Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and hiv infection: diagnosis and treatment]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is one of the leading complications among hiv-infected patients. recent advances in pcp prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment have caused a decrease in pcp-related morbidity and mortality. despite these advances, pcp continues to be frequent in patients not known to be hiv-infected and in those patients with poor adherence to prophylactic regimens or severe immunosuppression. in typical cases diagnosis may be suspected by the patient's clinical presentation. c ... | 1998 | 9859618 |
| a randomized trial of n-acetylcysteine for prevention of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole hypersensitivity reactions in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis (ctn 057). canadian hiv trials network 057 study group. | hydroxylamine derivatives of sulfamethoxazole may be the reactive metabolites that cause adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx). the increased frequency of reactions observed in hiv-positive individuals is hypothesized to be due to systemic glutathione deficiency and a decreased ability to scavenge these metabolites. two hundred and thirty-eight patients were randomized to receive or not receive n-acetylcysteine (3 g of the 20% liquid solution) 1 hour before each dose of tm ... | 1998 | 9859964 |
| accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with induction and concomitant chemotherapy for inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer--impact of total treatment time. | tumour cell proliferation during conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (rt) can negatively influence the treatment outcome in patients with unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc). accelerated and hyperfractionated rt may therefore have an advantage over conventional rt. moreover, earlier studies have suggested improved survival with addition of cisplatin-based chemotherapy (ct). we present here the results of combined treatment with induction and concomitant ct and accelerated hyperf ... | 1998 | 9860311 |
| atovaquone compared with dapsone for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hiv infection who cannot tolerate trimethoprim, sulfonamides, or both. community program for clinical research on aids and the aids clinical trials group. | although trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the drug of choice for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, many patients cannot tolerate it and must switch to an alternative agent. | 1998 | 9862944 |
| [opportunistic infections in patients under highly concentrated antiretroviral therapy]. | variable results: the restoration of immunological competence following highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has led to promising results concerning cytomegalovirus viremia, atypical mycobacterium infections, and survival in patients treated for non-hodgkin's lymphomas. the beneficial effect of introducing antiproteases is less clear for other opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis and pyogenic infections. prophylaxis: in patients with a cd4 count above 240/mm3, it would appear po ... | 1998 | 9879332 |
| progression of pneumocystis carinii infection in an animal model. | the development of pneumocystis carinii infection in immunosuppressed rats is important not only in understanding the infection, but also as a source of p. carinii antigen for use in diagnostic serological tests. the aims of this study were to monitor the progression of p. carinii infection in the sprague dawley rat model and then determine parameters that indicate the maximum production of p. carinii antigen. seventeen sprague dawley rats were killed at intervals up to 9 weeks after the start o ... | 1998 | 9879974 |
| [good clinical practice in nebulization]. | a meeting on nebulization held in april 1997 defined good clinical practices. guidelines that were proposed pertained to the following: pneumatic and ultrasonic nebulizers; delivering circuit, occluded or not, the choice of the tip being done according to the disease to treat and to the drugs to be delivered; various functions, depending on the type of nebulizer; the particle size, as it will indicate which disease may be treated: between 2 and 6 microns for bronchi, between 0.5 et 3 microns for ... | 1998 | 9881205 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection, part ii. | the acceptance of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) among patients and health care providers has had a dramatic impact on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of many opportunistic infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). previously intractable opportunistic infections and syndromes are now far less common. in addition, effective antibiotic prophylactic therapies have had a profound impact on the risk of patients developing particular infections and on t ... | 1998 | 9883269 |
| [incidence of bacterial pneumonia in hiv-positive patients treated with preventive co-trimoxazole or pentamidine]. | besides pneumocystis carinii bacterial pathogens represent the most common aetiology of pulmonary infections in hiv-positive patients. however, the impact of pcp prophylaxis on the incidence of bacterial pneumonia in hiv-positive patients using pentamidine or co-trimoxazole is still unknown. | 1998 | 9885511 |
| a cluster of suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following intensive chemotherapy in a belfast haematology unit. | five cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were diagnosed in adult patients following intensive chemotherapy in the royal group of hospitals haematology unit, belfast, within a space of six months. the common features and the risk factors contributing to the increased susceptibility of these patients are discussed, as are the likely mechanisms of transmission of infection. | 1998 | 9885546 |
| [do seasonal changes have any influence on pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?]. | 1998 | 9887633 | |
| sensitivity and specificity of indirect immunofluorescence and grocott-technique in comparison with immunocytology (alkaline phosphatase anti alkaline phosphatase = apaap) for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii in broncho-alveolar lavage (bal). | the purpose of the study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the indirect method of immunofluorescence with the immunocytological technique of alkaline phosphatase anti alkaline phosphatase complex (apaap) for the detection of pneumocystis carinii by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in hiv-1 positive patients. - 83 hiv-1 positive patients with clinical presentations suggestive of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were included in the study. 28 samples were found pc-positive by immun ... | 1998 | 9889176 |
