Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [endoscopic papillotomy (author's transl)]. | endoscopic papillotomy is a method of incising the papillary spincters without opening the abdominal wall or the duodenum. it is successful in over 95% of cases. in over 80% of cases passage of choledochus concrement occurs, about half of these stones being excreted spontaneously and the rest having to be extracted actively with a small domia basket. for large concrements which cannot be removed endoscopically even after wide papillotomy incision, there is the electrohydraulic lithotrite which c ... | 1998 | 108575 |
| m components and cancer. | intention of this study was to prove or exclude in patients with different neoplasms some m components which can escape routine electrophoretic analysis or immunoelectrophoretic analysis with polyvalent antiserum. all serum samples from 606 patients were investigated also with monospecific antisera against heavy chains--alpha, gamma, mu and delta--and in suspicion of abnormality also with antisera against light chains. patterns similar to those found in cases of heavy chain diseases were absent ... | 1998 | 107463 |
| the genetic toxicology of phenoxy acids other than 2,4,5-t. | 1998 | 107443 | |
| [vertigo attacks, syncopes or aortic valve stenosis]. | 1998 | 107427 | |
| perinatal care and cost effectiveness: changes in health expenditures and birth outcome following the establishment of a nurse-midwife program. | estimates of infant health status and expenditures for perinatal care are presented for periods of time before and after implementation of a nurse-midwife program in rural georgia. as the program developed, the infant mortality rate of the four counties served by the program showed a decrease. similarly, the target population (pregnant women of low to moderate income who had no private physician) experienced decreases in the rate of neonatal mortality, low birthweight, and short gestational age. ... | 1998 | 107372 |
| ultrasonic visualization of wirsung's duct: dream or reality? | ultrasonic visualization of normal and pathological wirsung's ducts has become quite common, especially with the newest gray scale units. ductal images were studied in 17 cases of quiescent chronic pancreatitis. duct dilatation could be identified in the majority | 1998 | 108297 |
| a radiographic method of quantifying protein-calorie undernutrition. | estimation of midarm adipose tissue and muscle by the anthropometric technique is based on the idealized assumption that the arm and its muscle compartments are circular, and that fat is distributed evenly around the arm. we examined the validity of these assumptions by computerized axial tomography of the midarm in 21 subjects ranging from 65 to 255% of ideal body weight. computerized axial tomography identified three errors inherent in the anthropometric method: 1) the arm and its muscle compa ... | 1998 | 105625 |
| the use of titanium (iv) oxide for the immobilisation of carbohydrate-directed enzymes. | the use of particles of porous titanium (iv) oxide as a suitable matrix for enzyme immobilisation has been investigated with dextranase. treatment of the particles with enzyme in the presence and absence of ammonium ions showed that the presence of ammonia induced a greater coupling of protein, whereas a greater retention of enzyme specific activity was achieved in the absence of ammonia. properties of the immobilised enzyme include a ph-dependence and reversibility of the coupling between enzym ... | 1998 | 20228 |
| [vasodilator therapy of heart failure]. | 1998 | 108068 | |
| prognosis in patients with epilepsy--special reference to change in types of seizure and ingestion of prescribed drugs. | 1998 | 107098 | |
| [infection in biliary surgery. per and post-operative bacteriological study (author's transl)]. | 1998 | 107009 | |
| radiology societies. | 1998 | 104596 | |
| evaluation of nutritional indices as prognostic indicators in the cancer patient. | the nutritional and immunological status of 140 malnourished cancer patients who were to receive intravenous hyperalimentation (ivh) were evaluated prior to treatment with ivh and chemotherapy (cmx), surgery or radiation therapy (xrt). subsequently, these indices were correlated with responses to treatment. cell-mediated immunocompetent (cmi+) patients (41%) had lost an average weight of 10 +/- 2.2 lbs., while cell-mediated immunoincompetent (cmi-) patients (59%) had lost an average weight of 31 ... | 1998 | 106954 |
| phase changes of cardiolipin vesicles mediated by divalent cations. | small unilamellar vesicles were prepared from cardiolipin and produced the hexagonal ii phase when dialyzed against cacl2 or mgcl2. upon removal of the cation by dialysis against edta large unilamellar vesicles were formed. the events of the transition from the lamellar to hexagonal phase and back to the lamellar phase are described. | 1998 | 106890 |
| [mammary carcinoma in males (author's transl)]. | about 1% of all malignant neoplasms of the mammary gland affect the male sex. the diagnosis is simple if a general physical examination is carried out independent of the reason for the consultation. the occurrence of mammary carcinoma is more frequent in males with primary and secondary hypogonadism and after estrogen therapy. the results of operative treatment are the same as for mammary carcinoma in women, i. e. about 45% of the patients survive the five-year limit. for metastasizing mammary c ... | 1998 | 105266 |
| haloperidol treatment of a sixty-year narcotic addiction: case report. | 1998 | 108622 | |
| videotaping epileptic attacks during stereoelectroencephalography. | relating the onset of clinical attacks as recorded on a videotape to surface and depth electrographic events improves our ability to define the local or diffuse origin of seizures. in two patients with complex partial seizures, all 14 attacks appeared 3 to 6 seconds after focal discharges began in the amygdala or hippocampus. this meant that the spread of focal electroencephalographic (eeg) paroxysms caused the eventual clinical seizure. in two other patients with 392 generalized seizures and se ... | 1998 | 108610 |
