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modeling nitrogen and water management effects in a wheat-maize double-cropping system.excessive n and water use in agriculture causes environmental degradation and can potentially jeopardize the sustainability of the system. a field study was conducted from 2000 to 2002 to study the effects of four n treatments (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg n ha(-1) per crop) on a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and maize (zea mays l.) double cropping system under 70 +/- 15% field capacity in the north china plain (ncp). the root zone water quality model (rzwqm), with the crop estimation through resource ...201318948476
induction of phenolic compounds in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) tissue cultures by streptomycin.the tissue cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were induced from the mature embryos (explants) of the dry grains and grown on ms medium containing kinetin (0.1 mg/1) and 2,4 d (1.0 mg/l). the cultures were incubated for two weeks at (25+/-2) degrees c under a light/dark regime (16 h light daily). the formed calli were subcultured at the beginning of the stationary growth phase (15 days) with fresh ms medium containing 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150 mg/l streptomycin elicitor and maintained for ...201317425105
alfalfa rapidly remediates excess inorganic nitrogen at a fertilizer spill site.by 19%, standard remediation techniques had significantly reduced the concentration of nitrate nitrogen (no3- -n) in local ground water at the site of a 1989 anhydrous ammonia spill, but no3- -n concentrations in portions of the site still exceeded the public drinking water standard. our objective was to determine whether local soil and ground water quality could be improved with alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). a 3-yr study was conducted in replicated plots (24 by 30 m) located hydrologically upgr ...201311215664
[a new micromethod for differential quantitative assay of zeatin and zeatin riboside].a new method is proposed for differential quantitative assay of two major endogenous cytokinin forms. it is based on determination of two effective parameters-concentrations of zeatin and zeatin riboside--with the use of appropriate antigens as standards. the method can be used for determining cytokinins in small samples of plant tissues without extract fractionation. this study pioneers in quantitation of changes in the hormonal status of ovules and ovaries of triticum aestivum l. at early stag ...201311530676
[change in the reaction of the antioxidant system of wheat sprouts after uv-irradiation of seeds].the response of the antioxidant system of sprouts of wheat triticum aestivum l. to preliminary irradiation of seeds with uv light was studied. the dependence of lipid peroxidation and the extent of antioxidant activity on the duration of irradiation was studied. it was shown that low doses of uv radiation (5-15 min) stimulate the antioxidant protection of green wheat sprouts grown for eight days. increasing the irradiation time to 30-60 min leads to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the an ...201311040985
cadmium content of wheat grain from a long-term field experiment with sewage sludge.grain cd concentrations were determined in the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars soissons, brigadier, and hereward grown in 1994,1996, and 1999, respectively, in soils of a long-term field experiment to which sewage sludges contaminated with zn, cu, ni, or cr had previously been added. soil pore water soluble cd and free cd2+ increased linearly with increasing total soil cd (r2=0.82 and 0.84, respectively; p<0.001). similarly, soil pore water free cd2+ increased linearly with increasing soi ...201311577862
wheat response to differences in water and nutritional status between zeoponic and hydroponic growth systems.hydroponic culture has traditionally been used for controlled environment life support systems (celss) because the optimal environment for roots supports high growth rates. recent developments in zeoponic substrate and microporous tube irrigation (zpt) also offer high control of the root environment. this study compared the effect of differences in water and nutrient status of zpt or hydroponic culture on growth and yield of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. usu-apogee). in a side-by-side test in ...201311543523
phytosiderophores influence on cadmium mobilization and uptake by wheat and barley plants.a constant anthropogenic release of cadmium to the environment has resulted in a continuous buildup of cd in soils. uptake and accumulation of cd in plant tissue and in grains may lead to food chain transfer to humans. application of synthetic chelates was suggested to increase metal mobilization and facilitate phytoextraction as a means for the remediation of metal-polluted soils. however, most of the chelate-extracted metal may be leached rather than mobilized to plant roots. in contrast to th ...201311790018
mechanism of calcium ion induced multilamellar vesicle-dna interaction.the effect of ca2+ on the dna interaction with anionic and neutral multilamellar vesicles (mlv) has been investigated. dna from wheat (triticum aestivum l. gerek) was introduced to a suspension of mlv, composed of phosphatidylcholine (pc):dicetylphosphate (dcp):cholesterol (chol) at different molar ratios, to which ca2+ (5-75 mm) was subsequently added. indication of aggregation and/or fusion was obtained via light-scattering examination following the addition of ca2+ and dna to the mlv medium. ...20139463807
wheat protein.results from aid-supported nebraska research to improve the nutritional quality of wheat indicate that substantial genetic variation for grain protein content exists in wheat. experimental lines with 5% higher protein in their grain than ordinary varieties have been selected from a high-protein x high-protein cross. genetic variablity for lysine in wheat grain is limited. the genetic component of total lysine variability among 12,6000 wheats in the usda world collection was only 0.5%. genetic in ...20131032110
[investigation on wheat varieties of better protein quantity and quality (author's transl)].a research has been conducted on several hundreds of cultivars and selection lines of bread wheat to find out new varieties of better nutritive characteristics. for a coarse evaluation of protein quantity and quality, a screening method (dyebinding capacity, dbc) was utilized. on the same samples, nitrogen was determined also by the kjeldahl method; in some cases aminoacids analysis was carried out. a very high correlation was found between protein content and dbc and, even higher in this case, ...20131243931
hybrid wheat: quantitative genetic parameters and consequences for the design of breeding programs.commercial heterosis for grain yield is present in hybrid wheat but long-term competiveness of hybrid versus line breeding depends on the development of heterotic groups to improve hybrid prediction. detailed knowledge of the amount of heterosis and quantitative genetic parameters are of paramount importance to assess the potential of hybrid breeding. our objectives were to (1) examine the extent of midparent, better-parent and commercial heterosis in a vast population of 1,604 wheat (triticum a ...201323913277
de novo zygotic transcription in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) includes genes encoding small putative secreted peptides and a protein involved in proteasomal degradation.wheat is one of the world's most important crops, and increasing grain yield is a major challenge for the future. still, our knowledge about the molecular machineries responsible for early post-fertilization events such as zygotic reprogramming, the initial cell-specification events during embryogenesis, and the intercellular communication between the early embryo and the developing endosperm is very limited. here, we describe the identification of de novo transcribed genes in the wheat zygote. ...201323912470
