wisconsin hospital on two separate occasions with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). on both occasions he was treated with high-dose intravenous trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx). several days into each treatment course he developed hyperkalemia and systemic acidosis consistent with hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis (rta). the abnormalities resolved in the first instance ... | 1998 | 9776424 |
| pneumonia in the patient with hiv infection. | the lower respiratory tract has always been a major site of complications in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. in the era before pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis (pcp) this organism accounted for more than 70% of initial aids-defining diagnoses and was by far the most common identifiable cause of mortality. even in the era of prophylaxis, pcp continues to be the most common aids-defining diagnosis and the most common identifiable cause of death. despite the historic emp ... | 1998 | 9779391 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with peripheral nodular infiltrates in a patient with t-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | 1998 | 9779726 | |
| [infections and lupus]. | infections are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality during the course of systemic lupus erythematosus, and are promoted by various dysfunctions of the immune system, some of which are poorly understood. other predisposing factors have been also identified such as the presence of glomerulonephritis and a treatment with high-dose corticosteroids or immunosuppressors. these factors have been particularly associated with the occurrence of opportunistic infections such as systemic candi ... | 1998 | 9781135 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a superoxide dismutase (sod) gene in pneumocystis carinii. | this work reports the isolation and characterization of a gene encoding a superoxide dismutase (sod, ec.1.15.1.1.) from pneumocystis carinii derived from rat. sense and antisense oligonucleotides, deduced from sod amino acid sequences from a wide variety of organisms, allowed amplification of a 669 bp genomic dna fragment specific to this p. carinii. race-pcr was used to obtain the major part of the complementary dna; the 5'- and 3'-genomic regions were obtained respectively from a mbol subgenom ... | 1998 | 9783449 |
| cultured rat and purified human pneumocystis carinii stimulate intra- but not extracellular free radical production in human neutrophils. | the production of free radicals in human neutrophils was studied in both pneumocystis carinii derived from cultures of l2 rat lung epithelial-like cells and pneumocystis carinii purified from human lung. using the cytochrome c technique, which selectively measured extracellular superoxide generation, hardly any free radical production was observed after stimulation with cultured rat-derived p. carinii. a chemiluminescence technique, which separately measured intra- and extracellular free radical ... | 1998 | 9783456 |
| drug monitoring during the treatment of aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | to monitor trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole plasma levels in patients with aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1998 | 9786102 |
| characterizations of pneumocystis carinii and rat lung lipids: glyceryl ethers and fatty alcohols. | pneumocystis carinii carinii and rat lung phospholipids contained 3-6% 1-alkyl-2-acyl glycerols composed of the glyceryl ether species, 1-o-octadecyl glycerol (batyl alcohol), 1-o-octadec-9-enyl glycerol (selachyl alcohol), 1-o-hexadecyl glycerol (chimyl alcohol), and 1-o-hexadec-9-enyl glycerol. of the major phospholipid classes, phosphatidylinositol (pi) and phosphatidylserine contained the highest percentage of alkyl acyl glycerols. methylprednisolone treatment caused an increase in alkyl acy ... | 1998 | 9788237 |
| pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9792055 | |
| genetic heterogeneity in pneumocystis carinii: an introduction. | molecular techniques have played an important role in demonstrating a high level of heterogeneity among the different types of organisms which are collectively known as pneumocystis carinii. genetic heterogeneity has been observed in pneumocystis organisms isolated from different host species, suggesting that pneumocystis infection is host-species specific. on the basis of this genetic divergence a provisional trinomial nomenclature has been adopted, in which different types of pneumocystis orga ... | 1998 | 9792056 |
| the genome of pneumocystis carinii. | the best understood special form of p. carinii, p. carinii formae specialis (f.sp.) carinii, appears to be haploid and contains about 8 million base pairs of dna (8.5 fg) per nucleus. the genome of p. carinii f.sp. carinii is divided into 13-15 linear chromosomes that range from 300 to 700 kb in size. eight different p. carinii f.sp. carinii karyotypes have been observed. the karyotypes of p. carinii f.sp. carinii differ due to slight variations in the lengths of chromosomes, but the 8 karyotype ... | 1998 | 9792057 |
| typing methods to approach pneumocystis carinii genetic heterogeneity. | the study of the genetic heterogeneity of p. carinii is complicated by the lack of an in vitro culture system, as well as by the likely occurrence of co-infections with several special forms or types in a single host. karyotyping and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis are useful for studies at the evolutionary level. however, these methods require a large number of cells, which prevents their use for the special form infecting humans. dna sequence analysis of genomic regions is useful to study p. ... | 1998 | 9792058 |