| [qualitative csf cell diagnosis. methods and conclusiveness (author's transl)]. | in a review, the methods and value of csf cytology as routine diagnostic investigation should be described summarily. among the various methods of cell concentration, the sedimentation method permits the best cytological differentiation of the cells of the cerebrospinal fluid. both neuro-immunological processes and unspecific irritation processes (e. g. subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumata), brain tumors and metastases can be differentiated. for prognostic and therapeutic questions, cytology of the ... | 1998 | 108589 |
| free genes for rrnas in the macronuclear genome of the ciliate stylonychia mytilus. | when separated on an agarose gel, macronuclear dna of the hypotrichous ciliate stylonychia mytilus gives rise to many well-defined bands ranging in molecular weight from 0.3 x 10(6) to 14 x 10(6) dalton. hybridization of 25 s rrna, 17s rrna or 5 s rna to such a gel revealed sharp hybridization bands. this suggests that this banding pattern is not an artefact due to nonspecific degradation of macronuclear dna but that the dna in the macronucleus of stylonychia occurs in discrete fragments, each c ... | 1998 | 104846 |
| evoked potential studies in petit mal epilepsy. visual information processing in relation to spike and wave discharges. | the evoked potential has been useful in studying characteristics of the epileptic nervous system. to investigate whether an alteration in sensory processing is possibly related to behavioral unresponsiveness observed to precede spike and wave bursts, average visual evoked potentials (veps) were studied during a 4.0 sec preburst interval in 6 patients with petit mal epilepsy. individual responses, evoked by photic flashes, were averaged as a function of flash-to-burst interval. in 3 subjects with ... | 1998 | 108074 |
| antibiotic usage surveillance: an overview of the issues. | 1998 | 121379 | |
| intracytoplasmic type a particles from mammary tumours and leukaemias of strain icrc mice. | the ovarian-hormone-induced leukaemias of strain icrc mice, with an abundance of intracytoplasmic type a particles in primary as well as transplanted lesions, were used to study morphological, biophysical, immunological and structural characteristics of type a particles. mammary tumours of strains icrc and c3h(jax) were also used as sources for type a particles. the purified virions banded at the density of 1.20 g/ml in 12--60% linear sucrose-density gradient when subjected to spinning at 113,00 ... | 1998 | 107957 |
| [cerebrospinal-fluid affinity of cefoxitin]. | 1998 | 108567 | |
| [indications and limitations of surgery of the sympathetic nervous system (author's transl)]. | two types of sympathectomy are common today, the lumbar and the cervicothoracic. it is a simple operation with extremely low mortality and morbidity although the patients are frequently of an advanced age. 8--10 days after the operation pains may occur, especially at night. the authors observed them in 3--15% of cases after lumbar sympathectomy, more rarely after cervicothoracic sympathectomy. the pains usually disappear after a few weeks or months. sexual disturbances may occur in about 10--15% ... | 1998 | 108549 |
| membrane protein organization in atp-depleted and irreversibly sickled red cells. | 1998 | 108478 | |
| apparent malfunction of demand pacemakers due to spurious potentials generated by contact between two endocardial electrodes. | malfunction of both temporary and permanent demand transvenous pacemakers was caused by contact between the two endocardial electrodes. contact between these electrodes created spurious potentials which resulted in irregular inhibition of both demand units. the potentials were demonstrated by recording from the temporary wire. there was no interference with either pacemaker in the fixed rate mode and malfunction ceased when the temporary wire was removed. | 1998 | 95648 |
| temperature-related changes in the erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase (acetazolamide-sensitive esterase) activity of goldfish, carassius auratus. | 1. carbonic anhydrase activity in 'membrane' and 'cytosol' fractions of goldfish erythrocytes was assayed by the p-nitrophenyl acetate procedure following thermal acclimation. 2. the thermal sensitivity of "membrane"-associated activity was apparently unaltered by acclimation. "cytosol" activity in warm-acclimated specimens was somewhat more thermosensitive than that animals maintained at low temperature. 3. significant increases in specific activity, and activity per unit volume of packed cells ... | 1998 | 108353 |
| long-term survival in multiple myeloma. | 1998 | 98920 | |
| the importance of the "bay region" diol-epoxide in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene skin tumor initiation and mutagenesis. | the skin tumor-initiating and v79 mutagenic activities of various derivatives of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba) were investigated to determine what possible cellular metabolite(s) may be responsible for its carcinogenicity and/or mutagenicity. 1-,2-,3-,4- and 5-hydroxydmba were found to be essentially inactive as skin tumor initiators whereas 9- and 10-hydroxydmba had weak activity. the (+/-)-trans dmba 8,9- and 5,6-dihydrodiols were also essentially inactive as skin tumor initiators and ... | 1998 | 108011 |
| purification and preparation of antibody to rna polymerase ii stimulatory factors from ehrlich ascites tumor cells. | an improved method was developed for purification of the protein termed s-ii that specifically stimulates rna polymerase ii of ehrlich ascites tumor cells. the specific activity of the final preparation was 400 000 units/mg of protein, which is about 30-fold higher than that of the previous preparation [sekimizu, k., et al. (1976) biochemistry 15, 5064]. the final preparation gave a single band on both sodium dodecyl sulfate and nondenaturing gel electrophoresis, and the protein extracted from t ... | 1998 | 106887 |
| a vest for ambulatory patients receiving hyperalimentation. | there have been no significant complications related to the use of this ambulatory hyperalimentation vest. the potential positive impact that increased use of this vest at home might have upon hospital stay and cost containment is obvious. it is further anticipated that, as advances are made in the technology of plastic bags, tubing, miniature pumps and microprocessors, ambulatory or home hyperalimentation delivery systems exemplified by this vest will achieve a much higher degree of sophisticat ... | 1998 | 107602 |
| ross timesaver: long-term care currents. | 1998 | 108403 | |
