Publications

effects of selenium diets on growth, accumulation and antioxidant response in juvenile carp.	an 8-week feeding trial was undertaken with cyprinus carpio to determine the effects of two commercial se diets (hse 1.0 mg kg⁻¹ and lse 0.25 mg kg⁻¹) on growth, accumulation and antioxidant response in juveniles at time 0, 30 and 60 days. hse carp had higher mean weight (w) values than lse group at 60 days and the fulton condition factor (k) indicated good fish health for both diet groups. among the investigated hse tissues, kidney and liver were mainly involved in se accumulation, whereas the ...	2011	20554323
detection of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 dna in lake plankton.	the disease caused by cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) severely impacts the natural freshwater ecosystem and damages carp and koi farming, however, the pathway of cyhv-3 transmission remains unclear. it is possible that the virus adheres to plankton, which then facilitate viral movement and transmission, and therefore, it is hypothesised that plankton are involved in the disease dynamics. in this study, plankton were collected at eight sites in the iba-naiko lagoon; we detected and quantified cyh ...	2011	20692005
vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) overexpression increases hypoxia tolerance in zebrafish (danio rerio).	aquaculture farming may benefit from genetically engineering fish to tolerate environmental stress. here, we used the vector pcvcg expressing the vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) gene driven by the common carp β-actin promoter to create stable transgenic zebrafish. the survival rate of the 7-day-old f(2) transgenic fish was significantly greater than that of the sibling controls under 2.5% o(2) (dissolved oxygen (do), 0.91 mg/l). meanwhile, we investigated the relative expression levels of several ...	2011	20694827
immunostimulatory activities of specific bacterial secondary metabolite of anoxybacillus flavithermus strain sx-4 on carp, cyprinus carpio.	aims: to determine the capacity of secondary metabolite of strain sx-4, to enhance the nonspecific immunity and survival of carp (cyprinus carpio), and to identify the constituents that are responsible. methods and results: a thermophilic strain sx-4 that is able to produce immunostimulatory metabolite was isolated from sludge sample of hot spring and identified by comparison with 16s rrna sequences (99% of homology) as anoxybacillus flavithermus. bioactivity-guided fractionation of methanol e ...	2011	21294820
a novel soluble immune-type receptor (sitr) in teleost fish: carp sitr is involved in the nitric oxide-mediated response to a protozoan parasite.	the innate immune system relies upon a wide range of germ-line encoded receptors including a large number of immunoglobulin superfamily (igsf) receptors. different ig-like immune receptor families have been reported in mammals, birds, amphibians and fish. most innate immune receptors of the igsf are type i transmembrane proteins containing one or more extracellular ig-like domains and their regulation of effector functions is mediated intracellularly by distinct stimulatory or inhibitory pathway ...	2011	21305002
destabilization of carp mrnas by aloe-emodin contributes to caspase-8-mediated p53-independent apoptosis of human carcinoma cells.	using short hairpin rna against p53, transient ectopic expression of wild-type p53 or mutant p53 (r248w or r175h), and a p53- and p21-dependent luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that growth arrest and apoptosis of fadu (human pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma), hep3b (hepatoma), and mg-63 (osteosarcoma) cells induced by aloe-emodin (ae) are p53-independent. co-immunoprecipitation and small interfering rna (sirna) studies demonstrated that ae caused s-phase cell cycle arrest by inducing ...	2011	21308745
a comparative review on european-farmed finfish rna viruses and their vaccines.	the diseases causing the highest ecological and socio-economical impacts in european farmed finfish are produced by rna viruses. salmon, trout, sea bream, sea bass, carp and turbot, suffer viral nervous necrosis produced by betanodaviruses (vnnv), infectious pancreatic necrosis produced by aquabirnaviruses (ipnv), viral haemorrhagic septicemia (vhsv) and infectious haematopoietic necrosis (ihnv) produced by novirhabdoviruses, spring viremia of carp produced by vesicular-like rhabdoviruses (svcv) ...	2011	21320546
immunostimulatory activities of a decapeptide derived from alcaligenes faecalis fy-3 to crucian carp.	a strain was isolated from a soil sample collected from weihe river in shaanxi province (108°03'e 34°14'n), which was identified as alcaligenes faecalis by 16s rrna analysis. a compound m showing potent immune activity was isolated from secondary metabolites of the strain through bioassay-guided isolation techniques. the structure of the compound m was elucidated using ft-ir, ei-ms, 1h nmr and 13c nmr spectra and identified as cyclo-(l-pro-gly)5 which was first time reported as a natural product ...	2011	21332568
ultrastructural aspects of spermatogenesis, testes, and vas deferens in the parthenogenetic tapeworm atractolytocestus huronensis anthony, 1958 (cestoda: caryophyllidea), a carp parasite from slovakia.	spermatogenesis, testes, and vas deferens in the parthenogenetic monozoic tapeworm atractolytocestus huronensis anthony, 1958 (cestoda: caryophyllidea) from slovakia, parasitizing the carp cyprinus carpio l., have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy for the first time. the present results show that helminths with parthenogenetic and normal reproduction may share some common spermatology features, e.g., dense cytoplasm of the peripherally localized spermatogonia or a ro ...	2011	20838810
indian carp (labeo rohita) gall bladder poisoning-report of four cases in a single family.	the ingestion of indian carp gallbladder may result in transient hepatitis with subsequent acute renal failure. this case series also illustrates the importance of understanding the use and potential serious complications of alternative medicines. so fish gallbladder poisoning should be considered in unexplained acute renal failure in chinese and asian patients. we report four family members who developed acute renal failure and toxic hepatitis at the same time following ingestion of raw indian ...	2011	21207198
population study of atractolytocestus huronensis (cestoda: caryophyllidea), an invasive parasite of common carp introduced to europe: mitochondrial cox1 haplotypes and intragenomic ribosomal its2 variants.	the invasive monozoic tapeworm atractolytocestus huronensis, a specific parasite of common carp, was originally found and described in the north american continent. it has been introduced to europe and reported in several countries in the last 15 years, as well. in the current study, tapeworms from one north american (usa) and five european localities (united kingdom/uk, slovakia, hungary, croatia, and romania) were subjected to molecular analyses in order to determine the level of intrapopulati ...	2011	21210151
identification of genes that elicit disuse muscle atrophy via the transcription factors p50 and bcl-3.	skeletal muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition associated with weakness, fatigue, and reduced functional capacity. nuclear factor-kappab (nf-κb) transcription factors play a critical role in atrophy. knockout of genes encoding p50 or the nf-κb co-transactivator, bcl-3, abolish disuse atrophy and thus they are nf-κb factors required for disuse atrophy. we do not know however, the genes targeted by nf-κb that produce the atrophied phenotype. here we identify the genes required to produce disu ...	2011	21249144
