Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| compositional equivalence of insect-protected glyphosate-tolerant soybean mon 87701 × mon 89788 to conventional soybean extends across different world regions and multiple growing seasons. | the soybean product mon 87701 × mon 89788 expresses both the cry1ac gene derived from bacillus thuringiensis and the cp4 epsps (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene derived from agrobacterium sp. strain cp4. each biotechnology-derived trait confers specific benefits of insect resistance and glyphosate tolerance, respectively. the purpose of this study was to compare the composition of seed and forage from this combined-trait product to those of conventional soybean grown in geog ... | 2011 | 21985102 |
| [characterization of bacillus thuringiensis sigk disruption mutant and its influence on activation of cry3a promoter]. | to construct and characterize a sigk gene disruption mutant of bacillus thuringiensis and to study influence of sigk gene disruption on the activation of cry3a gene promoter. | 2011 | 22126072 |
| Compatibility of garlic (Allium sativum L.) leaf agglutinin and Cry1Ac d-endotoxin for gene pyramiding. | d-Endotoxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been used as bio-pesticides for the control of lepidopteran insect pests. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) leaf agglutinin (ASAL), being toxic to several sap-sucking pests and some lepidopteran pests, may be a good candidate for pyramiding with d-endotoxins in transgenic plants for enhancing the range of resistance to insect pests. Since ASAL shares the midgut receptors with Cry1Ac in Helicoverpa armigera, there is possibility of antagonism in ... | 2011 | 21870043 |
| use of mixed cultures of biocontrol agents to control sheep nematodes. | biological control is a promising non-chemical approach for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. use of combinations of biocontrol agents have been reported to be an effective method to increase the efficacy of biological control effects. in this study, combinations of either two bacillus thuringiensis (bt) or clonostachys rosea (c. rosea) isolates and bt+c. rosea isolates were evaluated in vitro in microtitre plates for their biocontrol activity on sheep nematodes. the baermann t ... | 2011 | 21962967 |
| Early warning of cotton bollworm resistance associated with intensive planting of Bt cotton in China. | Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins kill some key insect pests, but evolution of resistance by pests can reduce their efficacy. The predominant strategy for delaying pest resistance to Bt crops requires refuges of non-Bt host plants to promote survival of susceptible pests. To delay pest resistance to transgenic cotton producing Bt toxin Cry1Ac, farmers in the United States and Australia planted refuges of non-Bt cotton, while farmers in China have relied on "natural" r ... | 2011 | 21857961 |
| Antibacterial activity of different degree of hydrolysis of palm kernel expeller peptides against spore-forming and non-spore-forming bacteria. | The goal of this study was to determine inhibitory effect of palm kernel expeller (PKE) peptides of different degree of hydrolysis (DH %) against spore-forming bacteria Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus stearothermophillus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Clostridium perfringens; and non-spore-forming bacteria Escherichia coli, Lisinibacillus sphaericus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas a ... | 2011 | 21848644 |
| Insect tolerance to the crystal toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab is mediated by the binding of monomeric toxin to lipophorin glycolipids causing oligomerization and sequestration reactions. | Endotoxins from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis are used worldwide to control insect pests and vectors of diseases. Despite extensive use of the toxins as sprays and in transgenic crops, their mode of action is still not completely known. Here we show that two crystal toxins binding to different glycoprotein receptors have similar glycolipid binding properties. The glycolipid binding domain was identified in a recombinant peptide representing the domain II of the crystal toxin Cry1Ac ( ... | 2011 | 21925538 |
| Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates from Cuba, with insecticidal activity against mosquitoes. | Chemical insecticides may be toxic and cause environmental degradation. Consequently, biological control for insects represents an alternative with low ecological impact. In this work, three soil isolates (A21, A51 and C17) from different regions of the Cuban archipelago were identified, characterized and evaluated against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The new isolates were compared with reference IPS82 strain and two strains isolated from biolarvicides Bactivec and Bactoculicida, re ... | 2011 | 22017108 |
| Nanoscale imaging of Bacillus thuringiensis flagella using atomic force microscopy. | Because bacterial flagella play essential roles in various processes (motility, adhesion, host interactions, secretion), studying their expression in relation to function is an important challenge. Here, we use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to gain insight into the nanoscale surface properties of two wild-type and four mutant strains of Bacillus thuringiensis exhibiting various levels of flagellation. We show that, unlike AFM in liquid, AFM in air is a simple and reliable approach to observe the ... | 2011 | 22159046 |
| [Coordinative compounds of zinc with N-substituted thiocarbamoil-N'-pentamethylensulfenamides--activity modifiers of enzymes of proteolytic and glycolytic action]. | The influence of a number of coordinative compounds of zinc with N-substituted thiocarbamoil-N'-pentamethylensulfenamides on activity of elastase, alpha-L-rhamnosidase and alpha-galactosidases evidence for a possibility of their usage as stimulators or inhibitors of enzymes tested have been studied. It was shown that all the compounds in concentration of 0.1 and 0.01% inhibited by 90-100% Bacillus thuringiensis 27-88Els+ elastase activity. [Zn(L2)Br2], [Zn(L1)(NCS)2] and [Zn(L3)(NCS)2] at 20 h e ... | 2011 | 21888052 |
| [Effects of Bt corn straw insecticidal proteins on enzyme activities of Eisenia fetida]. | Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins released from Bt corn can enter soil ecosystem via returning straw into field, root exudation, and pollen fluttering-down. In this study, the straws of Bt corn and its near-isogenic non-Bt line were added into soil with an application rate of 5% and 7.5% to breed Eisenia fetida, and the total protein content and the activities of acetylcholine esterase (AchE), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in E. fetida were de ... | 2011 | 22097378 |
| Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin increases the susceptibility of Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata to Beauveria bassiana infection. | The spotted asparagus beetle, Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is one of the most devastating pests of asparagus in China. Sprayed synthetic pesticides have been used to control C. quatuordecimpunctata damage, but they pose problems because of residues and harm to natural enemies. Neither the microbial coleopteran-specific toxin from Bacillus thuringiensistenebrionis, Cry3Aa, nor the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana have sufficient activity to effectively control C. ... | 2011 | 22200644 |
| [obtaining of water soluble microbial melanin and study of its some properties]. | the effective sorption method for melanin isolation and purification from fermentation solutions of bacillus thuringiensis serovar galleriae k1 has been elaborated, the principle process flowsheet is presented. the identification of obtained pigment with the samples of natural and synthetic melanin was done by ir-spectroscopy, and the intensity ratio of optical absorption at 650 and 500 nm allows to refer the isolated melanin to eumelanin class. by thermal treatment it was determined, that melan ... | 2011 | 22232896 |