| [parenteral and enteral hyperalimentation in the cure of two cases of bilio-digestive fistulas (author's transl)]. | 1998 | 98948 | |
| genetic identification of dominant overproducing mutations: the beadex gene. | a model system for the identification of presumptive overproducing mutations from among visible dominant mutations in d. melanogaster is described. an overproducing mutation is expected if a dominant mutation is readily reverted by gene deletion and if gene deletions suppress the expression of the original dominant mutation in flies heterozygous for the deletion. the beadex (1:59.4) mutations are shown to satisfy these requirements, since a bx dominant mutations is reverted by induced deletion [ ... | 1998 | 108520 |
| [acromegaly. recent physiopathological and therapeutic acquisitions]. | 1998 | 108635 | |
| lymphoma and aortic aneurysm rupture: an unusual complication. | 1998 | 107078 | |
| [anti-d hyperimmunoglobulin, a study of swiss requirements]. | owing to the introduction of postpartum rhesus prophylaxis with anti-d hyperimmunoglobulin, a very small number of rh-negative women become sensitized against the rhesus factor at birth. accordingly, the number of naturally immunized women suitable for the collection of anti-d plasma is decreasing. currently, the demand for anti-d plasma in switzerland is covered by plasma donations of spontaneously immunized women. the relation between production of and demand for anti-d hyperimmunoglobulin is ... | 1998 | 107584 |
| gold and penicillamine: a proposed mode of action in rheumatoid arthritis, based on synovial fluid analysis. | although in common use, there is still controversy as to the way in which gold and penicillamine act in rheumatoid arthritis (ra). in this study, synovial fluids from 4 groups of patients have been compared: (1) ra patients on gold/penicillamine, (2) ra patients on non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaid) only, (3) osteoarthritis patients, and (4) patients with sero-negative arthropathies. the parameters measured were differential agglutination titre (dat), total haemolytic complement (ch50 ... | 1998 | 107867 |
| type iii protein secretion systems in bacterial pathogens of animals and plants. | various gram-negative animal and plant pathogens use a novel, sec-independent protein secretion system as a basic virulence mechanism. it is becoming increasingly clear that these so-called type iii secretion systems inject (translocate) proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells, where the translocated proteins facilitate bacterial pathogenesis by specifically interfering with host cell signal transduction and other cellular processes. accordingly, some type iii secretion systems are activat ... | 1998 | 9618447 |
| [mechanism of resistance of shigella flexneri 2a resistant to new quinolone antibiotics]. | a shigella flexneri 2a strain, which did not respond clinically or in laboratory tests to treatment with new quinolone derivatives, was isolated for the first time in japan from a patient admitted for diarrhea to a tokyo hospital. the mechanism of resistance was examined by sequencing the quinolone resistance determining region (qrdr) of the gyra (a quinolone target enzyme) gene and by comparing the active efflux mechanisms of two strains isolated from this patient (before hospitalization and af ... | 1998 | 9621565 |
| delivery of the non-membrane-permeative antibiotic gentamicin into mammalian cells by using shigella flexneri membrane vesicles. | we developed a model to test whether non-membrane-permeative therapeutic agents such as gentamicin could be delivered into mammalian cells by means of bacterial membrane vesicles. many gram-negative bacteria bleb off membrane vesicles (mvs) during normal growth, and the quantity of these vesicles can be increased by brief exposure to gentamicin (j. l. kadurugamuwa and t. j. beveridge, j. bacteriol. 177:3998-4008, 1995), which can be entrapped within the mvs. gentamicin-induced mvs (g-mvs) were i ... | 1998 | 9624497 |
| novel metallo beta-lactamase mediated by a shigella flexneri plasmid. | novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase (newly named met-1) encoded on a transferable plasmid pms390 from shigella flexneri js19622 was purified. the molecular weight was 28,000 by sds-page and the isoelectric point was higher than 9.3. this beta-lactamase favorably hydrolyzed classical cephalosporins and oxyimino-cephalosporins rather than penicillins and carbapenems, but did not hydrolyze monobactams. the enzymatic activity was inhibited by edta, and the enzyme was found to contain two mol ... | 1998 | 9627953 |
| two highly related regulatory proteins, shigella flexneri virf and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli rns, have common and distinct regulatory properties. | the rns protein of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) and the virf protein of shigella flexneri are members of the arac family of transcription regulators. rns is required for positive activation of the cs1 fimbrial genes, while virf is a positive regulator of an invasion gene regulon. the amino acid sequences of the proteins are 36% identical, and both proteins activate transcription in response to increases in temperature. here, we show that rns is capable of complementing fully a null mu ... | 1998 | 9627965 |
| revised model for aerobic growth of shigella flexneri to extend the validity of predictions at temperatures between 10 and 19 degrees c. | although shigella is a major foodborne pathogen, its growth in foods has received little attention. growth of s. flexneri 5348 inoculated into commercially available sterile foods (canned broths, meat, fish, uht milk, baby foods) was studied at 10 to 37 degrees c. s. flexneri was enumerated by surface-plating on tryptic soy agar and growth curves were fitted by means of the gompertz equation. observed growth kinetics values and values calculated using a previously developed response surface mode ... | 1998 | 9631334 |
| occurrence and susceptibility to antibiotics of shigella species in stools of hospitalized children with bloody diarrhea in pakistan. | the aim of the present investigation was to study the frequency of shigella spp. in patients with bloody diarrhea in pakistan and the susceptibility of isolated shigella to three antibiotics: ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. in addition, the frequency of campylobacter and salmonella was also determined. stool samples (n = 152) were collected from 152 diarrheic children less than six years of age passing blood and mucus in their stools who were admitted to paediatric department of ma ... | 1998 | 9660467 |
