Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| skimming the surface with burgess shale arthropod locomotion. | the first arthropod trackways are described from the middle cambrian burgess shale formation of canada. trace fossils, including trackways, provide a rich source of biological and ecological information, including direct evidence of behaviour not commonly available from body fossils alone. the discovery of large arthropod trackways is unique for burgess shale-type deposits. trackway dimensions and the requisite number of limbs are matched with the body plan of a tegopeltid arthropod. tegopelte, ... | 2011 | 22072605 |
| nucleolar organizer regions (nors) distribution and behavior in spermatozoa and meiotic cells of the horse (equus caballus). | nucleolar organizing regions (nors) containing rdna gene clusters have been assigned to the equine autosomes eca1, eca28, and eca31. active nors (ag-nors) are associated with argyrophilic proteins, which allow them to be readily identified using silver staining techniques. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) for rdna can also be used to visualize all nor clusters in the nucleus, regardless of whether they are active or inactive. the present study analyzed the distribution and behavior of e ... | 2011 | 22056014 |
| ISCOM-matrix-based equine influenza (EIV) vaccine stimulates cell-mediated immunity in the horse. | The humoral immune response induced by ISCOM-matrix (Immuno Stimulating COMplex-Matrix)-adjuvanted equine influenza virus (EIV) vaccine is well documented in horses. ISCOM-matrix adjuvanted vaccines against human influenza are strong inducers of cell-mediated immunity (CMI), including T cell proliferation and virus-specific cytotoxic T cell. In the horse, the CMI response to equine influenza vaccination is less well characterised. An ISCOM-based vaccine has been shown to induce interferon gamma ... | 2011 | 22178272 |
| catastrophic scapular fractures in californian racehorses: pathology, morphometry and bone density. | to enhance understanding of the nature and pathogenesis of scapular fractures in racehorses. | 2011 | 21883414 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection among horses in tunisia. | abstract: | 2011 | 22107730 |
| insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus associated with presumed autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome in a mare. | a 5-year-old thoroughbred-cross mare was diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. partial glycemic control and clinical improvement were achieved with daily insulin administration for 18 mo. the mare subsequently developed evidence of hypoadrenocorticism and died. necropsy findings included lymphocytic infiltration of the pancreas, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, and thyroid glands, suggestive of an immune-mediated polyendocrinopathy. | 2011 | 22043070 |
| Risk factors for equine laminitis: A systematic review with quality appraisal of published evidence. | Epidemiological studies into the risk factors for naturally-occurring equine laminitis are limited. There are a small number of such studies, although the results are inconsistent and remain disputed. The reasons for the conflicting results remain unclear. The aim of this review was to critically evaluate previous research in order to identify publications which provide the best evidence of risk factors for naturally-occurring equine laminitis. A systematic review of English language publication ... | 2011 | 22104504 |
| interceptive extraction of a persistent deciduous incisor tooth in a young horse. | 2011 | 22206144 | |
| abnormal reproductive patterns in przewalski's mares are associated with a loss in gene diversity. | the ex situ population of the przewalski's horse (equus ferus przewalskii) is not self-sustaining (20% foaling rate) and the demography is skewed toward aging individuals with low gene diversity. we designed the present study to gain a better understanding of the reproductive biology of the przewalski's mare and to determine whether age and gene diversity influenced reproductive function. urine samples were collected 3-7 days/week from 19 mares from may-september and ultrasound examinations of f ... | 2011 | 21900686 |
| quarantine, exports and animal disease in australia 1901-2010. | the constitution forming the australian commonwealth government on 1 january 1901 provided that animal and animal products imported into and exported from australia would be under the authority of the national government. by mutual agreement, the quarantine act 1908 provided for the states to continue the delivery of services under contract until 1995 when the commonwealth took back full responsibility for quarantine services. in the 1940s, 50s and 60s there were world pandemics of livestock dis ... | 2011 | 21864310 |
| morpho-functional studies regarding the fertility prognosis of mares suffering from equine endometrosis. | the aim of the present study was to characterize the morpho-functional features of endometrosis in barren and foaling mares, using both conventional histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. endometrial biopsy samples were collected during the physiological breeding season from 159 estrous, clinically healthy mares (mean age 12 years), and the quality and degree of endometrosis was histomorphologically defined. the mares were bred and those that foaled were put in the foaling group wher ... | 2011 | 21855986 |
| peroxynitrite detoxification by horse heart carboxymethylated cytochrome c is allosterically modulated by cardiolipin. | carboxymethylation of equine heart cytochrome c (cytc) changes its tertiary structure by disrupting the heme-fe-met80 distal bond, such that carboxymethylated cytc (cm-cytc) displays myoglobin-like properties. here, the effect of cardiolipin (cl) on peroxynitrite isomerization by ferric cm-cytc (cm-cytc-fe(iii)) is reported. unlike native ferric cytc (cytc-fe(iii)), cm-cytc-fe(iii) catalyzes peroxynitrite isomerization, the value of the second order rate constant (k(on)) is 6.8 × 10(4)m(-1)s(-1) ... | 2011 | 22056558 |
| expression of high-molecular-mass neurofilament protein in horse (equus caballus) spinal ganglion neurons. | spinal ganglion (sg) neurons are subdivided, on the basis of their cytoplasmic aspect at light and electron microscopy, into dark (d) and light (l) neurons. numerous efforts have been made to find specific markers able to identify d and l neuronal cytotypes. the isolectin b4 (ib4), utilized to identify nonpeptidergic d neurons in mice, unfortunately, has not proved as effective in other species. the 200-kda neurofilament protein (nf200) is considered as a typical marker of l neurons in the rat, ... | 2011 | 22038722 |