| early participation in an hiv cohort study slows disease progression and improves survival. the swiss hiv cohort study. | different levels of experience of physicians caring for patients with hiv infection have been found to be associated with differences in survival amongst their patients. we examined whether early participation in the swiss hiv cohort study (shcs), an ongoing prospective study with regular follow-up visits at specialized clinics, improved survival of hiv-infected patients. | 1998 | 9893101 |
| septic shock from mycobacterium tuberculosis after therapy for pneumocystis carinii. | septic shock resulting from mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb) occurs only rarely, even among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. we report a case of fulminant tb sepsis in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus infection. this case illustrates the hazards of corticosteroid use as a part of empirical treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, as well as the unique appearance of tb on chest x-ray films. | 1998 | 9588437 |
| prevention of infection due to pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9593116 | |
| drug evaluation of concurrent pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and mycobacterium avium complex infections in a rat model. | we present a new experimental model for the simultaneous evaluation of the activities of drugs against pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and mycobacterium avium complex infections. rats latently infected with p. carinii were challenged with the mo-1 strain of m. avium and then immunosuppressed with corticosteroids for 7 weeks. at week 5 the rh strain of t. gondii was intraperitoneally injected. organs were examined for the three pathogens after death or killing of the animals at week 7. w ... | 1998 | 9593128 |
| ocular opportunistic infection incidences among patients who are hiv positive compared to patients who are hiv negative. | the purpose of the study was to examine the incidence of ocular opportunistic infections among patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive compared to patients who are hiv negative. | 1998 | 9593394 |
| weight loss as a predictor of survival and disease progression in hiv infection. terry beirn community programs for clinical research on aids. | severe weight loss in hiv is associated with decreased length of survival. it is unclear whether mild weight loss is associated with an increased risk of death or opportunistic complications of hiv. participants in four interventional studies (n = 2382) conducted by a community-based clinical trials network were evaluated for percentage change in weight during their first 4 months in the study. proportional hazards models were performed for the occurrence of opportunistic complications and death ... | 1998 | 9593462 |
| nitrated sp-a does not enhance adherence of pneumocystis carinii to alveolar macrophages. | we investigated whether nitration of surfactant apoprotein (sp) a alters its ability to bind to mannose-containing saccharides on pneumocystis carinii and its potential role in the mediation of p. carinii adherence to alveolar macrophages. human sp-a was nitrated by incubation with tetranitromethane at ph 8.0 or synthetic peroxynitrite (onoo-) at ph 7.4, which resulted in significant nitration of tyrosines in its carbohydrate recognition domain [0.63 +/- 0.001 (se) and 1.25 +/- 0.02 mol nitrotyr ... | 1998 | 9843839 |
| [pneumonia caused by granulomatous pneumocystis carinii in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | a 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever and general fatigue. a chest roentgenogram on admission showed lobular opacities and ill-defined opacities in both lower lobes. the pneumonia was successfully treated with antibiotics. the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was diagnosed because elisa and pcr tests for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus were positive and the cd 4+ lymphocyte count was 39 per cubic millimeter. examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid r ... | 1998 | 9844388 |
| [7 new cases of hiv-2 infection recognized in madrid in 1996 and 1997]. | the infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (hiv-2) is endemic in western africa, where it is responsible for many of aids cases. in spain, 72 cases with hiv-2 until december 1997 had been reported, mainly in african immigrants. seven of these cases (4 males and 3 females) were identified during 1996 and 1997. five came from western africa and other two were spanish, one from alicant and the other from vigo. only one out of the seven patients presented clinical manifestations (pneumoc ... | 1998 | 9844454 |
| six-hour trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-graded challenge in hiv-infected patients. | hypersensitivity reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) are very common in hiv-infected patients, leading to drug discontinuation. however, it is the drug of choice as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1998 | 9847446 |
| [impact of zidovudine treatment and the pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in natural history of patients with hiv infection]. | early use of prophylactic regimens against pneumocystis carinii and zidovudine therapy, may have modified the natural history of patients with hiv-1 infection. we describe the incidence of opportunistic infections and analize the mortality rate in those patients to check the occurrence of any change in the above mentioned natural history. | 1998 | 9580410 |
| medical management of the pregnant woman infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and her child. | heterosexual contact and intravenous drug use continue to result in new cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection among adolescents and women of childbearing age. in north american and european surveys, 0.1% to 0.3% of childbearing women are infected with hiv; rates are 10 to 20 times higher in some inner-city areas. timely, comprehensive, and well-coordinated care of the pregnant hiv-infected mother offers a unique opportunity to significantly influence two lives simultaneo ... | 1998 | 9523401 |