| antimicrobial potential of egg yolk ovoinhibitor, a multidomain kazal-like inhibitor of chicken egg. | chicken egg ovoinhibitor is a multidomain kazal-type serine protease inhibitor with unknown function. comparison of expression between different tissues indicated that ovoinhibitor is highly expressed in the magnum and liver followed by the uterus, which secrete egg white, egg yolk, and eggshell precursors, respectively. the results also revealed that ovoinhibitor expression is increased in the liver during sexual maturation followed by a subsequent decrease in mature hens. ovoinhibitor was puri ... | 2011 | 22010862 |
| Genetically modified crops and aquatic ecosystems: considerations for environmental risk assessment and non-target organism testing. | Environmental risk assessments (ERA) support regulatory decisions for the commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops. The ERA for terrestrial agroecosystems is well-developed, whereas guidance for ERA of GM crops in aquatic ecosystems is not as well-defined. The purpose of this document is to demonstrate how comprehensive problem formulation can be used to develop a conceptual model and to identify potential exposure pathways, using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize as a case stud ... | 2011 | 22120952 |
| Construction of Gene Library of 20 kb DNAs from Parasporal Crystal in Bacillus thuringiensis Strain 4.0718: Phylogenetic Analysis and Molecular Docking. | The 20 kb DNAs are associated with crystals in many subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis. We isolated 20 kb DNAs from crystals of B. thuringiensis strain 4.0718, then constructed a gene library using DNA fragments of Sau3AI partial digestion and pbluescriptIISK(+) vector. We screened out 440 recombinants, yielding a genomic coverage of ten and including 99% sequence of DNA which achieved the required theoretical value to construct the gene library. Through NCBI Blast and homology analysis, the s ... | 2011 | 22038038 |
| stability, oviposition attraction, and larvicidal activity of binary toxin from bacillus sphaericus expressed in escherichia coli. | bacillus sphaericus produces a two-chain binary toxin composed of bina (42 kda) and binb (51 kda), which are deposited as parasporal crystals during sporulation. the toxin is highly active against culex larvae and aedes and anopheles mosquitoes, which are the principal vectors for the transmission of malaria, yellow fever, encephalitis, and dengue. the use of b. sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis in mosquito control programs is limited by their sedimentation in still water. in this study, the ... | 2011 | 22202967 |
| Identification of a novel aminopeptidase P-like gene (OnAPP) possibly involved in Bt toxicity and resistance in a major corn pest (Ostrinia nubilalis). | Studies to understand the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) resistance mechanism in European corn borer (ECB, Ostrinia nubilalis) suggest that resistance may be due to changes in the midgut-specific Bt toxin receptor. In this study, we identified 10 aminopeptidase-like genes, which have previously been identified as putative Bt toxin receptors in other insects and examined their expression in relation to Cry1Ab toxicity and resistance. Expression analysis for the 10 aminopeptidase-like genes revealed ... | 2011 | 21887358 |
| Resistance performances of transgenic bt rice lines T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). | The transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice, Oryza sativa L., lines T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 expressing Cry2A* and Cry1C* from 'Minhui 63' (MH63) were evaluated for resistance to newly hatched and third-instar larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), by using detached leaf laboratory bioassays. Both T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 rice showed high C. medinalis resistance; however, the lethal time (LT)50 of larvae fed with T(2A)-1 rice was significantly longer than that of larvae fed with T1 ... | 2011 | 22066204 |
| improving cry8ka toxin activity towards the cotton boll weevil (anthonomus grandis). | the cotton boll weevil (anthonomus grandis) is a serious insect-pest in the americas, particularly in brazil. the use of chemical or biological insect control is not effective against the cotton boll weevil because of its endophytic life style. therefore, the use of biotechnological tools to produce insect-resistant transgenic plants represents an important strategy to reduce the damage to cotton plants caused by the boll weevil. the present study focuses on the identification of novel molecules ... | 2011 | 21906288 |
| Phage-borne factors and host LexA regulate the lytic switch in phage GIL01. | The Bacillus thuringiensis temperate phage GIL01 does not integrate into the host chromosome but exists stably as an independent linear replicon within the cell. Similar to that of the lambdoid prophages, the lytic cycle of GIL01 is induced as part of the cellular SOS response to DNA damage. However, no CI-like maintenance repressor has been detected in the phage genome, suggesting that GIL01 uses a novel mechanism to maintain lysogeny. To gain insights into the GIL01 regulatory circuit, we isol ... | 2011 | 21890699 |
| Molecular characterization of a novel vegetative insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis effective against sap-sucking insect pest. | Several isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were screened for the vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip) effective against sap-sucking insect pests. Screening results were based on LC(50) values against cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), one of the dangerous pests of various crop plants including cotton. Among the isolates, the Bt#BREF24 showed promising results, and upon purification the aphidicidal protein was recognized as a binary toxin. One of the components of this binary toxin was identifi ... | 2011 | 21952370 |
| [Cloning of a large plasmid pBMB28 in Bacillus thuringiensis]. | Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. finitimus strain YBT-020 is a typical strain with the spore-crystal association (SCA) phenotype. In our previous studies, plasmid curing experiment suggested that native plasmid pBMB28 of strain YBT-020 might contribute to the SCA phenotype. Thus, plasmid pBMB28 was cloned in order to isolate the genes related to SCA on pBMB28. Using shuttle vector pEMB0557, a shuttle genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of B. thuringiensis strain YBT-020 was cons ... | 2011 | 21993289 |
| evaluation of dna extraction methods for bacillus anthracis spores spiked to food and feed matrices at biosafety level 3 conditions. | the dna extraction efficiency from milk, whey, soy, corn gluten meal, wheat powders and heat-treated corn grain that were spiked with bacillus anthracis and bacillus thuringiensis spores was determined. two steps were critical: lysis of the spores and binding of the free dna to the dna binding magnetic beads in the presence of the interfering powders. for the guanidine-thiocyanate based nuclisens lysis buffer from biomerieux we found that between 15 and 30% of the spores survived the lysis step. ... | 2011 | 21864928 |
| the 20-kda chaperone-like protein of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis enhances yield, crystal size and solubility of cry3a. | aims: to determine whether the 20-kda chaperone-like protein of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis enhances synthesis, crystallization and solubility of the cry3a coleopteran toxin and whether the crystalline inclusions produced are toxic to neonates of the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata. methods and results: the cry3a gene was expressed in the 4q7 strain of b. thuringiensis ssp. israelensis in the absence or presence of the 20-kda gene. the 20-kda protein enhanced cry3 ... | 2011 | 22085291 |
