Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
emerging opportunistic protozoa and intestinal pathogenic protozoal infestation profile in children of western nepal.intestinal parasitic infestation continues to be of public health importance in many tropical and subtropical countries for their high prevalence and effects on the morbidity in the population. this 5-year hospital-based retrospective analysis was aimed to find out the intestinal protozoal parasitic profile in 1790 pre-school and school-going children visiting the hospital with gastrointestinal illness. giardia lamblia was the most prevalent pathogenic protozoan intestinal parasite (73.4%), foll ...200516519082
entamoeba histolytica dna methyltransferase (ehmeth) is a nuclear matrix protein that binds ehmrs2, a dna that includes a scaffold/matrix attachment region (s/mar).the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica express a cytosine-5 dna methyltransferase (ehmeth) that belongs to the dnmt2 protein family. the biological function of members of this dnmt2 family is unknown. in the present study, we have demonstrated that ehmeth is a nuclear matrix protein. indeed, we showed by south-western analysis and yeast one-hybrid system that ehmeth binds to ehmrs2, a dna element which contains the eukaryotic consensus scaffold/matrix attachment regions (s/mar) bipartite r ...200515610823
the amoebicidal aqueous extract from castela texana possesses antigenotoxic and antimutagenic properties.due to long-term treatment toxicity and clinical resistance to drugs commonly used against e. histolytica, new drugs against amoebiasis are urgently needed. castela texana ("chaparro amargo") is a shrub taken traditionally in teas and capsules of dry plant to treat intestinal amoebic infections. an aqueous extract was prepared and its mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxicity properties were evaluated in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. this extract was neither mutagenic when evaluated with the a ...200515582360
identification, structure, and phylogenetic relationships of a mitogen-activated protein kinase homologue from the parasitic protist entamoeba histolytica.a gene encoding mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) from the human enteric parasite, entamoeba histolytica has been identified. sequence analyses of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr) products reveal that the ehmapk gene is intronless and encodes a protein of 352 amino acids. ehmapk shows significant homology with other mapks and contains the 11 subdomains including the invariant residues characteristic of serine/threonine protein kinases. the mapk sig ...200515716029
[prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in the city of eirunepé, amazon].samples of 413 patient were analyzed and positivity was found in 64.4% (266) of the exams. the intestinal parasites most prevalent were: ascaris lumbricoides (35.6%); trichuris trichiura (18.6%); ancylostomides (9.9%); strongyloides stercoralis (1%), enterobius vermiculares (0,5%); entamoeba histolytica (13.3%) and giardia lamblia (1%). the presence of varied degrees of anemia were detected in 39.8% of the exams.200515717101
activation of mapk kinase pathway by gal/galnac adherence lectin of e. histolytica: gateway to host response.amoebiasis caused by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica is one of the leading parasitic causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries. among the variety of virulence factors, an adherence lectin (gal/galnac, 260 kda) has been known to mediate colonization and subsequent host responses. it is a major cell surface antigen which is universally recognized by the immune sera of patients with amoebic liver abscess (ala). the role of this lectin in cytolysis and phagocytosis o ...200515724442
synthesis and antiamoebic activities of 1-n-substituted cyclised pyrazoline analogues of thiosemicarbazones.a series of 21 new 1-n-substituted cyclised pyrazoline analogues of thiosemicarbazones were synthesised by cyclisation of mannich bases with thiosemicarbazides of variegated nature. the chemical structures of the compounds were proved by uv, ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr spectroscopic data and elemental analyses. the antiamoebic activities of these compounds were evaluated by microdilution method against hm1:1mss strain of entamoeba histolytica. it was found that 3-chloro and 3-bromo substituents on t ...200515727873
antiamoebic and toxicity studies of a carbamic acid derivative and its therapeutic effect in a hamster model of hepatic amoebiasis.amoebiasis is an important public health problem in developing countries. entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebiasis, may develop resistance to nitroimidazoles, a group of drugs considered to be the most effective against this parasitic disease. therefore, research on new drugs for the treatment of this common infection still constitutes an important therapeutic demand. in the present study we determined the effects of a carbamate derivative, ethyl 4-chlorophenylcarbamate (c4), on ...200515728919