| 2,4-diamino-6,7-dihydro-5h-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine analogues of trimethoprim as inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase. | three previously unreported (r,s)-2,4-diamino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) alkyl]-6,7-dihydro-5h-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidines 15a-c were synthesized as analogues of trimethoprim (tmp) and were tested as inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and rat liver dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). the length of the alkyl bridge between the cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine and trimethoxyphenyl moiety ranged from one in 15a to three carbons in 15c. the products were tested as competitive inhibitors of the ... | 1998 | 9526565 |
| pregnancy outcome in women with beta-thalassemia major and hiv infection. | to conduct a study of maternal and foetal outcome in pregnant transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia major (beta-tm) women with hiv-1 disease. | 1998 | 9578273 |
| a comparison of the pattern of interstitial pneumonitis following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation before and after the introduction of prophylactic ganciclovir therapy in 1989. | a comparison was made of the pattern of interstitial pneumonitis (ip) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation before and after the introduction of ganciclovir prophylaxis to minimize the risk of cytomegalovirus (cmv) disease in the st vincent's hospital bone marrow transplant program in 1989. a total of 456 recipients of allogeneic transplants were included. 280 received no prophylactic ganciclovir while 176 received prophylactic ganciclovir. the overall incidence of interstitial pneumo ... | 1998 | 9578309 |
| experimental evaluation of roxithromycin combined with dapsone or sulphamethoxazole on pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dual infections in a rat model. | we have developed a dual infection model in immunosuppressed rats for evaluating drugs against pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii, two important opportunistic pathogens in patients with aids. using this model, we reported that the macrolide roxithromycin was effective at a daily dose of 400 mg/kg in preventing the development of t. gondii infection but did not have a prophylactic effect against p. carinii in the same rats. a lower dose (200 mg/kg/day) had only marginal effects. extending ... | 1998 | 9579714 |
| molecular microbiology of pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9580034 | |
| [intestinal obstruction and necrotizing thyroiditis secondary to pneumocystis carinii infection in a seropositive hemophiliac patient seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus]. | we report a case of bowel infection by pneumocystis carinii (pc) that presented as an acute obstruction accompanied by intestinal hemorrhage (melena) in a hiv seropositive hemophilic patient. laparotomy followed by resection of two plaque-like jejunal tumors was performed, and intravenous therapy with pentamidine was initiated. no other organ was found to be affected by pc (not even the lung), with the exception of the thyroid gland. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case in which acu ... | 1998 | 9580151 |
| cross-reactivity in hiv-infected patients switched from trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to dapsone. | to evaluate the cross-reactivity of dapsone after a documented hypersensitivity reaction to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) during prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1998 | 9692656 |
| detection of parasites with dna-binding bisbenzimide h33258 in pneumocystis carinii- and leishmania-containing materials. | even for routine purposes, standard staining of pneumocystis- or leishmania-containing materials, e.g., with giemsa or diff-quik, is often unsatisfactory due to poor contrast and to staining of irrelevant structures. in comparison, the bisbenzimide dye hoechst 33258, a dna-binding fluorochrome, allows a more precise analysis of such materials. bisbenzimide stained all stages of these fungal or protozoal organisms with brilliant contrast against a uniformly dark background. the level of backgroun ... | 1998 | 9694372 |
| infectious diseases in the liver transplant recipient. | despite a declining incidence, infections remain a significant complication in liver transplant recipients. the spectrum of infections in transplant recipients, however, appears to be evolving. infections caused by gram-positive bacteria (e.g., enterococci and staphylococci) have now surpassed in frequency those caused by gram-negative bacteria. there has been a decline in the incidence of pneumocystis carinii and more recently cytomegalovirus infection in transplant recipients, largely as a res ... | 1998 | 9700844 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating methotrexate treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris. | 1998 | 9704846 | |
| determination of copy number of rrna genes in pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis. | differential pcr was performed to determine the copy number of rrna genes in pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis. two different reference genes, thymidylate synthase (ts) and beta-tubulin (btu) genes, were used. primers for the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of nuclear rrna genes and either the ts or btu gene were mixed together to perform pcr on seven different bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from patients with p. carinii pneumonia. the radioactivity derived from the incorporated rad ... | 1998 | 9705380 |
| autologous pbpct in a patient with lymphoma and sjögren's syndrome: complete remission of lymphoma without control of the autoimmune disease. | a patient with primary sjögren's syndrome developed massive gland enlargement and was diagnosed a malt-type lymphoma stage iia. after initial radiotherapy the patient relapsed with high grade immunoblastic lymphoma. chemotherapy led to remission of the lymphoma and improvement of the autoimmune disease. a peripheral blood stem cell harvest was performed. however, subsequent to standard chemotherapy the patient experienced an exacerbation of arthralgia and vasculitis while his lymphoma remained i ... | 1998 | 9707034 |
| combined use of blood and oropharyngeal samples for noninvasive diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia using the polymerase chain reaction. | to evaluate the clinical use of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) using samples collected noninvasively, the internal transcribed spacers (itss) nested pcr was performed on 148 samples from 40 subjects. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid sera, gargled oropharyngeal washes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from 14 aids patients (mean age, 35.6 years; mean cd4+ cell count, 49.2 cells/mm3) with proven pcp and from 13 hiv-serop ... | 1998 | 9707306 |