| transport of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki via fomites. | the intentional and controlled release of an aerosolized bacterium provides an opportunity to investigate the implications of a biological attack. since 2006, los alamos national laboratory has worked with several urban areas, including fairfax county, va, to design experiments to evaluate biodefense concepts of operations using routine spraying of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (btk). btk is dispersed in large quantities as a slurry to control the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar. understandi ... | 2011 | 21882970 |
| Scanning surface potential microscopy of spore adhesion on surfaces. | The adhesion of spores of Bacillus anthracis - the cause of anthrax and a likely biological threat - to solid surfaces is an important consideration in cleanup after an accidental or deliberate release. However, because of safety concerns, directly studying B. anthracis spores with advanced instrumentation is problematic. As a first step, we are examining the electrostatic potential of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which is a closely related species that is often used as a simulant to study B. an ... | 2011 | 22196463 |
| synergistic activity between bacillus thuringiensis cry6aa and cry55aa toxins against meloidogyne incognita. | plant-parasitic nematodes are the most destructive group of plant pathogens worldwide and are extremely challenging to control. some bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins are highly toxic to the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita. in this study, the nematicidal crystal proteins cry6aa, cry5ba and cry55aa were tested against m. incognita to select the best toxin combination for its management. the results showed that a combination of cry6aa and cry55aa showed significant synergistic ... | 2011 | 21923640 |
| Protist-type lysozymes of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contribute to resistance against pathogenic Bacillus thuringiensis. | Pathogens represent a universal threat to other living organisms. Most organisms express antimicrobial proteins and peptides, such as lysozymes, as a protection against these challenges. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans harbours 15 phylogenetically diverse lysozyme genes, belonging to two distinct types, the protist- or Entamoeba-type (lys genes) and the invertebrate-type (ilys genes) lysozymes. In the present study we characterized the role of several protist-type lysozyme genes in defence a ... | 2011 | 21931778 |
| The impact of the Bacillus subtilis SPB1 biosurfactant on the midgut histology of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and determination of its putative receptor. | SPB1 is a Bacillus subtilis strain producing a lipopeptide biosurfactant. The insecticidal activity of this biosurfactant was evaluated against the Egyptian cotton leaf worm (Spodoptera littoralis). It displayed toxicity with an LC(50) of 251ng/cm(2). The histopathological changes occurred in the larval midgut of S. littoralis treated with B. subtilis SPB1 biosurfactant were vesicle formation in the apical region, cellular vacuolization and destruction of epithelial cells and their boundaries. L ... | 2011 | 22079884 |
| persistence of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in urban environments following spraying. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki is applied extensively in north america to control the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar. since b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki shares many physical and biological properties with bacillus anthracis, it is a reasonable surrogate for biodefense studies. a key question in biodefense is how long a biothreat agent will persist in the environment. there is some information in the literature on the persistence of bacillus anthracis in laboratories and historical test ... | 2011 | 21926205 |
| Regulatory considerations surrounding the deployment Of Bt-expressing cowpea In Africa: Report of the deliberations of an expert panel. | Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata spp. unguiculata) is adapted to the drier agro-ecological zones of West Africa where it is a major source of dietary protein and widely used as a fodder crop. Improving the productivity of cowpea can enhance food availability and security in West Africa. Insect predation - predominately from the legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata), flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) and a complex of pod-sucking bugs (e.g., Clavigralla spp.) - is a major yield-limiting factor in West ... | 2011 | 22179194 |
| suppressing erwinia carotovora pathogenicity by projecting n-acyl homoserine lactonase onto the surface of pseudomonas putida cells. | n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) serve as the vital quorum-sensing signals that regulate the virulence of the pathogenic bacterium erwinia carotovora. in the present study, an approach to efficiently restrain the pathogenicity of e. carotovora-induced soft rot disease is described. bacillus thuringiensis-derived n-acyl homoserine lactonase (aiia) was projected onto the surface of pseudomonas putida cells, and inoculation with both strains was challenged. the previously identified n-terminal moi ... | 2011 | 22210621 |
| Plasmid patterns of efficient and inefficient strains of Bacillus thuringiensis against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). | Bacillus thuringiensis harbors genes encoding Cry proteins found in chromosomes or plasmids of different sizes (4-150 Mb). Although the smaller plasmids are more abundant in B. thuringiensis, their specific function is unknown. As for the megaplasmids, their main recognized function is to harbor cry genes, although the sequencing of some of these plasmids indicates the occurrence of other important genes. This work used a new protocol for practical and rapid extraction of plasmid DNA in order to ... | 2011 | 22068947 |
| a 54-kda protein encoded by pbtoxis is required for parasporal body structural integrity in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | strains of bacillus thuringiensis such as b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (onr-60a) and b. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni (pg-14) pathogenic for mosquito larvae produce a complex parasporal body consisting of several protein endotoxins synthesized during sporulation that form an aggregate of crystalline inclusions bound together by a multilamellar fibrous matrix. most studies of these strains focus on the molecular biology of the endotoxins, and although it is known that parasporal body stru ... | 2011 | 22210770 |
| surface architecture of endospores of the bacillus cereus/anthracis/thuringiensis family at the subnanometer scale. | bacteria of the bacillus cereus family form highly resistant spores, which in the case of the pathogen b. anthracis act as the agents of infection. the outermost layer, the exosporium, enveloping spores of the b. cereus family as well as a number of clostridia, plays roles in spore adhesion, dissemination, targeting, and germination control. we have analyzed two naturally crystalline layers associated with the exosporium, one representing the "basal" layer to which the outermost spore layer ("ha ... | 2011 | 21896762 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry2ab is active on anopheles mosquitoes: single d block exchanges reveal critical residues involved in activity. | cry2aa exhibits dual activity to lepidoptera and diptera. cry2ab differs in amino acid sequence from cry2aa by 13% and has shown significant lepidopteran activity, but no mosquitocidal activity. previous studies implicate 23 cry2aa specificity-conferring residues of domain ii, which differ in cry2ab. nine residues are putatively involved in conferring cry2aa dipteran specificity. to explore cry2ab dipteran toxicity, site-directed mutagenesis was employed to exchange cry2ab residues with cry2aa d ... | 2011 | 22092857 |