conservation of characteristics and functions of cd4 positive lymphocytes in a teleost fish.	the presence of helper and cytotoxic t cells in fish has been suggested, although t cell subsets have yet to be identified at the cellular level. in order to investigate the functions of cd4 and cd8a positive t cells we attempted to produce and characterize monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against teleost cd4 and cd8a. here we report the successful production of mabs against cd4 and cd8a in clonal ginbuna crucian carp carassius auratus langsdorfii and the function of cd4 positive t cells. in this st ...	2011	21272597
specific and nonspecific immunostimulation study of euphorbia hirta on pseudomonas fluorescens-infected cyprinus carpio.	infectious diseases are one of the major factors affecting the production of fish worldwide. the pathogens (especially bacteria) affect the immune system of fish and the administration of immunostimulants can increase resistance to infectious diseases by enhancing both specific and nonspecific defense mechanisms.	2011	21385104
generation and characterization of koi herpesvirus recombinants lacking viral enzymes of nucleotide metabolism.	koi herpesvirus (khv) causes a fatal disease in koi and common carp, but no reliable and genetically characterized vaccines are available up to now. therefore, we generated khv recombinants possessing deletions within the viral ribonucleotide reductase (rnr), thymidine kinase (tk), dutpase, or tk and dutpase genes, and their corresponding rescuants. all khv mutants were replication competent in cultured cells. whereas plaque sizes and titers of rnr-negative khv were reduced, replication of the o ...	2011	21387205
toll-like receptors in bony fish: from genomics to function.	receptors that recognize conserved pathogen molecules are the first line of cellular innate immunity defense. toll-like receptors (tlrs) are the best understood of the innate immune receptors that detect infections in mammals. key features of the fish tlrs and the factors involved in their signaling cascade have high structural similarity to the mammalian tlr system. however, the fish tlrs also exhibit very distinct features and large diversity which is likely derived from their diverse evolutio ...	2011	21414346
immunomodulatory effects of secondary metabolites from thermophilic anoxybacillus kamchatkensis xa-1 on carp, cyprinus carpio.	a bacterial strain with putative immunomodulatory properties was isolated from xi'an hot springs in china. comparison of 16s rrna gene revealed a 97% similarity between the tested strain (designated xa-1) and anoxybacillus kamchatkensis. two compounds isolated from the secondary metabolites of xa-1 were identified by spectral data (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry) as: (1) cyclo (gly-l-pro) and (2) cyclo (l-ala-4-hydroxyl-l-pro). two cyclic dipeptides showed stimulatory ...	2011	21421057
antioxidative effects of n-acetylcysteine, lipoic acid, taurine, and curcumin in the muscle of cyprinus carpio l. exposed to cadmium.	we investigated the muscle tissue of a teleost cyprinus carpio l. to find out whether n-acetylcysteine (nac), alpha-lipoic acid (la), taurine (tau), and curcumin (cur) were able to counteract oxidative stress induced by acute exposure to cadmium (cd). the muscle tissue was dissected 96 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of cd (5 mg kg(-1)) and of antioxidant substances (50 mg kg(-1)). using spectrophotometry, we determined the glutathione redox status, lipid peroxidation levels and the a ...	2011	21421527
time-dependent oxidative stress and histopathological changes in cyprinus carpio l. exposed to microcystin-lr.	microcystins (mcs) are produced by cyanobacteria in aquatic environments and are a potential risk to aquatic organisms. increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress may play an important role in the toxicity mechanism of mcs on fish, but most studies were based on relatively high concentrations. in this study, the effect of time-dependent oxidative stress in livers of cyprinus carpio l. (c. carpio) exposed to 10 µg l(-1) of microcystin-lr (mc-lr) for 0-14 days was investigated. mc-lr induc ...	2011	21455607
candidate genes in patients with autoinflammatory syndrome resembling tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome without mutations in the tnfrsf1a gene.	tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor-associated periodic syndrome (traps) is an autosomal-dominant multisystemic autoinflammatory condition. patients display different mutations of the tnf receptor superfamily 1a gene (tnfrsf1a), coding for a nearly ubiquitous tnf receptor (tnfr1). no tnfrsf1a mutation has been identified in a proportion of patients with traps-like phenotype.	2011	21459945
water quality evaluation of two interconnected dam lakes with field-captured and laboratory-acclimated fish, cyprinus carpio.	karakaya and sultansuyu dam lakes, located in the eastern part of turkey, are important water sources, both for irrigation and fishery. the main goal of the study was to investigate water qualities of dam lakes using a set of biomarkers in the fish cyprinus carpio. for this aim, field sample and laboratory-acclimated fish were compared to identify changes in selected biomarkers. the activities of ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, glutathione s-transferase, glutathione reductase, and carboxylesterase ...	2011	21461606
genotoxicity of crude extracts of cyanobacteria from taihu lake on carp (cyprinus carpio).	genotoxicity of crude cyanobacteria extracts (cbe) from blooms in taihu lake, china toward common carp (cyprinus carpio) was measured. the primary extracellular product was determined by hplc to be microcystin-lr (mc-lr, l for leucine and r for arginine) with an average concentration of 2.4 × 10(2) μg mc g(-1) dry weight of cyanobacteria. acute toxicity to carp, expressed as the 72-h lc(50,) was 53 mg, dw cyanobacteria l(-1). genotoxicity, as determined by the micronucleus (mn) and comet assays ...	2011	21472455
recombinant outer membrane protein a (ompa) of edwardsiella tarda, a potential vaccine candidate for fish, common carp.	outer membrane protein a (ompa) is a component of the outer membrane of edwardsiella tarda and is wildly distributed in enterobacteriaceae family. the gene encoding the ompa protein was cloned from e. tarda and expressed in escherichia coli m15 cells. the recombinant ompa protein containing his(6) residues was estimated to have a molecular weight of ∼38kda. in western blot the native protein showed expression at ∼36kda molecular weight which was within the range of major outer membrane proteins ...	2011	21482086
bioaccumulation of microcystins by fish associated with a persistent cyanobacterial bloom in lago de patzcuaro (michoacan, mexico).	lago de patzcuaro is a historically important freshwater fishery in mexico. the lake is presently characterized by a persistent bloom of cyanobacteria, specifically dominated by recognized producers of toxic microcystins (mcysts). we evaluated mcysts in sestonic and dissolved fractions of the water column, as well as representative fish species (silversides, chirostoma spp.; goodea sp.; and carp, cyprinus carpio) obtained from local markets and small commercial catches during the bloom. samples ...	2011	21495029
isolation of enriched carp spermatogonial stem cells from labeo rohita testis for in vitro propagation.	the in vitro culture system for spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) is a powerful tool for exploring molecular mechanisms of male gametogenesis and gene manipulation. very little information is available for fish ssc biology. our aim was to isolate highly pure sscs from the testis of commercially important farmed carp, labeo rohita. the minced testis of l. rohita was dissociated with collagenase. dissociated cells purified by two-step ficoll gradient centrifugation followed by magnetic activated ce ...	2011	21496900