effect of phytase from aspergillus niger on plant growth and mineral assimilation in wheat (triticum aestivum linn.) and its potential for use as a soil amendment.extensive use of non-replenishable phosphate reserves as phosphate supplements in agriculture and animal feed poses a threat for environmental pollution and necessitated a search for alternative phosphate sources. unlocking the phytate phosphorus using microbial phytase can provide an ecofriendly solution in agriculture. the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of phytase from aspergillus niger ncim 563 in degradation of phytate phosphorus to benefit plant nutrition and soil amendm ...201323355258
water stress amelioration and plant growth promotion in wheat plants by osmotic stress tolerant bacteria.soil microorganisms with potential for alleviation of abiotic stresses in combination with plant growth promotion would be extremely useful tools in sustainable agriculture. to this end, the present study was initiated where forty-five salt tolerant bacterial isolates with ability to grow in high salt medium were obtained from the rhizosphere of triticum aestivum and imperata cylindrica. these bacteria were tested for plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria traits in vitro such as phosphate solubil ...201323239372
generation of doubled haploid transgenic wheat lines by microspore transformation.microspores can be induced to develop homozygous doubled haploid plants in a single generation. in the present experiments androgenic microspores of wheat have been genetically transformed and developed into mature homozygous transgenic plants. two different transformation techniques were investigated, one employing electroporation and the other co-cultivation with agrobacterium tumefaciens. different tissue culture and transfection conditions were tested on nine different wheat cultivars using ...201324260351
molecular characterization of aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination of wheat grains from saudi arabia.twelve species belonging to six fungal genera were found to be associated with wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain samples collected from three main regions in saudi arabia. the most common genera (average frequency) were aspergillus (14.3%), fusarium (29.1%), penicillium (9.3%), and alternaria (8.2%). nineteen isolates of aspergillus flavus were screened for their ability to produce aflatoxins using hplc. thirteen isolates produced aflatoxins ranging from 0.5 to 2.6 µg/kg. inter-simple sequence ...201324065675
population growth and damage caused by rhopalosiphum padi (l.) (hemiptera, aphididae) on different cultivars and phenological stages of wheat.among the aphids associated with wheat and other winter cereals, rhopalosiphum padi (l.) is currently the predominant species in the wheat growing region of southern brazil. the damage caused by this aphid occurs by direct feeding and/or by the transmission of pathogenic viruses, such as the barley/cereal yellow dwarf virus. in order to estimate the direct damage caused by r. padi on wheat, we evaluated the population growth of this aphid during the tillering and elongation stages and its effect ...201327023210
utilizing virus-induced gene silencing for the functional characterization of maize genes during infection with the fungal pathogen ustilago maydis.while in dicotyledonous plants virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is well established to study plant-pathogen interaction, in monocots only few examples of efficient vigs have been reported so far. one of the available systems is based on the brome mosaic virus (bmv) which allows gene silencing in different cereals including barley (hordeum vulgare), wheat (triticum aestivum), and maize (zea mays).infection of maize plants by the corn smut fungus ustilago maydis leads to the formation of large ...201323386294
proteomic analysis on the leaves of tabtf3 gene virus-induced silenced wheat plants may reveal its regulatory mechanism.basic transcription factor 3 (btf3) is involved in the transcriptional initiation of rna polymerase ii and is also associated with apoptosis. in this study, virus-induced gene silencing of tabtf3 caused severe viral symptoms in wheat seedlings, which then displayed stunted growth, reduced height, and decreased total fresh and dry weights. a proteomic approach was further used to identify the protein species showing differential abundance between the tabtf3 virus-induced gene silenced wheat plant ...201323563083
cloning and characterization of thioredoxin h in the three-pistil line of common wheat.thioredoxin h (trxh) is a ubiquitous protein that reduces disulfides in target proteins, and is itself reduced by nadph-thioredoxin reductase. in the current study, the complementary dna sequence and the genomic sequence of the three-pistil (tp) line of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were obtained from spikes through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and touchdown-pcr. sequence alignment of amino acids of tptrxh then allowed for predictions of its physicochemical prop ...201323979894
structural and biochemical characterization of the cytosolic wheat cyclophilin tacypa-1.cyclophilins belong to a family of proteins that bind to the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin a (csa). several members of this protein family catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds preceding prolyl residues. the present study describes the biochemical and structural characteristics of a cytosolic cyclophilin (tacypa-1) cloned from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). purified tacypa-1 expressed in escherichia coli showed peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity, which was inhibited ...201323519664
identification of the isoamylase 3 gene in common wheat and its expression profile during the grain-filling period.in higher plants, isoamylase-type starch debranching enzyme catalyzes the α-1,6-glucosidic linkages of glycogen and phytoglycogen. we cloned an isoamylase-type starch debranching enzyme isa3 cdna sequence (2883 bp), designated as taisa3, from common wheat (triticum aestivum), using the rapid amplification of cdna ends method. the open reading frame of taisa3 was found to have 2331 bp, and its deduced amino acid sequence was found to share high similarity with those of other gramineous plant isa3 ...201323479162
molecular cloning and expression analysis of the starch-branching enzyme iii gene from common wheat (triticum aestivum ).the starch-branching enzyme (sbe) catalyzes the formation of branch points by cleaving the α-1,4 linkage in polyglucans and reattaching the chain via an α-1,6 linkage. three types of sbe isoforms (sbei, sbeii, and sbeiii) exist in higher plants, with the number of sbe isoforms being species-specific. this study isolated the sbeiii cdna sequence (3,780 bp), designated tasbeiii (accession no. jq346193), from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using the race method, revealing that the sbeiii gene ...201323344688
a cysteine in the repetitive domain of a high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit interferes with the mixing properties of wheat dough.the quality of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) for making bread is largely due to the strength and extensibility of wheat dough, which in turn is due to the properties of polymeric glutenin. polymeric glutenin consists of high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin protein subunits linked by disulphide bonds between cysteine residues. glutenin subunits differ in their effects on dough mixing properties. the research presented here investigated the effect of a specific, recently discovered, glutenin sub ...201323232769