| mortality impact of bt transgenic maize roots expressing ecry3.1ab, mcry3a, and ecry3.1ab plus mcry3a on western corn rootworm larvae in the field. | mortality of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, larvae due to feeding on maize, zea mays l., expressing bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) was evaluated in five missouri sites in 2007, 2008, and 2009. specifically, ecry3.1ab (5307), mcry3a (mir604), and ecry3.1ab plus mcry3a proteins relative to survivorship on maize with the same genetic background without these genes (isoline maize) was evaluated. an average of 890.8 +/- 152.3 beetles emerged from isoline plot ... | 2011 | 22066188 |
| cyt1aa toxin: crystal structure reveals implications for its membrane-perforating function. | during sporulation, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produces a mosquito larvicidal protein complex containing several crystalline and cytolytic (cyt) toxins. here, the activated monomeric form of cyt1aa, the most toxic cyt family member, was isolated and crystallized, and its structure was determined for the first time at 2.2 å resolution. cyt1aa adopts a typical cytolysin fold containing a β-sheet held by two surrounding α-helical layers. the absence of a β-strand (between residues v2 ... | 2011 | 21959261 |
| activity, specificity and structure of i-bth0305i: a representative of a new homing endonuclease family. | novel family of putative homing endonuclease genes was recently discovered during analyses of metagenomic and genomic sequence data. one such protein is encoded within a group i intron that resides in the reca gene of the bacillus thuringiensis 03058-36 bacteriophage. named i-bth0305i, the endonuclease cleaves a dna target in the uninterrupted reca gene at a position immediately adjacent to the intron insertion site. the enzyme displays a multidomain, homodimeric architecture and footprints a dn ... | 2011 | 21890897 |
| characterization of bacillus thuringiensis isolates with potential for control of aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) (diptera: culicidae). | aedes aegypti (linnaeus) is the vector of dengue virus in brazil. bioinsecticides based on bacillus thuringiensis have shown satisfactory results in the control of diptera, due to the production of proteins called cry and cyt. the aim of the present study was to select b. thuringiensis isolates carrying the cry and cyt genes, which are efficient in the control of ae. aegypti. a collection of 27 isolates of b. thuringiensis, derived from various regions in brazil, was evaluated using selective bi ... | 2011 | 22178674 |
| monalysin, a novel ß-pore-forming toxin from the drosophila pathogen pseudomonas entomophila, contributes to host intestinal damage and lethality. | pseudomonas entomophila is an entomopathogenic bacterium that infects and kills drosophila. p. entomophila pathogenicity is linked to its ability to cause irreversible damages to the drosophila gut, preventing epithelium renewal and repair. here we report the identification of a novel pore-forming toxin (pft), monalysin, which contributes to the virulence of p. entomophila against drosophila. our data show that monalysin requires n-terminal cleavage to become fully active, forms oligomers in vit ... | 2011 | 21980286 |
| shifting paradigm on bacillus thuringiensis toxin and a natural model for enterococcus faecalis septicemia. | the bt toxin is widely used in agriculture both as a spray and in transgenic plants, yet its precise mode of action against lepidopterans is poorly understood. the study by mason et al. [mbio 2(3):e00065-11, 2011] revealed that bt toxin enables an inhabitant of the midgut, enterococcus faecalis, to enter the hemolymph of larvae and cause septicemia, leading to death. | 2011 | 21846827 |
| comparative proteomic analysis revealed metabolic changes and the translational regulation of cry protein synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis. | b. thuringiensis strain ybt-1520 is highly toxic to some lepidopteran pests and is used to control pests in southern part of china. the aim of this work is to uncover the metabolic changes associated with the icp synthesis. a comparative proteomic analysis on the strain was performed with 2-de and maldi-tof-ms methods with the bacterial culture grown in a modified defined minimal medium. transcriptional expression of some key enzymes for carbohydrate metabolism was also investigated with qpcr. s ... | 2011 | 22119885 |
| aedes aegypti membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase expressed in escherichia coli retains high-affinity binding for bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin. | glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked alkaline phosphatase (gpi-alp) from the epithelial membrane of the larval midgut of aedes aegypti was previously identified as a functional receptor of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin. here, heterologous expression in escherichia coli of the cloned alp, lacking the secretion signal and gpi attachment sequences, and assessment of its binding characteristics were further investigated. the 54-kda his tag-fused alp overexpressed as an inclusion body was so ... | 2011 | 21856837 |
| bacillus manliponensis sp. nov., a new member of the bacillus cereus group isolated from foreshore tidal flat sediment. | a gram-positive, endospore-forming, new bacillus species, strain bl4-6(t), was isolated from tidal flat sediment of the yellow sea. strain bl4-6(t) is a straight rod, with motility by peritrichate flagella. the cell wall contains meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the major respiratory quinone is menaquinone-7. the major fatty acids are iso-c(15:0) and summed feature 3 (containing c(16:1) ω7c/iso-c(15:0) 2oh, and/or iso-c(15:0) 2oh/c(16:1) ω7c). cells are catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. the g ... | 2011 | 22203569 |
| a quantitative immunopolymerase chain reaction method for detection of vegetative insecticidal protein in genetically modified crops. | vegetative insecticidal protein (vip) is being employed for transgenic expression in selected crops such as cotton, brinjal, and corn. for regulatory compliance, there is a need for a sensitive and reliable detection method, which can distinguish between approved and nonapproved genetically modified (gm) events and quantify gm contents as well. a quantitative immunopolymerase chain reaction (ipcr) method has been developed for the detection and quantification of vip protein in gm crops. the deve ... | 2011 | 21899299 |
| cross-pollination of nontransgenic corn ears with transgenic bt corn: efficacy against lepidopteran pests and implications for resistance management. | the efficacy of nontransgenic sweet corn, zea mays l., hybrids cross-pollinated by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) sweet corn hybrids expressing cry1ab toxin was evaluated in both field and laboratory studies in minnesota in 2000. non-bt and bt hybrids (maternal plants) were cross-pollinated with pollen from both non-bt and bt hybrids (paternal plants) to create four crosses. subsequent crosses were evaluated for efficacy in the field against european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), and cor ... | 2011 | 22066174 |
| activation of the caenorhabditis elegans foxo family transcription factor daf-16 by pathogenic bacillus thuringiensis. | the foxo family of transcription factors have recently been implicated in innate immunity, especially in case of daf-16 from the nematode caenorhabditis elegans. however, previous studies with this nematode proposed that daf-16 is not directly activated by pathogens. rather, daf-16 mediates resistance if activated by some other cue as part of a general stress response. we specifically tested this notion by analysis of daf-16 nuclear translocation and thus regulatory activity upon exposure to pat ... | 2011 | 21945834 |