| fresh orange juice implicated in an outbreak of shigella flexneri among visitors to a south african game reserve. | 1998 | 9661958 | |
| interactions of the invasive pathogens salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, and shigella flexneri with m cells and murine peyer's patches. | invasive enteric bacteria must pass through the intestinal epithelium in order to establish infection. it is becoming clear that a common target for intestinal mucosa penetration is the specialized epithelial cell of peyer's patches, the m cell. in order to gain a better understanding of how bacteria interact with m cells, we have compared the interactions of salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, and shigella flexneri with m cells by using a murine ligated-loop model. our results indic ... | 1998 | 9673259 |
| inactivation of dsba, but not dsbc and dsbd, affects the intracellular survival and virulence of shigella flexneri. | in this study, three mutants, dsba::kan, dsbc-kan, and dsbd-kan, of shigella flexneri serotype 5 were constructed and characterized to investigate the role of the periplasmic thiol:disulfide oxidoreductases in pathogenicity. in gentamicin protection assays and the serény test, the dsba mutant showed reduced virulence while the dsbc and dsbd mutants were similar to the wild type. that inactivation of dsba was responsible for the reduced virulence was verified by complementation with the cloned wi ... | 1998 | 9673279 |
| hemolysin-positive enteroaggregative and cell-detaching escherichia coli strains cause oncosis of human monocyte-derived macrophages and apoptosis of murine j774 cells. | infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hmdm) and j774 cells (murine macrophage cell line) with several enteroaggregative and cytodetaching escherichia coli (eaggec and cdec, respectively) strains demonstrated that some strains could induce macrophage cell death accompanied by release of lactate dehydrogenase activity and interleukin 1beta (il-1beta) into culture supernatants. the mode of cell death differed in the two types of macrophages. damage to macrophage plasma membrane integrity ... | 1998 | 9673280 |
| overexpression and topology of the shigella flexneri o-antigen polymerase (rfc/wzy). | lipopolysaccharides (lps), particularly the o-antigen component, are one of many virulence determinants necessary for shigella flexneri pathogenesis. o-antigen biosynthesis is determined mostly by genes located in the rfb region of the chromosome. the rfc/wzy gene encodes the o-antigen polymerase, an integral membrane protein, which polymerizes the o-antigen repeat units of the lps. the wild-type rfc/wzy gene has no detectable ribosome-binding site (rbs) and four rare codons in the translation i ... | 1998 | 9680210 |
| "biphasic" fevers often consist of more than two phases. | this paper disproves the common belief that all doses of lipopolysaccharide (lps) that are commonly referred to as biphasic fever inducing (>/=2 microg/kg) cause truly biphasic responses. a catheter was implanted into the right jugular vein of several strains of adult male rats, and the animals were habituated to the experimental conditions. at an ambient temperature of 30.0 degrees c, loosely restrained animals were injected with a 10 microg/kg dose of lps (various preparations), and their colo ... | 1998 | 9688995 |
| antimicrobial resistances among shigella in new zealand. | to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistances among recent isolates of shigella in new zealand. | 1998 | 9695753 |
| sepa, the 110 kda protein secreted by shigella flexneri: two-domain structure and proteolytic activity. | shigellosis is characterized by a strong inflammatory response which is induced by bacteria invading the colonic mucosa. characterization of a sepa mutant indicated that sepa, the major protein secreted by shigella flexneri growing in laboratory media, might be involved in invasion and destruction of the host intestinal epithelium. the sequence of the first 500 residues of mature sepa (110 kda) is homologous to that of the n-terminal region of iga1 proteases. to investigate the potential proteol ... | 1998 | 9695914 |
| [interhospital spread of shigella flexneri 2a]. | in this article the results of the study of regularities in the development of outbreak morbidity in shigellosis, caused by s.flexneri 2a, in hospitals are presented. the study was carried out with the use of the method of typing by the plasmid profile. the study showed the continuity of the epidemic process in the foci which appeared at intervals considerably exceeding the incubation period. the fact of the interhospital spread of s.flexneri 2a was established. the strain causing the disease wa ... | 1998 | 9700878 |
| [genotyping of shigella flexneri 2a strains isolated from patients with acute dysentery in st. petersburg]. | polymerase chain reaction with universal primers (up-pcr) was used for the genotyping of 76 s.flexneri 2a cultures isolated from patients with acute dysentery in infectious and psychoneurological hospitals of st. petersburg. 9 types were determined, and each of them included cultures with identical up-pcr patterns. the population of the infective agent was more heterogeneous in psychoneurological hospitals where the change of types was registered in may-september 1995. some of these types were p ... | 1998 | 9700887 |
| incidence & enteropathogenicity of aeromonas spp in children suffering from acute diarrhoea in chennai. | a total of 200 stool samples from children below 10 yr suffering from diarrhoea were screened for enteric pathogens with special interest on aeromonas. aeromonas spp were isolated from 6.5 per cent of the patients, comprising 4 per cent a. hydrophila, 2 per cent a. sobria and 0.5 per cent a. caviae. among the 13 isolates obtained, 10 isolates produced enterotoxin in ligated rabbit ileal loops, and 11 produced cytotoxin in hep 2 cells. many of the aeromonas isolates exhibited resistance to common ... | 1998 | 9701892 |
