Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| emerging drugs and drug targets against tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis), the causative agent of tuberculosis, uses various tactics to resist on antibiotics and evade host immunity. to control tuberculosis, antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action are urgently needed. emerging new antibiotics and underlying novel drug targets are summarized in this paper. | 2017 | 27822967 |
| osdr of streptomyces coelicolor and the dormancy regulator devr of mycobacterium tuberculosis control overlapping regulons. | two-component regulatory systems allow bacteria to respond adequately to changes in their environment. in response to a given stimulus, a sensory kinase activates its cognate response regulator via reversible phosphorylation. the response regulator devr activates a state of dormancy under hypoxia in mycobacterium tuberculosis, allowing this pathogen to escape the host defense system. here, we show that osdr (sco0204) of the soil bacterium streptomyces coelicolor is a functional orthologue of dev ... | 2017 | 27822533 |
| wnt5a deficiency regulates inflammatory cytokine secretion, polarization, and apoptosis in mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages. | tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), is one of the global public health catastrophes. wnt signaling has recently been identified to exert immunoregulatory functions in a variety of inflammatory and infectious diseases, including tuberculosis. the opposite expression of wnt5a in human and mice during mtb infection drives us to explore the roles and biological significances of reduced wnt5a for mtb-treated mice. in our study, the reduction of wnt5a in mtb ... | 2017 | 27828711 |
| recent transmission of drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in a prison population in southern brazil. | we conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study, characterized by classical and molecular epidemiology, involving m. tuberculosis isolates from a regional prison in southern brazil. between january of 2011 and august of 2014, 379 prisoners underwent sputum smear microscopy and culture; 53 (13.9%) were diagnosed with active tuberculosis. of those, 8 (22.9%) presented with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis. strain genotyping was carried out by 15-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit ... | 2017 | 27832237 |
| imaging in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a major global public health problem, with 1.5 million deaths annually worldwide. one in five cases of tb present as extrapulmonary tb (eptb), posing major diagnostic and management challenges. mycobacterium tuberculosis adapts to a quiescent physiological state and is notable for its complex interaction with the host, producing poorly understood disease states ranging from latent infection to active clinical disease. new tools in the diagnostic armamentarium are urgent ... | 2017 | 27838445 |
| sequential rapid oral desensitization to rifampin and moxifloxacin for the treatment of active mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2017 | 27838324 | |
| phenotypically resembling myeloid derived suppressor cells are increased in children with hiv and exposed/infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | increased disease susceptibility during early life has been linked to immune immaturity, regulatory t-cell/th2 immune biasing and hyporesponsiveness. the contribution of myeloid derived suppressor cells (mdscs) remains uninvestigated. here, we assessed peripheral mdsc in hiv-infected and -uninfected children with tuberculosis (tb) disease before, during and after tb treatment, along with matched household contacts (hhcs), hiv-exposed, -infected and -uninfected children without recent tb exposure ... | 2017 | 27861788 |
| cloaked dagger: trna slicing by an unlikely culprit. | the unusually high number of toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems in mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, is thought to contribute to the unique ability of this pathogen to evade killing by the immune system and persist as a latent infection. one ta family, designated mazef (for the maze antitoxin and mazf toxin), comprises 10 of the >80 ta systems in the m. tuberculosis genome. here we discuss the significance of our recent nucleic acids res. paper that reports a surprisin ... | 2017 | 27841735 |
| molecular characteristics of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from cutaneous tuberculosis patients in china. | cutaneous tuberculosis (ctb) is probably underreported due to difficulties in detection and diagnosis. to address this issue, genotypes of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from 30 patients with ctb were mapped at multiple loci, namely, rd105 deletions, spacer oligonucleotides, and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeats (miru-vntrs). fifty-eight strains of pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) were mapped as experimental controls. drug resistance-associated ge ... | 2017 | 27840887 |
| the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, guab2, is a vulnerable new bactericidal drug target for tuberculosis. | vcc234718, a molecule with growth inhibitory activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), was identified by phenotypic screening of a 15344-compound library. sequencing of a vcc234718-resistant mutant identified a y487c substitution in the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, guab2, which was subsequently validated to be the primary molecular target of vcc234718 in mtb. vcc234718 inhibits mtb guab2 with a ki of 100 nm and is uncompetitive with respect to imp and nad(+). this compound binds ... | 2017 | 27726334 |
| genetic lineages of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in isfahan, iran. | in this study, we aimed to identify the genetic lineages of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in isfahan via the mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable number tandem repeat typing method based on 15 loci. forty-nine m. tuberculosis isolates were collected between 2013 and 2015 from tuberculosis patients in mollahadi sabzevari tuberculosis center in isfahan. all isolates were typed by 15-locus miru-vntr typing. the highest percentage of isolates, 44.89 % (22/49), belonged to the eu ... | 2017 | 27743106 |
| a novel strategy based on genomics and specific pcr reveals how a multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strain became prevalent in equatorial guinea 15 years after its emergence. | molecular epidemiology techniques in tuberculosis (tb) can identify high-risk strains that are actively transmitted. we aimed to implement a novel strategy to optimize the identification and control of multidrug-resistant (mdr) tb in a specific population. | 2017 | 27746398 |
| antitubercular activity of 1,2,3-triazolyl fatty acid derivatives. | a collection of 1,2,3-triazoles unsaturated fatty acid mimics were efficiently synthesized by click chemistry. the 1,4-disubstituted analogs prepared covered different alkyl chain lengths and triazole positions. the compounds were subsequently tested against mycobacterium tuberculosis, being most of them active with some of the analogs displaying activity at micromolar concentration. the most potent member of the series has the triazole moiety on the c-2 position with a carbon chain of eight or ... | 2017 | 27750201 |