molecular characterization and different expression patterns of the muscle ankyrin repeat protein (marp) family during porcine skeletal muscle development in vitro and in vivo.	carp, ankrd2, and darp belong to the ankyrin repeat protein (marp) family and play a critical role in the integration of cytoskeletal architecture, stress response, and transcriptional regulation. in this study, we cloned the cdna and promoter sequences of porcine ankyrin repeat protein (marp) gene family. rt-pcr analysis revealed that porcine carp gene was predominantly expressed in heart. ankrd2 was widely expressed in many tissues, a high expression level was observed in the skeletal muscle a ...	2011	21500110
immunomodulating potency of lipopolysaccharides (lps) derived from smooth type of bacterial pathogens in indian major carp.	lipopolysaccharides (lps), the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria, are reported to stimulate the immunity of different vertebrates including fish. however, their potency and spectrum of actions often differ among different bacteria. in this study, effect of crude lps, derived from three species of smooth gram-negative bacterial fish pathogens viz. edwardsiella tarda, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas fluorescens, on certain innate immune parameters of indian major carp, labeo rohita wa ...	2011	21507588
organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyls levels in fish and mussel in van region, turkey.	forty-seven fish (24 endemic alburnus tarichi, güldenstädt, 1814; 8 capoeta capoeta, guldenstaedt, 1772; 15 mirror carp cyprinus carpio, l., 1758) and 13 mussel (unio stevenianus, krynicki, 1837) samples, with 10 specimens per sample, were collected from van lake, turkey, and rivers flowing into it. gamma-hch was detected in 21 alburnus tarichi samples (56.57 ng/g ± 22.18 ng/g) and in two capoeta capoeta samples (27.6 ng/g and 36.45 ng/g). beta-hch was detected in 8 alburnus tarichi samples (24. ...	2011	21516453
visualizing a set of olfactory sensory neurons responding to a bile salt.	in the present study, we exposed the olfactory epithelia of crucian carp, carassius carassius, and brown trout, salmo trutta, to dextran coupled with alexa dyes together with odorants. dye uptake was severely reduced after pre-exposure to nocodazole, an inhibitor of microtubule polymerization that impairs endocytosis, supporting the hypothesis that odour-activated olfactory receptor molecules undergo endocytosis. application of the bile acid taurolithocholate, a potent and specific odorant for f ...	2011	21147971
transmission of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) from goldfish to naïve common carp by cohabitation.	cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) has spread worldwide and has had a major impact on koi and common carp production. previous studies on the host range of the cyhv-3 found that fish species other than koi and common carp are fully resistant to natural virus exposure. recently, cyhv-3 was detected in goldfish (carassius auratus auratus) that were in contact with cyhv-3 infected koi. in the present study, a specific rt-pcr product was amplified from the viral thymidine kinase gene in gills, intestin ...	2011	20723951
influence of a toxic microcystis aeruginosa strain on glutathione synthesis and glutathione-s-transferase activity in common carp cyprinus carpio (teleostei: cyprinidae).	we evaluated the effects of aqueous extracts of the cyanobacterium-producing microcystin (mc), microcystis aeruginosa (strain rst9501), on detoxification capacity and glutathione (gsh) synthesis in liver, brain, gill, and muscle-as well as apoptotic protease (calpain) activity in liver and brain-in the common carp cyprinus carpio (teleostei: cyprinidae). experimental groups were defined as follows: (1) control (ctr); (2) carp treated with an aqueous extract from the toxic cyanobacteria m. aerugi ...	2011	20809345
transmission dynamics of an emerging infectious disease in wildlife through host reproductive cycles.	emerging infectious diseases are major threats to wildlife populations. to enhance our understanding of the dynamics of these diseases, we investigated how host reproductive behavior and seasonal temperature variation drive transmission of infections among wild hosts, using the model system of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) disease in common carp. our main findings were as follows: (1) a seroprevalence survey showed that cyhv-3 infection occurred mostly in adult hosts, (2) a quantitative assay ...	2011	20740025
perforin-dependent cytotoxic mechanism in killing by cd8 positive t cells in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.	t cell-mediated cytotoxicity occurs via pathways based on perforin or fas mechanisms. perforin is a protein present in the cytoplasmic granules of cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes and is secreted to form pores on target cell membranes. in fish, although the involvement of perforin in cytotoxicity have been suggested for several species, perforin-mediated cytotoxicity of cd8α(+) lymphocyte in conjunction with expression of the perforin gene has not been reported. in order to investigate the killing ...	2011	20813128
effects of montmorillonite on alleviating dietary cd-induced oxidative damage in carp (carassius auratus).	the present study was designed to investigate the effects of montmorillonite (mmt) on dietary cd-induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney of carp (carassius auratus). one hundred eighty carp were randomly divided into four groups and fed with a basal diet, a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% mmt, cd-comtaminated basal diet (120 mg cd/kg dry weight) and cd-contaminated basal diet supplemented with 0.5% mmt, respectively. after 60 days, fish were sacrificed to measure malondialdehyde (mda) con ...	2011	20532670
fish mita serves as a mediator for distinct fish ifn gene activation dependent on irf3 or irf7.	in mammals, cytosolic sensors retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-like receptors (rlrs) activate multiple signaling cascades initiating ifn-α/β expression. ifn regulatory factor 3 (irf3) is required for the activation of ifn-β, which, in turn, primes the expression of most ifn-α genes by ifn-induced irf7 through the stat1 pathway. in fish, rig-i overexpression inhibits virus infection by induction of ifn response; however, the subtle signaling cascade mechanism remains to be identified. in th ...	2011	21795596
evaluation of emamectin benzoate for the control of experimentally induced infestations of argulus sp. in goldfish and koi carp.	the effect of 0.2% emamectin benzoate (slice; intervet/ schering-plough animal health, roseland, new jersey) administered in top-dressed, pelleted commercial fish feed was evaluated for control of freshwater argulus sp. in goldfish carassius auratus and koi carp, a variant of common carp cyprinus carpio, in freshwater aquaria at 24-25 degrees c. sixteen individually housed goldfish were each exposed to 37 argulus. the number of fish lice attached to each fish at the start of the experiment was n ...	2011	21699134
massive production of all-female diploids and triploids in the crucian carp.	in many species of aquaculture importance, all-female and sterile populations possess superior productivity due to faster growth and a relatively homogenous size of individuals. however, the production of all-female and sterile fish in a large scale for aquaculture is a challenge in practice, because treatments necessary for gynogenesis induction usually cause massive embryonic and larval mortality, and the number of induced gynogens is too small for their direct use in aquaculture. here we repo ...	2011	21547066