| study of the relatedness of isolates of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei obtained in 1986 and 1987 and in 1994 and 1995 from hong kong. | we used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) to study the genetic relatedness of 235 isolates of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei collected in hong kong (97 isolates from 1986 and 1987 and 138 isolates from 1994 and 1995). altogether, 13 gels were run with bacteriophage lambda ladder dna (pharmacia) as an external reference in every sixth lane, standardized reagents and methods, and isolates randomized for species and years. for quantitative illustration of the relationships within a lar ... | 1998 | 9705363 |
| examination of serpulina pilosicoli for attachment and invasion determinants of enterobacteria. | the spirochaete, serpulina pilosicoli, is the agent of intestinal spirochaetosis, a diarrhoeal disease of humans and other species. by mechanisms as yet unknown, large numbers of these spirochaetes intimately attach to the colonic mucosa by one cell end. in some infected individuals, the spirochaetes may invade the lamina propria and adjacent tissues, and they may cause spirochaetaemia. to examine s. pilosicoli for pathogenic determinants homologous with enterobacteria, dna was extracted from si ... | 1998 | 9711840 |
| requirement of the shigella flexneri virulence plasmid in the ability to induce trafficking of neutrophils across polarized monolayers of the intestinal epithelium. | attachment of an array of enteric pathogens to epithelial surfaces is accompanied by recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) across the intestinal epithelium. in this report, we examine how shigella-intestinal epithelium interactions evoke the mucosal inflammatory response. we modeled these interactions in vitro by using polarized monolayers of the human intestinal epithelial cell line, t84, isolated human pmns, and shigella flexneri. we show that shigella attachment to t84-cell basola ... | 1998 | 9712773 |
| alteration of hla-b27 peptide presentation after infection of transfected murine l cells by shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri is a triggering agent for reactive arthritis in hla-b27-susceptible individuals. considering the intracellular multiplication of bacteria, it seems likely that bacterial peptides may be presented by the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i pathway. to examine this hypothesis, we infected hla-b*2705- and/or human beta2-microglobulin-transfected murine l-cell lines with m90t, an invasive strain of s. flexneri. bacterial infection induced no detectable modifications in t ... | 1998 | 9712804 |
| construction of a stable attenuated shigella sonnei deltavirg vaccine strain, wrss1, and protective efficacy and immunogenicity in the guinea pig keratoconjunctivitis model. | construction of a stable shigella sonnei vaccine has been complicated by the instability of the virulence phenotype caused by the spontaneous loss of the invasion plasmid. to select a suitable candidate for vaccine construction, 16 s. sonnei strains were screened for stability of the virulence phenotype. a stable strain, s. sonnei mosely, was selected for further work. pdeltavirg2, a deletion derivative of the virg gene in the sacb suicide vector pcvd442, was used to generate an s. sonnei virg d ... | 1998 | 9712824 |
| molecular and cellular mechanisms of invasion of the intestinal barrier by enteric pathogens. the paradigm of shigella. | the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery can be studied at different levels of integration of the cellular components that constitute the colonic mucosal barrier. we considered the interaction of shigella flexneri in three experimental systems that provide complementary information and a scheme of events occurring in human colorectal mucosa as shigella invasion proceeds. interaction of s. flexneri with individual epithelial cells shows a series of events in which the bacterium, upon contact with ... | 1998 | 9717250 |
| the shigella virulence gene regulatory cascade: a paradigm of bacterial gene control mechanisms. | shigella flexneri is the causative agent of bacillary dysentery and is a facultative intracellular pathogen. its virulence regulon is subject to tight control by several mechanisms involving the products of over 20 genes and an array of environmental signals. the reguion is carried on a plasmid that is prone to instability and to integration into the chromosome, with associated silencing of the virulence genes. closely related regulons are found in other species of shigella and in enteroinvasive ... | 1998 | 9723908 |
| enteroinvasive bacteria directly activate expression of inos and no production in human colon epithelial cells. | in these studies, we investigated whether bacterial infection of human colon epithelial cells is a sufficient stimulus to upregulate epithelial cell expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and nitric oxide (no) production. human colon epithelial cells (caco-2 and ht-29) rapidly upregulated inos mrna and protein expression and no production after infection with enteroinvasive escherichia coli, salmonella dublin, or shigella flexneri but not after infection with noninvasive e. coli or ... | 1998 | 9724270 |
| age-related prevalence of shigella and salmonella antibodies and their association with diarrhoeal diseases in peruvian children. | shigella and salmonella antibodies in relation to diarrhoea were studied in a cohort of 413 children between 2 and 27 months of age in peri-urban lima, peru. blood samples were obtained at 2, 3 and 12 months of age. antibody titres against lipopolysaccharide from shigella flexneri serotype y, shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, shigella sonnei, salmonella serogroups ao, bo, do, and shigella ipa and salmonella typhi vi antigens were measured by enzyme immunoassay. igg titres against s. flexneri and ... | 1998 | 9730303 |
| an outbreak of infection with shigella flexneri 1b in south east england. | 1998 | 9737062 | |
| serotype conversion of a shigella flexneri candidate vaccine strain via a novel site-specific chromosome-integration system. | shigella flexneri sfl124 (serotype y) is a promising live oral vaccine candidate, which has been shown to be safe and immunogenic in human volunteers. to change the serotype of this vaccine strain, we inserted a serotype conversion gene cluster into the chromosome of sfl124 by using a bacteriophage-based site-specific integration system. by cloning an integrase gene (int), an attachment site (attp) and a glucosyl transfer gene cluster from bacteriophage sfx into a suicide vector, and subsequentl ... | 1998 | 9741086 |