| attenuation of mycobacterium species through direct and macrophage mediated pathway by unsymmetrical diaryl urea. | tuberculosis is a major threat for mankind and the emergence of resistance strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) against first line antibiotics makes it lethal for human civilization. in this study, we have synthesized different diaryl urea derivatives targeting the inhibition of mycolic acid biosynthesis. among the 39 synthesized molecules, compounds 46, 57, 58 and 86 showed mic values ≤ 10 μg/ml against h37rv and mc(2)6030 strains. the best molecule with a methyl at ortho position of the ... | 2017 | 27750200 |
| preventing the spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and protecting contacts of infectious cases. | prevention of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr/xdr-tb) is a top priority for global tb control, given the need to limit epidemic spread and considering the high cost, toxicity and poor treatment outcomes with available therapies. we performed a systematic literature review to evaluate the evidence for strategies to reduce mdr/xdr-tb transmission and disease progression. rapid detection and timely initiation of effective treatment is critical to rendering mdr/x ... | 2017 | 27592087 |
| transposition mechanism, molecular characterization and evolution of is6110, the specific evolutionary marker of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | the mycobacterial insertion sequence is6110 proved crucial in deciphering tuberculosis (tb) transmission dynamics. this sequence was also shown to play an important role in the pathogenicity (transmission ability and/or virulence) of mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main causative agent of tb in humans. in this study, we explored the usefulness of is6110 and its potential as a phylogenetic/typing marker. we also analyzed the genetic polymorphism and evolutionary trends (selective pressure) of its ... | 2017 | 27766569 |
| modulation of the immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis during malaria/m. tuberculosis co-infection. | tuberculosis (tb) causes significant morbidity and mortality on a global scale. the african region has 24% of the world's tb cases. tb overlaps with other infectious diseases such as malaria and hiv, which are also highly prevalent in the african region. tb is a leading cause of death among hiv-positive patients and co-infection with hiv and tb has been described as a syndemic. in view of the overlapping epidemiology of these diseases, it is important to understand the dynamics of the immune res ... | 2017 | 27577087 |
| mir144* inhibits antimicrobial responses against mycobacterium tuberculosis in human monocytes and macrophages by targeting the autophagy protein dram2. | autophagy is an important antimicrobial effector process that defends against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), the human pathogen causing tuberculosis (tb). micrornas (mirnas), endogenous noncoding rnas, are involved in various biological functions and act as post-transcriptional regulators to target mrnas. the process by which mirnas affect antibacterial autophagy and host defense mechanisms against mtb infections in human monocytes and macrophages is largely uncharacterized. in this study, we ... | 2017 | 27764573 |
| whole genome sequencing of mycobacterium tuberculosis for detection of drug resistance: a systematic review. | we conducted a systematic review to determine the diagnostic accuracy of whole genome sequencing (wgs) of mycobacterium tuberculosis for the detection of resistance to first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis (tb) drugs. | 2017 | 27665704 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis and whole genome sequencing: a practical guide and online tools available for the clinical microbiologist. | whole genome sequencing (wgs) has the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection but the lack of bioinformatic expertise among clinical microbiologists is a barrier for adoption. software products for analysis should be simple, free of charge, able to accept data directly from the sequencer (fastq files) and to provide the basic functionalities all-in-one. the main aim of this narrative review is to provide a practical guide for the clinical microbiologist, ... | 2017 | 27642177 |
| the bacillary and macrophage response to hypoxia in tuberculosis and the consequences for t cell antigen recognition. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is a facultative anaerobe and its characteristic pathological hallmark, the granuloma, exhibits hypoxia in humans and in most experimental models. thus the host and bacillary adaptation to hypoxia is of central importance in understanding pathogenesis and thereby to derive new drug treatments and vaccines. | 2017 | 27780773 |
| structural simplification of bedaquiline: the discovery of 3-(4-(n,n-dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl)quinoline-derived antitubercular lead compounds. | bedaquiline (bdq) is a novel and highly potent last-line antituberculosis drug that was approved by the us fda in 2013. owing to its stereo-structural complexity, chemical synthesis and compound optimization are rather difficult and expensive. this study describes the structural simplification of bedaquiline while preserving antitubercular activity. the compound's structure was split into fragments and reassembled in various combinations while replacing the two chiral carbon atoms with an achira ... | 2017 | 27792278 |
| learning from the past for tb drug discovery in the future. | tuberculosis drug discovery has shifted in recent years from a primarily target-based approach to one that uses phenotypic high-throughput screens. as examples of this, through our eu-funded fp7 collaborations, new medicines for tuberculosis was target-based and our more-recent more medicines for tuberculosis project predominantly used phenotypic screening. from these projects we have examples of success (dpre1) and failure (pima) going from drug to target and from target to drug, respectively. ... | 2017 | 27717850 |
| whole genome sequencing for m/xdr tuberculosis surveillance and for resistance testing. | whole genome sequencing (wgs) can help to relate mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes to one another to assess genetic relatedness and infer the likelihood of transmission between cases. the same sequence data are now increasingly being used to predict drug resistance and susceptibility. controlling the spread of tuberculosis and providing patients with the correct treatment are central to the world health organization's target to 'end tb' by 2035, for which the global prevalence of drug-resistant ... | 2017 | 27789378 |
| strategy for designing selective α-l-rhamnosidase inhibitors: synthesis and biological evaluation of l-dmdp cyclic isothioureas. | this study shows that the cyclization of l-dmdp thioureas to bicyclic l-dmdp isothioureas improved α-l-rhamnosidase inhibition which was further enhanced by increasing the length of the alkyl chain. the addition of a long alkyl chain, such as decyl or dodecyl, to the nitrogen led to the production of highly potent inhibitors of α-l-rhamnosidase; it also caused broad inhibition spectrum against β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase. in contrast, the corresponding n-benzyl-l-dmdp cyclic isothioureas d ... | 2017 | 27789075 |