[phylogenetic relationships of silver crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio, c. auratus cuvieri, crucian carp c. carassius, and common carp cyprinus carpio as inferred from mitochondrial dna variation].	pcr-rflp analysis of the nd3/nd4l/nd4 and 12s/16s rrna regions and nucleotide sequence variation of the cytochrome b gene were used to study the mtdna divergence in species of the family cyprinidae, to examine the phylogenetic relationships of the species, and to identify their taxonomic status. the results indicated that an ancestral form diverged into silver crucian carp and crucian carp after its separation from the common carp lineage. the divergence of continental carassius auratus gibelio ...	2011	21542306
identification of triploid individuals and clonal lines in carassius auratus complex using microsatellites.	the carassius auratus complex in natural populations includes diploid triploid and polyploidy individuals. diploid individuals belong to the species carassius auratus whereas triploid and polyploidy individuals are from the subspecies carassius auratus gibelio. triploid individuals are all female and reproduce clonally by gynogenesis. therefore the carassius auratus complex is an ideal system for studying evolution of unisexual reproduction. identification of triploid individuals and clonal line ...	2011	21448338
pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in crucian carp (carassius auratus cuvieri) after a single intramuscular or oral administration.	the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (ff) was studied in plasma after a single dose (40 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or oral gavage (p.o.) administration to crucian carp (carassius auratus cuvieri) in freshwater at 25 °c. ten fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. the data were fitted to two-compartment open models follow both routes of administration. the estimates of total body clearance (cl(b) ), volume of distribution (v(d) /f), and absorption half-life (t(1/2(ka)) ) were 0. ...	2011	21443750
the effects of temperature on metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in juveniles of three cyprinid fish (carassius auratus, cyprinus carpio and spinibarbus sinensis).	to test whether the effects of temperature on the metabolic mode changed among different fish species, we investigated the specific dynamic action (sda) and swimming performance of fasting and fed fish at 15 and 25°c in three juvenile cyprinidae fish species: goldfish (carassius auratus), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and qingbo (spinibarbus sinensis). both taxon and temperature had significant effects on the resting oxygen consumption rate (m˙o(rest)), sda and swimming performance (p<0.05). in ...	2011	21440661
the interactive effects of hypoxemia, hyperoxia, and temperature on the gill morphology of goldfish (carassius auratus).	acclimation of crucian carp and goldfish to temperatures below 15°c causes covering of the gill lamellae by a mass of cells termed the interlamellar cell mass (ilcm). here we explore the cues underlying gill remodeling (removal or growth of an ilcm) and specifically test the hypotheses that 1) depletion of internal o(2) stores in the absence of any change in external o(2) status can trigger the removal of the ilcm in goldfish acclimated to 7°c, 2) exposing fish acclimated to 25°c to an abundance ...	2011	21411769
mercury concentrations are low in commercial fish species of lake ziway, ethiopia, but stable isotope data indicated biomagnification.	stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ(15)n) and carbon (δ(13)c), complemented by stomach content data, were used to assess the food web structure and trophic transfer of mercury (hg) in four commercial fish species of lake ziway, ethiopia: nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus), catfish (clarias gariepinus), tilapia zillii, and golden carp (carassius auratus). total mercury (thg in mg kg(-1), ww) concentrations were low, with mean values of 0.033, 0.034, 0.025, and 0.011, in c. gariepinus, t. zilli ...	2011	21296421
coexistence of diploid, triploid and tetraploid crucian carp (carassius auratus) in natural waters.	crucian carp (abbreviated cc) belongs to the genus of carassius within the family of cyprinidae. it has been one of the most important freshwater species for chinese aquaculture and is especially abundant in the dongting water system of hunan province. cc used to be considered as all diploid forms. however, coexistence of diploid (abbreviated 2ncc), triploid (abbreviated 3ncc) and tetraploid crucian carp (abbreviated 4ncc) population of the dongting water system was first found by our recently r ...	2011	21276259
towards the conservation of crucian carp carassius carassius: understanding the extent and causes of decline within part of its native english range.	the extent and causes of crucian carp carassius carassius decline were assessed during an initial study of c. 25 ponds in north norfolk, eastern england, u.k., which was then replicated (a validation study) on another c. 25 ponds in an adjacent area. of these ponds, c. 40 are known to have contained c. carassius during the 1970s-1980s. in the initial and validation studies, c. carassius were found in only 11 of these ponds, yielding declines of 76% (five of 21 ponds) and 68% (six of 19 ponds), r ...	2011	22136242
[effect of insulin on some characteristics of the food-procuring activity of the crucian carp carassius carassius].		2011	20583586
intrinsic contractile properties of the crucian carp (carassius carassius) heart during anoxic and acidotic stress.	the crucian carp (carassius carassius) seems unique among vertebrates in its ability to maintain cardiac performance during prolonged anoxia. we investigated whether this phenomenon arises in part from a myocardium tolerant to severe acidosis or because the anoxic crucian carp heart may not experience a severe extracellular acidosis due to the fish's ability to convert lactate to ethanol. spontaneously contracting heart preparations from cold-acclimated (6-8°c) carp were exposed (at 6.5°c) to gr ...	2011	21795637
the detection of 3 leptin receptor isoforms in crucian carp gill and the influence of fasting and hypoxia on their expression.	to understand leptin signaling pathway in the crucian carp (carassius carassius), we cloned 3 leptin receptor isoform complementary dnas (ie, the long form [cclpr-l], the short form [cclpr-s1], and the secreted form [cclpr-s2]). variant cclpr-l had a 3,255-bp open reading frame and a complete intracellular domain with box 1 and box 2 consensus sequences. by contrast, cclpr-s1 contained only 4 amino acids in its intracellular domain, without the "box 1" motif, which is conserved among membrane-bo ...	2011	21741575
silver nanoparticles disrupt olfaction in crucian carp (carassius carassius) and eurasian perch (perca fluviatilis).	the present study investigates the effect of silver nanoparticles on olfaction in crucian carp (carassius carassius) and eurasian perch (perca fluviatilis). the electro-olfactogram (eog) signal was recorded by stimulating the olfactory epithelium with pulses of the odorant l-alanine during the pre-exposure, silver exposure and recovery periods, respectively. the nanosilver suspension concentrations applied were 0.00, 0.45 and 45 μg l⁻¹, respectively. secondly, to compare the toxicity of silver n ...	2011	21570937
seasonality of glycogen phosphorylase activity in crucian carp (carassius carassius l.).	seasonal changes in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase (gp), a rate-limiting enzyme of glycogen degradation, were examined in an anoxia-tolerant fish species, the crucian carp (carassius carassius l.). in muscle and brain, the activity of gp remained constant throughout the year when tested at 25°c. in contrast, the activities of liver and heart gp displayed striking increases in summer. when seasonal temperature changes are taken into account, the activity of gp during the anoxic mid-winter ...	2011	21512743