| identification of two shigella flexneri chromosomal loci involved in intercellular spreading. | the ability of shigella flexneri to multiply within colonic epithelial cells and spread to adjacent cells is essential for production of dysentery. two s. flexneri chromosomal loci that are required for these processes were identified by screening a pool of tnphoa insertion mutants. these mutants were able to invade cultured epithelial cells but could not form wild-type plaques. analysis of the nucleotide sequence indicated that the sites of tnphoa insertion were within two different regions tha ... | 1998 | 9746567 |
| expression of the virulence plasmid-carried apyrase gene (apy) of enteroinvasive escherichia coli and shigella flexneri is under the control of h-ns and the virf and virb regulatory cascade. | the transcription of the virulence plasmid (pinv)-carried invasion genes of shigella flexneri and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) is induced at 37 degreesc and repressed at 30 degreesc. in this work, we report that the o135: k-:h- eiec strain hn280 and s. flexneri sfzm53, m90t, and 454, of serotypes 4, 5, and 2a, respectively, produce apyrase (atp-diphosphohydrolase), the product of the apy gene. in addition, the s. flexneri strains, but not the eiec strain, produce a nonspecific phosphat ... | 1998 | 9746603 |
| shigella infections among children in andaman--an archipelago of tropical islands in bay of bengal. | shigellosis is common among children in the andaman and nicobar islands. our experience showed two distinct features of shigellosis within a span of 3 years in 1994-6: (i) changing patterns of serotype or subtype specific shigellosis and (ii) emergence of multidrug resistant isolates with changing r-patterns. the rate of isolation was 10.4-27.9% with the rate of isolation of shigella flexneri interchanging with s. dysenteriae alternately. in 1994, s. flexneri superseded s. dysenteriae (48.6% vs. ... | 1998 | 9747754 |
| h-ns regulates dna repair in shigella. | we report a new role for h-ns in shigella spp.: suppression of repair of dna damage after uv irradiation. h-ns-mediated suppression of virulence gene expression is thermoregulated in shigella, being functional at 30 degrees c and nonfunctional at 37 to 40 degrees c. we find that h-ns-mediated suppression of dna repair after uv irradiation is also thermoregulated. thus, shigella flexneri m90t, incubated at 37 or 40 degrees c postirradiation, shows up to 30-fold higher survival than when incubated ... | 1998 | 9748466 |
| molecular characterization of the virulence gene virg of ptiku 12. | the virulence (vir) genes of agrobacterium tumefaciens ku12, a korean strain, were not induced by acetosyringone and the strain showed weak tumor forming ability and broad plant host ranges. we identified complete nucleotide sequence of virg of ptiku12, an octopine ti plasmid of this strain. when it was compared with those of other ti plasmids, ptiku12 virg contained an open reading frame (orf) of 726 nucleotides which showed much lower homology (about 77%) than those (above 98%) already known a ... | 1998 | 9749525 |
| acid-sensitive enteric pathogens are protected from killing under extremely acidic conditions of ph 2.5 when they are inoculated onto certain solid food sources. | gastric acidity is recognized as the first line of defense against food-borne pathogens, and the ability of pathogens to resist this ph corresponds to their oral infective dose (id). naturally occurring and genetically engineered acid-sensitive enteric pathogens were examined for their ability to survive under acidic conditions of ph 2.5 for 2 h at 37 degreesc when inoculated onto ground beef. each of the strains displayed significantly high survival rates under these normally lethal conditions. ... | 1998 | 9758814 |
| a chloride-inducible acid resistance mechanism in lactococcus lactis and its regulation. | previously, a promoter was identified in lactococcus lactis that is specifically induced by chloride. here, we describe the nucleotide sequence and functional analysis of two genes transcribed from this promoter, gadc and gadb. gadc is homologous to putative glutamate-gamma-aminobutyrate antiporters of escherichia coli and shigella flexneri and contains 12 putative membrane-spanning domains. gadb shows similarity to glutamate decarboxylases. a l. lactis gadb mutant and a strain that is unable to ... | 1998 | 9484886 |
| intracellular multiplication and virulence of shigella flexneri auxotrophic mutants. | we have constructed and analyzed a group of shigella flexneri 5 auxotrophic mutants. the wild-type strain m90t was mutagenized in genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of (i) aromatic amino acids, (ii) nucleotides, and (iii) diaminopimelic acid. in this way, strains with single (arob, aroc, arod, pure, thya, and dapb) and double (pure arob, pure aroc, pure arod, pure thya) mutations were obtained. although the aro mutants had the same nutritional requirements when grown in laboratory ... | 1998 | 9453608 |
| immunogenicity of ipac-hybrid proteins expressed in the shigella flexneri 2a vaccine candidate sc602. | we have investigated the capacity of live attenuated shigella flexneri strains to act as vectors for the induction of local and systemic antibody responses against heterologous epitopes. the s. flexneri ipac antigen was selected as a carrier protein into which the c3 neutralizing epitope of the poliovirus vp1 protein was inserted in eight sites distributed along ipac. the resulting ipac-c3 hybrid proteins were expressed from recombinant plasmids in the s. flexneri 2a vaccine candidate, sc602. th ... | 1998 | 9423842 |
| structural determination of the o-antigenic polysaccharide from the enterotoxigenic escherichia coli o147. | the structure of the o-antigenic polysaccharide from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli o147 has been determined by nmr spectroscopy, and component and methylation analyses. the sequence of the sugar residues could be determined by noesy and heteronuclear-multiple-bond-connectivity nmr experiments. it is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of tetrasaccharide repeating units with the following structure: -->4)-beta-d-galpa-(1-->3)-beta-d-galpnac-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rhap+ ++-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rh ... | 1998 | 9492329 |