| parallel reaction monitoring of clinical mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages reveals pre-existent markers of rifampicin tolerance in the emerging beijing lineage. | the spread of multidrug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the major challenges in tuberculosis control. in eurasia, the spread of multidrug resistant tuberculosis is driven by the m. tuberculosis beijing genotype. in this study, we examined whether selective advantages are present in the proteome of beijing isolates that contribute to the emergence of this genotype. to this end, we compared the proteome of m. tuberculosis beijing to that of m. tuberculosis h37rv, both in the presenc ... | 2017 | 27576137 |
| uptake and metabolism of fluorescent steroids by mycobacterial cells. | fluorescent steroids bodipy-cholesterol (bpch) and 7-nitrobenzoxadiazole-4-amino-(nbd)-labeled 22-nbd-chelesterol (22nc) as well as synthesized 20-(nbd)-pregn-5-en-3β-ol (20np) were found to undergo bioconversions by mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv and m. smegmatis mc(2) 155. the major fluorescent products were determined to be 4-en-3-one derivatives of the compounds. degradation of nbd fluorophore was also detected in the cases of 22nc and 20np, but neither nbd degradation nor steroidal part m ... | 2017 | 27718364 |
| current perspectives on the families of glycoside hydrolases of mycobacterium tuberculosis: their importance and prospects for assigning function to unknowns. | glycoside hydrolases (ghs) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in glycoconjugates, oligo- and polysaccharides. a classification of these enzymes based on conserved sequence and structure motifs supported by the carbohydrate active enzyme (cazy) database has proven useful in the systematic groupings of similar enzymes into families. the human pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis employs 30 ghs to perform a variety of different functions, which can be divided into four broa ... | 2017 | 27697825 |
| new antimycobacterial agents in the pre-clinical phase or beyond: recent advances in patent literature (2001-2016). | tuberculosis, an infectious disease, has caused more deaths worldwide than any other single infectious disease, killing more than 1.5 million people each year; equating to 4,100 deaths a day. in the past 60 years, no new drugs have been added to the first line regimen, in spite of the fact that thousands of papers have been published on drugs against tuberculosis and hundreds of drugs have received patents as new potential products. thus, there is undoubtedly an urgent need for the deployment of ... | 2017 | 27796146 |
| bacterial pili, with emphasis on mycobacterium tuberculosis curli pili: potential biomarkers for point-of care tests and therapeutics. | novel biomarkers are essential for developing rapid diagnostics and therapeutic interventions objective: this review aimed to highlight biomarker characterisation and assessment of unique bacterial pili. | 2017 | 27797276 |
| characterization of culture filtrate proteins rv1197 and rv1198 of esat-6 family from mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. | we have characterized two immunogenic proteins, rv1197 and rv1198, of the esx-5 system of the esat-6 family of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. | 2017 | 27751956 |
| mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacies of the lipophilic antimycobacterial agents clofazimine and bedaquiline. | drug-resistant (dr)-tb is the major challenge confronting the global tb control programme, necessitating treatment with second-line anti-tb drugs, often with limited therapeutic efficacy. this scenario has resulted in the inclusion of group 5 antibiotics in various therapeutic regimens, two of which promise to impact significantly on the outcome of the therapy of dr-tb. these are the 're-purposed' riminophenazine, clofazimine, and the recently approved diarylquinoline, bedaquiline. although they ... | 2017 | 27798208 |
| clofazimine has delayed antimicrobial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis both in vitro and in vivo. | the anti-leprosy drug clofazimine has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis and has been associated with treatment-shortening activity in both clinical and preclinical studies of tb chemotherapy. however, a reported lack of early bactericidal activity (eba) in tb patients has raised questions regarding the usefulness of clofazimine as an anti-tb drug. our objective was to systematically evaluate the eba of clofazimine in vitro and in vivo to provide insight ... | 2017 | 27798204 |
| unique regulation of the dosr regulon in the beijing lineage of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the dosr regulon, a set of 48 genes normally expressed in mycobacterium tuberculosis under conditions that inhibit aerobic respiration, is controlled via the dosr-doss/dost two-component system. while the regulon requires induction in most m. tuberculosis isolates, for members of the beijing lineage, its expression is uncoupled from the need for signaling. in our attempts to understand the mechanistic basis for this uncoupling in the beijing background, we previously reported the identification ... | 2017 | 27799329 |
| caught between two proteins: a mycobacterial inhibitor challenges the mold. | elucidating the target or mechanism of action of potential drugs in the discovery pipeline is an integral component of most programs. for antibacterial compounds, generation of resistant mutants followed by whole genome sequencing has often been successful in uncovering the proteins involved in regulating compound activation, uptake, efflux and importantly, target processes. when this process succeeds, we are quick to declare a target. in a study reported by sing and dhar et al. (in press), the ... | 2017 | 27802567 |
| t-cell exhaustion in tuberculosis: pitfalls and prospects. | t-cells play an important role in immunity but when these cells are overexposed to specific antigens, their function may decline. this state is usually referred to as exhaustion and the t-cells show reduced proliferation and functions such as cytokine release. t-cell exhaustion has been observed in several cancers as well as in chronic infections such as tuberculosis (tb). in chronic mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection, t-cells may express the exhaustion phenotype and show a progressive l ... | 2017 | 27800700 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis multi-drug-resistant strain m induces il-17(+) ifnγ(-) cd4(+) t cell expansion through an il-23 and tgf-β-dependent mechanism in patients with mdr-tb tuberculosis. | we have reported previously that t cells from patients with multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) express high levels of interleukin (il)-17 in response to the mdr strain m (haarlem family) of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis). herein, we explore the pathways involved in the induction of th17 cells in mdr-tb patients and healthy tuberculin reactors [purified protein derivative healthy donors (ppd(+) hd)] by the m strain and the laboratory strain h37rv. our results show that il-1β ... | 2017 | 27681197 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis infection manipulates the glycosylation machinery and the n-glycoproteome of human macrophages and their microparticles. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a prevalent and lethal infectious disease. the glycobiology associated with mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of frontline alveolar macrophages is still unresolved. herein, we investigated the regulation of protein n-glycosylation in human macrophages and their secreted microparticles (mps) used for intercellular communication upon m. tb infection. lc-ms/ms-based proteomics and glycomics were performed to monitor the regulation of glycosylation enzymes and receptors ... | 2017 | 27760463 |