| analysis of life-long strategies to prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with variable hiv progression rates. | to compare strategies for life-long prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a group of aids patients with a wide range of disease progression rates. | 1998 | 9708411 |
| single amino acid substitutions disrupt tetramer formation in the dihydroneopterin aldolase enzyme of pneumocystis carinii. | in the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii, dihydroneopterin aldolase function is expressed as the n-terminal portion of the multifunctional folic acid synthesis protein (fas). this region encompasses two domains, fasa and fasb, which are 27% amino acid identical. fasa and fasb also share significant amino acid sequence similarity with bacterial dihydroneopterin aldolases. in the present study, this enzyme function has been overproduced as an independent monofunctional activity in escher ... | 1998 | 9709001 |
| pneumonia after heart transplantation: a multi-institutional study. spanish transplantation infection study group. | a multiinstitutional study of 307 heart transplant recipients was carried out to determine the clinical, radiographic, and prognostic characteristics, the incidence, and the etiology of pneumonias in the first year after transplantation. there were 21.1 cases of pneumonia per 100 heart transplantations. seventy-five percent of the cases occurred in the first trimester. eighty-two causal agents were identified, of which 60% were opportunistic, 25% were nosocomial, and 15% were community-acquired. ... | 1998 | 9709883 |
| radiographic aspects of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the miniature dachshund. | the thoracic radiographic changes of pneumocystis carinii in 7 miniature dachshunds were reviewed. the dogs were 7-12 months old and presented with polypnea, exercise intolerance and clinical signs suggestive of immune-incompetence. p. carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in all the dogs using transtracheal aspirate cytology and confirmed at postmortem in 3 dogs that died. radiographically, diffuse pulmonary changes were present and varied from a mild interstitial and bronchial pattern to an alveolar ... | 1998 | 9710133 |
| plasma (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan measurement and polymerase chain reaction on sputum as practical parameters in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we report a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosed and monitored with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for pneumocystis carinii on sputum and measurement of plasma (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan (g-test). results of both studies paralleled the clinical and radiographic improvement. however, the plasma (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan level remained higher than normal when pcr for pneumocystis carinii became negative in sputum. both pcr for pneumocystis c ... | 1998 | 9711891 |
| high-dose immunoglobulin therapy for a patient with dermatomyositis. | a 46-year-old woman was admitted to our department complaining of dermal eruption and weakness of muscles. she was diagnosed as having dermatomyositis and was initially treated with prednisolone. since her condition rapidly deteriorated, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (i.v.ig) therapy (0.4 g/kg/day i.v. for 5 days) was administered. marked improvement in muscle strength was observed the following day after the first administration. she unfortunately died of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis ... | 1998 | 9711898 |
| characterization of major surface glycoprotein genes of human pneumocystis carinii and high-level expression of a conserved region. | to facilitate studies of pneumocystis carinii infection in humans, we undertook to better characterize and to express the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of human p. carinii, an important protein in host-pathogen interactions. seven msg genes were cloned from a single isolate by pcr or genomic library screening and were sequenced. the predicted proteins, like rat msgs, were closely related but unique variants, with a high level of conservation among cysteine residues. a conserved immunodominant ... | 1998 | 9712777 |
| induction of fibrinogen expression in the lung epithelium during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii is an important pulmonary pathogen responsible for morbidity and mortality in patients with aids. the acute-phase response (apr), the primary mechanism used by the body to restore homeostasis following infection, is characterized by increased levels of circulating fibrinogen (fbg). although the liver is the primary site of increased fbg synthesis during the apr, we unexpectedly discovered that fbg is synthesized and secreted by lung alveolar epithelial cells in vitro during ... | 1998 | 9712798 |
| [non-invasive mechanical ventilation as treatment for severe pneumonia in an hiv positive patient]. | a 27 year-old hiv+ patient was admitted to the hospital for probable pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). he was severely dyspneic, with respiratory rate of 44 x min and accessory respiratory muscle contraction. the alveolar-arterial quotient was 0.35. ventilation by bipap was applied during 12 hours. after bipap a/ao2 was o.42, with amelioration of dyspnea, decrease of respiratory rate (25 x min) and without using of accessory respiratory muscles. no complications occurred. at the end of hospi ... | 1998 | 9713103 |
| a different look at corticosteroids. | systemic corticosteroids have been used in the treatment of numerous medical conditions for approximately 50 years. short-acting products such as hydrocortisone are the least potent. prednisone and methylprednisolone, which are intermediate-acting products, are four to five times more potent than hydrocortisone. dexamethasone is a long-acting, systemic corticosteroid; its potency is about 25 times greater than the short-acting products. corticosteroids reduce the need for hospitalization in pati ... | 1998 | 9713398 |
| atypical pneumocystis carinii infection in aids: massive cervical lymphadenitis and fever of unknown origin. | pulmonary pneumocystis carinii infections are relatively common in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). extrapulmonary pneumocystis is a less common manifestation, particularly when it occurs without concurrent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. disseminated pneumocystis is most commonly found in lymph nodes, the liver, and the spleen and may result in nonspecific debilitating illness, which is often overlooked in the absence of pulmonary symptoms. we present the case of an ... | 1998 | 9715224 |