| potential impact of pneumocystis genetic diversity on the molecular detection of the parasite in human host. | our aim was to evaluate if genetic diversity of pneumocystis carinii could influence the detection by molecular techniques in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids and in non-invasive specimens (induced sputum, oropharyngeal washing and serum/blood). p. carinii is morphologically similar in different hosts although several strains have been identified by biomolecular techniques. variations of mt-lsu and itss sequences could determine a lack of hybridization of some clinical samples and could have ... | 1998 | 9792059 |
| genetic heterogeneity in human-derived pneumocystis carinii. | genetic heterogeneity has been observed among isolates of human-derived pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii sp. f. hominis). dna sequence analysis has been shown to be informative in distinguishing between isolates of p. carinii sp. f. hominis. single base polymorphisms have been observed in the genes encoding the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal rna, the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal rna and the arom protein. the highest level of genetic variation has been found at the internal transc ... | 1998 | 9792061 |
| the major surface antigen of pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9792062 | |
| emerging aspects related to the application of biomolecular techniques to the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: our experience with itss primers. | 1998 | 9792066 | |
| pcr for detecting pneumocystis carinii in clinical or environmental samples. | since pneumocystis carinii cannot be cultured in vitro, the introduction of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been an enormous advantage for research purposes. it is now possible to detect p. carinii in specimens containing low numbers of organisms where conventional detection methods using microscopic examination of histochemical stains has been insufficient. pcr has been used to detect p. carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage, induced sputum, spontaneous expectorates, oropharyngeal gargles, naso ... | 1998 | 9792067 |
| clinical aspects of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients: 1997. | in 1997 in europe p. carinii pneumonia is largely a disease of individuals who are either unaware of their hiv serostatus or who decline prophylaxis despite knowing they are hiv positive. although fibre optic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage is the diagnostic 'gold standard' polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification applied to oropharyngeal washings appears to have a moderate to high diagnostic yield. with further development this may provide a truly non-invasive diagnostic test. ther ... | 1998 | 9792068 |
| the pneumocystis carinii major surface glycoprotein (msg): its potential involvement in the pathophysiology of pneumocystosis. | 1998 | 9792071 | |
| effect of a killer toxin of pichia anomala to pneumocystis. perspectives in the control of pneumocystosis. | despite the development of drugs in the prophylaxis of pneumocystosis, pneumocystis carinii remains a major opportunistic microorganism in immunosuppressed individuals, especially in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. since side effects were frequently observed after administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine, the drugs which are mainly used in treating human p. carinii pneumonia (pcp), new therapeutic strategies should be developed. over the last years, the inhi ... | 1998 | 9792073 |
| evaluation of drug efficacy by using animal models or in vitro systems. | the efficacy of most therapeutic and prophylactic protocols against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia used in human patients has been tested in animal models, especially in the corticosteroid-treated rat. the advantages and drawbacks of this model have been examined in brief in chapter 1 of this section. more recently, the nude rat, intratracheally inoculated with pneumocystis, was used to test new anti-microbian molecules for their anti-pneumocystis activity. in vitro systems, co-cultures of pneum ... | 1998 | 9792077 |
| in vitro drug assays and statistical analysis. | the development of in vitro drug tests to assess the efficacy of drugs against pneumocystis carinii has been hindered by the lack of efficient methods for continuous cultivation of the microorganism. however, different short-term culture systems have been proposed by many teams. in the present contribution an in vitro microplate drug assay and two statistical programs allowing the analysis of results are presented. | 1998 | 9792078 |
| [a case of severe neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus treated by plasmapheresis: diagnostic values of serum antiribosomal p protein antibodies and interleukin-6 in cerebrospinal fluid]. | we report here a case of neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus with organic brain syndrome and transverse myelitis which was successfully managed by plasmapheresis. a 27-year-old female with facial rash, arthralgia and fever was diagnosed as having sle and treated with oral prednisolone (psl) in june 1996. after 6 weeks she demonstrated muscle pain and a spiking temperature. the dose of psl was increased but clinical symptoms did not improve. in august, pulse methyl-psl was performed and she subs ... | 1998 | 9793379 |