| insight into the diagnosis and management of subclinical genital tuberculosis in women with infertility. | genital tuberculosis (gtb) is an important cause of infertility in india. lack of an accurate diagnostic test has led to an indiscriminate use of antitubercular treatment in infertile women. apart from concerns of drug toxicity, this may be a contributing factor in the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant tb reported in india. we conducted a study to analyze whether a combination of tests could help improve diagnostic accuracy. an algorithm for the management of gtb in infertile women bas ... | 2017 | 27803580 |
| detection of isoniazid-, fluoroquinolone-, amikacin-, and kanamycin-resistant tuberculosis in an automated, multiplexed 10-color assay suitable for point-of-care use. | extensively drug-resistant (xdr) tuberculosis (tb) cannot be easily or quickly diagnosed. we developed a rapid, automated assay for the detection of xdr-tb plus resistance to the drug isoniazid (inh) for point-of-care use. using a simple filter-based cartridge with an integrated sample processing function, the assay identified a wide selection of wild-type and mutant sequences associated with xdr-tb directly from sputum. four new large-stokes-shift fluorophores were developed. when these four st ... | 2017 | 27807153 |
| early secretory antigenic target-6 drives matrix metalloproteinase-10 gene expression and secretion in tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) causes disease worldwide, and multidrug resistance is an increasing problem. matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), particularly the collagenase mmp-1, cause lung extracellular matrix destruction, which drives disease transmission and morbidity. the role in such tissue damage of the stromelysin mmp-10, a key activator of the collagenase mmp-1, was investigated in direct mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb)-infected macrophages and in conditioned medium from mtb-infected monocyte-stimula ... | 2017 | 27654284 |
| a new 'golden age' for the antitubercular target inha. | the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main contributing factor in unfavorable outcomes in the treatment of tuberculosis. studies suggest that direct inhibitors of inha, an enoyl-acp-reductase, might yield promising clinical candidates that can be developed into new antitubercular drugs. in this review, we describe the application of different hit-identification strategies to inha, which clearly illustrate the druggability of its active site ... | 2017 | 27663094 |
| inability of 'whole genome amplification' to improve success rates for the biomolecular detection of tuberculosis in archaeological samples. | we assessed the ability of whole genome amplification (wga) to improve the efficiency of downstream polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) directed at ancient dna (adna) of members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc). using extracts from a variety of bones and a tooth from human skeletons with or without lesions indicative of tuberculosis, from multiple time periods, we obtained inconsistent results. we conclude that wga does not provide any advantage in studies of mtbc adna. the sporadi ... | 2017 | 27654468 |
| immunotherapy added to antibiotic treatment reduces relapse of disease in a mouse model of tuberculosis. | immune-modulating drugs that target myeloid-derived suppressor cells or stimulate natural killer t cells have been shown to reduce mycobacterial loads in tuberculosis (tb). we aimed to determine if a combination of these drugs as adjunct immunotherapy to conventional antibiotic treatment could also increase therapeutic efficacy against tb. in our model of pulmonary tb in mice, we applied treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide for 13 weeks alone or combined with immunotherapy cons ... | 2017 | 27654457 |
| sample-to-answer on molecular diagnosis of bacterial infection using integrated lab--on--a--disc. | sepsis by bacterial infection causes high mortality in patients in intensive care unit (icu). rapid identification of bacterial infection is essential to ensure early appropriate administration of antibiotics to save lives of patients, yet the present benchtop molecular diagnosis is time-consuming and labor-intensive, which limits the treatment efficiency especially when the number of samples to be tested is extensive. therefore, we hereby report a microfluidic platform lab-on-a-disc (load) to p ... | 2017 | 27660018 |
| potential of ca(2+) in mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv pathogenesis and survival. | the host-pathogen interaction and involvement of calcium (ca(2+)) signaling in tuberculosis infection is crucial and plays a significant role in pathogenesis. ca(2+) is known as a ubiquitous second messenger that could control multiple processes and is included in cellular activities like division, motility, stress response, and signaling. however, ca(2+) is thought to be a regulative molecule in terms of tb infection but its binding relation with proteins/substrates molecules which are influenc ... | 2017 | 27660000 |
| structural studies of mycobacterium tuberculosis dpre1 interacting with its inhibitors. | the flavoenzyme dpre1 catalyses a crucial step in arabinan production for cell wall biosynthesis in mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a highly vulnerable drug target. it was first discovered using benzothiazinones (btz): exquisitely potent bactericidal agents that are being developed as drugs to treat tuberculosis. subsequently, many compounds with diverse scaffolds were found to act as either covalent or noncovalent dpre1 inhibitors. covalent inhibitors, like the btz, are all nitroaromatic comp ... | 2017 | 27666194 |
| programmed death-1(+) t cells inhibit effector t cells at the pathological site of miliary tuberculosis. | optimal t cell activation is vital for the successful resolution of microbial infections. programmed death-1 (pd-1) is a key immune check-point receptor expressed by activated t cells. aberrant/excessive inhibition mediated by pd-1 may impair host immunity to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, leading to disseminated disease such as miliary tuberculosis (mtb). pd-1 mediated inhibition of t cells in pulmonary tuberculosis and tb pleurisy is reported. however, their role in mtb, particularly at ... | 2017 | 27665733 |
| replacing, reducing and refining the use of animals in tuberculosis vaccine research. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a serious global health threat and an improved vaccine is urgently needed. new candidate tb vaccines are tested using preclinical animal models such as mice, guinea pigs, cattle and non-human primates. animals are routinely infected with virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) in challenge experiments to evaluate protective efficacy, raising ethical issues regarding the procedure of infection itself, symptoms of disease and humane end-points. we summarize the importan ... | 2017 | 27667476 |