| Recombinant Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus containing Cry1Ac gene codes for 130-kDa toxin protein. | Recombinant Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus containing Cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki borne on pKT230, shuttle vector, was generated. PCR amplification of Cry1Ac gene present in recombinant G. diazotrophicus yielded a 278-bp DNA product. The nitrogenase assay has revealed that the recombinant G. diazotrophicus in sugarcane stem produced similar levels of nitrogenase compared to wild-type G. diazotrophicus. The presence of 130-kDa protein in apoplastic fluid from sugarcane ... | 2011 | 21934327 |
| down regulation of a gene for cadherin, but not alkaline phosphatase, associated with cry1ab resistance in the sugarcane borer diatraea saccharalis. | the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis, is a major target pest of transgenic corn expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins (i.e., cry1ab) in south america and the mid-southern region of the united states. evolution of insecticide resistance in such target pests is a major threat to the durability of transgenic bt crops. understanding the pests' resistance mechanisms will facilitate development of effective strategies for delaying or countering resistance. alterations in expression of c ... | 2011 | 21991350 |
| the potential of the novel mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis strain llp29 for use in practice. | 2011 | 22129420 | |
| Increased responsiveness in feeding behaviour of Caenorhabditis elegans after experimental coevolution with its microparasite Bacillus thuringiensis. | Immune responses, either constitutive or induced, are costly. An alternative defence strategy may be based on behavioural responses. For example, avoidance behaviour reduces contact with pathogens and thus the risk of infection as well as the requirement of immune system activation. Similarly, if pathogens are taken up orally, preferential feeding of pathogen-free food may be advantageous. Behavioural defences have been found in many animals, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We her ... | 2011 | 21880622 |
| characterization of a new highly mosquitocidal isolate of bacillusthuringiensis - an alternative to bti? | the mosquito is a very important vector involved in the worldwide transmission of disease-causing viruses and parasites. controlling the mosquito population remains one of the best means for preventing the serious infectious diseases of malaria, yellow fever, dengue, filariasis and so on and there has been an increasing interest in developing biopesticides as a useful substitute to chemical insecticides. as a result, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) has been extensively used due t ... | 2011 | 22137876 |
| efficacy of genetically modified bt toxins against insects with different genetic mechanisms of resistance. | transgenic crops that produce bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins are grown widely for pest control, but insect adaptation can reduce their efficacy. the genetically modified bt toxins cry1abmod and cry1acmod were designed to counter insect resistance to native bt toxins cry1ab and cry1ac. previous results suggested that the modified toxins would be effective only if resistance was linked with mutations in genes encoding toxin-binding cadherin proteins. here we report evidence from five major cro ... | 2011 | 21983521 |
| Factors influencing the seasonal abundance of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and the control strategy of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever in Thanlyin Township, Yangon City, Myanmar. | From June 2006 to May 2007, mosquito surveys were conducted in Thanlyin Township, Yangon City, Myanmar, to determine factors influencing the abundance of Aedes aegypti (Stegomyia aegypti) during the rainy season. Both the biological and environmental factors were included in this study. Increase in the hatchability of egg, larval survival rate, the shortened larval life-span and increased pupation rates supplemented by rainfall (i.e. continuous flooding of the containers, stimulate the ... | 2011 | 22041749 |
| an improved system for the surface immobilisation of proteins on bacillus thuringiensis vegetative cells and spores through a new spore cortex-lytic enzyme anchor. | an improved surface-immobilisation system was engineered to target heterologous proteins onto vegetative cells and spores of bacillus thuringiensis plasmid-free recipient strain bmb171. the sporulation-dependent spore cortex-lytic enzyme from b. thuringiensis ybt-1520, scea, was expressed in vegetative cells and used as the surface anchoring motif. green fluorescent protein (gfp) and a bacillus endo-β-1,3-1,4-glucanase (bgls) were used as the fusion partners to test the binding efficiency and th ... | 2011 | 21968393 |
| Single cysteine substitution in Bacillus thuringiensis Cry7Ba1 improves the crystal solubility and produces toxicity to Plutella xylostella larvae. | Many Bacillus thuringiensis isolates have no demonstrated toxicity against insects. In this study, a novel holotype crystal protein gene cry7Ba1 was isolated from a 'non-insecticidal'B. thuringiensis strain YBT-978. The Cry7Ba1 protein showed high toxicity against Plutella xylostella larvae after the crystals were dissolved at pH 12.5, suggesting that the 'non-insecticidal' properties of this protein were due to insolubility in the normal insect midgut pH environment. After the C-terminal half o ... | 2011 | 21895913 |
| Diagnostic properties of three conventional selective plating media for selection of Bacillus cereus, B. thuringiensis and B. weihenstephanensis. | The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic properties of the two selective plating media and a chromogenic medium for identification of Bacillus cereus. The 324 isolates were B. cereus (37%), Bacillus weihenstephanensis (45%) or Bacillus thuringiensis (18%), as identified by a new combination of techniques. All isolates were growing on mannitol-egg yolk-polymyxin agar (MYP), and they did not form acid from mannitol. However, a significant lower number of B. thuringiensis isolates did not ... | 2011 | 22083787 |
| The presence of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein in earthworms Eisenia fetida has no deleterious effects on their growth and reproduction. | Earthworms Eisenia fetida, bred in substances with stover of two genetically-engineered Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corns (5422Bt1 (Event Bt11) and 5422CBCL (MON810)) expressing Cry1Ab and their near-isogenic non-Bt corn (5422), were used to investigate the non-target effects of Bt corn on soil-dwelling organisms. Cry1Ab concentrations in substances, casts and guts of E. fetida were also investigated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). More than 90% individuals of E. fetida survived ov ... | 2011 | 21955355 |
| fumonisin b1 toxicity in grower-finisher pigs: a comparative analysis of genetically engineered bt corn and non-bt corn by using quantitative dietary exposure assessment modeling. | in this study, we investigate the long-term exposure (20 weeks) to fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) in grower-finisher pigs by conducting a quantitative exposure assessment (qea). our analytical approach involved both deterministic and semi-stochastic modeling for dietary comparative analyses of fb(1) exposures originating from genetically engineered bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-corn, conventional non-bt corn and distiller's dried grains with solubles (ddgs) derived from bt and/or non-bt corn. results from ... | 2011 | 21909298 |
| Ctriporin, a new anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus peptide from the venom of the scorpion Chaerilus tricostatus. | Antibiotic-resistant microbes, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, seriously threaten human health. The outbreak of "superbugs" in recent years emphasizes once again the need for the development of new antimicrobial agents or resources. Antimicrobial peptides have an evident bactericidal effect against multidrug-resistant pathogens. In the present study, a new antimicrobial peptide, ctriporin, was cloned and characterized from the venom of the scorpion Chaerilus tricostatus, an ... | 2011 | 21876042 |