| [lymph node dissemination of a serious pneumocystis carinii respiratory infection in aids: histopathological and ultrastructural aspects]. | a case report of isolated lymph node extension of atypical respiratory pneumocystis carinii infection which occurred in an hiv-infected patient undergoing aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis is presented with its histopathological and ultrastructural features. aids-associated extrapulmonary and disseminated pneumocystosis are discussed on the ground of their frequency, localizations, risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcome. | 1998 | 9793399 |
| [mortality descriptors in hiv inpatients]. | to assess the clinical-epidemiological descriptors of inpatient mortality in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1998 | 10349150 |
| [opportunistic invasive mycoses in aids. an autopsy study of 211 cases.]. | the opportunistic mycoses are an important cause of morbidity-mortality among patients with severe immunosuppression provoked by hiv. we present a study of 211 serial autopsies of patients with hiv/aids infection carried out by our service in a period of 10 years, observing frequency of invasive mycoses of the 44.1%. pneumocystis carinii infection was the most frequent (32%) with a prevalence of lung affection. candidiasis follows it in order of frequency with 31.1%, predominantly the oropharyng ... | 1998 | 17655402 |
| 2'-chlorodeoxyadenosine effectively induces complete remission in hairy cell leukaemia. | hairy cell leukaemia, previously known as leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis, is an indolent lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology. it typically affects males, causes marked splenomegaly and moderate enlargement of the liver, whilst lymphadenopathy is inconspicuous. pancytopenia is characteristic with unusually profound monocytopenia, variable reduction in platelets, and the presence in the peripheral blood and marrow of abnormal small lymphocytes having irregular cytoplasmic margins. ul ... | 1999 | 27426844 |
| toxicity and efficacy of daily vs. weekly dapsone for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. actg 179 study team. aids clinical trials group. | dapsone is an alternative drug for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis in individuals intolerant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (t/s). there are, however, few data on the pharmacokinetics, toxicity or efficacy of dapsone in children. design. randomized, multicenter trial comparing daily (1 or 2 mg/kg) with weekly (4 mg/kg) dapsone regimens in 94 hiv-infected children intolerant to t/s. | 1999 | 10353516 |
| relationship between event rates and treatment effects in clinical site differences within multicenter trials: an example from primary pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis. | the results of multicenter clinical trials may differ across participating clinical sites. we present a diagnostic approach for evaluating this diversity that emphasizes the relationship between the observed event rates and treatment effects. we use as an example a trial of sequential strategies of pneumocystis prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus infection with 842 patients randomly allocated to start prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, dapsone, or pentamidine. prophylaxis fa ... | 1999 | 10357498 |
| long-term survival after liver transplantation. | liver transplantation (lt) remains a high-risk operation, especially during the first months after lt when technical complications and preexisting illness exert their influence on survival. however, there are late deaths. the authors have reviewed their experience to identify factors impacting on long-term survival. | 1999 | 10359193 |
| alveolar macrophage interactions with pneumocystis carinii. | 1999 | 10360627 | |
| sensitivity, specificity, reliability, and clinical validity of provider-reported symptoms: a comparison with self-reported symptoms. outcomes committee of the aids clinical trials group. | if symptoms are to be recognized and effectively addressed in clinical research, they must be collected using sensitive, specific, reliable, and clinically meaningful methods. | 1999 | 10360804 |
| relationships between topoisomerase ii inhibition, sequence-specificity and dna binding mode of dicationic diphenylfuran derivatives. | four diphenylfuran derivatives possessing different dicationic terminal side chains were used to investigate sequence-specific binding to dna and poisoning of human topoisomerase ii. footprinting experiments with a range of dna substrates attest that all four drugs bind selectively to at-rich sequences in dna. however, the quantitative analysis of the footprinting profiles reveals significant differences in terms of at-selectivity according to the nature of the basic side chains. furimidazoline ... | 1999 | 10363027 |
| the lung in the immunocompromised patient. infectious complications part 2. | pulmonary infections decisively contribute to morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. bacterial, mycobacterial and infections with pneumocystis carinii have been reviewed in an article in the last issue of respiration. in this review, viral and fungal pulmonary infections are discussed in hiv-positive patients and in patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy, stem cell or solid-organ transplantation. | 1999 | 10364733 |