| paired design of dcas9 as a systematic platform for the detection of featured nucleic acid sequences in pathogenic strains. | we developed an in vitro dna detection system using a pair of dcas9 proteins linked to split halves of luciferase. luminescence was induced upon colocalization of the reporter pair to a ∼44 bp target sequence defined by sgrnas. we used the system to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis dna with high specificity and sensitivity. the reprogrammability of dcas9 was further leveraged in an array design that accesses sequence information across the entire genome. | 2017 | 27718551 |
| tuberculosis: is the landscape changing? | robert heinrich herman koch, a german physician and microbiologist, received nobel prize in 1905 for identifying the specific causative agent of tuberculosis (tb). during his time it was believed that tb was an inherited disease. however he was convinced that the disease was caused by a bacterium and was infectious, tested his postulates using guinea pigs, and found the causative agent to be slow growing mycobacterium tuberculosis. tb is the second most common cause of death from infectious dise ... | 2017 | 27723725 |
| changing prevalence and resistance patterns in children with drug-resistant tuberculosis in mumbai. | the prevalence of drug-resistant (dr) tuberculosis (tb) in children is increasing. although, in india, multi-drug-resistant (mdr) tb rates have been relatively stable, the number of children with pre-extensively drug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (xdr) tb is increasing. | 2017 | 27686119 |
| eosinophilic cystitis and cholangitis - systemic disease triggered by mycobacterium tuberculosis? | eosinophilic cystitis (ec) is a rare inflammatory disorder of the urinary tract characterized by infiltration of bladder with eosinophils. the cause remains unclear, immunological mechanisms have been implicated in pathogenesis. potential etiological factors include: tumors, allergy, parasitic infections, trauma. the disease may have a variable course, from a mild self-limiting, through common symptoms like: dysuria, hematuria, abdominal pain, tumor, to severe renal failure, with eosinophilic in ... | 2017 | 27717950 |
| evaluation of in vivo antimycobacterial activity of some folklore medicinal plants and enumeration of colony forming unit in murine model. | the present study was carried out to investigate the in vivo antimycobacterial activity of methanol extract of alstonia scholaris and mucuna imbricata in murine model. | 2017 | 27721538 |
| essential but not vulnerable: indazole sulfonamides targeting inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase as potential leads against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | a potent, noncytotoxic indazole sulfonamide was identified by high-throughput screening of >100,000 synthetic compounds for activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). this noncytotoxic compound did not directly inhibit cell wall biogenesis but triggered a slow lysis of mtb cells as measured by release of intracellular green fluorescent protein (gfp). isolation of resistant mutants followed by whole-genome sequencing showed an unusual gene amplification of a 40 gene region spanning from r ... | 2017 | 27704782 |
| do leprosy and tuberculosis generate a systemic inflammatory shift? setting the ground for a new dialogue between experimental immunology and bioarchaeology. | it is possible that during long lasting chronic infections such as tuberculosis (tb) and leprosy individuals who generate a stronger immune response will produce a chronic shift in the systemic levels of inflammatory proteins. consequently, the systemic immunological shift could affect inflammatory responses against other persistent pathogens such as porphyromonas gingivalis associated with periodontal disease (pd). | 2017 | 27704524 |
| effect of peg and water-soluble chitosan coating on moxifloxacin-loaded plga long-circulating nanoparticles. | moxifloxacin (mox) is a mycobacterium tuberculosis dna gyrase inhibitor. due to its intense hydrophilicity, mox is cleared from the body within 24 h and required for repetitive doses which may then result in hepatotoxicity and acquisition of mox resistant-tb, related with its use. to overcome the aforementioned limitations, the current study aimed to develop plga nanoparticles (plga nps), to act as an efficient carrier for controlled delivery of mox. to achieve a substantial extension in blood c ... | 2017 | 27576453 |
| design, docking analysis, identification, and synthesis of novel 3-(((substituted phenyl) amino)methyl)-2-methylquinazolin-4(3h)-one compounds to fight tuberculosis. | in this study, a series of novel scaffold-based 3-(((substituted phenyl)amino)methyl)-2-methylquinazolin-4(3h)-one compounds, 3a-3r, was synthesized, characterized, and screened for its in vitro activity against the h37ra strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis. a number of analogs were found to have highly potent anti-tuberculosis activity. compound 3m in particular had potent activity equal to that of the standard anti-tuberculosis drug rifampicin. new leads can be generated with the model develo ... | 2017 | 27594295 |
| imaging flow cytometry analysis of intracellular pathogens. | imaging flow cytometry has been applied to address questions in infection biology, in particular, infections induced by intracellular pathogens. this methodology, which utilizes specialized analytic software makes it possible to analyze hundreds of quantified features for hundreds of thousands of individual cellular or subcellular events in a single experiment. imaging flow cytometry analysis of host cell-pathogen interaction can thus quantitatively addresses a variety of biological questions re ... | 2017 | 27642004 |
| identification and validation of novel drug targets in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) is a global epidemic associated increasingly with resistance to first- and second-line antitubercular drugs. the magnitude of this global health threat underscores the urgent need to discover new antimycobacterial agents that have novel mechanisms of action (moa). in this review, we highlight some of the key advances that have enabled the strengths of target-led and phenotypic approaches to tb drug discovery to be harnessed both independently and in combination. critically, the ... | 2017 | 27649943 |
| development and in-use evaluation of a novel luminex microplex microsphere-based (triol) assay for simultaneous identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis and detection of first-line and second-line anti-tuberculous drug resistance in china. | rapid and accurate diagnostic assays with simultaneous microbial identification and drug resistance detection are essential for optimising treatment and control of tuberculosis. | 2017 | 27646524 |
| genotypic diversity of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in myanmar. | 2017 | 27644269 | |
| absence of mycobacterial dna in peripheral blood and artery specimens in patients with takayasu arteritis. | the objective of this study was to demonstrate the presence of mycobacterial nucleic acid sequences in peripheral blood and arteries from patients with takayasu arteritis (ta). polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect mycobacterial dna from three different nucleic acid sequences including the insertion sequence (is) 6110, the 65-kda heat shock protein gene (hsp65), and the 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene in peripheral blood from 32 ta patients and in arterial specimens from 10 ta patients ... | 2017 | 27604701 |