| factors associated with survival following secondary aids: 1988 to 1995. | the second aids-defining condition diagnosed chronologically is referred to in this report as the secondary aids diagnosis. in this study, we examined survival following a secondary aids diagnosis using demographic and clinical factors known within 1 year before secondary aids diagnosis. in a prospective cohort of 2412 hiv-seropositive homosexual men observed in the multicenter aids cohort study (macs), 609 presented with a secondary aids diagnosis between january 1, 1988 and march 31, 1995. to ... | 1998 | 9715847 |
| randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the immune modulator wf10 in patients with advanced aids. | a randomized, double-blind trial compared treatment with the immune modulator wf10 (ten patients) and placebo (nine patients) administered in cycles over 3 months among individuals with advanced aids. there were no notable clinical adverse events; changes in hematologic and chemistry values were comparable in the two groups. in both groups, median hiv-rna pcr values remained stable. immunologic variables showed a consistent tendency to increase in the wf10 group and to decrease in the control gr ... | 1998 | 9717676 |
| drug-induced pneumonitis caused by sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with refractory ulcerative colitis. | we recently treated a patient with intractable ulcerative colitis complicated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in whom sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim caused pneumonitis. the pneumonitis was difficult to differentiate from worsening of the infection or the appearance of another opportunistic infection. the patient's history of sulfasalazine (sulfonamide)-induced pneumonitis made diagnosis possible. the cd4/cd8 ratio of lymphocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was decreased at the diag ... | 1998 | 9719247 |
| structure-based design and synthesis of lipophilic 2,4-diamino-6-substituted quinazolines and their evaluation as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases and potential antitumor agents. | the synthesis and biological activities of 14 6-substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazolines are reported. these compounds were designed to improve the cell penetration of a previously reported series of 2,4-diamino-6-substituted-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines which had shown significant potency and remarkable selectivity for toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), but had much lower inhibitory effects on the growth of t. gondii cells in culture. the target n9-h analogues were obtained via regiospeci ... | 1998 | 9719595 |
| immune responses to naturally acquired pneumocystis carinii in gene disruption mutant mice. | 1998 | 9720960 | |
| 1,5-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)pentane (pentamidine) is a potent inhibitor of [3h]idazoxan binding to imidazoline i2 binding sites. | the aromatic diamidine 1,5-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)pentane (pentamidine) is used for treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. clinical use of pentamidine has been restricted by significant toxicity, that includes hypotension, and hypoglycemia. although clinical toxicity is well described, the mechanisms are still poorly understood. competitive binding analyses using [3h]idazoxan as the radioligand, and cirazoline to define non ... | 1998 | 9721046 |
| energy dependency of glucocorticoid exacerbation of gp120 neurotoxicity. | the hiv envelope glycoprotein, gp120, a well documented neurotoxin, may be involved in aids-related dementia complex. gp120 works through an nmda receptor- and calcium-dependent mechanism to damage neurons. we have previously demonstrated that both natural and synthetic glucocorticoids (gcs) exacerbate gp120-induced neurotoxicity and calcium mobilization in hippocampal mixed cultures. gcs, steroid hormones secreted during stress, are now shown to work in conjunction with gp120 to decrease atp le ... | 1998 | 9721744 |
| typing with internal transcribed spacer regions of pneumocystis carinii from aids patients with recurrent pneumonia. | 1998 | 9795997 | |
| [clinical study on mechanism of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by polymerase chain reaction]. | pneumocystis carinii is a human respiratory pathogen which causes fatal pneumonia in patients under immunosuppressed or immune deficient conditions. recent work have documented the usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method in the detection of p. carinii from clinical samples. therefore, we described our experience in using pcr method in the detection of p. carinii from respiratory samples. in our study, bronchial washing or balf were good for diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp ... | 1998 | 9796184 |
| [hiv infection/aids and respiratory tract infections in japan]. | recent advances in the chemotherapeutic agents against hiv enabled us to conduct combination therapies using two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a protease inhibitor. the three-drug combination chemotherapies have been shown to be very potent in inhibiting hiv replication; they markedly suppress plasma hiv-rna levels, elevate cd4 counts, reduce opportunistic infections and prolong survival of the patients. early and hard treatment is now recommended. among opportunistic infection ... | 1998 | 9796209 |
| sordarins: in vitro activities of new antifungal derivatives against pathogenic yeasts, pneumocystis carinii, and filamentous fungi. | gm 193663, gm 211676, gm 222712, and gm 237354 are new semisynthetic derivatives of the sordarin class. the in vitro antifungal activities of gm 193663, gm 211676, gm 222712, and gm 237354 against 111 clinical yeast isolates of candida albicans, candida kefyr, candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis, candida krusei, and cryptococcus neoformans were compared. the in vitro activities of some of these compounds against pneumocystis carinii, 20 isolates each of aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus f ... | 1998 | 9797217 |
| approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are predisposed to develop a variety of common and uncommon infectious and neoplastic pulmonary diseases. clinical information that can stratify the risk of occurrence of these pulmonary conditions includes: 1) cd4 cell count-the most important determinant; 2) concurrent antimicrobial therapy; 3) prior travel history; 4) known latent infections that may reactivate: and 5) underlying respiratory disease. specific pulmonary diseases are discu ... | 1998 | 9799133 |