| mechanisms of disease and injury: utilization of mutants, monoclonals, and molecular methods. | rapid advances in our ability to localize and quantify macromolecular changes in health and disease are being brought about by the availability of genetically altered animals (mutants), purified reagents such as monoclonal antibodies, and new molecular methods. targeted gene deletion (knockouts) and gene insertions (transgenics) in animals can allow identification of the importance and function of macromolecules. monoclonal antibodies and fluorescent labels coupled with advances in microscopy pr ... | 1999 | 10367685 |
| rapid disease progression in hiv-1 perinatally infected children born to mothers receiving zidovudine monotherapy during pregnancy. the italian register for hiv infection in children. | to investigate the outcome in children perinatally infected with hiv-1 whose mothers received zidovudine (zdv) monotherapy in pregnancy. | 1999 | 10371173 |
| reasons for failure of prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10371182 | |
| allergic pancytopenia to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following methotrexate treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. | 1999 | 10371291 | |
| concurrent pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus pneumonia after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. | a 46-year-old woman developed concurrent cmv and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) 140 days after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (apbsct) for aml. she was seropositive for cmv before undergoing apbsct and had required prednisone for immune thrombocytopenia and allergic dermatitis for 9 weeks prior to the onset of pneumonia. she had also been receiving pcp prophylaxis with pentamidine aerosol every month for 3 months before developing symptoms. the pneumonia was complica ... | 1999 | 10373078 |
| pneumocystis carinii genotypes and severity of pneumonia. | 1999 | 10376625 | |
| chemokine gene expression during pneumocystis carinii-driven pulmonary inflammation. | severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice lack functional lymphocytes and therefore develop pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. however, when infected scid mice are immunologically reconstituted with congenic spleen cells, a protective inflammatory cascade is initiated. proinflammatory cytokines are produced, and lymphocytes and macrophages are recruited specifically to alveolar sites of infection. importantly, uninfected regions of the lung remain free from inflammatory involvement, suggesting th ... | 1999 | 10377126 |
| phthalein derivatives as a new tool for selectivity in thymidylate synthase inhibition. | a new set of phthalein derivatives stemming from the lead compound, phenolphthalein, were designed to specifically complement structural features of a bacterial form of thymidylate synthase (lactobacillus casei, lcts) versus the human ts (hts) enzyme. the new compounds were screened for their activity and their specificity against ts enzymes from different species, namely, l. casei (lcts), pneumocystis carinii (pcts), cryptococcus neoformans (cnts), and human thymidylate synthase (hts). apparent ... | 1999 | 10377217 |
| 2,4-diphenyl furan diamidines as novel anti-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia agents. | dicationic 2,4-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furans 5-10 and 2, 4-bis(4-amidinophenyl)-3,5-dimethylfurans 14 and 15 have been synthesized. thermal melting studies revealed high binding affinity of the compounds to poly(da-dt) and to the duplex oligomer d(cgcgaattcgcg)2. all of the new compounds were effective against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the immunosuppressed rat model with up to 200-fold increase in activity compared to the control compound pentamidine. no toxicity was noted for 5, 7-10 at th ... | 1999 | 10377232 |
| synthesis of classical and a nonclassical 2-amino-4-oxo-6-methyl-5-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolate inhibitors of thymidylate synthase. | compounds 2-5 were designed as potential antifolate nonpolyglutamatable inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (ts). these analogues are structurally related to 2-amino-4-oxo-5-substituted quinazolines and 2-amino-4-oxo-5-substituted pyrrolo[2, 3-d]pyrimidines which have shown excellent inhibition of ts and, for the quinazoline, significant promise as clinically useful antitumor agents. compounds 2-4 were synthesized by appropriate amine exchange reactions on pivaloyl-protected 5-dimethylaminomethyl ... | 1999 | 10377234 |
| the relation between physician experience and patterns of care for patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: results from a survey of 1,500 physicians in the united states. | to determine whether physician experience and specialty influence the approach to care of aids patients with pneumonia, we surveyed physicians about their management of possible pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) infection. | 1999 | 10378549 |
| the management of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10383536 | |