the genome of the protist parasite entamoeba histolytica.entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal parasite and the causative agent of amoebiasis, which is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. here we present the genome of e. histolytica, which reveals a variety of metabolic adaptations shared with two other amitochondrial protist pathogens: giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis. these adaptations include reduction or elimination of most mitochondrial metabolic pathways and the use of oxidative stress enzymes gener ...200515729342
entamoeba histolytica: focal adhesion kinase and erk phosphorylation are altered in the cytoskeleton mutant bg-3.the entamoeba histolytica mutant bg-3 has several altered cytoskeletal properties, including the distribution of actin and certain surface characteristics such as osmolarity and electrophoretic mobility. by western blot analysis and assays for cell adhesion to collagen, we demonstrate that mutant bg-3 shows an increase in the phosphorylation levels of protein kinases that participate in proliferation, adhesion and migration, such as focal adhesion kinase and map kinase (erk2), and that it has al ...200515729589
[a dutchman from mali with a perianal ulcer caused by cutaneous amoebiasis].a 66-year-old dutchman, living in mali, presented with an extensive progressive perianal ulcer despite local and antibiotic treatment. microscopic examination of the stool revealed entamoeba histolytica/dispar cysts and phagocytosing trophozoites were seen in fresh scrapings of the ulcer, a diagnostic feature of infection with e. histolytica. the diagnosis was cutaneous amoebiasis and the patient was effectively treated with metronidazole and local debridements. primary cutaneous amoebiasis is a ...200515730040
roles of cell adhesion and cytoskeleton activity in entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis: a delicate balance.the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica colonizes the human large bowel. invasion of the intestinal epithelium causes amoebic colitis and opens the route for amoebic liver abscesses. the parasite relies on its dynamic actomyosin cytoskeleton and on surface adhesion molecules for dissemination in the human tissues. here we show that the galactose/n-acetylgalactosamine (gal/galnac) lectin clusters in focal structures localized in the region of e. histolytica that contacts monolayers of entero ...200515731078
invasive amebiasis as an emerging parasitic disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in taiwan.whether risk of invasive amebiasis due to entamoeba histolytica is higher among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons than uninfected persons remains unclear, although intestinal colonization by entamoeba dispar is common among men who have sex with men. our objective was to determine the prevalence of invasive amebiasis and intestinal colonization by e histolytica and e dispar in hiv-infected persons and uninfected controls.200515738369
entamoeba histolytica tata-box binding protein binds to different tata variants in vitro.the ability of entamoeba histolytica tata binding protein (ehtbp) to interact with different tata boxes in gene promoters may be one of the key factors to perform an efficient transcription in this human parasite. in this paper we used several tata variants to study the in vitro ehtbp dna-binding activity and to determine the tata-ehtbp dissociation constants. the presence of ehtbp in complexes formed by nuclear extracts (ne) and the tatttaaa oligonucleotide, which corresponds to the canonical t ...200515752353
entamoeba histolytica: intracellular distribution of the sec61alpha subunit of the secretory pathway and down-regulation by antisense peptide nucleic acids.the sec61alpha protein is defined as a highly conserved essential integral component of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells. we report a detailed immunolocalization of the entamoeba histolytica homologue of the sec61alpha subunit (ehsec61alpha), which shows an irregular pattern throughout the cell and is also found on the cell surface, its effective down-regulation by means of antisense peptide nucleic acids and its effects on cell proliferation, subcellular distribution of two virulen ...200515755422