| [usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage in the renal transplant patient with suspected respiratory infection]. | in this retrospective study we aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in kidney transplant patients who were suspected of having severe respiratory infection or in whom empirical antibiotic treatment had failed. all bal procedures performed on kidney transplanted patients suspected of having respiratory infections between january 1, 1988 and july 31, 1996 were analyzed. bal was carried out in the standard way and samples were sent for cytologic and bacteriologic stu ... | 1998 | 9803276 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection of the small intestine. | extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infections are rare in comparison to other opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). in recent years, however, the number of reported cases of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis has increased. it is therefore important for physicians to recognize the various presentations of extrapulmonary p carinii infection. this article reports a case in which the initial clinically detected aids-related infection was extrapulmonary p c ... | 1998 | 9803728 |
| comparing the first and second hundred aids cases in hong kong. | to study the clinical and epidemiological features of the first 200 aids patients in hong kong. | 1998 | 9803809 |
| 6-substituted 2,4-diaminopyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine analogues of piritrexim as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase from rat liver, pneumocystis carinii, and toxoplasma gondii and as antitumor agents. | the synthesis and biological activity are reported for 21 6-substituted 2,4-diaminopyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine analogues (4-24) of piritrexim (ptx) as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and as antitumor agents. recombinant dhfr from pneumocystis carinii (pc) and native dhfr from toxoplasma gondii (tg) were the target enzymes tested; these organisms are responsible for fatal opportunistic infections in aids patients. rat liver (rl) dhfr served as the mammalian reference enzyme to determine ... | 1998 | 9804692 |
| risk factors for primary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents and adults in the united states: reassessment of indications for chemoprophylaxis. | risk factors for the development of a first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were investigated in the adult and adolescent spectrum of disease project, a medical record review study involving longitudinal follow-up of human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in 9 us cities. risk factors included decreasing cd4 lymphocyte count and history of aids-defining illness, non-p. carinii pneumonia, oral thrush, or unexplained fever for > or = 2 days; pcp prophylaxis was protective. pcp ... | 1998 | 9806044 |
| lung parasites of least weasels in finland. | because of their constant exposure to normal rodent definitive hosts, least weasels (mustela nivalis) were trapped in southern finland in late fall 1994 and examined for lung parasites. histological examination showed that 46% of the weasels (n = 46) were infected with adiaspores identified as chrysosporium sp. granulomas surrounding the adiaspores consisted of mostly unorganized layers of mononuclear cells. the adiaspores from least weasels were much smaller than those reported from their prey ... | 1998 | 9813855 |
| experience with a cross-study endpoint review committee for aids clinical trials. terry beirn community programs for clinical research on aids. | to describe the methods and results of a standardized system for clinical endpoint determination for defining and reviewing endpoints in clinical trials for hiv-infected individuals. | 1998 | 9814866 |
| sequence polymorphisms in the pneumocystis carinii cytochrome b gene and their association with atovaquone prophylaxis failure. | atovaquone (mepron, 566c80) is an effective agent against pneumocystis carinii, which probably acts by binding to cytochrome b and inhibiting electron transport. to assess the possibility that atovaquone resistance might be developing, the genes for the cytochrome b from p. carinii sp. f. carinii and p. carinii sp. f. hominis were partially sequenced. eight of 10 patient isolates had cytochrome b genes with the same amino acid sequence. the p. carinii cytochrome b genes from 2 of 4 patients who ... | 1998 | 9815231 |
| [diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients]. | based on the changing disease pattern of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) associated pulmonary complications we conducted a prospective study in order to compare the value of laboratory tests in patients with pneumocystis (p.) carinii pneumonia (pcp) and other pulmonary complications and of different identification methods of p. carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) in pcp patients. | 1998 | 9816629 |
| [bilateral pulmonary infiltrations in patients admitted to an intensive care unit]. | diffuse pulmonary infiltrates are commonly found in hypoxic respiratory failure. we have reviewed 16 patients admitted to our medical intensive care unit over a period of 21 months, of whom seven died in hospital. only patients requiring ventilatory support (cpap or mechanical ventilation) for respiratory failure due to non-cardiogenic causes were included. all patients met the criteria for the diagnosis of ards. three patients suffered from wegener's granulomatosis, three from pneumocystis cari ... | 1998 | 9816947 |
| in-vitro activity of lytic peptides alone and in combination with macrolides and inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase against pneumocystis carinii. | the in-vitro activity of cecropin p1, magainin ii, indolicidin and ranalexin alone and in combination with macrolides and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (dhfrs) was investigated against six clinical isolates of pneumocystis carinii. the susceptibility tests were performed by inoculation of the isolates on to cell monolayers and determining the parasite count after 72 h incubation at 37 degrees c. the culture medium was supplemented with serial dilutions of each agent. the four peptides suppr ... | 1998 | 9818742 |
| acanthamoebiasis in korea: two new cases with clinical cases review. | the first case was 7-month-old immunodeficiency girl in whom the diagnosis of acanthamoeba pneumonia was established by culture of a bronchial washing. the patient had been ill for a month when she was admitted due to neonatal thrombocytopenia with respiratory difficulty and treated with gammaglobulin and steroid. her chest x-ray showed diffuse alveolar consolidation on the left lung with interstitial hazziness and a partial sign of hyperinflation on the right lung. laboratory tests showed that ... | 1998 | 9821799 |
| adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1998 | 9823990 | |
| pneumocystis carinii: forgotten but not gone? | 1998 | 9823991 | |