| a pangenomic study of bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis (b. thuringiensis) is a soil-dwelling gram-positive bacterium and its plasmid-encoded toxins (cry) are commonly used as biological alternatives to pesticides. in a pangenomic study, we sequenced seven b. thuringiensis isolates in both high coverage and base-quality using the next-generation sequencing platform. the b. thuringiensis pangenome was extrapolated to have 4196 core genes and an asymptotic value of 558 unique genes when a new genome is added. compared to the pang ... | 2011 | 22196399 |
| RNA interference of an antimicrobial peptide, gloverin, of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, enhances susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis. | Gloverin is known to be an inducible antimicrobial peptide. This study reports a gloverin gene (Seglv) identified from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Seglv encodes 175 amino acids with a signal peptide. Its amino acid sequence is highly homologous (>95%) to other known gloverins. Seglv was expressed from egg to adult stages even without immune challenge. Especially, in larval stage, it was expressed in all tested tissues, such as hemocyte, fat body, gut, and epidermis. However, the consti ... | 2011 | 21925182 |
| Friction and Adhesion Forces of Bacillus thuringiensis Spores on Planar Surfaces in Atmospheric Systems. | The kinetic friction force and the adhesion force of Bacillus thuringiensis spores on planar surfaces in atmospheric systems were studied using atomic force microscopy. The influence of relative humidity (RH) on these forces varied for different surface properties including hydrophobicity, roughness, and surface charge. The friction force of the spore was greater on a rougher surface than on mica, which is atomically flat. As RH increases, the friction force of the spores decreases on mica where ... | 2011 | 22059743 |
| cloning, characterization and diversity of insecticidal crystal protein genes of bacillus thuringiensis native isolates from soils of andaman and nicobar islands. | bt strains were isolated from soils of andaman and nicobar islands and characterized by microscopic and molecular methods. diversity was observed both in protein and cry gene profiles, where majority of the isolates showed presence of 65 kda protein band on sds-page while rest of them showed 130, 72, 44, and 29 kda bands. pcr analysis revealed predominance of cry1i and cry7, 8 genes in these isolates. the pcr screening strategy presented here led us to identify putative novel cry genes which cou ... | 2011 | 21858696 |
| Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Formulated Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as a Feed Additive and Using Topical Applications for Control of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae in Caged-Poultry Manure. | Infestations of house flies, Musca domestica L., are a continual problem around poultry establishments. Acute toxicity of two commercial Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis (Bti) formulations (water-dispersible granules and bran formulation) was evaluated against larvae in the laboratory and against natural populations of M. domestica larvae in the field applied in feed to chickens and as topical applications in the poultry houses. Bioassay data showed that susceptibility of M. domestica ... | 2011 | 22182611 |
| Molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from diverse habitats of India. | Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains were isolated from 94 samples from different geographical regions. Novel types of crystalline inclusion bodies were observed from some of the isolates. Crystalline inclusions of bipyramidal, spherical and cuboidal morphology were found produced by most of the isolates. Isolate GS12 showed crystal on one side of spore while isolate GM108 formed crystals on both termini of spore. Isolate GN31 produced large sized bipyramidal crystals. SDS-PAGE analysis of the sp ... | 2011 | 22144134 |
| single molecule fluorescence study of the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1aa reveals tetramerization. | pore-forming toxins constitute a class of potent virulence factors that attack their host membrane in a two- or three-step mechanism. after binding to the membrane, often aided by specific receptors, they form pores in the membrane. pore formation either unfolds a cytolytic activity in itself or provides a pathway to introduce enzymes into the cells that act upon intracellular proteins. the elucidation of the pore-forming mechanism of many of these toxins represents a major research challenge. a ... | 2011 | 22006922 |
| enhanced toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki and aizawai to black cutworm larvae (lepidoptera: noctuidae) with bacillus sp. nfd2 and pseudomonas sp. fnfd1. | bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki and aizawai are important control agents for lepidopteran pests. bioassays were designed to test b. t. kurstaki and aizawai against second- and-fourth instar black cutworm larvae with and without bacillus sp. nfd2 and pseudomonas sp. fnfd1 bacteria. b. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (xentari) was more toxic to both second- and fourth-instar black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (hufnagel) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), larvae than b. t. kurstaki (dipel) at 7 d after ... | 2011 | 21404837 |
| comparative effect of integrated pest management and farmers' standard pest control practice for managing insect pests on cabbage (brassica spp.). | studies were conducted on experimental cabbage plantings in 2009 and on experimental and commercial plantings in 2010, comparing farmers' current chemical standard pesticide practices with an integrated pest management (ipm) program based on the use of neem (aza-direct) and dipel (bacillus thuringiensis). in experimental plantings, the ipm program used six or eight applications of neem and dipel on a rotational basis. the standard-practice treatments consisted of six or eight applications of car ... | 2011 | 21413143 |
| are apparent negative effects of feeding gm mon810 maize to atlantic salmon, salmo salar, caused by confounding factors? | the present study was conducted to follow up on apparent differences in growth, relative organ sizes, cellular stress and immune function in atlantic salmon fed feed containing gm bacillus thuringiensis maize compared with feed containing the non-modified parental maize line. gene expression profiling on the distal intestinal segment and liver was performed by microarray, and selected genes were followed up by quantitative pcr (qpcr). in the liver, qpcr revealed some differentially regulated gen ... | 2011 | 21418706 |
| purification of an active fragment of cry1ie toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | the cry1i genes from bacillus thuringiensis are a class of special genes with unique characteristics; they are silent in b. thuringiensis strains but can be over-expressed in escherichia coli, resulting in a cry1i-type protein with a molecular mass of approximately 81kda. cry1i-type protein is toxic to lepidoptera larvae. a truncated cry1ie protein, ie648, which corresponds to the first 648 amino acids from the n-terminus of cry1ie, was purified from e. coli using ni-nta affinity isolation, q-se ... | 2011 | 21421052 |