comparative genomic hybridizations of entamoeba strains reveal unique genetic fingerprints that correlate with virulence.variable phenotypes have been identified for entamoeba species. entamoeba histolytica is invasive and causes colitis and liver abscesses but only in approximately 10% of infected individuals; 90% remain asymptomatically colonized. entamoeba dispar, a closely related species, is avirulent. to determine the extent of genetic diversity among entamoeba isolates and potential genotype-phenotype correlations, we have developed an e. histolytica genomic dna microarray and used it to genotype strains of ...200515755913
[liver abscess due to a native amoeba: a clinical case study and literature review]. 200515757593
identification of ehicp1, a chagasin-like cysteine protease inhibitor of entamoeba histolytica.based on the entamoeba histolytica genome project (www.sanger.ac.uk/project/e_histolytical/) we have identified a cysteine protease inhibitor, ehicp1 (amoebiasin 1), with significant homology to chagasin. recombinant ehicp1 inhibited the protease activity of papain and that of a trophozoite lysate with ki's in the picomolar range. by immunocytology, we localized the endogenous approximately 13 kda ehicp1 in a finely dotted subcellular distribution discrete from the vesicles containing the amoebi ...200515757643
a lysine- and glutamic acid-rich protein, kerp1, from entamoeba histolytica binds to human enterocytes.contact-dependent cytolysis of host cells by entamoeba histolytica is an important hallmark of amoebiasis that points out the importance of molecules involved in the interaction between the parasite and the human cells. to decipher the molecular and cellular mechanisms supporting the invasion of the intestinal epithelium by e. histolytica, we analysed proteins involved in the interaction of the parasite with enterocytes. affinity chromatography revealed several amoebic proteins interacting with ...200515760457
a unique rab gtpase, ehraba, is involved in motility and polarization of entamoeba histolytica cells.entamoeba histolytica, an enteric protozoan parasite, infects 10% of the world's population leading to 50 million cases of invasive amoebiasis annually. motility, which requires cell polarization, is important to the virulence of this pathogen, as it may result in destruction of host tissues and invasion. to gain insight into these processes in entamoeba, a unique rab gtpase, ehraba, which localizes to the leading edge of cells, was characterized. cell lines expressing a dominant negative versio ...200515760656
in vitro antiprotozoal activity from the roots of geranium mexicanum and its constituents on entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia.this paper examines the antiprotozoal activity of the dichloromethane-meoh extract, fractions and pure compounds from the roots of geranium mexicanum on entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia. the result indicated that the extract, organic fraction and a pure flavonoid were active against both protozoa with ic50 values ranging from 1.9 to 79.2 microg/ml for entamoeba histolytica and from 1.6 to 100.4 microg/ml in the case of giardia lamblia. the main active compound was the flavan-3-ol, (-)-e ...200515763382
[entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar: differentiation methods and implications].entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar are two species morphologically identical (except hematophagous trophozoites) but one of them is pathogenic. sensitive and specific molecular techniques which are able to distinguish e. histolytica from e. dispar have been developed recently. detection of antigen in stool using the elisa method is the diagnostic test method of choice for clinical use in the developing world. it is rapid and simple. cultures for zymodeme analysis and pcr detection of the ...200515689308
isolation and functional analysis of a chk2 homologue from entamoeba histolytica.mammalian chk2 is a ser/thr kinase required for cell-division arrest induced by dna damage. we found six new kinase genes of entamoeba histolytica by analysis in silico. one of the kinase genes was a homologue of human chk2 gene. the chk2 homologue gene (eh chk2) was expected to encode 398 amino acids and showed nearly 50% homology to human chk2 in amino acid sequence. eh chk2 had a catalytic domain of ser/thr kinase and a fork head-associated (fha) domain that is highly conserved among chk2 hom ...200515710546
acto-myosin cytoskeleton dependent viscosity and shear-thinning behavior of the amoeba cytoplasm.the mechanical behavior of the human parasite entamoeba histolytica plays a major role in the invasive process of host tissues and vessels. in this study, we set up an intracellular rheological technique derived from magnetic tweezers to measure the viscoelastic properties within living amoebae. the experimental setup combines two magnetic fields at 90 degrees from each other and is adapted to an inverted microscope, which allows monitoring of the rotation of pairs of magnetic phagosomes. we obs ...200515711811