| relationship between o-serogroup and presence of pathogenic factor genes in escherichia coli. | a total of 383 isolates of serogroup-based enteropathogenic and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (310 strains of epec and 73 strains of eiec) were examined for the presence of corresponding pathogenic genes. the serogroup-based epec consisted of 232 strains isolated from diarrhea patients and of 78 strains from healthy carriers. the gene encoding intimin, eaea, was detected in 42 of the 232 epec strains from patients (18.1%) and 9 of the 78 strains from carriers (11.5%). the difference was not si ... | 1998 | 10037219 |
| antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profiles of shigella flexneri isolates from children with diarrhoea in islamabad, pakistan. | 1998 | 10052914 | |
| molecular bases of epithelial cell invasion by shigella flexneri. | the pathogenesis of shigellosis is characterized by the capacity of the causative microorganism, shigella, to invade the epithelial cells that compose the mucosal surface of the colon in humans. the invasive process encompasses several steps which can be summarized as follows: entry of bacteria into epithelial cells involves signalling pathways that elicit a macropinocitic event. upon contact with the cell surface, s. flexneri activates a mxi/spa secretory apparatus encoded by two operons compri ... | 1998 | 10081579 |
| shigella infection in macaque colonies: case report of an eradication and control program. | a primate colony comprising three distinct but interrelated units had long-term history of undiagnosed diarrhea and associated deaths for many years. in 1989, the clinical problem was recognized as a confounding factor for the experimental work, and steps were taken to eradicate the disease. this was done by a combined approach involving improved sample collection techniques and microbiological methods, treatment of all animals in the colony, and improvement in management. these management chang ... | 1998 | 10090037 |
| [the efficacy of intetrix in the combined treatment of patients with shigelloses]. | efficacy was studied of intetrix in the treatment of acute sonnei's shigellosis and flexner's shigellosis in 32 patients presenting with mild and moderately severe course of their illness. the intretrix group patients fared better compared with controls who received furazolidon as an etiotropic drug, with the duration of intoxication symptoms getting shorter, abdominal pains and diarrhea subsiding. intetrix tended to be associated with a lower incidence of unfavourable outcomes, both immediate a ... | 1998 | 10204377 |
| shigella and the fluorinated quinolones. | between july 1996 to june 1997 a total of 531 stool samples from cases of acute diarrhoea, dysentry, colitis admitted to kasturba medical college hospital, manipal were investigated. shigella were isolated from 29 samples (5.46%). out of them, shigella flexneri were 16 (55.17%), shigella boydii 8 (27.58%), shigella dysentriae 3 (10.34%) and shigella sonnei 2 (6.89%). five strains of shigella flexneri and one strain of shigella dysentriae were found to show resistance to nalidixic acid and the ne ... | 1998 | 9866907 |
| novel combination of mutations in the dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv genes in laboratory-grown fluoroquinolone-resistant shigella flexneri mutants. | 1998 | 9867794 | |
| protein-protein interactions in the assembly of shigella flexneri invasion plasmid antigens ipab and ipac into protein complexes. | shigella flexneri is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that invades human colonic epithelial cells by a process called pathogen-induced phagocytosis. pathogen entry requires three virulence plasmid-encoded proteins called invasion plasmid antigens (ipa) b, c and d which are secreted upon bacterial contact with a host cell. following their secretion, ipab and ipac are found within a complex of proteins that may also contain ipaa and ipad. previous work has shown that exogenously adde ... | 1998 | 9920383 |
| shigellosis in children: a clinico-epidemiological comparison between shigella dysenteriae type i and shigella flexneri. | we reviewed the clinical and epidemiological features of 390 children under 5 years of age infected with either shigella dysenteriae type i or shigella flexneri attending a diarrhoea treatment centre from 1993 to 1995 in dhaka, bangladesh. older age (24 months or more), underweight and wasting but not stunting were the host factors significantly more associated with shigella dysenteriae type i infection than in shigella flexneri-infected children. moreover, use of antibiotics at home, use of wat ... | 1998 | 9924557 |
| [importance of the eradication of the focus of infection and the synchronized correction of disturbed intestinal microflora in shigellosis patients]. | the dynamic study of the characteristics of serum specific shigella endotoxinemia was carried out in 60 patients with s.flexneri infection by eia techniques. in addition, the level of re-glycolipid in the blood of patients was determined in eia with the use of re-antibodies with the simultaneous study of the rectal microbiocenosis. the degree of dysbiotic disturbances in the intestine was found to be directly related to the levels of lps of s.flexneri 2a o-antigens and re-glycolipid of gram-nega ... | 1998 | 9949508 |
| [modern views on the molecular biological foundations of the pathogenesis of shigella infections]. | 1998 | 9949517 | |
| comparison of survival of diarrhoeagenic agents in two local weaning foods (ogi and koko). | the ph values of both cooked and uncooked ogi and koko samples were determined and the survival rate of four diarrhoeagenic agents, enteroinvasive escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, and vibrio cholerae were studied after they were seeded into cooked ogi and koko. analysis of the ph of the cooked inoculated samples showed that there was a slight increase in ph (decrease in acidity) during storage for 48 h and 37 degrees c (from 3.5 to 3.7 for ogi and from 3.7 to 4.1 for koko). ... | 1998 | 9972074 |
| "black holes" and bacterial pathogenicity: a large genomic deletion that enhances the virulence of shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. | plasmids, bacteriophages, and pathogenicity islands are genomic additions that contribute to the evolution of bacterial pathogens. for example, shigella spp., the causative agents of bacillary dysentery, differ from the closely related commensal escherichia coli in the presence of a plasmid in shigella that encodes virulence functions. however, pathogenic bacteria also may lack properties that are characteristic of nonpathogens. lysine decarboxylase (ldc) activity is present in approximately 90% ... | 1998 | 9520472 |