| comparison of two trapping methods for culicoides biting midges and determination of african horse sickness virus prevalence in midge populations at onderstepoort, south africa. | culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are vectors of a variety of pathogens including african horse sickness virus (ahsv), a member of the family reoviridae, genus orbivirus. ahsv causes african horse sickness (ahs), an endemic disease of equids with an extremely high mortality rate in horses in sub-saharan africa. culicoides (avaritia) imicola kieffer is considered to be the principal vector of ahsv and is the dominant culicoides species in south africa. due to the global distribu ... | 2011 | 22014560 |
| Biomechanical Testing of a Novel Suture Pattern for Repair of Equine Tendon Lacerations. | OBJECTIVE: To compare in vitro biomechanical properties of a novel suture pattern to a current standard for primary repair of equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) laceration. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro randomized, paired design. ANIMALS: Cadaveric equine forelimb SDFT (n = 24). METHODS: The 3-loop pulley (3LP) and 6-strand Savage (SSS) suture patterns were applied to transected equine SDFT. Ultimate failure load, stiffness, mode of failure, and load required to form a 3-mm gap were obtain ... | 2011 | 22091789 |
| Molecular characterization of alternative transcripts of the horse BMAL1 gene. | The horse BMAL1 gene encodes the brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1, which is a key regulator of circadian rhythmic systems in most organs and cells. The first exon of the horse-specific BMAL1 gene is produced by an exonization event of LINE3 (CR1) and SINE (MIR) was detected by bioinformatic analysis. Alternative variants generated by cassette exon event in various horse tissues were also detected by RT-PCR amplification and sequencing. The cDNA sequences of the horse transcripts (BMAL1a, BMA ... | 2011 | 21882956 |
| examination of the anterior uveoscleral pathway in domestic species. | objective to investigate the uveoscleral (us) pathway in the normal eyes of four domestic spp.: the cat, pig, cow and horse by examining the comparative anatomical structure of anterior us pathway. animals studied four cats, ten pigs, four cows, eight horses. procedures formalin-preserved specimens from anterior uveas of the cat, pig, cow and horse were embedded and serially sectioned sagittally and tangentially and stained with h&e, masson's trichrome, smooth muscle actin immunolabel, or ela ... | 2011 | 22051120 |
| pulling rabbits to reveal the secrets of the prion protein. | the prion protein (prp) is a membrane-tethered glycoprotein that plays a central role in a unique class of neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and other mammals. prion diseases have genetic and sporadic origins, but their infectious nature sets them apart from other neurodegenerative disorders. according to the "protein-only" hypothesis, misfolded prp conformers (prions) are responsible for both spongiform degeneration of the brain and disease transmissibility. thus, understanding prp ... | 2011 | 21980555 |
| [use of local anaesthetics in the horse. pharmacological and legal aspects]. | 2011 | 22138774 | |
| mathematical modelling of tissue formation in chondrocyte filter cultures. | in the field of cartilage tissue engineering, filter cultures are a frequently used three-dimensional differentiation model. however, understanding of the governing processes of in vitro growth and development of tissue in these models is limited. therefore, this study aimed to further characterise these processes by means of an approach combining both experimental and applied mathematical methods. a mathematical model was constructed, consisting of partial differential equations predicting the ... | 2011 | 22179936 |
| metformin in equine metabolic syndrome: an enigma or a dead duck? | 2011 | 21885304 | |
| equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy in lusitano horses. | equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (edm) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has been previously associated with low vitamin e concentrations. | 2011 | 22092640 |
| molecular detection of coxiella burnetii and neospora caninum in equine aborted foetuses and neonates. | abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death are major causes of equine mortality and cause severe economic loss to the equine industry. the present study was based on a complete necropsy protocol associated with classical microbiological examinations and molecular biology on 407 cases of abortion, stillbirths and neonate death. based on this retrospective survey, "less common" abortive infectious agents were characterised by molecular tools in nine independent cases of abortion or neonate mortality. ... | 2011 | 22130310 |
| occurrence of fumonisins in feed for swine and horses. | background: fumonisin b1 (fb1) and fumonisin b2 (fb2), and overall mycotoxins feed contamination may cause several effects, on crops production and animal health. the contamination occurred predominantly in corn and corn-based foods and feeds. aims: this survey intends to provide the occurrence of fumonisins in swine and equine mixed feeds in portugal, making an overview from 2007 to 2010. methods: a total of 363 samples were analyzed, 258 from swine feed and 105 from horse feed with hplc method ... | 2011 | 21907302 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis infection in a captive-bred kiang (equus kiang). | equids are considered highly resistant to mycobacterial infections and clinical cases have been described in domestic horses only. mycobacterium bovis is the most common species reported, although a single report exists of disease due to definitively diagnosed infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis in two domestic horses. this is the first report of a mycobacterial infection in a kiang (equus kiang), or indeed any wild equid. the animal had chronic loss of condition and serum bioc ... | 2011 | 21906752 |
| influence of the uterine environment on the development of in vitro produced equine embryos. | the necessity for early interaction between the embryo and the oviductal and/or uterine environment in the horse is reflected by several striking differences between equine embryos that develop in vivo and those produced in vitro. better understanding of the salient interactions may help to improve the efficiency of in vitro equine embryo production. in an initial experiment, cleavage-stage in vitro produced (ivp) equine embryos were transferred into the uterus of recipient mares that had ovulat ... | 2011 | 22089531 |