entamoeba histolytica: identification of a distinct beta2 integrin-like molecule with a potential role in cellular adherence.entamoeba histolytica infection causes dysentery, intestinal colitis, and hepatic abscess in an estimated 50 million people worldwide. attachment of e. histolytica trophozoites to intestinal epithelium and vascular endothelium during liver metastasis results in an inflammatory process. we report the identification of a distinct amebic beta2 integrin (cd18)-like molecule which affords adherence to tnf-alpha-activated endothelial cells. data from flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence assa ...200515713444
entamoeba histolytica: inhibition of cellular functions by overexpression of ehgef1, a novel rho/rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor.the molecular, biochemical, and cellular characterization of ehgef1 protein is described. complete cdna sequence of 1890 bp revealed an open reading frame that encodes a protein of 69 kda. ehgef1 is constituted of dbl homology domain, pleckstrin homology domain, and several putative regulation sites. studies of guanine nucleotide exchange activity of ehgef1 on several gtpases from entamoeba histolytica and homo sapiens showed preferential activation on ehracg, suggesting that ehgef1 protein coul ...200515713446
ehcp112 is an entamoeba histolytica secreted cysteine protease that may be involved in the parasite-virulence.ehcp112 is an entamoeba histolytica protease that together with the ehadh112 protein forms the ehcpadh complex involved in trophozoite virulence. here, we produced the recombinant ehcp112 and studied its relationships with extracellular matrix components and with target cells. a dna fragment containing the pro-peptide and the mature enzyme was expressed in bacteria as an active enzyme (rehcp112), whereas the full gene containing the signal peptide, the pro-peptide and the mature enzyme expressed ...200515659066
a trichomonas vaginalis 120 kda protein with identity to hydrogenosome pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase is a surface adhesin induced by iron.trichomonas vaginalis, a human sexually transmitted protozoan, relies on adherence to the vaginal epithelium for colonization and maintenance of infection in the host. thus, adherence molecules play a fundamental role in the trichomonal infection. here, we show the identification and characterization of a 120 kda surface glycoprotein (ap120) induced by iron, which participates in cytoadherence. ap120 is synthesized by the parasite when grown in 250 microm iron medium. antibodies to ap120 and the ...200515659068
constitutive association of mcm2-3-5 proteins with chromatin in entamoeba histolytica.eukaryotic cells duplicate their genome once and only once per cell cycle. our earlier studies with the protozoan parasite, entamoeba histolytica, have shown that genome reduplication may occur several times without nuclear or cellular division. the mcm2-7 protein complex is required for licensing of dna replication. in an effort to understand whether genome reduplication occurs due to absence or failure of the dna replication licensing system, we analysed the function of mcm2-3-5 proteins in e. ...200515659069
measurement of 1j(ni,calpha(i)), 1j(ni,c'i-1), 2j(ni,calpha(i-1)), 2j(h(n)i,c'i-1) and 2j(h(n)i,calpha(i)) values in 13c/15n-labeled proteins.use of partial or selective (13)c/(15)n labeling of specific amino acid residues in a given protein to measure the values of (1)j((15)n(i),(13)c(alpha) (i)), (2)j((1)h(n),(13)c(alpha) (i)), (2)j((15)n(i),(13)c(alpha) (i-1)), (1)j((15)n(i),(13)c'(i-1)) and (2)j((1)h(n),(13)c'(i-1)) is described. this was achieved by recording a sensitivity-enhanced 2d [(15)n-(1)h] hsqc experiment, without mixing the spin states of c(alpha) and c' during the course of entire experiment.200515674817
ancient weapons: the three-dimensional structure of amoebapore a.the recently solved three-dimensional structure of amoebapore a, the major pore-forming protein of entamoeba histolytica, represents the first tertiary structure determined from a parasitic toxin. the implications derived from this solved structure, together with biochemical data, paint a picture of a unique activation mechanism and reveal that a histidine-mediated dimerization of the protein acts as the molecular switch for the formation of oligomeric pores in target cell membranes.200515639732
[outbreak of amoebiasis in a dutch family; tropics unexpectedly nearby]. 200515651505
[outbreak of amoebiasis in a dutch family; tropics unexpectedly nearby]. 200515651506