mixed production of filamentous fungal spores for preventing soil-transmitted helminth zoonoses: a preliminary analysis.helminth zoonoses are parasitic infections shared by humans and animals, being the soil-transmitted helminths (sths) mainly caused by roundworms (ascarids) and hookworms. this study was aimed to assess the individual and/or mixed production of two helminth-antagonistic fungi, one ovicide (mucor circinelloides) and other predator (duddingtonia flagrans). fungi were grown both in petri plates and in a submerged culture (composed by water, nacl, na2hpo4 · 12 h2o, and wheat (triticum aestivum)). a f ...201323710451
mechanisms regulating grain contamination with trichothecenes translocated from the stem base of wheat (triticum aestivum) infected with fusarium culmorum.factors limiting trichothecene contamination of mature wheat grains after fusarium infection are of major interest in crop production. in addition to ear infection, systemic translocation of deoxynivalenol (don) may contribute to mycotoxin levels in grains after stem base infection with toxigenic fusarium spp. however, the exact and potential mechanisms regulating don translocation into wheat grains from the plant base are still unknown. we analyzed two wheat cultivars differing in susceptibilit ...201323758328
whole genome association mapping of fusarium head blight resistance in european winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).a total of 358 recent european winter wheat varieties plus 14 spring wheat varieties were evaluated for resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum in four separate environments. the fhb scores based on fhb incidence (type i resistance)×fhb severity (type ii resistance) indicated a wide phenotypic variation of the varieties with blue (best linear unbiased estimation) values ranging from 0.07 to 33.67. genotyping with 732 microsatellite markers re ...201323451238
cloning and characterization of tasnrk2.3, a novel snrk2 gene in common wheat.environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and cold are major adverse factors that significantly affect agricultural productivity. protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is a major signalling event induced by osmotic stress in higher plants. sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (snrk2) family members play essential roles in the response to hyperosmotic stresses in plants. in this study, the tasnrk2.3 gene, a novel snrk2 member was cloned, and three copies located on chromo ...201323630328
genetic, hormonal, and physiological analysis of late maturity α-amylase in wheat.late maturity α-amylase (lma) is a genetic defect that is commonly found in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars and can result in commercially unacceptably high levels of α-amylase in harvest-ripe grain in the absence of rain or preharvest sprouting. this defect represents a serious problem for wheat farmers, and apart from the circumstantial evidence that gibberellins are somehow involved in the expression of lma, the mechanisms or genes underlying lma are unknown. in this work, we use a ...201323321420
role of bacterial communities in the natural suppression of rhizoctonia solani bare patch disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).rhizoctonia bare patch and root rot disease of wheat, caused by rhizoctonia solani ag-8, develops as distinct patches of stunted plants and limits the yield of direct-seeded (no-till) wheat in the pacific northwest of the united states. at the site of a long-term cropping systems study near ritzville, wa, a decline in rhizoctonia patch disease was observed over an 11-year period. bacterial communities from bulk and rhizosphere soil of plants from inside the patches, outside the patches, and reco ...201324056471
head-group acylation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol is a common stress response, and the acyl-galactose acyl composition varies with the plant species and applied stress.formation of galactose-acylated monogalactosyldiacylglycerols has been shown to be induced by leaf homogenization, mechanical wounding, avirulent bacterial infection and thawing after snap-freezing. here, lipidomic analysis using mass spectrometry showed that galactose-acylated monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, formed in wheat (triticum aestivum) and tomato (solanum lycopersicum) leaves upon wounding, have acyl-galactose profiles that differ from those of wounded arabidopsis thaliana, indicating th ...201324286212
identification and phylogenetic analysis of a cc-nbs-lrr encoding gene assigned on chromosome 7b of wheat.hexaploid wheat displays limited genetic variation. as a direct a and b genome donor of hexaploid wheat, tetraploid wheat represents an important gene pool for cultivated bread wheat. many disease resistant genes express conserved domains of the nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeats (nbs-lrr). in this study, we isolated a cc-nbs-lrr gene locating on chromosome 7b from durum wheat variety italy 363, and designated it tdrga-7ba. its open reading frame was 4014 bp, encoding a 1337 amino ...201323887654
association analysis of genomic loci important for grain weight control in elite common wheat varieties cultivated with variable water and fertiliser supply.grain weight, an essential yield component, is under strong genetic control and markedly influenced by the environment. here, by genome-wide association analysis with a panel of 94 elite common wheat varieties, 37 loci were found significantly associated with thousand-grain weight (tgw) in one or more environments differing in water and fertiliser levels. five loci were stably associated with tgw under all 12 environments examined. their elite alleles had positive effects on tgw. four, two, thre ...201323469248
comparative genomics of a plant-pathogenic fungus, pyrenophora tritici-repentis, reveals transduplication and the impact of repeat elements on pathogenicity and population divergence.pyrenophora tritici-repentis is a necrotrophic fungus causal to the disease tan spot of wheat, whose contribution to crop loss has increased significantly during the last few decades. pathogenicity by this fungus is attributed to the production of host-selective toxins (hst), which are recognized by their host in a genotype-specific manner. to better understand the mechanisms that have led to the increase in disease incidence related to this pathogen, we sequenced the genomes of three p. tritici ...201323316438
modification of photosynthesis and growth responses to elevated co₂ by ozone in two cultivars of winter wheat with different years of release.the beneficial effects of elevated co2 on plants are expected to be compromised by the negative effects posed by other global changes. however, little is known about ozone (o3)-induced modulation of elevated co2 response in plants with differential sensitivity to o3. an old (triticum aestivum cv. beijing 6, o3 tolerant) and a modern (t. aestivum cv. zhongmai 9, o3 sensitive) winter wheat cultivar were exposed to elevated co2 (714 ppm) and/or o3 (72 ppb, for 7h d(-1)) in open-topped chambers for ...201323378379
shotgun analysis of the secretome of fusarium graminearum.fusarium head blight, caused predominately by fusarium graminearum, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. to characterize the profile of proteins secreted by f. graminearum, the extracellular proteins were collectively obtained from f. graminearum culture supernatants and evaluated using one-dimensional sds-page and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. a total of 87 proteins have been identified, of which 63 were predicted as secretory prot ...201324426143