| drug susceptibility of rapid and slow growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from symptomatics for pulmonary tuberculosis, central india. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are emerging as important pathogens. their treatment also differs from that of mycobacterium tuberculosis. in india, any datum on them is scarce as species identification and drug susceptibility are not performed in most laboratories. susceptibility also differs from one geographic area to another, and in our country, there are no data even to guide the clinicians to start treatment empirically. | 2017 | 27934821 |
| emergence of mmpt5 variants during bedaquiline treatment of mycobacterium intracellulare lung disease. | bedaquiline (bdq), a diarylquinoline antibiotic that targets atp synthase, is effective for the treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis infections that no longer respond to conventional drugs. while investigating the off-label use of bdq as salvage therapy, seven of 13 patients with mycobacterium intracellulare lung disease had an initial microbiological response and then relapsed. whole-genome comparison of pretreatment and relapse isolates of m. intracellulare uncovered mutations in a previous ... | 2017 | 27927925 |
| in vitro susceptibility testing of tedizolid against nontuberculous mycobacteria. | tedizolid is a new oxazolidinone with improved in vitro and intracellular potency against mycobacterium tuberculosis, including multidrug resistant strains, and some species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) compared with linezolid.using the current clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) recommended method of broth microdilution, susceptibility testing of 170 isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria showed equivalent or lower (1- to 8-fold mic50 and/or mic90 values) for tedizolid ... | 2017 | 28330892 |
| radiopathological features and identification of mycobacterial infections in granulomatous nodules resected from the lung. | pulmonary granulomas are sometimes resected because they resemble lung cancer and false-positive findings come through from positron emission tomography (pet) using 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18f-fdg). mycobacterial infection is a common cause of granulomas. | 2017 | 28219077 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a single-center experience in south korea. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infection has been increasing worldwide in both general population and immunocompromised patients, which has also been reported in rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients. this study aimed to identify the incidence and clinical characteristics of ntm infection in ra patients living in tuberculosis (tb) infection endemic area. | 2017 | 28063416 |
| learning from epidemiological, clinical, and immunological studies on mycobacterium africanum for improving current understanding of host-pathogen interactions, and for the development and evaluation of diagnostics, host-directed therapies, and vaccines for tuberculosis. | mycobacterium africanum comprises two phylogenetic lineages within the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc). m. africanum was first described and isolated in 1968 from the sputum of a senegalese patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) and it has been identified increasingly as an important cause of human tb, particularly prevalent in west africa. the restricted geographical distribution of m. africanum, in contrast to the widespread global distribution of other species of mtbc, requires ex ... | 2017 | 27979782 |
| non-tuberculous mycobacteria in south african wildlife: neglected pathogens and potential impediments for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are not only emerging and opportunistic pathogens of both humans and animals, but from a veterinary point of view some species induce cross-reactive immune responses that hamper the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in both livestock and wildlife. little information is available about ntm species circulating in wildlife species of south africa. in this study, we determined the diversity of ntm isolated from wildlife species from south africa as well as bot ... | 2017 | 28194371 |
| non-tuberculous mycobacteria: classification, diagnostics, and therapy. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are species other than those belonging to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and do not cause leprosy. ntm are generally free-living organisms that are ubiquitous in the environment. there have been more than 140 ntm species identified to-date. they can cause a wide range of infections, with pulmonary infections being the most frequent (65-90 %). there is growing evidence that the incidence of ntm lung diseases and associated hospitalizations are on the ris ... | 2017 | 27826888 |
| resistance to thiacetazone derivatives active against mycobacterium abscessus involves mutations in the mmpl5 transcriptional repressor mab_4384. | available chemotherapeutic options are very limited against mycobacterium abscessus, which imparts a particular challenge in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients infected with this rapidly growing mycobacterium. new drugs are urgently needed against this emerging pathogen, but the discovery of active chemotypes has not been performed intensively. interestingly, however, the repurposing of thiacetazone (tac), a drug once used to treat tuberculosis, has increased following the decipherin ... | 2017 | 28096157 |
| pathogen identification in suspected cases of pyogenic spondylodiscitis. | pyogenic spinal infection continues to represent a worldwide problem. in approximately one-third of patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis, the infectious agent is never identified. of the cases that lead to organismal identification, bacteria are more commonly isolated from the spine rather than fungi and parasites. this study applied universal prokaryotic 16s rrna pcr as a rapid diagnostic tool for the detection of bacterial agents in specimens from patients suspected of pyogenic spondylodisc ... | 2017 | 28337426 |
| mixed infection of mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus and mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lung. | a mixed infection of mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus (mab) and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) in the lung is an unusual clinical manifestation and has not yet been reported. a 61-year-old woman had been treated for mab lung disease and concomitant pneumonia, and was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb). despite both anti-ptb and anti-mab therapy, her entire left lung was destroyed and collapsed. she underwent left pneumonectomy and received medical therapy. we were able to succ ... | 2017 | 28180105 |
| case report on pulmonary disease due to coinfection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium abscessus: difficulty in diagnosis. | mycobacterium abscessus, which is ubiquitous environmental organism, is more likely to cause pulmonary infection in the presence underlying lung disease and immunosuppression. we report a case of pulmonary disease due to coinfection of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and mycobacterium abscessus (m. abscessus) in an immunocompetent patient without underlying lung disease. healthcare professionals should be aware of co-infection with mtb and m. abscessus, and treatment should be based on clinical ... | 2017 | 28180066 |