thermal adaptation of the crucian carp (carassius carassius) cardiac delayed rectifier current, iks, by homomeric assembly of kv7.1 subunits without mink.	ectothermic vertebrates experience acute and chronic temperature changes which affect cardiac excitability and may threaten electrical stability of the heart. nevertheless, ectothermic hearts function over wide range of temperatures without cardiac arrhythmias, probably due to special molecular adaptations. we examine function and molecular basis of the slow delayed rectifier k(+) current (i(ks)) in cardiac myocytes of a eurythermic fish (carassius carassius l.). i(ks) is an important repolarizi ...	2011	21508292
body mass dependence of glycogen stores in the anoxia-tolerant crucian carp (carassius carassius l.).	glycogen is a vital energy substrate for anaerobic organisms, and the size of glycogen stores can be a limiting factor for anoxia tolerance of animals. to this end, glycogen stores in 12 different tissues of the crucian carp (carassius carassius l.), an anoxia-tolerant fish species, were examined. glycogen content of different tissues was 2-10 times higher in winter (0.68-18.20% of tissue wet weight) than in summer (0.12-4.23%). in scale, bone and brain glycogen stores were strongly dependent on ...	2011	21279319
mutagenic impact on fish of runoff events in agricultural areas in south-west france.	when heavy rainfall follows herbicide application, the intense surface runoff causes stream water contamination. aquatic organisms are then briefly exposed to a complex mixture of contaminants. the aim of the present study is to investigate the genotoxic impact of such events on fish. a model fish, the crucian carp (carassius carassius) was exposed in controlled conditions, for 4 days, to water sampled daily in the save river (france). the watershed of this stream is representative of agricultur ...	2011	20970859
neural regulation of dark-induced abundance of arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aanat) and melatonin in the carp (catla catla) pineal: an in vitro study.	in all the vertebrates, synthesis of melatonin and its rhythm-generating enzyme arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aanat) reaches its peak in the pineal during the night in a daily light-dark cycle, but the role of different neuronal signals in their regulation were unknown for any fish. hence, the authors used specific agonist and antagonists of receptors for different neuronal signals and regulators of intracellular calcium (ca(2+)) and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (camp) in vitro to ...	2011	21777116
hematological, biochemical and ionoregulatory responses of indian major carp catla catla during chronic sublethal exposure to inorganic arsenic.	in the present study the acute toxicity of arsenic trioxide in fingerlings of catla catla an indian major carp was evaluated with renewal bioassay method. the median lethal concentration of arsenic trioxide to the fish c. catla for 96 h was found to be 20.41 ppm (with 95% confidence limits). from this a non-lethal dose of (2.041 ppm; 1/10th of lc 50 96 value) was selected and fingerlings were exposed to 35 d and hematological, biochemical and ionoregulatory responses were studied at days 7, 14, ...	2011	21094981
mass mortality of pond-reared carassius gibelio caused by myxobolus ampullicapsulatus in china.	from june to august 2009, allogynogenetic silver crucian carp carassius gibelio (bloch) pond-cultured at the nanquan experimental station, china, were found to be heavily infected with myxosporeans, which caused mortalities ranging from 33% (13/40) to 90% (36/40) in the cages. the pharynxes of infected fish were swollen, nodular, and severely damaged. based on morphological characters and 18s small subunit ribosomal dna sequence similarity, the myxosporean was identified as myxobolus ampullicaps ...	2011	21516979
biota-sediment accumulation factors for dechlorane plus in bottom fish from an electronic waste recycling site, south china.	biota-sediment accumulation factors (bsafs) for dechlorane plus (dp), a highly chlorinated flame retardant, were determined in three bottom fish species, i.e., crucian carp, mud carp, and northern snakehead from an electronic waste recycling site in south china. the average bsafs are 0.007, 0.01, and 0.06 for syn-dp, and 0.003, 0.025, and 0.001 for anti-dp in crucian carp, mud carp, and northern snakehead, respectively, suggesting low bioaccumulation potential of dp isomers in these fish. howeve ...	2011	21705082
comparing the levels of trace metal from two fish species harvested from treated waste water in pretoria, south africa.	the persistent problem of water scarcity with the ever increasing demand of water has necessitated the reuse of effluent in agriculture. the present study evaluated the reuse of treated waste water and bioaccumulation properties of two fish species from a manmade lake. trace metals content of two fish species: clarias gariepinus and cyprinus carpio and levels of trace metals from waste water in the lake where the fish species were harvested were determined by inductive couple plasma-optical emis ...	2011	22303642
bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (pops) in fish species from lake koka, ethiopia: the influence of lipid content and trophic position.	the concentrations and bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (pops) were determined in four fish species from lake koka, ethiopia, representing 2-3 levels in the food chain of the lake. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (ddts), endosulfans, polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and chlorpyrifos were identified, with ddts as the most predominant pesticide, with concentration ranging from 0.05 to 72.53ngg(-1) wet weight (ww). all fish tissue samples collected from different species of the lak ...	2011	21978619
sequence variation and secondary structure analysis of the first ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its-1) between cyprinus carpio carpio and c. carpio haematopterus.		2011	20848177
protective effect of zinc on related parameters to bone metabolism in common carp fish (cyprinus carpio l.) intoxified with cadmium.	the short term effects of waterborne cadmium (cd(+2)) on the levels of serum parameters related to bone metabolism including calcium (ca), inorganic phosphorus (p(i)) and alkaline phosphatase (alp) in common carp fish (cyprinus carpio l.) were studied. fish were treated with varying concentrations of cd(+2) (0.22, 1.1 and 2.2 mg l(-1)) daily for 14 days. the results obtained show that serum p(i) and alp concentrations were elevated by increasing cd(+2) concentration in water containing fish wher ...	2011	20839051
clonal growth of carp (cyprinus carpio) t cells in vitro.	carp kidney leukocytes co-cultured with a supporting cell layer resulted in the rapid proliferation of various types of leukocytes including immature leukocytes. expressions of marker genes for multiple blood cell lineages were observed in the primary culture. however, after several passages, the proliferating cells expressed only t cell and macrophage marker genes. further rt-pcr analysis revealed that the proliferating cells expressed tcr constant regions (cα, cβ, cγ, cδ), cd3γ/δ and cd4 (cd4l ...	2011	20875447
concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in some edible fish species from the shadegan marshes (iran).	concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), and organochlorine pesticides (ocps), such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) and analogs, hexachlorocyclohexanes (hchs) and hexachlorobenzene (hcb), were determined in 8 fish species collected during october and november 2007 from the largest iranian wetland, the shadegan marshes. fishes were selected on the basis of their importance in the local diet and feeding behavior. in all samples, ocps were found in higher concentrations than pcb ...	2011	21168210