myosin ii and the gal-galnac lectin play a crucial role in tissue invasion by entamoeba histolytica.entamoeba histolytica is the human parasite responsible of amoebiasis, during which highly motile trophozoites invade the intestinal epithelium leading to amoebic colitis, and disseminate via the blood circulation causing liver abscesses. the invasive process, central to the pathogenesis, is known to be driven by parasites motility. to investigate molecules responsible for in vivo motion, we performed a high resolution dynamic imaging analysis using two-photon laser scanning microscopy. image an ...200515617520
genome update: prediction of secreted proteins in 225 bacterial proteomes. 200515941981
entamoeba histolytica: observations on metabolism based on the genome sequence.the sequencing of the genome of entamoeba histolytica has allowed a reconstruction of its metabolic pathways, many of which are unusual for a eukaryote. based on the genome sequence, it appears that amino acids may play a larger role than previously thought in energy metabolism, with roles in both atp synthesis and nad regeneration. arginine decarboxylase may be involved in survival of e. histolytica during its passage through the stomach. the usual pyrimidine synthesis pathway is absent, but a ...200515955308
entamoeba histolytica: construction and applications of subgenomic databases.knowledge about the influence of environmental stress such as the action of chemotherapeutic agents on gene expression in entamoeba histolytica is limited. we plan to use oligonucleotide microarray hybridization to approach these questions. as the basis for our array, sequence data from the genome project carried out by the institute for genomic research (tigr) and the sanger institute were used to annotate parts of the parasite genome. three subgenomic databases containing enzymes, cytoskeleton ...200515955309
entamoeba histolytica: comparative genomics of the pre-mrna 3' end processing machinery.we report here the pre-mrna 3' end processing machinery in entamoeba histolytica. comparative analysis of the putative sequences participating in the pre-mrna 3' end processing of e. histolytica genes shows similitude and differences to those described for yeast and human transcripts. by a genomic survey, we identified 16 putative genes encoding for cleavage/polyadenylation factors in this parasite. e. histolytica pre-mrna 3' end processing machinery does not seem to contain homologous genes cod ...200515955310
entamoeba histolytica: analysis of the trophozoite proteome by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.the entamoeba histolytica genome project carried out at tigr and the sanger institute has produced a near-complete set of deduced open reading frame sequences. these data provide strong support for the identification of signals from proteomic analyses such as two-dimensional electrophoresis by protein sequencing and/or mass spectrometric methods. to carry out an initial investigation of the e. histolytica proteome, appropriate sample preparation and silver staining protocols were adapted. after ...200515955311
genomic dna microarrays for entamoeba histolytica: applications for use in expression profiling and strain genotyping.the parasite entamoeba histolytica is a causative agent of dysentery and liver abscesses. found predominantly in developing countries, this parasitic infection is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. we have developed a genomic dna microarray for e. histolytica. the array composed of 11,328 clones contains >2000 unique genes and was utilized for expression profiling and comparative genomic hybridizations of entamoeba strains. we present a synopsis of our results to date and poten ...200515955312
the lines and sines of entamoeba histolytica: comparative analysis and genomic distribution.autonomous non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons are commonly referred to as long interspersed elements (lines). short non-autonomous elements that borrow the line machinery are called sines. the entamoeba histolytica genome contains three classes of lines and sines. together the ehlines/sines account for about 6% of the genome. the recognizable functional domains in all three ehlines included reverse transcriptase and endonuclease. a novel feature was the presence of two types of members-so ...200515955314
entamoeba histolytica: characterization of human collagen type i and ca2+ activated differentially expressed genes.earlier it was demonstrated that the entamoeba histolytica trophozoites, when incubated with human collagen and ca2+, expressed and released the collagenolytic activity [munoz, m.l., calderon, j., rojkind, m., 1982. the collagenase of entamoeba histolytica. journal of experimental medicine 155, 42-51], a virulence factor involved in the pathogenesis of amoebiasis. in this study, attempts have been made to identify and characterize the gene(s) that are upregulated by the human collagen type i and ...200515955315