| the role of uv radiation and vitamin d in the seasonality and outcomes of infectious disease. | the seasonality of infectious disease outbreaks suggests that environmental conditions have a significant effect on disease risk. one of the major environmental factors that can affect this is solar radiation, primarily acting through ultraviolet radiation (uvr), and its subsequent control of vitamin d production. here we show how uvr and vitamin d, which are modified by latitude and season, can affect host and pathogen fitness and relate them to the outcomes of bacterial, viral and vector-borne ... | 2017 | 28078341 |
| engineering bacteria to manufacture functionalized polyester beads. | the ability to generate tailor-made, functionalized polyester (polyhydroxyalkanoate, pha) beads in bacteria by harnessing their natural carbon-storage granule production system is an exciting recent development. proteins that naturally attach to the polyester granule core were rationally engineered to enable in vivo production of pha beads which are applicable in bioseparation, protein purification, enzyme immobilization and diagnostics and which show advantageous properties toward the developme ... | 2017 | 22705844 |
| an interactive macrophage signal transduction map facilitates comparative analyses of high-throughput data. | macrophages (mϕs) are key players in the coordination of the lifesaving or detrimental immune response against infections. the mechanistic understanding of the functional modulation of mϕs by pathogens and pharmaceutical interventions at the signal transduction level is still far from complete. the complexity of pathways and their cross-talk benefits from holistic computational approaches. in the present study, we reconstructed a comprehensive, validated, and annotated map of signal transduction ... | 2017 | 28137890 |
| immunogenic properties of lactobacillus plantarum producing surface-displayed mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. | tuberculosis (tb) remains among the most deadly diseases in the world. the only available vaccine against tuberculosis is the bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine, which does not ensure full protection in adults. there is a global urgency for the development of an effective vaccine for preventing disease transmission, and it requires novel approaches. we are exploring the use of lactic acid bacteria (lab) as a vector for antigen delivery to mucosal sites. here, we demonstrate the successful exp ... | 2017 | 27815271 |
| crystal structure and biochemical investigations reveal novel mode of substrate selectivity and illuminate substrate inhibition and allostericity in a subfamily of xaa-pro dipeptidases. | xaa-pro dipeptidase (xpd) catalyzes hydrolysis of iminopeptide bond in dipeptides containing trans-proline as a second residue. xpds are found in all living organisms and are believed to play an essential role in proline metabolism. here, we report crystal structures and extensive enzymatic studies of xpd from xanthomonas campestris (xpdxc), the first such comprehensive study of a bacterial xpd. we also report enzymatic activities of its ortholog from mycobacterium tuberculosis (xpdmt). these en ... | 2017 | 27816563 |
| integration of biomass formulations of genome-scale metabolic models with experimental data reveals universally essential cofactors in prokaryotes. | the composition of a cell in terms of macromolecular building blocks and other organic molecules underlies the metabolic needs and capabilities of a species. although some core biomass components such as nucleic acids and proteins are evident for most species, the essentiality of the pool of other organic molecules, especially cofactors and prosthetic groups, is yet unclear. here we integrate biomass compositions from 71 manually curated genome-scale models, 33 large-scale gene essentiality data ... | 2017 | 27939572 |
| species dependent impact of helminth-derived antigens on human macrophages infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis: direct effect on the innate anti-mycobacterial response. | in countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis there is high coincident of helminth infections that might worsen disease outcome. while mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) gives rise to a pro-inflammatory th1 response, a th2 response is typical of helminth infections. a strong th2 response has been associated with decreased protection against tuberculosis. | 2017 | 28192437 |
| hiv status among patients with tuberculosis and hiv testing practices by connecticut health care providers. | knowing the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) status of persons infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis is important for individual treatment and preventing transmission. this evaluation analyzed surveillance data and surveyed health care providers who care for patients with hiv and tuberculosis (tb) to understand the factors contributing to suboptimal levels of connecticut patients with tb having a known hiv status. during 2008 to 2010, 208 (76.2%) of 273 patients had a known hiv status; 12 ( ... | 2017 | 23442493 |
| epidemiology of infectious encephalitis causes in 2016. | we performed a literature search in the medline database, using the pubmed website. the incidence of presumably infectious encephalitis is estimated at 1.5-7 cases/100,000 inhabitants/year, excluding epidemics. infectious encephalitis and immune-mediated encephalitis share similar clinical signs and symptoms. the latter accounts for a significant proportion of presumably infectious encephalitis cases without any established etiological diagnosis; as shown from a prospective cohort study where 21 ... | 2017 | 28341533 |
| management of adult infectious encephalitis in metropolitan france. | infectious encephalitis is a severe disease leading to a high mortality and morbidity. the most frequent causes include herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, listeria monocytogenes, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. urgent treatment is required (anti-infective therapy and nonspecific supportive care). the aim of this study was to define treatment strategy, empirical and after microbiological documentation at 48hours, through a systematic literature review. | 2017 | 28336304 |
| mait cells are reduced in frequency and functionally impaired in human t lymphotropic virus type 1 infection: potential clinical implications. | htlv-1 infection is associated with several inflammatory disorders, including the neurodegenerative condition htlv-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp). it is unclear why a minority of infected subjects develop ham/tsp. the cellular immune response has been implicated in the development of inflammatory alterations in these patients; however the pathogenic mechanisms for disease progression remain unclear. furthermore, htlv-1-infected individuals have an increase inciden ... | 2017 | 28384290 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among persons who inject drugs in san diego, california. | persons who inject drugs (pwid) might be at increased risk for mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and reactivation of latent tuberculous infection (ltbi) due to their injection drug use. | 2017 | 28284258 |