| antimicrobial resistance in shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei in hong kong, 1986 to 1995. | three hundred and thirty-three shigella isolates obtained in 1986 to 1995 were tested for their susceptibilities to 19 antimicrobial agents. nalidixic acid resistance had emerged in 59.6% of shigella flexneri isolates during 1994 to 1995, with all tested resistant isolates having the mutation in gyra encoding the ser-83 alteration. multiresistance (resistance to four or more agents) was more common in s. flexneri than in shigella sonnei. | 1998 | 9527803 |
| an essential role for gamma interferon in innate resistance to shigella flexneri infection. | shigella spp. are the major cause of bacillary dysentery worldwide. to identify immune effectors associated with protection of the naive host during infection, the susceptibility to pulmonary shigella infection of each of various mouse strains that have a targeted deletion in a specific aspect of the immune system was evaluated. our results demonstrate that mice deficient in gamma interferon are 5 orders of magnitude more susceptible to shigella than are wild-type mice, whereas mice deficient in ... | 1998 | 9529051 |
| increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in shigellas from humans in england and wales: recommendations for therapy. | since 1983 the incidence of resistance to ampicillin in shigella dysenteriae, sh. flexneri, and sh. boydii infections in england and wales has increased from 42% to 65% and the incidence of resistance to trimethoprim, from 6% to 64%. furthermore, of 1524 strains received in 1995-1996, 46% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. for sh. sonnei almost 50% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin or trimethoprim and 15% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. these results demonstra ... | 1998 | 9533726 |
| identification of a novel salmonella invasion locus homologous to shigella ipgde. | genes essential for salmonella typhimurium invasion have been localized to salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1) on the chromosome. however, it is clear that other genes are required for the invasion process. mutations that abolish the spi1 invasion type iii secretion system do not significantly reduce invasion into chinese hamster ovary tissue culture cells. two invasion defective mutants were isolated by screening 2,500 tn10dtc insertion mutants of s. typhimurium in the tissue culture invas ... | 1998 | 9537377 |
| the in situ infrared microspectroscopy of bacterial colonies on agar plates. | the specular reflectance infrared spectra of thirty species of bacteria were obtained in situ, without their removal from the agar growth media, using the infrared microscope. compared to transmittance spectra obtained from dehydrated films, the transformed reflectance spectra show significant band shifts which are greater for gram positive bacteria. the most notable shift occurs in the v[a](po2-) band which shifts 8 cm(-1) higher upon removal of water. in addition, some measure of the different ... | 1998 | 9551654 |
| assessment of invasion frequencies of cultured hep-2 cells by clinical isolates of helicobacter pylori using an acridine orange assay. | recent studies suggest that helicobacter pylori is an invasive enteropathogen. however, the efficiency with which this pathogen invades mammalian cells remains unknown. therefore, this study was designed to investigate the invasion frequencies of hep-2 cells by clinical strains of h pylori. | 1998 | 9602686 |
| the vacb gene required for virulence in shigella flexneri and escherichia coli encodes the exoribonuclease rnase r. | vacb, a gene previously shown to be required for expression of virulence in shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli, has been found to encode the 3'-5' exoribonuclease, rnase r. thus, cloning of e. coli vacb led to overexpression of rnase r activity, and partial deletion or interruption of the cloned gene abolished this overexpression. interruption of the chromosomal copy of vacb eliminated endogenous rnase r activity; however, the absence of rnase r by itself had no effect on cell growth. ... | 1998 | 9603904 |
| [multiple antibiotic resistance mediated by r plasmid in shigella flexneri strains isolated in the northeast of brazil]. | in shigella strains were studied the molecular mechanism that mediated the multiply antibiotic-resistance. twenty-six strains of shigella flexneri were utilised in this investigation. these strains were submitted to disk diffusion test, mating experiments and plasmid isolation. in relation to antibiotics resistance standard it was observed that all shigella flexneri strains were resistant to at least, three antibiotics tested. from twenty-six shigella flexneri strains donors submitted to conjuga ... | 1998 | 9612017 |
| identification of epitope and surface-exposed domains of shigella flexneri invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad). | transport and surface expression of the invasion plasmid antigens (ipa proteins) is an essential trait in the pathogenicity of shigella spp. in addition to the type iii protein secretion system encoded by the mxi/spa loci on the large virulence plasmid, transport of ipab and ipac into the surrounding medium is modulated by ipad. to characterize the structural topography of ipad, the geysen epitope-mapping system was used to identify epitopes recognized by surface-reactive monoclonal and polyclon ... | 1998 | 9573082 |
| neural wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein is implicated in the actin-based motility of shigella flexneri. | shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, is capable of directing its own movement in the cytoplasm of infected epithelial cells. the bacterial surface protein virg recruits host components mediating actin polymerization, which is thought to serve as the propulsive force. here, we show that neural wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp), which is a critical target for filopodium formation downstream of cdc42, is required for assembly of the actin tail generated by intracellular s.f ... | 1998 | 9582270 |