| variations in the care of hiv-infected adults in the united states: results from the hiv cost and services utilization study. | studies of selected populations suggest that not all persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) receive adequate care. | 1999 | 10386555 |
| variation of antigenicity and serological reaction to pneumocystis carinii in korea. | the present study observed the variation of antigenicity of pneumocystis carinii and serum igg antibody reaction to the antigens from different localities in korea. antigens of rat p. carinii and sera of inhabitants were collected at chunchon. chungju, kwangju, and seoul during 1995-1996. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot were used for immune reaction. absorbance of 1,294 human sera ranged between 0.01 and 0.93. sera from chunchon showed higher absorbances than those from other ar ... | 1999 | 10388269 |
| pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors and antitumor agents: synthesis and biological activities of 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-[(monosubstituted anilino)methyl] pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. | thirteen 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-[(monosubstituted anilino)methyl]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines 5-17 were synthesized as potential pneumocystis carinii (pc) and toxoplasma gondii (tg) dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors and as antitumor agents. compounds 5-17 were designed to investigate the structure-activity relationship of monomethoxy and monohalide substitution in the phenyl ring and n10-methylation of the c9-n10 bridge. the synthetic route to compounds 5-12 involved the reductive amination ... | 1999 | 10395486 |
| atovaquone suspension compared with aerosolized pentamidine for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects intolerant of trimethoprim or sulfonamides. | atovaquone suspensions (750 mg and 1500 mg once a day) were compared with aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg once a month) for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection who were intolerant to trimethoprim or sulfonamides (or both). median time using the assigned therapy was 6.6 months, and the median follow-up was 11.3 months. intent-to-treat analyses (n=549) showed no statistically significant differences among subjects wit ... | 1999 | 10395851 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and the danger of prognostication: apples to apples. | 1999 | 10397194 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia requiring intensive care management: survival and prognostic study in 110 patients with human immunodeficiency virus. | to perform a descriptive study of patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and to identify variables that are predictive of death within 3 months. | 1999 | 10397214 |
| joint effects of hiv-1 rna levels and cd4 lymphocyte cells on the risk of specific opportunistic infections. | to evaluate the predictive value of baseline plasma hiv-1 rna levels and cd4 lymphocyte counts and early changes in these markers after initiating antiretroviral therapy on the risk of development of specific opportunistic infections (ois). | 1999 | 10397533 |
| enteric infections and diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: prospective community-based cohort study. swiss hiv cohort study. | persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are at increased risk for diarrhea and enteric infections. we studied (1) the epidemiology of enteric pathogens associated with diarrhea, (2) the diagnostic yield of stool examination and endoscopic evaluation, (3) risks to develop diarrhea, and (4) the impact of diarrhea on patients' survival. | 1999 | 10399899 |
| usefulness of rat-derived antigen in the serodiagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection. | sera from patients with likely and possible pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) on the basis of clinical information and laboratory investigations were tested by immunoblotting to assess the usefulness of trophozoites in the serodiagnosis of pcp. igg antibodies to 50-60- kda proteins were demonstrated with cyst antigen, but antibodies to additional proteins of 61, 70, 82, 95, 99 and 116 kda were found with trophozoite antigen. these bands were not demonstrated with control sera. igg antibody to ... | 1999 | 10403419 |
| rat model for dual opportunistic pathogen prophylaxis: cryptosporidium parvum and pneumocystis carinii. | 1999 | 10403453 | |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | after 25 years of use in the united states, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) is widely prescribed for various indications. by virtue of sequential blockade of microbial folic acid synthesis, the antimicrobial combination has excellent in vitro inhibitory activity against many common respiratory and urinary tract pathogens, as well as many nosocomial infecting strains. in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, tmp-smx provides prophylactic and therapeutic potency against ... | 1999 | 10405706 |