| transfer of tumour necrosis factor-α via colostrum to foals. | this study aimed to determine whether tnf-α is transferred to equine neonates via colostrum and the relationship between tnf-α and igg concentrations in the equine neonate. colostrum, presuckle and postsuckle foal serum samples were collected from healthy mares and their foals. equine tnf-α elisa and igg srid kits were used to determine the concentrations of tnf-α and igg, respectively. statistical analysis was performed using the spearman rank correlation. tnf-α concentrations in all presuckle ... | 2011 | 22027187 |
| heparan sulfate binding by natural eastern equine encephalitis viruses promotes neurovirulence. | the alphavirus genus of the family togaviridae contains mosquito-vectored viruses that primarily cause either arthritogenic disease or acute encephalitis. north american eastern equine encephalitis virus (na-eeev) is uniquely neurovirulent among encephalitic alphaviruses, causing mortality in a majority of symptomatic cases and neurological sequelae in many survivors. unlike many alphaviruses, na-eeev infection of mice yields limited signs of febrile illness typically associated with lymphoid ti ... | 2011 | 21896745 |
| sustainable equine parasite control: perspectives and research needs. | clinically important equine parasites are ubiquitous in managed horse populations. the traditional approach to parasite control is frequent administration of anthelmintics to all horses on a farm. however, increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance is forcing horse owners and veterinarians to shift this control paradigm. treatment regimens involving routine deworming of all horses throughout the year are now being replaced by more sustainable approaches, which take in to account the importance ... | 2011 | 22055611 |
| engineering of an e. coli outer membrane protein fhua with increased channel diameter. | channel proteins like fhua can be an alternative to artificial chemically synthesized nanopores. to reach such goals, channel proteins must be flexible enough to be modified in their geometry, i.e. length and diameter. as continuation of a previous study in which we addressed the lengthening of the channel, here we report the increasing of the channel diameter by genetic engineering. | 2011 | 21854627 |
| osteochondrosis and osteochondral fragments in standardbred trotters: prevalence and relationships. | reasons for performing study: developmental orthopaedic diseases (dod) such as osteochondrosis (oc)/osteochondrosis dissecans (ocd), palmar/plantar osteochondral fragments (pof), ununited palmar/plantar eminences (upe) and dorsoproximal first phalanx fragments are well recognised in the horse. aetiopathogeneses are controversial and molecular genetic screening of dna has recently been employed for their elucidation. precise phenotypic definition and knowledge of breed-specific prevalence and int ... | 2011 | 21895752 |
| water-soluble fluorescent conjugated polymer-enzyme hybrid system for the determination of both hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide. | in this paper, a sensitive and simple detecting system was developed for quantitative analysis of both hydroquinone (h(2)q) and hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), based on the successful combination of horse radish peroxidase (hrp) and water-soluble conjugate fluorescence polymers ppeso(3). in the presence of hrp and h(2)o(2), h(2)q could be oxidized to 1,4-benzoquinone (bq), an intermediate, which plays the main role in the enhanced quenching of the photoluminescence (pl) intensity of ppeso(3). the ... | 2011 | 22063526 |
| [effects of kit gene on coat depigmentation in white horses]. | coat color of horse is an important basis for both species identification and individual recognition and is also one of the important references traits for breeding. therefore, the research on the mechanism of coat fading has become an important part of horses' coat color study. it has been found that the white phenotype is closely related to the mutation of kit gene, which is located on chromosome 3. investigated results showed that the formation of the epidermal melanoblast and melanin relie ... | 2011 | 22120071 |
| cross clade prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of polyvalent equine immunoglobulin f(ab')2 against highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 in mice. | highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus (hpai h5n1) has the potential to cause a new pandemic, which may lead to disasters in the world. however, we cannot predict the hpai h5n1 strain that might cause the pandemic. therefore, broad-spectrum prophylactic or therapeutic preparations for containment of a possible future pandemic are urgently needed. polyvalent equine immunoglobulin f(ab')2 may be a promising candidate. | 2011 | 21906698 |
| influence of electrode position on cardioversion energy requirements during transvenous electrical cardioversion in horses. | to evaluate influence of electrode position on cardioversion energy (ce; energy delivered in the shock at which cardioversion was achieved) during transvenous electrical cardioversion (tvec) in horses with atrial fibrillation. | 2011 | 21879977 |
| highly sensitive proximity mediated immunoassay reveals her2 status conversion in the circulating tumor cells of metastatic breast cancer patients. | abstract: background: the clinical benefits associated with targeted oncology agents are generally limited to subsets of patients. even with favorable biomarker profiles, many patients do not respond or acquire resistance. existing technologies are ineffective for treatment monitoring as they provide only static and limited information and require substantial amounts of tissue. therefore, there is an urgent need to develop methods that can profile potential therapeutic targets with limited clin ... | 2011 | 22172159 |
| the effect of detergent-based decellularization procedures on cellular proteins and immunogenicity in equine carotid artery grafts. | decellularized equine carotid arteries (deac) may represent a reasonable alternative to alloplastic materials in vascular replacement therapy. acellularity of the matrix is standardly evaluated by dna quantification what however may not record sufficiently the degree of matrix immunogenicity. thus, our aim was to analyze deac with a low dna content for residual cellular proteins. a detergent-based decellularization protocol including endonuclease treatment resulted in deac with 0.6 ± 0.15 ng dna ... | 2011 | 21944468 |