| miliary tuberculosis infection during hepatitis c treatment with sofosbuvir and ledipasvir plus ribavirin. | chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. in the last 5 years, treatment for hcv infection has experienced a marked development. in 2014, the use of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir with or without concomitant weight-based ribavirin was approved with a very significant increase in the sustained virological response. however, new side effects have been associated. we report the first case of an hcv infected patient treated for 12 wk with the comb ... | 2017 | 28217253 |
| plants in our combating strategies against mycobacterium tuberculosis: progress made and obstacles met. | traditionally used plants for treating chest-related problems/tuberculosis (tb) have not been evaluated in detail and hence a thorough study is needed in this regard. this knowledge may find application in developing new anti-tb drugs. | 2017 | 28385088 |
| tuberculosis among foreign-born persons diagnosed ≥10 years after arrival in the united states, 2010-2015. | the majority of tuberculosis (tb) cases in the united states are attributable to reactivation of latent tb infection (ltbi) (1). ltbi refers to the condition when a person is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis without signs and symptoms, or radiographic or bacteriologic evidence of tb disease. cdc and the u.s. preventive services task force (uspstf) recommend screening populations at increased risk for ltbi, including persons who have lived in congregate settings at high risk and persons w ... | 2017 | 28333913 |
| evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis case detection improvement with the deployment of xpertmtb/rif in the tuberculosis control program of cross river state, nigeria. | global indices show that nigeria has the highest tuberculosis (tb)-related mortality rate. overdependence on ziehl-neelsen (zn) smear microscopy for diagnosis and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/aids has limited control efforts. the new polymerase chain reaction-based xpertmtb/rif (cepheid inc., ca, usa), which detects mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance, was introduced in cross river state in 2014. we evaluated the increment in pulmonary tb case detection following introduct ... | 2017 | 28317812 |
| tb-iris: proteomic analysis of in vitro pbmc responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis and response modulation by dexamethasone. | paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (tb-iris) occurs in 8-54% of south african patients undergoing treatment for tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus co-infection. improved tb-iris molecular pathogenesis understanding would enhance risk stratification, diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment. we assessed how tb-iris status and dexamethasone influence leukocyte proteomic responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). patient blood was obtained th ... | 2017 | 28209523 |
| effector mechanisms of neutrophils within the innate immune system in response to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | neutrophils have a significant yet controversial role in the innate immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb) infection, which is not yet fully understood. in addition to neutrophils' well-known effector mechanisms, they may also help control infection of m. tb through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (nets), which are thought to further promote the killing of m. tb by resident alveolar macrophages. cytokines such as ifn-γ have now been shown to serve an immunomodulato ... | 2017 | 28178208 |
| ga(iii) nanoparticles inhibit growth of both mycobacterium tuberculosis and hiv and release of interleukin-6 (il-6) and il-8 in coinfected macrophages. | treatment of individuals coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 and mycobacterium tuberculosis is challenging due to the prolonged treatment requirements, drug toxicity, and emergence of drug resistance. mononuclear phagocytes (mp; macrophages) are one of the natural reservoirs for both hiv and m. tuberculosis here, the treatment of hiv and m. tuberculosis coinfection was studied by preloading human macrophages with mp-targeted gallium (ga) nanoparticles to limit subsequent si ... | 2017 | 28167548 |
| tuberculosis 'the great imitator': a usual disease with unusual presentations. | a number of infectious diseases have been referred to by the phrase 'the great imitator', of which the oldest is syphilis; others include lyme disease, nocardiosis, etc. tuberculosis has been described as the second great imitator as it can imitate various other disease processes. an awareness of the atypical clinical manifestations of tuberculosis is important, especially in regions where tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem, such as india. extrapulmonary tuberculosis (ept ... | 2017 | 28166920 |
| risk factors for readmission to hospital in patients with tuberculosis in tehran, iran: three-year surveillance. | tuberculosis (tb) is still a major health problem and tb hospital readmission could increase health system costs. in a retrospective study in a tertiary referral hospital for tb in tehran, iran, tb patients with readmission were evaluated. these tb patients in the index year who were then readmitted were compared with tb patients in the same year who were not readmitted during the follow-up period. one hundred and forty-six patients had hospital readmission within three-year follow-up with mean ... | 2017 | 28166697 |
| potential of zanthoxylum leprieurii as a source of active compounds against drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) is still a global health problem mainly due to development of resistance and co-infection with the human immune virus (hiv). treatment of multi and extensively drug resistant tb requires use of second line drugs which are less efficacious, expensive and very toxic. this has necessitated a need to search for new treatment regimens especially from medicinal plants. zanthoxylum leprieurii, a plant species from rutaceae is used locally in the treatment of tuberculosis in uganda. th ... | 2017 | 28148252 |
| hepatic tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus co-infected adults: a case series of south african adults. | although mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb) infection may cause extrapulmonary disease in hiv-infected adults, hiv-associated hepatic tb has been poorly characterized. our objective was to describe hepatic tb in hiv-infected adults. | 2017 | 28148232 |
| transmission of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in south africa. | background drug-resistant tuberculosis threatens recent gains in the treatment of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection worldwide. a widespread epidemic of extensively drug-resistant (xdr) tuberculosis is occurring in south africa, where cases have increased substantially since 2002. the factors driving this rapid increase have not been fully elucidated, but such knowledge is needed to guide public health interventions. methods we conducted a prospective study involving 4 ... | 2017 | 28099825 |
| thoracic diseases associated with hiv infection in the era of antiretroviral therapy: clinical and imaging findings. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) pandemic has entered its 4th decade. since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (art) in 1996, the number of aids-related deaths has plateaued worldwide. today, owing to the effectiveness of art, the hiv-infected population is aging and hiv infection has become a chronic illness. non-aids comorbidities are increasing, and the spectrum of hiv-related thoracic diseases is evolving. in developed c ... | 2017 | 25019430 |