plant growth stimulation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by inoculation of salinity tolerant azotobacter strains.five salinity tolerant azotobacter strains i.e., st3, st6, st9, st17 and st24 were obtained from saline soils. these azotobacter strains were used as inoculant for wheat variety wh157 in earthen pots containing saline soil under pot house conditions, using three fertilizer treatment doses i.e., control (no fertilizer, no inoculation), 90 kg n ha(-1) and 120 kg n ha(-1). inoculation with salinity tolerant azotobacter strains caused significant increase in total nitrogen, biomass and grain yield o ...201324431520
a comparative approach expands the protein-protein interaction node of the immune receptor xa21 in wheat and rice.the rice (oryza sativa) osxa21 receptor kinase is a well-studied immune receptor that initiates a signal transduction pathway leading to resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. two homologs of osxa21 were identified in wheat (triticum aestivum): taxa21-like1 located in a syntenic region with osxa21, and taxa21-like2 located in a nonsyntenic region. proteins encoded by these two wheat genes interact with four wheat orthologs of known osxa21 interactors. in this study, we screened a wheat yea ...201323957671
ectopic expression of a wheat wrky transcription factor gene tawrky71-1 results in hyponastic leaves in arabidopsis thaliana.leaf type is an important trait that closely associates with crop yield. wrky transcription factors exert diverse regulatory effects in plants, but their roles in the determination of leaf type have not been reported so far. in this work, we isolated a wrky transcription factor gene tawrky71-1 from a wheat introgression line sr3, which has larger leaves, superior growth capacity and higher yield than its parent common wheat jn177. tawrky71-1 specifically expressed in leaves, and produced more mr ...201323671653
systematic review: the efficacy of herbal therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.complementary and alternative medicine (cam), particularly herbal therapy, is widely used by patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) but controlled data are limited.201323981095
comparative genome analysis between agrostis stolonifera and members of the pooideae subfamily, including brachypodium distachyon.creeping bentgrass (agrostis stolonifera, allotetraploid 2n = 4x = 28) is one of the major cool-season turfgrasses. it is widely used on golf courses due to its tolerance to low mowing and aggressive growth habit. in this study, we investigated genome relationships of creeping bentgrass relative to the triticeae (a consensus map of triticum aestivum, t. tauschii, hordeum vulgare, and h. spontaneum), oat, rice, and ryegrass maps using a common set of 229 est-rflp markers. the genome comparisons b ...201324244501
heterologous expression of the wheat aquaporin gene tatip2;2 compromises the abiotic stress tolerance of arabidopsis thaliana.aquaporins are channel proteins which transport water across cell membranes. we show that the bread wheat aquaporin gene tatip2;2 maps to the long arm of chromosome 7b and that its product localizes to the endomembrane system. the gene is expressed constitutively in both the root and the leaf, and is down-regulated by salinity and drought stress. salinity stress induced an increased level of c-methylation within the cng trinucleotides in the tatip2;2 promoter region. the heterologous expression ...201324223981
association of jacalin-related lectins with wheat responses to stresses revealed by transcriptional profiling.jacalin-related lectins (jrls) are carbohydrate-binding proteins widely present in plants and have one or more jacalin domains in common. however, jrls' structural types and functions are still poorly understood. in the present study, a total of 67 wheat (triticum aestivum) jrl genes were identified through an exhausted search of est database coupling with genome walking using published 454 sequence reads of chinese spring. a comparison of the translated wheat jrl proteins with those from other ...201323959941
genome-wide prediction of traits with different genetic architecture through efficient variable selection.in genome-based prediction there is considerable uncertainty about the statistical model and method required to maximize prediction accuracy. for traits influenced by a small number of quantitative trait loci (qtl), predictions are expected to benefit from methods performing variable selection [e.g., bayesb or the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso)] compared to methods distributing effects across the genome [ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (rr-blup)]. we inv ...201323934883
on the cellular site of two-pore channel tpc1 action in the poaceae.the slow vacuolar (sv) channel has been characterized in different dicots by patch-clamp recordings. this channel represents the major cation conductance of the largest organelle in most plant cells. studies with the tpc1-2 mutant of the model dicot plant arabidopsis thaliana identified the sv channel as the product of the tpc1 gene. by contrast, research on rice and wheat tpc1 suggested that the monocot gene encodes a plasma membrane calcium-permeable channel. to explore the site of action of g ...201323845012
analysis of codon use features of stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase gene in camellia sinensis.the stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (sad) gene widely exists in all kinds of plants. in this paper, the camellia sinensis sad gene (cssad) sequence was firstly analyzed by codon w, chips, and cusp programs online, and then compared with genomes of the tea plant, other species and sad genes from 11 plant species. the results show that the cssad gene and the selected 73 of c. sinensis genes have similar codon usage bias. the cssad gene has a bias toward the synonymous codons with a and t ...201323774066
rootnav: navigating images of complex root architectures.we present a novel image analysis tool that allows the semiautomated quantification of complex root system architectures in a range of plant species grown and imaged in a variety of ways. the automatic component of rootnav takes a top-down approach, utilizing the powerful expectation maximization classification algorithm to examine regions of the input image, calculating the likelihood that given pixels correspond to roots. this information is used as the basis for an optimization approach to ro ...201323766367
planex: the plant co-expression database.the plant co-expression database (planex) is a new internet-based database for plant gene analysis. planex (http://planex.plantbioinformatics.org) contains publicly available genechip data obtained from the gene expression omnibus (geo) of the national center for biotechnology information (ncbi). planex is a genome-wide co-expression database, which allows for the functional identification of genes from a wide variety of experimental designs. it can be used for the characterization of genes for ...201323688397
dbwfa: a web-based database for functional annotation of triticum aestivum transcripts.the functional annotation of genes based on sequence homology with genes from model species genomes is time-consuming because it is necessary to mine several unrelated databases. the aim of the present work was to develop a functional annotation database for common wheat triticum aestivum (l.). the database, named dbwfa, is based on the reference ncbi unigene set, an expressed gene catalogue built by expressed sequence tag clustering, and on full-length coding sequences retrieved from the trifld ...201323660284
differential expression of three bor1 genes corresponding to different genomes in response to boron conditions in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).boron (b) is an essential micronutrient for plants. efflux-type b transporters, bors, have been identified in arabidopsis thaliana and rice. here we identified bor1 genes encoding b efflux transporters, from the hexaploid genome of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). we cloned three genes closely related to osbor1 and named them tabor1.1, tabor1.2 and tabor1.3. all three tabor1s showed b efflux activities when expressed in tobacco by-2 cells. tabor1-green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion proteins were ...201323596187