| pneumocystis carinii polyamine catabolism. | dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo) causes polyamines of the aids-associated opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii to diminish 15 times more rapidly than mammalian host cells. the proposed mechanism was that, unlike mammalian cells, p. carinii is unable to regulate polyamine catabolism when synthesis is blocked. to test this, the responses of the polyamine catabolic enzymes spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase (ssat) and polyamine oxidase (pao) were determined using a new high-perform ... | 1999 | 10409651 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids. new concepts for an old problem]. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) is an ubiquitous pathogen phylogenetically considered a fungus. in individuals with t-cell deficiency, pc produces typically an interstitial pneumonia. the primary infection is, perhaps, transmitted airborne, and is acquired during early infancy. pc was a rare cause of disease until the advent of aids. in susceptible patients infected with hiv it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality despite appropriate prophylaxis and treatment. mutations in the gene that en ... | 1999 | 10413901 |
| characterization of a multicopy family of genes encoding a surface-expressed serine endoprotease in rat pneumocystis carinii. | a unique family of genes encoding serine endoproteases related to the saccharomyces cerevisiae serine endoprotease kexin was identified in pneumocystis carinii. unlike previously described serine endoprotease genes that are single copies, multiple copies of the p. carinii serine endoprotease are distributed throughout the genome. the proteins predicted by these variant genes demonstrate sequence variability, but they retain the conserved active sites associated with endoprotease activity. the se ... | 1999 | 10417743 |
| [aids with inaugural pneumocystis pneumonia pneumonia. impact of triple antiretroviral therapy]. | to evaluate the impact of the advent of triple combination therapy for aids on the nature of the first aids-definiting event, a retrospective study was conducted in the infectious diseases department of the croix-rousse teaching hospital in lyon, france. the 280 patients entered in the aids registry of the department between january 1, 1994, and august 31, 1998, were studied. in 1994 and 1995, 33.05% of registry entries were for a first aids-defining event. after the introduction of triple combi ... | 1999 | 10418042 |
| etiology, clinical features and outcome of splenic microabscesses in hiv-infected patients with prolonged fever. | a prospective study was conducted to determine the etiology, clinical features, and outcome in a series of 32 consecutively enrolled hiv-infected patients with prolonged fever in whom high resolution (7.5 mhz) sonography revealed multiple splenic microabscesses. conventional (3.5 mhz) sonography showed no splenic abnormalities in any patients. the diagnoses were: tuberculosis (14), visceral leishmaniasis (7), disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection (5), salmonella spp. bacteremia (2), ... | 1999 | 10421038 |
| adherence to guidelines for antiretroviral therapy and for preventing opportunistic infections in hiv-infected adults and adolescents in ryan white-funded facilities in the united states. | to determine adherence by health care providers to guidelines for antiretroviral therapy and for prevention of opportunistic infections (ois) in adults with hiv infection in federally funded facilities in the united states, we reviewed records of hiv-infected adults (>13 years) in 11 ryan white title iii facilities in four states for information on eight standard-of-care recommendations during november 1996 through september 1997. eligibility required a visit to the facility within 6 months befo ... | 1999 | 10421247 |
| downward trends in bronchoscopies performed between 1991 and 1997. | to examine the frequency of bronchoscopy performance in a large tertiary medical center over a period of 8 years. | 1999 | 10424532 |
| clinical presentation of hospitalized adult patients with hiv infection and aids in bangkok, thailand. | to characterize the clinical spectrum of disease and immune status of adult hiv-1-infected patients in bangkok. | 1999 | 10428112 |
| inhibition of hiv-1 tat-tar interaction by diphenylfuran derivatives: effects of the terminal basic side chains. | a series of four biscationic diphenylfuran derivatives was used to investigate drug binding to the transactivation response element (tar) rna. the drugs, which are active against the pneumocystis carinii pathogen (pcp), differ by the nature of the terminal basic side chains. furimidazoline (db60) is more potent at inhibiting binding of the tat protein to tar than furamidine (db75) and the amidine-substituted analogues db244 and db226. in vivo studies using the fusion-induced gene stimulation (fi ... | 1999 | 10428378 |
| aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the era of adjunctive steroids: implication of bal neutrophilia. | factors predictive of mortality in patients with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were identified before the introduction of adjunctive steroids, but they have not been reevaluated since. because pcp still occurs in aids, remaining fatal in some cases, we conducted a multivariate analysis of factors predicting mortality in patients with hiv-positive pcp managed from 1990 to 1995, i.e., after the consensus conference on the use of adjunctive steroids. the predictive value of clinical ... | 1999 | 10430719 |