exposure to tebuconazol in rice field and laboratory conditions induces oxidative stress in carp (cyprinus carpio).	pesticides can have an effect on the biochemical and physiological functions of living organisms. the changes seen in fish and their response to pesticides can be used as an example for vertebrate toxicity. in this study, carp fish (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to different concentrations of tebuconazol fungicide, by rice field (31.95 μg/l) and laboratory (33.47 and 36.23 μg/l) conditional testing, during a 7 day period. parameters such thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels (tbars), pro ...	2011	20888428
genetic linkage mapping and analysis of muscle fiber-related qtls in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	a genetic linkage map of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) was constructed using type i and type ii microsatellite markers and a pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. the microsatellite markers were isolated from microsatellite-enriched genomic libraries and tested for their segregation in a full-sib mapping panel containing 92 individuals. a total of 161 microsatellite loci were mapped into 54 linkage groups. the total lengths of the female, male and consensus maps were 2,000, 946, and 1,852 cm, wi ...	2011	20886255
genotoxic and cytotoxic effects induced by aluminum in the lymphocytes of the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	few studies have been made in regard to the effect of aluminum on the molecular and cellular structure and function of aquatic organisms; therefore, in the present report we determined the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects induced by the metal on the lymphocytes of carp (cyprinus carpio). three groups of fish were exposed to 0.05, 120, and 239 mg/l of aluminum (al), respectively, by using al₂ (so₄)₃·7h₂o, and another group was included as control. the cells obtained were studied with the comet ass ...	2011	20883821
changes of globin expression in the japanese medaka (oryzias latipes) in response to acute and chronic hypoxia.	fishes live in an aquatic environment with low or temporally changing o(2) availability. variations in o(2) levels require many anatomical, behavioral, physiological, and biochemical adaptations that ensure the uptake of an adequate amount of o(2). some fish species are comparatively well adapted to tolerate low o(2) partial pressure (hypoxia). the japanese ricefish medaka (oryzias latipes) is an important model organism for biomedical research that shows remarkable tolerance towards hypoxia. we ...	2011	20963423
haematopoiesis in the head kidney of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.): a morphological study.	the morphogenesis of head kidney haematopoietic cells in common carp has been shown to be very similar to that of higher vertebrates. the erythropoietic series consisted of the erythroblasts (basophilic, polychromatic and orthochromic), young erythrocyte and erythrocyte. the morphological changes that occur during maturation process are reduction in size and further increase at mature stage, gradual chromatin condensation and the increase in haemoglobin content. maturation stages of neutrophils ...	2011	20960053
molecular cloning and differential expression patterns of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase and manganese superoxide dismutase in hypophthalmichthys molitrix.	copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cu,zn-sod) cdna and manganese superoxide dismutase (mn-sod) cdna were first cloned from silver carp hypophthalmichthys molitrix using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. the open reading frame (orf) of cu,zn-sod is 465 bp and encodes a 154 amino acids (aa) protein, whereas the orf of mn-sod is 675 bp and encodes a 224 aa protein. multiple polypeptide sequence alignment showed high identity ...	2011	21112403
enlarged gold-tipped silicon microprobe arrays and signal compensation for multi-site electroretinogram recordings in the isolated carp retina.	in order to record multi-site electroretinogram (erg) responses in isolated carp retinae, we utilized three-dimensional (3d), extracellular, 3.5-μm-diameter silicon (si) probe arrays fabricated by the selective vapor-liquid-solid (vls) growth method. neural recordings with the si microprobe exhibit low signal-to-noise (s/n) ratios of recorded responses due to the high-electrical-impedance characteristics of the small recording area at the probe tip. to increase the s/n ratio, we designed and fab ...	2011	21093247
construction and characterization of the bac library for common carp cyprinus carpio l. and establishment of microsynteny with zebrafish danio rerio.	a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library of common carp cyprinus carpio l. was constructed as a part of ongoing common carp genome project, which is aiming assembly of common carp genome. the library, containing a total of 92,160 bac clones with an average insert size of 141 kb, was constructed into the restriction site of hind iii on bac vector copycontrol pcc1bac, covering 7.7 x haploid genome equivalents. three dimension pools and superpools of the bac library were established and 23 p ...	2011	21088980
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of tlr9, myd88 and traf6 genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	induction of innate immune pathways is critical for early host defense, but there is limited understanding of how teleost fishes recognize pathogen molecules and activate these pathways. in mammals, cells of the innate immune system detect pathogenic molecular structures using pattern recognition receptors (prrs). tlr9 functions as a prr that recognizes cpg motifs in bacterial and viral dna and requires adaptor molecules myd88 and traf6 for signal transduction. here we report full-length cdna is ...	2011	21087670
hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of hibiscus sabdariffa extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte damage in cyprinus carpio.	the present study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of hibiscus sabdariffa extract on the carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4))-induced hepatocyte damage in fish and provide evidence as to whether it can be potentially used as a medicine for liver diseases in aquaculture. h. sabdariffa extract (100, 200, and 400 μg/ml) was added to the carp primary hepatocyte culture before (pre-treatment), after (post-treatment), and both before and after (pre- and post-treatment) the incuba ...	2011	21082285
consequences of the size structure of fish populations for their effects on a generalist avian predator.	size-structured interspecific interactions can shift between predation and competition, depending on ontogenetic changes in size relationships. i examined the effects of common carp (cyprinus carpio), an omnivorous fish, on the reproductive success of the red-necked grebe (podiceps grisegena), an avian gape-limited predator, along a fish size gradient created by stocking distinct age-cohorts in seminatural ponds. young-of-the-year (0+) carp were an essential food source for young grebes. only ad ...	2011	21153742
conservation defines functional motifs in the squint/nodal-related 1 rna dorsal localization element.	rna localization is emerging as a general principle of sub-cellular protein localization and cellular organization. however, the sequence and structural requirements in many rna localization elements remain poorly understood. whereas transcription factor-binding sites in dna can be recognized as short degenerate motifs, and consensus binding sites readily inferred, protein-binding sites in rna often contain structural features, and can be difficult to infer. we previously showed that zebrafish s ...	2011	21149265