| the effect of adjunctive corticosteroids for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on mortality and subsequent complications. | to assess the long-term safety of adjunctive corticosteroids in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1998 | 9823998 |
| clearance of pneumocystis carinii cysts in acute p carinii pneumonia: assessment by serial sputum induction. | to determine the feasibility of repeat sputum induction in acute pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and to define the rate of clearance of p carinii cysts from the respiratory tract of hiv-seropositive patients with acute pcp. | 1998 | 9823999 |
| acute respiratory failure associated with cryptococcosis in patients with aids: analysis of predictive factors. | the incidence of acute respiratory failure (arf) associated with cryptococcal disease in patients with aids is underestimated in the literature. we performed a retrospective, case-control (referent) study to determine the prevalence of arf associated with cryptococcal disease and analyzed associated factors. potential cases of arf were identified at four university-affiliated teaching hospitals from a cohort of 210 patients with aids who had positive cryptococcal antigen tests and/or cryptococcu ... | 1998 | 9827275 |
| suppurative acinetobacter baumanii thyroiditis with bacteremic pneumonia: case report and review. | suppurative thyroiditis is rare, and the major pathogens are staphylococcus and streptococcus species. we present a case caused by acinetobacter baumanii, which has never before been reported. we review another 191 cases from the english-language literature (1980 to april 1997) and make a comparison with a review of 224 cases (1900-1980). as the numbers of immunocompromised patients increase, cases of suppurative thyroiditis are increasing. pneumocystis carinii has become an important pathogen. ... | 1998 | 9827283 |
| isolation and characterization of alpha-tubulin genes from septoria tritici and rhynchosporium secalis, and comparative analysis of fungal alpha-tubulin sequences. | the alpha-tubulin genes from septoria tritici and rhynchosporium secalis have been cloned and sequenced. the predicted amino acid sequence and intron structure showed strong homology with other known filamentous fungal alpha-tubulins. comparison of sixteen fungal alpha-tubulin sequences based on amino acid sequence homology and intron structure identified five groups of proteins. group 1 consists of filamentous fungi, including s. tritici and r. secalis, the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulat ... | 1998 | 9829778 |
| factors associated with hiv-infected patients' recognition and use of hiv medications. | in 1996, we interviewed 224 hiv-infected patients (54% men, 63% african american) receiving hiv medical care in st. louis, missouri about their recognition, prior use, and current use of hiv medications. of 221 respondents who had heard of at least one antiretroviral drug, only 2 respondents reported they had never taken antiretroviral drugs. multivariate logistic regression among respondents with cd4 counts <500 cells/mm3 identified sociodemographic variables (gender, race, education, and site ... | 1998 | 9833743 |
| prophylaxis for opportunistic infections among hiv-infected patients receiving medical care. | in 1995 and 1997, the united states public health service (usphs) and the infectious disease society of america (idsa) published recommendations for primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), mycobacterium avium complex (mac), and toxoplasmosis in hiv-infected adults. we evaluated their implementation at four hospital-based hiv clinics in new york city in patients who initially met the cd4+ criterion for prophylaxis between january, 1995 and april, 1997. medical records were re ... | 1998 | 9833748 |
| gender and survival after aids in rio de janeiro, brazil. | the relation between gender and survival after a diagnosis of aids was studied in a cohort of patients with hiv infection in rio de janeiro, brazil. during the study period, 124 of 617 patients (20%) developed aids. of this group, 91 patients were men and 33 were women. there were no gender related differences regarding the access to antiretroviral therapy or to prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. survival was shorter among women (hazard ratio [hr] = 4.43; p < .001) after adjustment ... | 1998 | 9833750 |
| molecular methods for epidemiological and diagnostic studies of fungal infections. | over the past two decades there has been a remarkable increase in the incidence of invasive fungal infections. molecular methods, such as karyotyping, restriction analysis and polymerase chain reaction (pcr), have now been applied to improve our current understanding of the epidemiology of these fungal infections. for example, investigations on nosocomial outbreaks of fungal infections have been greatly facilitated by molecular methods. in addition, the ability to diagnose and identify deep-seat ... | 1998 | 9839319 |
| two cases of idiopathic cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia in elderly patients. | we present 2 cases of idiopathic cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia (icl) in elderly patients. case 1, a 73-year-old man, with pneumonia had received several antibiotics with unsuccessful results at another hospital. on admission, his cd4+ t-lymphocyte count was 109/microl and pneumocystis carinii was detected by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid staining. no evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was found. despite therapy, the patient died of respiratory failure. case 2, a 72-year-old man, co ... | 1998 | 9840716 |
| potential coinfections complicate typing of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis. | 1998 | 9841244 | |
| alcohol and host defense against pulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9727637 | |
| comparison of cytochemical staining, immunofluorescence and pcr for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii on sputum samples. | detection of p. carinii has increased with the use of polymerase chain reaction (pcr), particularly in sputum samples. in this study, sputum samples obtained from 30 immunosuppressed patients with respiratory symptoms (12 hiv-infected) were tested by standard cytochemical staining (giemsa and methenamine silver), immunofluorescence (if) staining and pcr for detection of p. carinii and the results were compared. pneumocystis carinii was detected in 4, 8 and 13 sputum samples by cytological staini ... | 1998 | 9730296 |
| molecular pathobiology and antigenic variation of pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9734292 | |