| test of recrudescence hypothesis for overwintering of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in gray catbirds. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev; family togaviridae, genus alphavirus) epizootics are infrequent, but they can lead to high mortality in infected horses and humans. despite the importance of eeev to human and animal health, little is known about how the virus overwinters and reinitiates transmission each spring, particularly in temperate regions where infected adult mosquitoes are unlikely to survive through the winter. one hypothesis to explain the mechanism by which this virus persists ... | 2011 | 21845951 |
| [constipated]. | 2011 | 21939012 | |
| pathology and immunohistochemistry of papillomavirus-associated cutaneous lesions in cape mountain zebra, giraffe, sable antelope and african buffalo in south africa. | skin lesions associated with papillomaviruses have been reported in many animal species and man. bovine papillomavirus (bvp) affects mainly the epidermis, but also the dermis in several species including bovine, the best-known example being equine sarcoid, which is associated with bvp types 1 and 2. this publication describes and illustrates the macroscopic and histological appearance of bpv-associated papillomatous, fibropapillomatous or sarcoid-like lesions in cape mountain zebra (equus zebra ... | 2011 | 22135923 |
| neutralization and purification of thyroid stimulating antibody (tsab) and thyroid blocking antibody (tbab) by heterophilic antibody to animal igg in graves' disease. | there are several reports that sera from graves' patients contain heterophilic antibody (ab) to animal igg such as human anti-mouse antibody (hama). we examined the binding of tsab and tbab with heterophilic ab. the binding of animal igg with patient's igg was examined by the inhibition of animal igg on the binding of labeled bovine (b) igg with patient's igg. the binding to labeled bigg was detected in the serum of 5 patients (2.7 %) among 185 patients with graves' disease. the binding of t ... | 2011 | 22082836 |
| horse owners' biosecurity practices following the first equine influenza outbreak in australia. | a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 759 australian horse owners to determine their biosecurity practices and perceptions one year after the 2007 equine influenza outbreak and to investigate the factors influencing these perceptions and practices. a web link to an online questionnaire was sent to 1224 horse owners as a follow-up to a previous study to obtain information about biosecurity perceptions and practices, impacts of the 2007 ei outbreak, demographic information and informatio ... | 2011 | 21893356 |
| a new approach to the ferritin iron core growth: influence of the h/l ratio on the core shape. | an electron microscopy study, in combination with modeling and image simulation, of four different reconstituted ferritin samples: recombinant human h and l homopolymers, and h and l heteropolymers of native l-subunit-rich horse spleen and h-subunit-rich human heart ferritins, points out the existence of a correlation between iron core shape and protein shell. | 2011 | 22134157 |
| clenbuterol toxicosis in three quarter horse racehorses after administration of a compounded product. | 3 quarter horse racehorses were examined for suspected clenbuterol overdose 12 to 24 hours after administration by mouth of a compounded clenbuterol product. | 2011 | 21916768 |
| genetic characterization of endangered kiso horse using 31 microsatellite dnas. | in order to contribute to conservation of the endangered kiso horse, we clarified their genetic information using 31 microstellite dnas, and genotyped 125 horses, 83% of the existing breed. first, we clarified the current status of the horse. the horses were confirmed to have experienced rapid loss of population causing a bottleneck, and their effective population size was much smaller than their census size. moreover, the number of alleles (6.3), observed heterozygosity (0.674), and expected he ... | 2011 | 21963881 |
| dynamic respiratory videoendoscopy in ridden sport horses: effect of head flexion, riding and airway inflammation in 129 cases. | dynamic upper airway obstruction (uao) is a cause of respiratory noise and sometimes poor performance in sport horses. riding, head flexion and airway inflammation may impact upper respiratory tract stability during exercise. objectives: to evaluate upper airway mechanical behaviour in ridden sport horses using overground endoscopy and the effect of head flexion, rider intervention and underlying airway inflammation on the pharynx and larynx. | 2011 | 22082441 |
| ovarian responses and embryo survival in recipient lactating holstein cows treated with equine chorionic gonadotropin. | the objectives of experiment 1 were to determine a dose of ecg that would increase total luteal volume and plasma progesterone (p4) concentration on estrous cycle day 7 in cows. the objectives of experiment 2 were to determine the effects of treating embryo recipient lactating holstein cows with ecg on pregnancy per embryo transfer (p/et). in experiment 1, lactating dairy cows at 63 ± 3 d postpartum (dim) received no treatment (control, n = 10), or 600 (ecg6, n = 19), or 800 (ecg8, n = 19) iu of ... | 2011 | 21958626 |
| endogenous ouabain regulates cell viability. | the endogenous cardiac steroid-like compounds, endogenous ouabain (eo) in particular, are present in the human circulation and are considered putative ligands of the inhibitory binding site of the plasma membrane na(+)-k(+)-atpase. a vast amount of data shows that, when added to cell cultures, these steroids promote the growth of cardiac, vascular, and epithelial cells. however, the involvement of the endogenous compounds in the regulation of cell viability and proliferation has never been addre ... | 2011 | 22031604 |
| horse racing eyes changes to stay relevant: new drug penalties, security, medication guidelines up for debate. | 2011 | 22106480 | |
| comparison of pressure distribution under a conventional saddle and a treeless saddle at sitting trot. | it can be a challenge to find a conventional saddle that is a good fit for both horse and rider. an increasing number of riders are purchasing treeless saddles because they are thought to fit a wider range of equine back shapes, but there is only limited research to support this theory. the objective of this study was to compare the total force and pressure distribution patterns on the horse's back with conventional and treeless saddles. the experimental hypotheses were that the conventional sad ... | 2011 | 22178359 |