in silico comparative analysis and expression profile of antioxidant proteins in plants.the antioxidant system in plants is a very important defensive mechanism to overcome stress conditions. we examined the expression profile of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat) and ascorbate peroxidase (apx) using a bioinformatics approach. we explored secondary structure prediction and made detailed studies of signature pattern of antioxidant proteins in four plant species (triticum aestivum, arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa, and brassica juncea). fingerprinting an ...201323512671
mitochondria-addressed cations decelerate the leaf senescence and death in arabidopsis thaliana and increase the vegetative period and improve crop structure of the wheat triticum aestivum.plastoquinone or its methylated form covalently bound to the membrane-penetrating decyltriphenylphosphonium cation (skq1 and skq3) retarded the senescence of arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves and their death. dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (c(12)tpp(+)) had a similar effect. much like skq1, c(12)tpp(+) prevented production of reactive oxygen species (ros) measured by the fluorescence of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein in mitochondria of the plant cells. skq1 augmented the length of the vegetation perio ...201323379561
homeotic genes and the abcde model for floral organ formation in wheat.floral organ formation has been the subject of intensive study for over 20 years, particularly in the model dicot species arabidopsis thaliana. these studies have led to the establishment of a general model for the development of floral organs in higher plants, the so-called abcde model, in which floral whorl-specific combinations of class a, b, c, d, or e genes specify floral organ identity. in arabidopsis, class a, b, c, d, e genes encode mads-box transcription factors except for the class a g ...201327137382
land application of sugar beet by-products: effects on runoff and percolating water quality.water quality concerns, including greater potential for nutrient transport to surface waters resulting in eutrophication and nutrient leaching to ground water, exist when agricultural or food processing industry wastes and by-products are land applied. plot- and field-scale studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of sugar beet by-products on no3-n and p losses and biochemical oxygen demand (bod) in runoff and no3-n concentrations in percolating waters. in the runoff plot study, treatments ...201319141823
land application of sugar beet by-products: effects on nitrogen mineralization and crop yields.land application of food processing wastes has become an acceptable practice because of the nutrient value of the wastes and potential cost savings in their disposal. spoiled beets and pulp are among the main by-products generated by the sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) processing industry. farmers commonly land apply these by-products at rates >224 mg ha(-1) on a fresh weight basis. however, information on nutrient release in soils treated with these by-products and their subsequent impacts on cro ...201319141822
increase in growth, productivity and nutritional status of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. wh-711) and enrichment in soil fertility applied with organic matrix entrapped urea.field experiments were conducted during two consequent years in semi-arid, subtropical climate of rohtak district situated in north-west indian state haryana to evaluate the effects of eco-friendly organic matrix entrapped urea (omeu) on wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. wh-711). the omeu prepared in granular form contained cow dung, rice bran (grain cover of oryza sativa), neem (azadirachta indica) leaves and clay soil (diameter of particles < 0.002 mm) in 1:1:1:1 ratios and saresh (plant gum of ...201324006800
effects of feeding algal meal high in docosahexaenoic acid on feed intake, milk production, and methane emissions in dairy cows.this study examined effects on milk yield and composition, milk fatty acid concentrations and methane (ch4) emissions when dairy cows were offered diets containing different amounts of algal meal. the algal meal contained 20% docosahexaenoic acid (dha) and cows were offered either 0, 125, 250, or 375 g/cow per d of algal meal corresponding to 0, 25, 50, or 75 g of dha/cow per d. thirty-two holstein cows in mid lactation were allocated to 4 treatment groups, and cows in all groups were individual ...201323498011
differential growth and yield by canola (brassica napus l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) arising from alterations in chemical properties of sandy soils due to additions of fly ash.there is a need for field trials on testing agronomic potential of coal fly ash to engender routine use of this technology. two field trials were undertaken with alkaline and acidic fly ashes supplied at between 3 and 6 mg ha⁻¹ to acidic soils and sown to wheat and canola at richmond (eastern australia) and to wheat only at merredin (western australia).201323070937
accumulation of wet-deposited radiocaesium and radiostrontium by spring oilseed rape (brássica napus l.) and spring wheat (tríticum aestívum l.).the accumulation of (134)cs and (85)sr within different parts of spring oilseed rape and spring wheat plants was investigated, with a particular focus on transfer to seeds after artificial wet deposition at different growth stages during a two-year field trial. in general, the accumulation of radionuclides in plant parts increased when deposition was closer to harvest. the seed of spring oilseed rape had lower concentrations of (85)sr than spring wheat grain. the plants accumulated more (134)cs ...201323973885
impact of biotic and abiotic stresses on the competitive ability of multiple herbicide resistant wild oat (avena fatua).ecological theory predicts that fitness costs of herbicide resistance should lead to the reduced relative abundance of resistant populations upon the cessation of herbicide use. this greenhouse research investigated the potential fitness costs of two multiple herbicide resistant (mhr) wild oat (avena fatua) populations, an economically important weed that affects cereal and pulse crop production in the northern great plains of north america. we compared the competitive ability of two mhr and two ...201323696896
effect of maturity at harvest on yield, chemical composition, and in situ degradability for annual cereals used for swath grazing.the objective of this study was to determine how harvest maturity of whole-crop cereals commonly used in swath grazing systems in western canada affects yield, chemical composition, and in situ digestibility. we hypothesized that the increase in yield with advancing maturity would not offset the decline in digestibility and, thus, the yield of effectively degradable dm (eddm) would decline with advanced stages of maturity. four replicate plots of barley (hordeum vulgare l.; cv. cdc cowboy), mill ...201323658356
an immunofluorescence assay for the detection of wheat rust species using monoclonal antibody against urediniospores of puccinia triticina.wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crop species, but yields are often drastically reduced by rust epidemics. in this report, we describe a rapid and sensitive immunofluorescence method for the detection of urediniospores of the fungi puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, puccinia triticina and puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, which are causal agents of wheat rust.201323795944