| identification and safety evaluation of bacillus species occurring in high numbers during spontaneous fermentations to produce gergoush, a traditional sudanese bread snack. | gergoush is a naturally fermented sudanese bread snack produced in three fermentation steps (primary starter, adapted starter and final dough), followed by three baking steps for a half to one hour at above 200 °c. this study examines the microbiota of two sets of fermentations performed at a traditional production site in khartoum, sudan in 2006 and 2009, respectively. in 2006 four different milk/legume based primary starters (faba bean, chick pea, lentil and white bean) were sampled in order t ... | 2011 | 21429611 |
| mosquitocidal activity of a native bacillus thuringiensis isolate bt rex02 from gunung jerai forest, malaysia against culex quinquefasciatus and aedes albopictus. | to evaluate the mosquito larvicidal potential of the native bacillus thuringiensis isolate btrexo2, which was isolated from a tropical rain forest ecosystem in malaysia. this study also aimed at determining the phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of the isolate. | 2011 | 21434481 |
| field-evolved resistance to bt toxin cry1ac in the pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), from india. | the pink bollworm is one of the most destructive pests of cotton. transgenic cotton producing bt toxin cry1ac or a combination of cry1ac and cry2ab2 has been used effectively against this pest. however, some other insects have evolved resistance to bt toxins in the field. during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 seasons, pink bollworm populations in india were surveyed to evaluate their responses to cry1ac and seed powder containing cry1ac and cry2ab2. | 2011 | 21438121 |
| in vivo identification of bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin receptors by rna interference knockdown of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked aminopeptidase n transcripts in aedes aegypti larvae. | bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin selectively kills aedes aegypti mosquito larvae as it is in part due to the presence of specific membrane-bound protein receptors. in this study, using data mining approach, we initially identified three potential glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked aminopeptidase n (gpi-apn) isoforms, apn2778, apn2783 and apn5808, which are believed to act as cry4ba toxin receptors. these three isoforms that are functionally expressed in the larval midgut can be sequence-spec ... | 2011 | 21439264 |
| novel bacillus thuringiensis d-endotoxin active against locusta migratoria manilensis. | a novel d-endotoxin gene was cloned from a bacillus thuringiensis strain with activity against locusta migratoria manilensis by pcr-based genome walking. the sequence of the cry gene was 3,432 bp long, and it encoded a cry protein of 1,144 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 129,196.5 kda, which exhibited 62% homology with cry7ba1 in the amino acid sequence. the d-endotoxin with five conserved sequence blocks in the amino-terminal region was designated cry7ca1 (genbank accession no. ef4 ... | 2011 | 21441319 |
| binding sites for bacillus thuringiensis cry2ae toxin on heliothine brush border membrane vesicles are not shared with cry1a, cry1f, or vip3a toxin. | the use of combinations of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins with diverse modes of action for insect pest control has been proposed as the most efficient strategy to increase target range and delay the onset of insect resistance. considering that most cases of cross-resistance to bt toxins in laboratory-selected insect colonies are due to alteration of common toxin binding sites, independent modes of action can be defined as toxins sharing limited or no binding sites in brush border membrane ve ... | 2011 | 21441333 |
| quantitative real-time pcr with sybr green detection to assess gene duplication in insects: study of gene dosage in drosophila melanogaster (diptera) and in ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera). | 2011 | 21443764 | |
| insect-resistant biotech crops and their impacts on beneficial arthropods. | with a projected population of 10 billion by 2050, an immediate priority for agriculture is to achieve increased crop yields in a sustainable and cost-effective way. the concept of using a transgenic approach was realized in the mid-1990s with the commercial introduction of genetically modified (gm) crops. by 2010, the global value of the seed alone was us $11.2 billion, with commercial biotech maize, soya bean grain and cotton valued at approximately us $150 billion. in recent years, it has bec ... | 2011 | 21444317 |
| characterization of a novel temperate phage originating from a cereulide-producing bacillus cereus strain. | a novel temperate bacteriophage was isolated from a bacillus cereus cereulide-producing strain and named vb_bces-iebh. vb_bces-iebh belongs to the siphoviridae family. the complete genome sequence (53 kb) was determined and annotated. eighty-seven orfs were detected and for 28, a putative function was assigned using the aclame database. vb_bces-iebh replicates as a plasmid in the prophage state. accordingly, a 9-kb plasmid-like region composed of 13 orfs was identified. a fragment of around 2000 ... | 2011 | 21349326 |
| relationships between exogenous-toxin quantity and increased biomass of transgenic bt crops under elevated carbon dioxide. | field-otc experiments were conducted with the goals of ascertaining if increased biomass in bt transgenic cotton and rice grown under elevated co(2) results in diminished exogenous-bt toxin, and assessing the effectiveness of bt transgenes against lepidopteran pests. bt cotton responded differently, in terms of bt-toxin quantity, than bt rice, and both indicated differences among developmental stages. dramatic biomass increase significantly diluted bt-toxin content in 45-das ("days after seedlin ... | 2011 | 21349582 |
| impact of cry3bb1-expressing bt maize on adults of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | genetically engineered maize producing insecticidal cry3bb1 protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is protected from root damage by corn rootworm larvae. an examination was made to establish whether western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera) adults are affected by cry3bb1-expressing maize (mon88017) when feeding on above-ground tissue. | 2011 | 21360646 |
| screening for feeding deterrent activity of herbal extracts against the larvae of malaria vector anopheles subpictus grassi. | this no-choice, laboratory study focuses on the feeding of homogeneous powdered, dried, yeast with different plant extracts on mosquito fourth-instar larvae to determine the effects on their mortality. screening for antifeedant activity of plant extracts with some known medicinal attributes could lead to the discovery of new agents for vector control. the aim of this study was to investigate the antifeedant activity of crude leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of andrograp ... | 2011 | 21373809 |
| bacillus thuringiensis: a century of research, development and commercial applications. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a soil bacterium that forms spores during the stationary phase of its growth cycle. the spores contain crystals, predominantly comprising one or more cry and/or cyt proteins (also known as d-endotoxins) that have potent and specific insecticidal activity. different strains of bt produce different types of toxin, each of which affects a narrow taxonomic group of insects. therefore, bt toxins have been used as topical pesticides to protect crops, and more recently th ... | 2011 | 21375687 |
| bacillus thuringiensis: a story of a successful bioinsecticide. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) bacteria are insect pathogens that rely on insecticidal pore forming proteins known as cry and cyt toxins to kill their insect larval hosts. at least four different non-structurally related families of proteins form the cry toxin group of toxins. the expression of certain cry toxins in transgenic crops has contributed to an efficient control of insect pests resulting in a significant reduction in chemical insecticide use. the mode of action of the three domain cry tox ... | 2011 | 21376122 |