removal of pollutants and reduction of bio-toxicity in a full scale chemical coagulation and reverse osmosis leachate treatment system.	removals of pollutants and toxic organic compounds and reduction in bio-toxicity of leachate along an operating full-scale leachate treatment system utilizing chemical coagulation, sand filtration, microfiltration (mf) and reverse osmosis (ro) membrane were evaluated. high pollutant removals were achieved mainly by coagulation and sand filtration. major toxic organic pollutants, i.e. dehp, dbp and bisphenol a were removed by 100%, 99.6% and 98.0%. acute toxicity test using water flea, nile tilap ...	2011	21147528
disrupting seasonality to control disease outbreaks: the case of koi herpes virus.	common carp accounts for a substantial proportion of global freshwater aquaculture production. koi herpes virus (khv), a highly virulent disease affecting carp that emerged in the late 1990s, is a serious threat to this industry. after a fish is infected with khv, there is a temperature dependent delay before it becomes infectious, and a further delay before mortality. consequently, khv epidemiology is driven by seasonal changes in water temperature. also, it has been proposed that outbreaks cou ...	2011	21145328
subcellular compartmentalization of tnf receptor-1 and cd95 signaling pathways.	receptors that belong to the family of death-receptors including tnf receptor-1 (tnf-r1), cd95 (fas, apo-1) and trail receptors (trail-r1, trail r2/dr4/dr5) transduce signals resulting in entirely different biological outcomes: they promote cell death via apoptosis but are also capable of inducing anti-apoptotic signals through the transcription factor nuclear factor nf-κb or activation of the proliferative mapk/erk protein kinase cascade resulting in cell protection and tissue regeneration. rec ...	2011	21144616
impact of pollutants on fish collected from different parts of shatt al-arab river: a histopathological study.	in this study, a total of 120 fish specimens of common carp (cyprinus carpio), were caught at four different stations in shatt al-arab (hareer, garmat ali, al-maqal and abual-khasib). the histological changes in the gills of fish were detected microscopically. results show that the shatt al-arab is polluted by some different sources of pollutants including power stations, paper industry, oil refineries, petrochemical industry, chemical fertilizer companies and the sewage system and overfishing a ...	2011	21140208
calcitonin-like immunoreactivity in the subcommissural organ-reissner's fiber complex of some freshwater and marine teleosts.	the subcommissural organ (sco) is a highly specialised circumventricular ependymal organ covering and penetrating the posterior commissure. the secretory products of the sco condense to form reissner's fiber (rf). because of its extensive secretory activity and the chemical properties of its secretion, the organ functions as similar to the neurosecretory cells. teleosts comprised of more than 20,000 extant species that show great diversity in terms of the form, habit and habitat. affinity of cal ...	2011	21184824
toxicological responses of cyprinus carpio exposed to the herbicide penoxsulam in rice field conditions.	cyprinus carpio fish were exposed to penoxsulam (ricer) in field conditions. the experiment in the rice field was carried out for 7, 21 and 72 days. oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant profile were studied. the acetylcholinesterase (ache) enzyme activity in the brain was increased after 7 days and reduced after 21 and 72 days of the experiment in the rice field. the ache activity in muscle was reduced only after 72 days of exposure. thiobarbituric acid-reactive species were increased in ...	2011	21204108
enzymatic-microwave assisted extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of selected veterinary antibiotics in fish and mussel samples.	a new method based on enzymatic-microwave assisted extraction prior to high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) has been developed for the determination of 11 antibiotics (drugs) and the main metabolites of five of them in fish tissue and mussel samples. the analysed compounds were sulfadiazine (sdi), n(4)-acetylsulfadiazine (ndi), sulfamethazine (smz), n(4)-acetylsulfamethazine (nmz), sulfamerazine (smr), n(4)-acetylsulfamerazine (nmr), sulfamethoxazole (smx), trimetroprim (tmp), amoxicill ...	2011	21190806
assessment of oxidative stress and metabolic changes in common carp (cyprinus carpio) acutely exposed to different concentrations of the fungicide tebuconazole.	the aim of this research is to determine the lethal concentration (lc(50-96 h)) of fungicide tebuconazole for common carp (cyprinus carpio) and to investigate the occurrence of oxidative stress and metabolic changes after acute exposure to different concentrations of tebuconazole. for this purpose, several parameters were assessed as whole-body levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (tbars), protein carbonyl, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione s-transferase, nonprotein thiols, ...	2011	21216437
histopathological effects and erod induction in common carp exposed to dietary heavy oil.	common carp, cyprinus carpio, was exposed to 1% and 5% dietary heavy oil for 2 weeks. higher polyaromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) accumulation induced higher hepatic erod activity in exposure groups compared with the control group. significant histological alternations were observed in the liver such as nuclear and cellular hypertrophy, accumulation of eosinophilic granules in cytoplasm, nuclear degeneration and fibrillar inclusion in cytoplasm. severe damage of the kidney was indicated by nuclear a ...	2011	21272936
neuroendocrine-immune interaction in fish: differential regulation of phagocyte activity by neuroendocrine factors.	coping with physical, chemical and biological disturbances depends on an extensive repertoire of physiological, endocrinological and immunological responses. fish provide intriguing models to study bi-directional interaction between the neuroendocrine and the immune systems. macrophages and granulocytes are the main actors in the first and rapid innate immune response. they are resident in different organs and are moreover rapidly recruited and activated upon infection. they act in response to r ...	2011	21262228
microsatellite analysis of different ploidy offspring of artificial gynogenesis in cyprinus carpio.	gynogenesis was induced by using uv-irradiated spermatozoa of blunt snout bream megalobrama amblycephala to activate eggs of common carp cyprinus carpio. the maternal genome was then duplicated by cold shock in 0 to 4° c cold water to retain the second polar body. two kinds of fry, normal fry and abnormal tortuous fry, were hatched. their dna content was measured by flow cytometry. the normal fry were identified as diploid, representing the successful gynogenesis in c. carpio whereas the abnorma ...	2011	21235552
quality and storage stability of extruded puffed corn-fish snacks during 6-month storage at ambient temperature.	cereal-based snacks are usually low in protein and other nutrients. increased health awareness of consumers has led the food industry to develop fortified snacks with functional ingredients. three types of extruded corn-fish snacks, containing 150 g kg(-1) carp mince and 150 g kg(-1) trout mince, 30 g kg(-1) freeze-dried saithe protein and a regular corn snack (control). were produced to study quality changes and storage stability of the products during 6-month storage at 27±2 °c.	2011	21384356