molecular mapping of leaf rust resistance gene lrnj97 in chinese wheat line neijiang 977671.neijiang 977671 and 19 near-isogenic lines with known leaf rust resistance genes were inoculated with 12 pathotypes of puccinia triticina for postulation of leaf rust resistance genes effective at the seedling stage. the reaction pattern of neijiang 977671 differed from those of the lines with known leaf rust resistance genes used in the test, indicating that neijiang 977671 may carry a new leaf rust resistance gene(s). with the objective of identifying and mapping the new gene for resistance to ...201323689746
fine mapping of leaf rust resistance gene lrzh84 using expressed sequence tag and sequence-tagged site markers, and allelism with other genes on wheat chromosome 1b.zhou 8425b, possessing the leaf rust resistance gene lrzh84, is an elite wheat (triticum aestivum) parental line in the yellow-huai valley region of china. in the present study, 2,086 f(2) plants derived from zhou 8425b/chinese spring were used for fine mapping of lrzh84 with expressed sequence tag (est) and sequence-tagged site (sts) markers. seventy inter-simple sequence repeat est and sts markers on 1bl were used to screen the two parents and resistant and susceptible bulks; those polymorphic ...201323113548
dimerization and protease resistance: new insight into the function of pr-1.the group 1 pathogenesis-related (pr-1) proteins have long been considered hallmarks of hypersensitive response/defense pathways in plants, but their biochemical functions are still obscure despite resolution of the nmr/x-ray structures of several pr-1-like proteins, including p14a (the prototype pr-1). we report here the characterization of two basic pr-1 proteins (pr-1-1 and pr-1-5) recently identified from hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). both proteins were expressed in pichia pastoris as ...201322921679
identification and characterization of the three homeologues of a new sucrose transporter in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).sucrose transporters (suts) play important roles in regulating the translocation of assimilates from source to sink tissues. identification and characterization of new suts in economically important crops such as wheat provide insights into their role in determining seed yield. to date, however, only one sut of wheat has been reported and functionally characterized. the present study reports the isolation and characterization of a new sut, designated as tasut2, and its homeologues (tasut2a, tasu ...201324237613
molecular characterization of tastop1 homoeologues and their response to aluminium and proton (h(+)) toxicity in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).aluminium (al) toxicity is considered to be one of the major constraints affecting crop productivity on acid soils. being a trait governed by multiple genes, the identification and characterization of novel transcription factors (tfs) regulating the expression of entire response networks is a very promising approach. therefore, the aim of the present study was to clone, localize, and characterize the tastop1 gene, which belongs to the zinc finger family (cys2his2 type) transcription factor, at m ...201324034075
novel natural allelic variations at the rht-1 loci in wheat.plant height is an important agronomic trait. dramatic increase in wheat yield during the "green revolution" is mainly due to the widespread utilization of the reduced height (rht)-1 gene. we analyzed the natural allelic variations of three homoeologous loci rht-a1, rht-b1, and rht-d1 in chinese wheat (triticum aestivum l.) micro-core collections and the rht-b1/d1 genotypes in over 1,500 bred cultivars and germplasms using a modified ecotilling. we identified six new rht-a1 allelic variations (r ...201323992198
the cyclophilin cyp20-2 modulates the conformation of brassinazole-resistant1, which binds the promoter of flowering locus d to regulate flowering in arabidopsis.brassinosteroids (brs) regulate many physiological processes during plant development, including flowering. however, little is known about the components of br signaling that mediate flowering. here, we report that brassinazole-resistant1 (bzr1), the conformation of which is altered by a cyclophilin (cyp20-2), binds cis-elements in the flowering locus d (fld) promoter to regulate flowering. both bzr1-1d and fld-4 showed delayed flowering. electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immuno ...201323897924
introducing a new breed of wine yeast: interspecific hybridisation between a commercial saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast and saccharomyces mikatae.interspecific hybrids are commonplace in agriculture and horticulture; bread wheat and grapefruit are but two examples. the benefits derived from interspecific hybridisation include the potential of generating advantageous transgressive phenotypes. this paper describes the generation of a new breed of wine yeast by interspecific hybridisation between a commercial saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast strain and saccharomyces mikatae, a species hitherto not associated with industrial fermentation e ...201323614011
a phosphate starvation response regulator ta-phr1 is involved in phosphate signalling and increases grain yield in wheat.phosphorus deficiency is a major limiting factor for crop yield worldwide. previous studies revealed that phr1 and it homologues play a key role in regulating the phosphate starvation response in plants. however, the function of phr homologues in common wheat (triticum aestivum) is still not fully understood. the aim of the study was to characterize the function of phr1 genes in regulating phosphate signalling and plant growth in wheat.201323589634
functional analyses of tahma2, a p(1b)-type atpase in wheat.currently, there are few studies concerning the function of heavy metal atpase 2 (hma2), particularly in monocotyledons, and the potential application of this protein in biofortification and phytoremediation. thus, we isolated and characterized the tahma2 gene from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). our results indicate that tahma2 is localized to the plasma membrane and stably expressed, except in the nodes, which showed relatively high expression. zinc/cadmium (zn/cd) resistance was observed in tah ...201323294838
skp1-like-related genes interact with various f-box proteins and may form scf complexes with cullin-f-box proteins in wheat.s-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (skp1), a core component of the skp1-cullin-f-box (scf) e3 ubiquitin ligase complex, functions as an adaptor protein, connecting cullin and f-box proteins. skp1 plays crucial roles in cell-cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, flower formation, signal transduction, and many other cellular processes. skp1-like genes have been largely unstudied in wheat. here, we isolated six wheat skp1-like (taskp) genes from common wheat (triticum aestivum) and analyz ...201323065282
lectin-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly(vinyldimethyl azlactone) surface scaffolds for high avidity microbial capture.microbial exopolysaccharides (eps) play a critical and dynamic role in shaping the interactions between microbial community members and their local environment. the capture of targeted microbes using surface immobilized lectins that recognize specific extracellular oligosaccharide moieties offers a nondestructive method for functional characterization of eps content. in this report, we evaluate the use of the block copolymer, poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-block-4,4-dimethyl-2-vinylazlactone (pgma- ...201324003861
lactoferrin-derived resistance against plant pathogens in transgenic plants.lactoferrin (lf) is a ubiquitous cationic iron-binding milk glycoprotein that contributes to nutrition and exerts a broad-spectrum primary defense against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses in mammals. these qualities make lactoferrin protein and its antimicrobial motifs highly desirable candidates to be incorporated in plants to impart broad-based resistance against plant pathogens or to economically produce them in bulk quantities for pharmaceutical and nutritional purposes. this study int ...201323889215