| the early ul3 gene of equine herpesvirus-1 encodes a tegument protein not essential for replication or virulence in the mouse. | the ul3 gene of equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) is retained in the genome of defective interfering particles and encodes a ~33kda myristylated protein. further characterization showed that the ul3 gene is trans-activated only by the sole immediate early (ie) protein and encodes an early protein that is dispensable for ehv-1 replication and localizes in the tegument of purified virions. ul3-deleted ehv-1 (vl11δul3) exhibits properties of host cell tropism, plaque size, and growth kinetics similar to ... | 2011 | 21917286 |
| the effect of sodium fluoride preservative and storage temperature on the stability of 6-acetylmorphine in horse blood, sheep vitreous and deer muscle. | this study examined the in vitro stability of 6-acetylmorphine (6am) in horse blood, sheep vitreous humour (vh) and homogenised deer muscle stored under different storage conditions. the stability of 6am in horse blood is of interest because many toxicological laboratories utilise this matrix for the preparation of blood calibration and check standards and the latter are typically stored during routine use. data on the storage stability of 6am in human vh is extremely limited and no data has bee ... | 2011 | 22185827 |
| exogenous collagen cross-linking recovers tendon functional integrity in an experimental model of partial tear. | we investigated the hypothesis that exogenous collagen cross-linking can augment intact regions of tendon to mitigate mechanical propagation of partial tears. we first screened the low toxicity collagen cross-linkers genipin, methylglyoxal and ultra-violet (uv) light for their ability to augment tendon stiffness and failure load in rat tail tendon fascicles (rttf). we then investigated cross-linking effects in load bearing equine superficial digital flexor tendons (sdft). data indicated that all ... | 2011 | 22102295 |
| hendra virus. | 2011 | 21895580 | |
| laminar chemokine mrna concentrations in horses with carbohydrate overload-induced laminitis. | chemokines play a vital role in leukocyte activation and emigration that reportedly plays a central role in laminar injury in equine laminitis. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of laminar chemokine expression in horses in the classical carbohydrate overload (cho)-model of laminitis. laminar samples were obtained 24h following water administration in the control group (con, n=8), and at the onset of fever (≥ 102°f, 12-22 h post cho, dev group, n=8) and at the onset of lamenes ... | 2011 | 21889804 |
| [influence of exercise on horses' limb volume, measured by an optoelectronic device]. | this study tested for the first time an optoelectronic device (perometer*) measuring limb volume of horses. an analysis of its application was performed regarding the influence of different types of physical exercise on the volume of the extremities. 40 horses were divided into four groups often horses, each group being exposed to exercise, differing in kind and duration of lunging, horse-ridden and riderless. the volume measurement was performed by determining the inactive value (i) after a twe ... | 2011 | 22059298 |
| flow cytometric detection of myeloperoxidase in horse neutrophils: a novel technique in equine diagnostic research. | myeloperoxidase (mpo) is a protein of interest due to its involvement in equine pathologies. until now, results in equine diagnostic research were achieved through extracellular mpo detection. however, studying the cellular mpo content in neutrophils has revealed important insights in human diseases. this study aimed to develop a technique for the specific detection of mpo on the single cell level defining a flow cytometric protocol for the detection of both equine surface-bound and cellular mpo ... | 2011 | 22018886 |
| brittle tail syndrome is an emerging infection in horses caused by a keratinolytic fungus equicapillimyces hongkongensis gen. nov., sp. nov. | the newly described brittle tail syndrome causes weakening and breakage of the tail hair of horses. extensive mycological and molecular studies showed that a novel fungus equicapillimyces hongkongensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is the most likely cause of this syndrome. it is a septate branching hyaline mould which grows optimally at 30°c, requires nicotinic acid but is inhibited by cycloheximide, and specifically infects horse hair. hyphae fill the core of infected hair shafts with short-necked struc ... | 2011 | 22014601 |
| comparative evaluation of three commercially available complement fixation test antigens for the diagnosis of glanders. | the sensitivity and specificity of three commercially available complement fixation test (cft) antigens from c.c.pro (c.c.pro), central veterinary institute of wageningen ur (cidc) and the united states department of agriculture (usda) were comparatively evaluated by testing 410 sera collected from glanders-endemic and non-endemic areas (200 true-negative randomly collected sera and 210 sera collected from experimentally immunised animals (12 rabbits, 19 horses), clinically positive (135) and cu ... | 2011 | 21896565 |
| cross-sectional study of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in horses. part 2: risk factors for faecal carriage of antimicrobial-resistant escherichia coli in horses. | reasons for performing study: the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria such as antimicrobial-resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing escherichia coli represents a significant problem for human and veterinary medicine. despite this, the risk factors for faecal carriage of such bacteria by horses in the uk, particularly those in the wider community, have not been well described. objectives: to characterise the risk factors for faecal carriage of antimicrob ... | 2011 | 21848536 |
| predictive risk mapping of west nile virus (wnv) infection in saskatchewan horses. | the objective of this study was to develop a model using equine data from geographically limited surveillance locations to predict risk categories for west nile virus (wnv) infection in horses in all geographic locations across the province of saskatchewan. the province was divided geographically into low-, medium-, or high-risk categories for wnv, based on available serology information from 923 horses obtained through 4 studies of wnv infection in horse populations in saskatchewan. discriminan ... | 2011 | 22210991 |