the influence of zinc and copper on the latency period for feeding and the food uptake in common carp, cyprinus carpio l.	in order to know the effect of zinc and copper pollution on in fish feeding behavior, the latency period for feeding and food uptake of common carp, cyprinus carpio l., yearlings were examined. it was shown that exposure to these metals (1 μmol/l) increased the search reaction time (the time taken to leave the starting chamber after its front wall was raised, t(1)), as well as latency period for feeding (t(2)). the significant increase of the first index was observed in 6h. in the presence of zi ...	2011	21371614
from molecules to management: adopting dna-based methods for monitoring biological invasions in aquatic environments.	recent technological advances have driven rapid development of dna-based methods designed to facilitate detection and monitoring of invasive species in aquatic environments. these tools promise to improve on traditional monitoring approaches by enhancing detection sensitivity, reducing analytical turnaround times and monitoring costs, and increasing specificity of target identifications. however, despite the promise of dna-based monitoring methods, the adoption of these tools in decision-making ...	2011	21353670
carp transferrin can protect spermatozoa against toxic effects of cadmium ions.	cadmium is a widespread heavy metal that enters the aquatic environment and affects many processes involved in fish reproduction such as sperm motility. fish seminal plasma proteins can protect spermatozoa against toxic effects of heavy metals. the objective of this study was to demonstrate the ability of a major carp seminal plasma protein-transferrin (tf) to bind cadmium ions and to neutralize the toxic effect of cadmium on carp sperm motility. to obtain a high quantity of carp seminal plasma ...	2011	21349348
a hybrid ant colony optimization algorithm for the extended capacitated arc routing problem.	the capacitated arc routing problem (carp) is representative of numerous practical applications, and in order to widen its scope, we consider an extended version of this problem that entails both total service time and fixed investment costs. we subsequently propose a hybrid ant colony optimization (aco) algorithm (hacoa) to solve instances of the extended carp. this approach is characterized by the exploitation of heuristic information, adaptive parameters, and local optimization techniques: tw ...	2011	21324786
supplemental diagnosis of a myxozoan parasite from common carp cyprinus carpio: synonymy of thelohanellus xinyangensis with thelohanellus kitauei.	thelohanellus kitauei egusa et nakajima, 1981, was described from common carp cyprinus carpio l. in japan. in china, a myxosporean infecting the intestinal tissue of the same host species was described as thelohanellus xinyangensis xie, gong, xiao, guo, li et guo, 2000, despite many similarities to t. kitauei. to examine the potential conspecificity of these species, a morphological and molecular investigation of t. xinyangensis was conducted. comparing myxospore morphology, the mean spore lengt ...	2011	21300440
zebrafish hsc70 promoter to express carp muscle-specific creatine kinase for acclimation under cold condition.	zebrafish (danio rerio) is used as a model system for in vivo studies. to expand the research scope of physical, biochemical and physiological studies, a cold-tolerant model of zebrafish was developed. the common carp (cyprinus carpio) muscle form of creatine kinase (ck, ec 2.7.3.2) can maintain enzymatic activity at a temperature of around 15°c. however, a cold-inducible promoter of zebrafish, hsc 70 (heat shock protein 70 cognate), is able to increase the expression of gene product by 9.8 fold ...	2011	21298478
species-specific differences and structure-activity relationships in the debromination of pbde congeners in three fish species.	previous studies have suggested that there may be species-specific differences in the metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) among different fish species. in this study, we investigated the in vitro hepatic metabolism of eleven individual pbde congeners (tri- through decabdes) in three different fish species: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio), and chinook salmon (o. tschwatcha). in addition, we evaluated the influence of pbde structural characterist ...	2011	21291240
identification of common carp innate immune genes with whole-genome sequencing and rna-seq data.	the common carp is a candidate model system for immunology research. using next-generation sequencing technology, we have generated a huge amount of sequence reads from the carp genome and transcriptome. currently, our aim is to identify carp genes involved in the development of the innate immune response, particularly tir domain-containing genes, from a preliminary genome assembly. to achieve this, we developed a comprehensive gene identification pipeline. this analysis allowed us to estimate t ...	2011	21908900
using ecological niche models to predict the abundance and impact of invasive species: application to the common carp.	in order to efficiently manage nonindigenous species (nis), predictive tools are needed to prioritize locations where they are likely to become established and where their impacts will be most severe. while predicting the impact of a nis has generally proved challenging, forecasting its abundance patterns across potential recipient locations should serve as a useful surrogate method of estimating the relative severity of the impacts to be expected. yet such approaches have rarely been applied in ...	2011	21516898
is invasion history a useful tool for predicting the impacts of the world's worst aquatic invasive species?	the ecological impact stemming from a biological invasion is the most poorly understood aspect of the invasion process. while forecasting methods are generally lacking, a potential means of predicting future impacts is to examine the effects caused by a nonindigenous species (nis) at previously invaded locations, i.e., its invasion history. however, given the context dependence of impact and the scarcity of data, it is uncertain whether invasion history can in fact be used to forecast the effect ...	2011	21516897
an electron microscopic analysis on the ultra structural abnormalities in sperm of the common carp cyprinus carpio l. inhabiting a polluted lake, umiam (meghalaya, india).	the present communication reports the ultra structural abnormalities in sperm of a fish species cyprinus carpio inhabiting a polluted lake, umiam in north-east india. transmission electron microscopy (tem) revealed absence of differentiation between head and midpiece (neck) of some sperm while scanning electron microscopy (sem) showed some sperm tails with highly reduced length and some sperm with folded tail. abnormal shape of some sperm head was also revealed by scanning electron microscopy. d ...	2011	21509904
thelohanellus toyamai (syn. myxobolus toyamai) infecting the gills of koi cyprinus carpio in the eastern united states.	a myxozoan resembling species of thelohanellus was isolated from the gills of koi (cyprinus carpio) cultured in north carolina. plasmodia measuring ∼200 µm in diameter contained tear-shaped myxospores containing a single pyriform polar capsule. the spore body was concave on one side, measuring 16.2 (14.7-16.8) µm long and 5.6 (4.5-6) µm wide. the polar capsule was 6.4 (5.8-7.2) µm long and 4.2 (3.4-4.6) µm wide, containing a polar filament coiled perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the spo ...	2011	21506862
genomic insight into the common carp (cyprinus carpio) genome by sequencing analysis of bac-end sequences.	common carp is one of the most important aquaculture teleost fish in the world. common carp and other closely related cyprinidae species provide over 30% aquaculture production in the world. however, common carp genomic resources are still relatively underdeveloped. bac end sequences (bes) are important resources for genome research on bac-anchored genetic marker development, linkage map and physical map integration, and whole genome sequence assembling and scaffolding.	2011	21492448