| parasporins from a caribbean island: evidence for a globally dispersed bacillus thuringiensis strain. | parasporins represent a new functional class of cry (crystal protein) toxins produced by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). unlike cry toxins that demonstrate activity mainly against some insect cells, parasporins are characterized as being non-hemolytic, yet capable of preferentially killing some human cancer cells. globally, six different parasporin types, ps1-ps6, based on protein sequence homology, have been identified in only four countries (japan, vietnam, india, and canada). herei ... | 2011 | 21380719 |
| dietary administration of bacillus thuringiensis on the cellular innate immune response of african catfish (clarias gariepinus) against aeromonas hydrophila. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) as a probiotic to enhance the cellular innate immune response of the african catfish (clarias gariepinus) challenged with a bacterial fish pathogen, aeromonas hydrophila. | 2011 | 21381499 |
| reduced levels of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase are common to lepidopteran strains resistant to cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | development of insect resistance is one of the main concerns with the use of transgenic crops expressing cry toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. identification of biomarkers would assist in the development of sensitive dna-based methods to monitor evolution of resistance to bt toxins in natural populations. we report on the proteomic and genomic detection of reduced levels of midgut membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase (malp) as a common feature in strains of cry-resistant heliothis ... | 2011 | 21390253 |
| development and characterisation of transgenic rice expressing two bacillus thuringiensis genes. | transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) were first commercialised in 1996. the risk that pests have the potential to evolve resistance to bt toxins is one of the most serious challenges to this technology. gene stacking, pyramiding two bt genes into one variety, is considered to be an effective insect resistance management (irm) strategy. in this study, insect-resistant rice expressing two bt genes was developed by sexual crossing ... | 2011 | 21394874 |
| control failure likelihood and spatial dependence of insecticide resistance in the tomato pinworm, tuta absoluta. | insecticide resistance is a likely cause of field control failures of tuta absoluta, but the subject has been little studied. therefore, resistance to ten insecticides was surveyed in seven representative field populations of this species. the likelihood of control failures was assessed, as well as weather influence and the spatial dependence of insecticide resistance. | 2011 | 21394881 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis serovar finitimus strain ybt-020. | bacillus thuringiensis is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that forms parasporal crystals at the onset of the sporulation phase of its growth. here, we report the complete genome sequence of b. thuringiensis serovar finitimus strain ybt-020, whose parasporal crystals consist of cry26aa and cry28aa crystal proteins and are located between the exosporium and the spore coat and remain adhering to the spore after sporulation. | 2011 | 21398543 |
| hexaplex pcr assay and liquid bead array for detection of stacked genetically modified cotton event 281-24-236×3006-210-23. | a hexaplex system based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) coupled with liquid bead array was developed to assist detection of stacked genetically modified (gm) cotton event 281-24-236 × 3006-210-23 (widestrike) expressing two kinds of endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis (bt). the efficiency of this multiplex detection system was assessed. specific primer sets for simultaneous detection of six targets in the stacked gm cotton event were constructed and used for the pcr assay. each of ... | 2011 | 21626183 |
| proteomic analysis reveals the strategies of bacillus thuringiensis ybt-1520 for survival under long-term heat stress. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been widely used for 50 years as a safe biopesticide for controlling agricultural and sanitary insect pests because of its insecticidal crystal proteins. in this study a proteomic approach was used to investigate the responses and survival strategies of bt ybt-1520 under a long-term heat stress condition (42°c). heat stress mainly influenced the characteristics of ybt-1520 on four aspects: (i) the abilities to synthesise insecticidal crystal proteins and other pot ... | 2011 | 21630448 |
| antagonistic competition moderates virulence in bacillus thuringiensis. | ecology letters (2011) abstract: classical models of the evolution of virulence predict that multiple infections should select for elevated virulence, if increased competitiveness arises from faster growth. however, diverse modes of parasite competition (resource-based, antagonism, immunity manipulation) can lead to adaptations with different implications for virulence. using an experimental evolution approach we investigated the hypothesis that selection in mixed-strain infections will lead to ... | 2011 | 21635671 |
| complex of digestive proteinases of galleria mellonella caterpillars. composition, properties, and limited proteolysis of bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins. | the complex of digestive proteinases in caterpillars of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella was studied. using chromogenic substrates and inhibitor analysis, it was found that serine proteinases play a key role in this complex. three anionic and two cationic forms of trypsin and one anionic and one cationic form of chymotrypsin were identified by zymography in the midgut extract of g. mellonella. the most active trypsin was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, and its n-terminal amino a ... | 2011 | 21639838 |
| synergistic effects of cydia pomonella granulovirus gp37 on the infectivity of nucleopolyhedroviruses and the lethality of bacillus thuringiensis. | to initiate an efficient primary infection, it is important for baculovirus virions to penetrate through the peritrophic membrane (pm) of the host insect. it is frequently reported that enhancins of baculoviruses significantly enhance viral infection by degrading the various protein components of pms. however, not all baculoviruses encode enhancins. gp37s of baculoviruses share high amino acid identity with fusolins, synergistic factors found in entomopoxviruses. in this study, a truncated cydia ... | 2011 | 21643992 |
| molecular characterization of the modular chitin binding protein cbp50 from bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian. | bacillus thuringiensis is an insecticidal bacterium whose chitinolytic system may be exploited to improve the insecticidal system of bt-crops. a nucleotide fragment of 1368 bp from b. thuringiensis serovar konkukian s4, containing the complete coding sequence of the chitin binding protein cbp50, was cloned and sequenced. analyses have shown the protein to contain a modular structure consisting of an n-terminal cbm33 domain, two copies of a fibronectin-like domain and a c-terminal chitin binding ... | 2011 | 21647612 |
| detrimental effect of expression of bt endotoxin cry1ac on in vitro regeneration, in vivo growth and development of tobacco and cotton transgenics. | high levels of expression of the cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis cannot be routinely achieved in transgenic plants despite modifications made in the gene to improve its expression. this has been attributed to the instability of the transcript in a few reports. in the present study, based on the genetic transformation of cotton and tobacco, we show that the expression of the cry1ac endotoxin has detrimental effects on both the in vitro and in vivo growth and development of transgenic plan ... | 2011 | 21654089 |