| cross-sectional survey of owner knowledge and husbandry practices, tack and health issues affecting working horses in lesotho. | reasons for performing study: to establish baseline parameters of equine health, owner knowledge and husbandry practices and tack against which benefits to local horses arising from an equine charity's training programme in lesotho could be measured. objectives: to describe and investigate associations between owner knowledge and equine husbandry practices, horse health and tack-related parameters prior to the start of the training programme. methods: a cross-sectional survey was undertaken in t ... | 2011 | 21848533 |
| comparative quantitative analysis of osseous anatomy of the craniovertebral junction of tiger, horse, deer, and humans. | to compare the osseous anatomy of the craniovertebral junction of a horse, deer, and tiger with that of a human being. the variation in the structure of bones in these animals is analyzed. | 2011 | 22013373 |
| an insight into the ligand-receptor interactions involved in the translocation of pathogens across blood-brain barrier. | traversal of pathogen across the blood-brain barrier (bbb) is an essential step for central nervous system (cns) invasion. pathogen traversal can occur paracellularly, transcellularly, and/or in infected phagocytes (trojan horse mechanism). to trigger the translocation processes, mainly through paracellular and transcellular ways, interactions between protein molecules of pathogen and bbb are inevitable. simply, it takes two to tango: both host receptors and pathogen ligands. underlying molecula ... | 2011 | 22092557 |
| molecular and cytogenetic studies in a case of xx sry-negative sex reversal in an arabian horse. | an 18-month-old arabian foal characterized by a stallion-like appearance was submitted for cytogenetic and molecular genetics examinations due to abnormalities of external genitalia and the presence of ovotestis-like structures in the abdominal cavity. by rb-banding the animal showed the normal female equine karyotype (2n = 64,xx). molecular analysis revealed the absence of the sry and zfy genes and the presence of zfx, a typical female equine condition. the entire rspo1 coding region was examin ... | 2011 | 22025175 |
| vertical head and trunk movement adaptations of sound horses trotting in a circle on a hard surface. | trotting a horse in circles is a standard and important part of the subjective equine lameness examination, yet objective data on this form of locomotion are sparse. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trotting in a circle on head and trunk movement symmetry. vertical movements of the head, withers, os sacrum and left and right tuber coxae were measured using inertial sensors as 12 sound horses were trotted on a hard surface in a straight line and in a circle on both reins. se ... | 2011 | 22104508 |
| compliance, cooperation, conditioning and cognition: four cs in the assessment of the horse-rider dyad. | 2011 | 21924929 | |
| structures of the rna-guided surveillance complex from a bacterial immune system. | bacteria and archaea acquire resistance to viruses and plasmids by integrating short fragments of foreign dna into clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crisprs). these repetitive loci maintain a genetic record of all prior encounters with foreign transgressors. crisprs are transcribed and the long primary transcript is processed into a library of short crispr-derived rnas (crrnas) that contain a unique sequence complementary to a foreign nucleic-acid challenger. in escheric ... | 2011 | 21938068 |
| variation in equine management factors between riding schools with high vs. low insurance claims for orthopaedic injury: a field study. | lameness is the most commonly diagnosed condition in equine veterinary practice. to examine whether variations in management and husbandry strategies in riding schools could influence wastage due to orthopaedic injury schools with high (huio) or low (luio) insurance claims for orthopaedic injuries (as an indirect measure of wastage) were compared epidemiologically using an extensive questionnaire and field study visits. schools differed in management strategies and these influence injury rate an ... | 2011 | 22134186 |
| [lumbar canal stenosis with overactive bladder presenting urinary incontinence developed by walking: a case report]. | a 74-year-old male complained of lower back pain, paresthesia of the bilateral feet and urinary incontinence. urinary incontinence manifested at rest and worsened with walking. he had a history of surgery for prostatic cancer. lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (mri) demonstrated lumbar canal stenosis at the l4/5 level. the investigations including a cystometrogram manifested an overactive bladder caused by lumbar canal stenosis. his clinical symptoms were unresponsive to conservative treatment a ... | 2011 | 21972188 |
| submandibular lymph node abscess caused by actinomyces denticolens in a horse in ontario. | this is the first report of the isolation of actinomyces denticolens, an opportunistic pathogen, from a draining submandibular lymph node abscess in a horse in ontario. due to the similarity of the clinical signs with strangles, this pathogen should be included in the differential diagnosis of submandibular lymphadenopathy in the horse. | 2011 | 22043071 |
| acute selenium toxicosis in polo ponies. | just prior to an international polo event, 21 horses from one team exhibited clinical signs of central nervous system disturbance, hyperexcitability, sweating, ataxia, tachycardia, dyspnea, pyrexia, and rapid death. the suspected cause of this peracute onset of illness and death included intentional contamination of feed or iatrogenic administration of performance-enhancing drugs resulting in a severe adverse reaction. six horses were submitted to the bronson animal disease diagnostic laboratory ... | 2011 | 21908304 |
| discovery of lost diversity of paternal horse lineages using ancient dna. | modern domestic horses display abundant genetic diversity within female-inherited mitochondrial dna, but practically no sequence diversity on the male-inherited y chromosome. several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this discrepancy, but can only be tested through knowledge of the diversity in both the ancestral (pre-domestication) maternal and paternal lineages. as wild horses are practically extinct, ancient dna studies offer the only means to assess this ancestral diversity. here we s ... | 2011 | 21863017 |