rye pm8 and wheat pm3 are orthologous genes and show evolutionary conservation of resistance function against powdery mildew.the improvement of wheat through breeding has relied strongly on the use of genetic material from related wild and domesticated grass species. the 1rs chromosome arm from rye was introgressed into wheat and crossed into many wheat lines, as it improves yield and fungal disease resistance. pm8 is a powdery mildew resistance gene on 1rs which, after widespread agricultural cultivation, is now widely overcome by adapted mildew races. here we show by homology-based cloning and subsequent physical an ...201324124925
genetic analysis and detection of the gene mllx99 on chromosome 2bl conferring resistance to powdery mildew in the wheat cultivar liangxing 99.the effectiveness of wheat cultivar liangxing 99 against powdery mildew was shown to be controlled by a single dominant gene located on a new locus of chromosome 2bl in the bin 2bl2-0.35-0.50. liangxing 99, one of the most widely grown commercial cultivars in the winter wheat (triticum aestivum) producing regions in northern china, was shown to provide a broad spectrum of resistance to blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt) isolates originating from that region. using an f2 population and f2:3 l ...201324061485
lipid metabolism is differentially modulated by salicylic acid and heptanoyl salicylic acid during the induction of resistance in wheat against powdery mildew.heptanoyl salicylic acid (hsa) is a salicylic acid (sa) derivative obtained by esterification of 2-oh benzoic acid with heptanoic acid. in wheat, the protection levels obtained against blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt) increased from 50% with sa to 95% with hsa. using molecular, biochemical and cytological approaches, we investigated here how wheat lipid metabolism is differentially activated by sa and hsa in both infectious and non-infectious conditions, and how bgt infectious process is a ...201323880093
the wheat powdery mildew genome shows the unique evolution of an obligate biotroph.wheat powdery mildew, blumeria graminis forma specialis tritici, is a devastating fungal pathogen with a poorly understood evolutionary history. here we report the draft genome sequence of wheat powdery mildew, the resequencing of three additional isolates from different geographic regions and comparative analyses with the barley powdery mildew genome. our comparative genomic analyses identified 602 candidate effector genes, with many showing evidence of positive selection. we characterize patte ...201323852167
molecular cytogenetic characterization of a new wheat-rye 4r chromosome translocation line resistant to powdery mildew.rye is an important and valuable gene resource for wheat improvement. however, due to extensive growing of cultivars with disease resistance genes from short arm of rye chromosome 1r and coevolution of pathogen virulence and host resistance, these cultivars successively lost resistance to pathogens. identification and deployment of new resistance gene sources in rye are, therefore, of especial importance and urgency. a new wheat-rye line, designated as wr41-1, was produced through distant hybrid ...201323836161
the gene sr33, an ortholog of barley mla genes, encodes resistance to wheat stem rust race ug99.wheat stem rust, caused by the fungus puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, afflicts bread wheat (triticum aestivum). new virulent races collectively referred to as "ug99" have emerged, which threaten global wheat production. the wheat gene sr33, introgressed from the wild relative aegilops tauschii into bread wheat, confers resistance to diverse stem rust races, including the ug99 race group. we cloned sr33, which encodes a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat protein. sr33 is ortho ...201323811228
identification of the gene pm47 on chromosome 7bs conferring resistance to powdery mildew in the chinese wheat landrace hongyanglazi.powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt), is an important disease that causes substantial yield losses in wheat (triticum aestivum) in china and other parts of the world. this foliar disease can be effectively managed by host resistance. the chinese landrace hongyanglazi from shaanxi province is highly resistant to many bgt isolates at the seedling stage. genetic analysis using an f2:3 population derived from a cross between hongyanglazi and susceptible cultivar zhongzuo ...201323429903
pmx: a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene at the pm4 locus identified in wheat landrace xiaohongpi.powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt), is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat and imposes a constant challenge on wheat breeders. xiaohongpi, a chinese landrace of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), shows resistance to powdery mildew during the entire growth stage in the field and under controlled conditions. the f1 plants from cross of the powdery mildew susceptible cultivar yangmai158 with xiaohongpi were susceptible to isolate bgt19, the locally most pre ...201323400828
lipids as markers of induced resistance in wheat: a biochemical and molecular approach.our work aimed at a global investigation of the lipid metabolism during the induction of resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) against powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici). more specifically, the effect of salicylic acid, known as playing a key role in the activation of defence reactions against pathogens in plants, has been investigated. after salicylic acid infiltration, accumulation of phosphatidic acid was observed that could be due to the phospholipase c pathway since an up-re ...201325151821
long non-coding genes implicated in response to stripe rust pathogen stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the non-protein-coding genes have been reported as a critical control role in the regulation of gene expression in abiotic stress. we previously identified four expressed sequence tags numbered s18 (el773024), s73 (el773035), s106 (el773041) and s108 (el773042) from a ssh-cdna library of bread wheat shaanmai 139 infected with puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst). here, we isolated four cdna clones and referred them as talncrna18, talncrna73, talncrna106 and talncrna108 (genbank: kc549675-kc ...201324065539
quantitative plant resistance in cultivar mixtures: wheat yellow rust as a modeling case study.unlike qualitative plant resistance, which confers immunity to disease, quantitative resistance confers only a reduction in disease severity and this can be nonspecific. consequently, the outcome of its deployment in cultivar mixtures is not easy to predict, as on the one hand it may reduce the heterogeneity of the mixture, but on the other it may induce competition between nonspecialized strains of the pathogen. to clarify the principles for the successful use of quantitative plant resistance i ...201323875842
enhanced resistance to stripe rust disease in transgenic wheat expressing the rice chitinase gene rc24.stripe rust is a devastating fungal disease of wheat worldwide which is primarily caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici. transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) expressing rice class chitinase gene rc24 were developed by particle bombardment of immature embryos and tested for resistance to puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici. under greenhouse and field conditions. putative transformants were selected on kanamycin-containing media. polymease chain reaction indicated that rc24 was transferred ...201323529204