| inhibition of erythroid differentiation and induction of megakaryocytic differentiation by thrombopoietin are regulated by two different mechanisms in tpo-dependent ut-7/c-mpl and tf-1/c-mpl cell lines. | thrombopoietin (tpo) regulates megakaryocytic (mk) maturation and platelet production. molecular and cellular mechanisms of the tpo-induced mk differentiation are not totally understood. in order to develop cellular models to study these mechanisms, we introduced c-mpl into ut-7 and tf-1 cells by means of a retroviral vector and compared the effects of tpo on these two cell lines. ut-7 and tf-1 cell lines are two factor-dependent leukemic cell lines with an erythroid and mk phenotype. they proli ... | 1998 | 9737683 |
| in-vitro activity of lytic peptides, inhibitors of ion transport systems and ionophorous antibiotics against pneumocystis carinii. | the in-vitro activity of two vertebrate lytic peptides, two ion transport system inhibitors and two polyether ionophores was investigated against four clinical isolates of pneumocystis carinii recovered from bronchoalveolar lavages of aids patients. the susceptibility tests were performed by inoculating the isolates on to cell monolayers and determining the parasite count after 72 h incubation at 37 degrees c. the culture medium was supplemented with dulbecco's modified eagle's medium containing ... | 1998 | 9738830 |
| hiv seronegativity in an infant with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we report the case of an infant with progressive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and persistent seronegativity. the child had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at 4 months of age and was documented to be hiv-infected by hiv-1 deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) polymerase chain reaction (pcr), but enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot tests for hiv-1 and hiv-2 specific antibodies remained negative until the infant was 10 months old. this case should increase awareness abou ... | 1998 | 9743066 |
| effects of long-term aerosol pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis on pulmonary function. | the purpose of the study was to evaluate the long-term effects of aerosolized pentamidine (ap) on the pulmonary function of hiv-positive individuals receiving ap for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis. | 1998 | 9743160 |
| different ultrastructural morphology of pneumocystis carinii derived from mice, rats, and rabbits. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) is a fungus present in the lungs of many mammal species. even though studies of the genome, the isoenzymes, and the antigens have proved some host-species-linked heterogeneity, the existence of distinct pneumocystis species or subspecies has still not been accepted. comparative studies of the ultrastructural morphology of pneumocysts derived from several host species may support evidence of host-species-linked heterogeneity. we have compared the ultrastructural morpholo ... | 1998 | 9744763 |
| the carboxyl terminus of pneumocystis carinii glycoprotein a encodes a functional glycosylphosphatidylinositol signal sequence. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a hallmark disease associated with aids. an abundant glycoprotein, termed gpa, on the surface of p. carinii is considered an important factor in host-parasite interactions. the primary structure of ferret p. carinii gpa contains a carboxyl-terminal sequence characteristic of a signal for glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchors. here we report the capacity for this gpa carboxyl sequence to direct attachment of a secreted protein, human growth hormone (hgh), to ... | 1998 | 9748303 |
| extended aromatic furan amidino derivatives as anti-pneumocystis carinii agents. | the syntheses of nine new derivatives of 2, 5-bis[4-(n-alkylamidino)phenyl]furans with extended aromatic systems are reported. the interaction of these dicationic furans with poly(da)poly(dt) and with the duplex oligomers d(cgcgaattcgcg)2 and d(gcgaattcgc)2 was determined by tm measurement, and the effectiveness of these compounds against the immunosuppressed rat model of pneumocystis carinii was evaluated. at a screening dose of 10 micromol/kg, 4 of the 12 amidino furans described here are more ... | 1998 | 9748362 |
| infectious complications occurring in liver transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil. | mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) is a new immunosuppressive agent that is gaining widespread use in solid organ transplantation recipients. a comprehensive assessment of infectious complications after its use after liver transplantation has never been assessed. | 1998 | 9753337 |
| [hemostasis and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection]. | various coagulation abnormalities were reported in hiv-infected patients. cases of severe thrombocytopenia were first observed in contaminated homosexual males, as well as prolonged aptt due to the presence of lupus-like anticoagulant with a frequency in the range 8 to 70% of the studied patients. even if lupus anticoagulant could be evidenced in asymptomatic patients, it frequently occurred during acute opportunistic infections such as pneumocystis carinii. more recently, increased prevalence o ... | 1998 | 9754240 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: pitfalls of prophylaxis. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurs commonly in immunocompromised patients. sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (smx-tmp) is effective prophylaxis, although pcp may still occur despite apparently adequate use. we report three cases of pcp which highlight some of the pitfalls of prophylaxis. | 1998 | 9767516 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia incidence and chemoprophylaxis failure in ambulatory hiv-infected patients. hiv outpatient study (hops) investigators. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains the most frequently reported serious opportunistic infection in aids patients and the second highest cause of mortality among persons with aids in the united states, despite the availability of effective chemoprophylaxis. | 1998 | 9768629 |
| reduced binding and phagocytosis of pneumocystis carinii by alveolar macrophages from persons infected with hiv-1 correlates with mannose receptor downregulation. | the macrophage mannose receptor, a pattern recognition molecule and component of innate immunity, mediates binding and phagocytosis of pneumocystis carinii and likely represents an important clearance mechanism in the lungs of immunocompetent hosts. the purpose of this study was to examine the ability of alveolar macrophages from hiv-infected individuals to bind and phagocytose p. carinii, and to investigate the role of the macrophage mannose receptor in mediating this interaction. compared with ... | 1998 | 9769325 |