| microcin c: biosynthesis, mode of action, and potential as a lead in antibiotics development. | the natural compound microcin c (mcc) is a trojan horse inhibitor of aspartyl trna synthetases endowed with strong antibacterial properties, in which a heptapeptide moiety is responsible for active transport of the inhibitory metabolite part into the bacterial cell. the intracellularly formed aspartyl amp analogue carries a chemically more stable phosphoramidate linkage, in comparison to the labile aspartyl-adenylate, and in addition is esterified with a 3-aminopropyl moiety. therefore, this com ... | 2011 | 21888539 |
| [equine-assisted therapy in child psychiatry]. | the use of a horse or pony as a therapeutic tool is often presented in the media as a recent phenomenon. a survey of 103 institutions shows that it is in fact an approach well rooted in child and adolescent psychiatry. however, professionals who use equine-assisted therapy are calling for an assessment to be carried out enabling them to hone their practices. | 2011 | 22165335 |
| diagnostic assays for glanders. | 2011 | 22184353 | |
| detection of chromogranin a in the adrenal gland extracts of different animal species by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using thomsen-friedenreich antigen-specific amaranthus caudatus lectin. | the reactivity of different lectins with crude chromogranin a (cga) obtained from different animals, namely, cow, horse, dog, pig, and dolphin, was examined to identify lectin(s) that would be useful as coating reagent(s) in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). of the different lectins studied, the amaranthus caudatus lectin (aca), which is specific for the thomsen-friedenreich (t)-antigen (galβ1-3galnac), was found to react with the cga from different animals by western blottin ... | 2011 | 22041600 |
| application of igf2 - specific identifier probe for cytogenetic study of somatic and sperm cells in horses. | the development of molecular techniques with fluorochromes has had an invaluable impact on discovering the nature of chromatin structure. here, we show the application of a locus specific identifier probe (lsi) for precise and selective visualization of the horse igf2 gene in the metaphase, interphase nuclei and sperm cells. our study may be helpful for interpretation of results of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (i-fish). we analyze and discuss the variation in the number and loca ... | 2011 | 22195468 |
| the equestrian sport-related injury workload of a regional doctor-led air ambulance unit. | the great western ambulance service air support unit (asu) was established in july 2007. the helicopter carries a doctor, providing a helicopter emergency medical service (hems) model of care. equestrian sport-related injuries account for 6.8% of the unit's total attended case load. horse riding has a higher rate of severe injury than motorcycle racing and 45% of patients admitted with equestrian injuries require surgical intervention. orthopaedic injuries to the extremities are commonest, super ... | 2011 | 22015142 |
| effect of saliva from horse fly hybomitra bimaculata on kinetic properties of na,k-atpase: possible role in regulation of relaxation. | the possible involvement of salivary gland extract (sge) from horse flies in modifying hyperpolarization and relaxation via alterations in functional properties of sarcolemmal na,k-atpase in the host tissue was tested in vitro by application of various amounts of sge from hybomitra bimaculata.sge in the amount of 3 µg proteins representing approximately the equivalent of one salivary gland of hybomitra bimaculata induced a stimulatory effect on na,k-atpase at all atp concentrations applied. this ... | 2011 | 22058657 |
| the equine pastern. | injuries involving the pastern region are a common source of lameness in many types of performance horses. knowledge of the common breed- and activity-associated injuries can aid veterinarians in making an accurate diagnosis because injuries of the pastern region are often breed- or use-specific. the differential diagnosis for disorders of the pastern region includes osteoarthritis, osteochondrosis, fractures, infection, and soft tissue injuries. in general, soft tissue injuries of the pastern r ... | 2011 | 21870342 |
| factors affecting recombinant western equine encephalitis virus glycoprotein production in the baculovirus system. | in an effort to produce processed, soluble western equine encephalitis virus (weev) glycoproteins for subunit therapeutic vaccine studies, we isolated twelve recombinant baculoviruses designed to express four different weev glycoprotein constructs under the transcriptional control of three temporally distinct baculovirus promoters. the weev glycoprotein constructs encoded full-length e1, the e1 ectodomain, an e26ke1 polyprotein precursor, and an artificial, secretable e2e1 chimera. the three dif ... | 2011 | 21864686 |
| erratum to: the same ela class ii risk factors confer equine insect bite hypersensitivity in two distinct populations. | 2011 | 22159567 | |
| truth in basic biomedical science will set future mankind free. | it is self-evident that continued wellbeing and prosperity of our species in time to come depends upon a steady supply of major scientific and technologic innovations. however, major scientific and technical innovations are rare. as a rule, they grow only in the exceptionally fertile minds of men and women, who have fully mastered the underlying basic sciences. to waken their interest in science at an early critical age and to nurture and enhance that interest afterward, good textbooks at all le ... | 2011 | 21970156 |
| relationship of biosecuriy practices with the use of antibiotics for the treatment of infectious disease on u.s. equine operations. | this study is the first report estimating, on a national basis, the use of various biosecurity practices, singly and in combination, on u.s. equine operations. use of biosecurity practices is described for operations by risk level, based on reported exposure of resident horses to outside horses during the previous 12 months. in addition, the association between use of various biosecurity practices and use of antibiotics to treat infectious disease in both adult equids and foals is reported. the ... | 2011 | 22037392 |
| validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of glycopyrrolate in horse plasma. | a rapid, sensitive, and specific ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with heated electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (uhplc-hesi-ms-ms) method to detect and quantify glycopyrrolate in horse plasma has been developed and validated. we also determined glycopyrrolate in plasma after oral and intravenous administration of clinically relevant doses to thoroughbred horses. calibration was accomplished by weighted, linear regression analysis using a deuterated analogue of glycopy ... | 2011 | 22080904 |