proteomic analysis of gal/galnac lectin-associated proteins in entamoeba histolytica.contact-dependent killing and phagocytosis of target cells by entamoeba histolytica trophozoites is mediated by the galactose (gal) and n-acetyl-d-galactosamine (galnac)-inhibitable lectin. previous work has suggested that this lectin functions as part of a signal transduction complex. to identify proteins that might be part of this complex, amebic trophozoites were bound to galnac-bsa-labeled magnetic beads and lysed. bound proteins were eluted from the beads and analyzed by tandem mass spectro ...200515955316
entamoeba histolytica: cloning and expression of the poly(a) polymerase ehpap.in eukaryotes, polyadenylation of pre-mrna 3' end is essential for mrna export, stability, and translation. here we identified and cloned a gene codifying for a putative nuclear poly(a) polymerase (ehpap) in entamoeba histolytica. protein sequence alignments with eukaryotic paps showed that ehpap has the rna-binding region and the pap central domain with the catalytic nucleotidyl transferase domain described for other nuclear paps. recombinant ehpap expressed in bacteria was used to generate spe ...200515955317
entamoeba histolytica: functional characterization of the -234 to -196 bp promoter region of the multidrug resistance ehpgp1 gene.the multidrug resistance ehpgp1 gene is constitutively expressed in drug resistant trophozoites from entamoeba histolytica. it has been demonstrated that two ccaat/enhancer binding sites located in the ehpgp1 gene promoter control its transcriptional activation. however, functional assays of the 5' end of its promoter showed that region from -234 to -196 bp (38 bp) is also important for the ehpgp1 gene transcription. here, we demonstrated that in the 38 bp region putative cis-activator sequences ...200515955318
the diversity of rab gtpases in entamoeba histolytica.rab proteins are ubiquitous small gtp-binding proteins that form a highly conserved family and regulate vesicular trafficking. recent completion of the genome of the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica enabled us to identify an extremely large number (>90) of putative rab genes. multiple alignment and phylogenic analysis of amebic, human, and yeast rab showed that only 22 amebic rab proteins including ehrab1, ehrab2, ehrab5, ehrab7, ehrab8, ehrab11, and ehrab21 showed significant si ...200515955319
entamoeba histolytica: identification of ehgpcr-1, a novel putative g protein-coupled receptor that binds to ehrabb.ehrabb is an entamoeba histolytica protein involved in phagocytosis. however, proteins that regulate the ehrabb activity are unknown. here, we report the identification of a putative g protein-coupled receptor of e. histolytica (ehgpcr-1) that binds to ehrabb. by two-hybrid screening, we found a 372-bp cdna fragment that encodes the c-terminus of ehgpcr-1. the cloning and sequence of the full-length cdna revealed that it predicts a polypeptide with two tyrosine-based sorting signals for endocyto ...200515955320
entamoeba histolytica: alterations in ehrabb protein in a phagocytosis deficient mutant correlate with the entamoeba dispar rabb sequence.we analyzed the expression and location of ehrabb in clone l-6, a phagocytosis-deficient mutant of entamoeba histolytica, in comparison with the wild-type clone a. intriguingly, trophozoites of clone l-6 express more ehrabb than those of clone a. however, the majority of ehrabb-containing vesicles remained in the cytoplasm of clone l-6 during phagocytosis. to investigate molecular alterations in ehrabb of clone l-6 we compared the ehrabb gene sequences from clones l-6 and a. we also isolated, se ...200515955321
molecular characterization of entamoeba histolytica rnase iii and ago2, two rna interference hallmark proteins.entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite with variable dna content and complex ploidity, has defied most efforts aimed at gene depletion using classical genetic methods. in this study, we identified and characterized two proteins involved in the rna interference (rnai) pathway, rnase iii and ago2. our results strengthen the findings that an rnai pathway does exist in this parasite.200515955322
a novel protease from entamoeba histolytica homologous to members of the family s28 of serine proteases.serine proteases are one of the biologically most important and widely distributed enzyme families. a protease capable of degrading the substrate suc-aaf-amc was isolated from axenically grown trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica. the enzyme was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and electroelution, and appeared on 2d-page as a spot of 60 kda and pi of 4.65. data obtained from zymogram suggest the active protease is present either as homodimer (130 kda) or homotetramer (250 kda). the optim ...200515955323