| factors that predict incomplete virological response to protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy. | many patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) have suboptimal responses to protease inhibitor-based therapy. we retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 104 hiv-positive adults, most of whom had previously received antiretrovirals, to identify the frequency and clinical predictors of incomplete response to potent hiv-1 protease inhibitors. sixty-two (60%) of the patients had an incomplete response, defined as a plasma hiv-1 rna level of >400 copies/ml after 20 weeks of the ... | 1999 | 10433568 |
| in situ detection of aspergillus 18s ribosomal rna in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. | we attempted to evaluate the usefulness of in situ hybridization (ish) in the specific diagnosis of aspergillus pulmonary infection. | 1999 | 10435362 |
| fever of undetermined origin in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in brazil: report on 55 cases. | the medical records of patients with aids admitted to a general hospital in brazil from 1989 to 1997 were reviewed retrospectively with the aim at defining the frequency and etiology of fever of undetermined origin (fuo) in hiv-infected patients of a tropical country and to evaluate the usefulness of the main diagnostic procedures. 188 (58.4%) out of 322 patients reported fever at admission to hospital and 55 (17.1%) had fuo. those with fuo had a mean cd4+ cell count of 98/ml. a cause of fever w ... | 1999 | 10436667 |
| [pneumocystosis: progress in diagnosis and treatment]. | in the paper we have presented taxonomy of pneumocystis carinii, the way of infection transmission and risk factors for pneumocystosis. the clinical picture, contemporary treatment and prophylaxis methods, especially in hiv-positive patients have been described too. we have taken into consideration the problem of reinfection and reactivation of pneumocystosis. | 1999 | 10437404 |
| chemoprophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10440453 | |
| atypical wegener's granulomatosis with positive cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, ophthalmologic manifestations, and slowly progressive renal failure without respiratory tract involvement. | a 68-year-old woman had microscopic hematuria and proteinuria since the age of 50. she also had hearing impairment, arthralgia, retinal embolism, peripheral arterial occlusion of the right foot and chronic renal failure during the course. at the age of 68, she had progressive renal failure and nephrotic syndrome with high titers of serum cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c-anca). no evidence of respiratory tract involvement was found. methylprednisolone pulse therapy and low dos ... | 1999 | 10440508 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv infected patients from south africa. | to compare the spectrum of pulmonary disease in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients of african and european origin, with particular reference to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10442127 |
| nocardial infection in a renal transplant recipient on tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. | infection with nocardia spp. is an uncommon but important cause of morbidity and mortality in organ transplant recipients. cotrimoxazole prophylaxis against urinary tract infection and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in these patients usually prevents nocardial infection also. we report the case of a patient on tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil who developed drug-induced diabetes mellitus followed by nocardial brain infection. this infection occurred despite conventional cotrimoxazole prophyla ... | 1999 | 10442495 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a 15-year-old with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. | a 15-y-old male patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (cmcc) and new onset adrenal insufficiency developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the literature on infectious complications of cmcc is reviewed and clinical and laboratory characteristics of the only previously described case of pcp in cmcc are compared with those of the patient reported here. | 1999 | 10447335 |
| protection from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10448407 | |
| trends in perinatal transmission of hiv/aids in the united states. | since 1994, the us public health service (phs) has recommended routine, voluntary prenatal human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing and zidovudine therapy to reduce perinatal hiv transmission. | 1999 | 10450714 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia mimicking wegener's granulomatosis. | 1999 | 10452656 | |
| the accuracy of non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children. | 1999 | 10453137 | |
| plasma hiv viral load in patients with hemophilia and late-stage hiv disease: a measure of current immune suppression. multicenter hemophilia cohort study. | for patients infected with hiv, plasma hiv viral load in early disease predicts long-term prognosis. however, the implications of viral load measurements late in hiv disease are uncertain. | 1999 | 10454946 |
| pneumocystis carinii major surface glycoprotein induces interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 release from a human alveolar epithelial cell line. | the major surface glycoprotein (msg) is an abundant, immunogenic glycoprotein located on the surface of pneumocystis carinii. little is known about the proinflammatory effects of msg. | 1999 | 10457157 |