taabc1, a member of abc1-like family involved in hypersensitive response against the stripe rust fungal pathogen in wheat.to search for genes involved in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) defense response to the infection of stripe rust pathogen puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), we identified and cloned a new wheat gene similar to the genes in the abc1-like gene family. the new gene, designated as taabc1, encodes a 717-amino acid, 80.35 kd protein. the taabc1 protein contains two conserved domains shared by abc1-like proteins, two trans-membrane domains at the c-terminal, and a 36-amino acid chloroplast targeti ...201323527058
isolation and characterization of a wheat if2 homolog required for innate immunity to stripe rust.the wheat eif2 homolog, taif2, is induced by the stripe rust pathogen cyr 32 at an early stage of inoculation and is related to the innate immunity resistance level in wheat. the initiation of translation represents a critical control point in the regulation of gene expression in all organisms. we previously identified an upregulated est s186 (el773056) from an ssh-cdna library of the shaanmai 139 strain of wheat (triticum aestivum) infected with puccinia striiformis (pst). in the present work, ...201323397275
molecular mapping of yr53, a new gene for stripe rust resistance in durum wheat accession pi 480148 and its transfer to common wheat.stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. it is essential to identify new genes for effective resistance against the disease. durum wheat pi 480148, originally from ethiopia, was resistant in all seedling tests with several predominant pst races in the us under controlled greenhouse conditions and at multiple locations subject to natural infection for several years. to map the resistance gene(s) and to transfer it t ...201323090143
durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) lines show different abilities to form masked mycotoxins under greenhouse conditions.deoxynivalenol (don) is the most prevalent trichothecene in europe and its occurrence is associated with infections of fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum, causal agents of fusarium head blight (fhb) on wheat. resistance to fhb is a complex character and high variability occurs in the relationship between don content and fhb incidence. don conjugation to glucose (don-3-glucoside, d3g) is the primary plant mechanism for resistance towards don accumulation. although this mechanism has been alread ...201324368326
quantitative trait loci-dependent analysis of a gene co-expression network associated with fusarium head blight resistance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe is one of the most prevalent diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and other small grain cereals. resistance against the fungus is quantitative and more than 100 quantitative trait loci (qtl) have been described. two well-validated and highly reproducible qtl, fhb1 and qfhs.ifa-5a have been widely investigated, but to date the underlying genes have not been identified.201324152241
fusarium damage in cereal grains from western canada. 1. phylogenetic analysis of moniliformin-producing fusarium species and their natural occurrence in mycotoxin-contaminated wheat, oats, and rye.harvest samples of common wheat (triticum aestivum), oats (avena sativa), and rye (secale cereale) from producers in western canada were analyzed for fungal infection by toxigenic fusarium species and contamination by trichothecenes and moniliformin (mon). fusarium graminearum and f. avenaceum were the two most frequently isolated species from samples of rye and wheat collected in 2010. f. poae and f. sporotrichioides were more commonly detected in randomly selected oat seeds. other toxigenic fu ...201323683177
molecular and phenotypic characterization of seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance in a world wheat collection.genetic resistance is the most effective approach to managing wheat leaf rust. the aim of this study was to characterize seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance of a world wheat collection. using controlled inoculation with ten races of puccinia triticina, 14 seedling resistance genes were determined or postulated to be present in the collection. lr1, lr3, lr10 and lr20 were the most prevalent genes around the world while lr9, lr14b, lr3ka and/or lr30 and lr26 were rare. to confirm some ge ...201324078786
identification and mapping in spring wheat of genetic factors controlling stem rust resistance and the study of their epistatic interactions across multiple environments.stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) is responsible for major production losses in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) around the world. the spread of stem rust race ug99 and variants is a threat to worldwide wheat production and efforts are ongoing to identify and incorporate resistance. the objectives of this research were to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) and to study their epistatic interactions for stem rust resistance in a population derived from the canadian wheat culti ...201323649649
simultaneous transfer, introgression, and genomic localization of genes for resistance to stem rust race ttksk (ug99) from aegilops tauschii to wheat.wheat production is currently threatened by widely virulent races of the wheat stem rust fungus, puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, that are part of the ttksk (also known as 'ug99') race group. the diploid d genome donor species aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14, dd) is a readily accessible source of resistance to ttksk and its derivatives that can be transferred to hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd). to expedite transfer of ttksk resistance from ae. tauschii, a direct hybrid ...201323377571
development and characterization of a compensating wheat-thinopyrum intermedium robertsonian translocation with sr44 resistance to stem rust (ug99).the emergence of the highly virulent ug99 race complex of the stem rust fungus (puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici eriks. and henn.) threatens wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production worldwide. one of the effective genes against the ug99 race complex is sr44, which was derived from thinopyrum intermedium (host) barkworth and d.r. dewey and mapped to the short arm of 7j (designated 7j#1s) present in the noncompensating t7ds-7j#1l∙7j#1s translocation. noncompensating wheat-alien translocations ...201323358862
expression of a potato antimicrobial peptide sn1 increases resistance to take-all pathogen gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in transgenic wheat.take-all, caused by soil-borne fungus gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt), is a devastating root disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. breeding resistant wheat cultivars is the most promising and reliable approach to protect wheat from take-all. currently, no resistant wheat germplasm is available to breed cultivars using traditional methods. in this study, gene transformation was carried out using snakin-1 (sn1) gene isolated from potato (solanum tuberosum) because the peptide ...201323839728
transgenic wheat expressing thinopyrum intermedium myb transcription factor timyb2r-1 shows enhanced resistance to the take-all disease.the disease take-all, caused by the fungus gaeumannomyces graminis, is one of the most destructive root diseases of wheat worldwide. breeding resistant cultivars is an effective way to protect wheat from take-all. however, little progress has been made in improving the disease resistance level in commercial wheat cultivars. myb transcription factors play important roles in plant responses to environmental stresses. in this study, an r2r3-myb gene in thinopyrum intermedium, timyb2r-1, was cloned ...201323547108
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