| Incidence of support limb laminitis in horses treated with half limb, full limb or transfixation pin casts: a retrospective study of 113 horses (2000-2009). | To determine the incidence of support limb laminitis among horses treated with half limb, full limb or transfixation pin casts and determine potential risk factors. | 2011 | 22180947 |
| Erratum to: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Equine Fibroblasts. | 2011 | 21861068 | |
| synthesis and biological properties of conjugates between fluoroquinolones and a n3''-functionalized pyochelin. | pyochelin is a siderophore common to pseudomonas aeruginosa and several other pathogenic bacteria. a pyochelin functionalized at the n3'' position with a propyl-amine extension was previously synthesized. in the present work we proved that this analog binds fpta, the pyochelin outer membrane receptor, and transports iron(iii) efficiently into bacteria. this functionalized pyochelin seemed to be a good candidate for antibiotic vectorization in the framework of a trojan horse prodrug strategy. in ... | 2011 | 22052022 |
| effects of different media on proliferation and differentiation capacity of canine, equine and porcine adipose derived stem cells. | adult stem cells are of particular interest for therapeutic use in the field of regenerative medicine. adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ascs) are an attractive stem cell source for all fields of regenerative medicine because adipose tissue - and therewith cells - can easily be harvested from each donor. however, common expansion using fetal bovine serum (fbs) can not be used for clinical applications as xenogenic proteins must be avoided. adipose tissue from equine, canine and porcine don ... | 2011 | 21940026 |
| Outbreaks of Eastern equine encephalitis in northeastern Brazil. | Outbreaks of eastern equine encephalitis observed from May 2008 to August 2009 in the Brazilian states of Pernambuco, Ceará, and Paraíba are reported. The disease occurred in 93 farms affecting 229 equids with a case fatality rate of 72.92%. Main clinical signs were circling, depression or hyperexcitability, ataxia, and progressive paralysis with a clinical manifestation period of 3-15 days. Main histologic lesions were a diffuse lymphocytic encephalomyelitis with neuronal death, satellitosis, n ... | 2011 | 21908293 |
| Inhibition of dengue virus by targeting viral NS4B protein. | We report a novel inhibitor that selectively suppresses dengue virus (DENV) by targeting viral NS4B protein. The inhibitor was identified by screening a 1.8-million-compound library using a luciferase replicon of DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2). The compound specifically inhibits all four serotypes of DENV (50% effective concentration [EC(50)], 1 to 4 µM; and 50% cytotoxic concentration [CC(50)], >40 µM), but it does not inhibit closely related flaviviruses (West Nile virus and yellow fever virus) or n ... | 2011 | 21865382 |
| nuisance flies on australian cattle feedlots: immature populations. | species composition, seasonality and distribution of immature fly populations on a southern queensland feedlot during 2001-2003 were determined. similar data were collected on feedlots in central new south wales and central queensland. the fly species recovered in the highest numbers were musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae), stomoxys calcitrans l. (diptera: muscidae) and physiphora clausa macquart (diptera: ulidiidae). houseflies were the dominant species at all feedlots. houseflies preferred ... | 2011 | 22035065 |
| time to put the car-t before the horse. | 2011 | 22053170 | |
| Cloning of equine herpesvirus type 1 438/77 strain genome as a bacterial artificial chromosome. | Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is a major cause of respiratory and reproductive diseases in horses worldwide. The genome of EHV-1 strain 438/77 (isolated from an aborted equine fetus) was cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) in E. coli without any gene deletions. The mini-F plasmid sequence was inserted in the middle of ORF19 and 20 via homologous recombination following co-transfection of viral DNA and plasmid pE19_20/HA into RK13 cells. Circular viral DNA was extracted from RK1 ... | 2011 | 22059290 |
| Nictitating membrane resection in the horse: a comparison of long-term outcomes using local vs. general anaesthesia. | Neoplasia, for which surgical excision is a frequent treatment, is the most common disease of the equine nictitating membrane. There is little long-term follow-up information available to the practitioner regarding the long-term effects of nictitating membrane excision on ocular health. No information is available to compare recurrence of primary neoplasia of the nictitating membrane after excision with local or general anaesthesia. | 2011 | 22180953 |
| proteomic and biological characterization of the venom of the redtail coral snake, micrurus mipartitus (elapidae), from colombia and costa rica. | venoms of the redtail coral snake micrurus mipartitus from colombia and costa rica were analyzed by "venomics", a proteomic strategy to determine their composition. proteins were separated by rp-hplc, followed by sds-page, in-gel tryptic digestion, identification by maldi or esi tandem mass spectrometry, and assignment to known protein families by similarity. these analyses were complemented with a characterization of venom activities in vitro and in vivo. proteins belonging to seven families we ... | 2011 | 21963438 |
| european consensus on epidemiological studies of injuries in the thoroughbred horse racing industry. | 2011 | 22067282 | |
| computed tomographic findings in the pituitary gland and brain of horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. | pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (ppid) is the most common endocrinologic disorder of aged horses. | 2011 | 21985144 |
| the effect of intralesional injection of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow supernatant on collagen fibril size in a surgical model of equine superficial digital flexor tendonitis. | reasons for performing study: collagen fibril size is decreased in repair tissue following tendon injury compared to normal tendon matrix in horses. mesenchymal stem cells have been suggested to promote regeneration of tendon matrix rather than fibrotic repair following injury, although this concept remains unproven. objectives: to explore the hypothesis that implantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow into a surgically created central core defect in the superficia ... | 2011 | 22150794 |