| changes in aids-defining illnesses in a london clinic, 1987-1998. | to describe the incidence of aids-defining illnesses within a single large clinic setting, to describe temporal changes over a 10-year period in the overall incidence and of individual aids-defining illnesses and to investigate the impact of hiv treatment regimen on the incidence of aids-defining illnesses. | 1999 | 10458621 |
| effect on parasite eradication of pneumocystis carinii-specific antibodies produced in the presence or absence of cd4(+) alphabeta t lymphocytes. | the contribution of specific antibodies (ab) to successful clearance of pneumocystis carinii from host pulmonary tissues has received increasing attention. sera collected from diseased recombinase-activating gene (rag)-1(-/-), tcrbetaxdelta(-/-), tcrbeta(-/-) and abeta(-/-) mutants as well as from aerogenic parasite-exposed (aero) and intranasally (i. n.) infected c57bl/6 mice were transferred to rag-1(-/-) mutants inoculated with freshly isolated parasites. all sera, except for rag-1(-/-) serum ... | 1999 | 10458760 |
| dna amplification of nasopharyngeal aspirates in rats: a procedure to detect pneumocystis carinii. | the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) requires invasive methods of bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy. in this study, we examined efficacy of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) compared to giemsa and silver ammoniacal staining to detect p. carinii in easily accessible extrapulmonary sites as well as lung. samples were collected from lung, nasal and pharyngeal aspirates, gastric contents, urine and blood from dexamethasone treated or untreated virus-free sprague-dawley rats. all ... | 1999 | 10458922 |
| icu admission in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus - a multicentre survey. | we conducted a retrospective study to assess the reasons for admission to the intensive care unit, and subsequent outcome, in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). four hospitals in the south of england participated, all with specialist hiv units. data were collected on 127 patients admitted to icu on 133 separate occasions between june 1993 and october 1997. the mean age on admission was 38 years (range 23-60 years). ninety-four patients (70.7%) were documented hiv-posi ... | 1999 | 10460523 |
| [a search for the focus in patients with fever of unknown origin: is positron-emission tomography with f-18-fluorodeoxyglucose helpful?]. | search for focus in patients with fever of unknown origin (fuo). | 1999 | 10464505 |
| [withdrawal of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in patients receiving efficacious combined antiretroviral treatment. study of 85 cases]. | to analyse the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after the withdrawal of prophylaxis, in patients with aids who were receiving haart (highly active antiretroviral treatment). | 1999 | 10464742 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients: effect of steroid therapy on surfactant level. | previous studies have suggested alterations in pulmonary surfactant lipid in the setting of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. because pulmonary surfactant lipid is composed of a variety of lipid products and because other phospholipids might be present in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) lipid determinations, a single molecular species of phospholipid which comprises a substantial portion of the surfactant lipid fraction, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (dppc), was measured by ... | 1999 | 10464817 |
| inhibition of dihydrofolate reductases from toxoplasma gondii, pneumocystis carinii, and rat liver by rotationally restricted analogues of pyrimethamine and metoprine. | twenty-one conformationally restricted tricyclic pyrimethamine and metoprine analogues with one or two chlorine atoms, or other substituents, at different positions of the phenyl ring were tested for potency and species selectivity against dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from toxoplasma gondii, pneumocystis carinii, and rat liver. heterocyclic systems studied included indeno[2,1-d]pyrimidines, benzo[f]quinazolines, and benzo[3,4]cyclohepta[1,2-d]pyrimidines. all but one of the analogues were more ... | 1999 | 10466054 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: immunofluorescence staining, simple pcr or npcr. | to compare immunofluorescence (if) test, routinely used in the department for the detection of pnemocystis carinni with simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and nested pcr (npcr) methods: bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and induced sputum (is) specimens from hiv-positive (39), lung transplant ssart transplant (2), and one each from non-hodgkin's lymphoma, drug addict and a premature baby were screened by if test, simple pcr and npcr for the presence of p.carinii. | 1999 | 10468133 |
| [antiinfectious prophylaxis in pediatric oncology. work group "quality assurance" of society for pediatric oncology and hematology (gpoh)]. | infections in disease- and/or chemotherapy-related neutropenia are major, often emergency-type problems in the treatment of pediatric oncology patients and explain the ongoing discussion about antiinfectious prophylaxis. the different aspects of prophylaxis and an overview on the literature are presented. antiinfectious prophylaxis in pediatric oncology includes the following issues: 1. general aspects such as information for patients and parents on neutropenia and risk of infectious diseases an ... | 1999 | 10472574 |