entamoeba histolytica: identification and characterization of an n-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein homologue.entamoeba histolytica is a phagocytic cell with numerous vesicles of different sizes and shapes but without a well-defined golgi apparatus. despite this, genes implied in membrane trafficking have been identified in the genome of this parasite. one of these genes is homologous to the n-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion factor (nsf), whose protein has been shown to play an important role in vesicle fusion in other eukaryotic cells. in this report, we investigated the nsf homologue gene from a patho ...200515955324
entamoeba histolytica: structural and functional analysis of the ehadh112 gene promoter.the entamoeba histolytica ehcp112 and ehadh112 genes that encode the ehcpadh complex are separated by a non-coding 188pb region. their proximity suggests a coordinated expression regulation for both genes. here, we studied the structure and function of 996 bp (p996cat) upstream the atg start codon of the ehadh112 gene. the p996cat plasmid drove cat transcription with a 78% of the activity showed by actin promoter. deletion of 330 bp at the 5' end of p966cat to produce the p776cat plasmid, decrea ...200515955325
the entamoeba histolytica ehcp112 gene has a distal and weak promoter.ehcp112 encodes the entamoeba histolytica ehcp112 cysteine protease that is part of the ehcpadh complex. by in silico analysis we identified putative transcription factor-binding sites along 837 bp upstream the ehcp112 gene atg codon. a tata-like motif (tatataaa) was located at -36 to -29 bp, a gaac box (gaacc) was found at -10 to -14 bp and an inr sequence (ttcaac) at -8 to -2 bp. these tripartite promoter elements are in non-canonical positions, downstream the transcription initiation site (-2 ...200515955326
functional characterization of ehadh112: an entamoeba histolytica bro1 domain-containing protein.ehadh112 is part of the ehcpadh complex, a protein involved in key events of the entamoeba histolytica host invasion. ehadh112 participates in trophozoite adherence to target cells and in phagocytosis. we report here the finding of two ehadh112 homologues in the e. histolytica genome (ehadh112-like proteins). ehadh112 and its relatives have a bro1 domain at their amino-terminus and a consensus context for phosphorylation by src-tyrosine kinases, both involved in signal transduction processes in ...200515955327
species- and strain-specific probes derived from repetitive dna for distinguishing entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar.entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar are two morphologically indistinguishable species that are found in the human gut. of the two, e. histolytica is considered to be pathogenic while e. dispar is nonpathogenic. to generate molecular probes to detect and distinguish between the two species, we utilized repeat sequences present in entamoeba genome. we have developed probes and primers from rdna episomes, and unidentified entamoeba est1 repeat for this purpose, and used them for dot blot hyb ...200515955328
entamoeba histolytica: mechanism of decrease of virulence of axenic cultures maintained for prolonged periods.intraportal injection of non-virulent e. histolytica (derived from prolonged axenic culture of virulent e. histolytica) strain hm1-imss in normal hamsters results in no liver lesions and disappearance of the parasites 48-72 h after injection. viability of non-virulent e. histolytica after 2 h of in vitro incubation in either fresh or decomplemented hamster serum is the same as control virulent e. histolytica (50-90%). in hamsters made leukopenic, or both leukopenic+hypocomplementemic, or hypocom ...200515955329
entamoeba histolytica: the serine-rich gene polymorphism-based genetic variability of clinical isolates from georgia.it is generally accepted that a majority of individuals infected by entamoeba histolytica do not develop symptomatic disease. however, the parasite and the host factors contributing to the development of the disease, remain undetermined. it is also unclear why certain individuals develop extra-intestinal amebiasis without exhibiting apparent intestinal symptoms. an outbreak of amebic liver abscess in tbilisi, georgia in 1998-1999 suggested that the causative e. histolytica strain had an unusual ...200515955330
entamoeba invadens: in vitro axenic encystation with a serum substitute.the current media for axenic cultivation of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba invadens are supplemented with bovine or equine serum, which provides several essential nutrients to amoebas. serum has also been considered an essential component in encystation media for e. invadens. a substitute of serum, pacsr has been described as an alternative for growth of e. histolytica and also maintains growth of e. invadens. when pacsr was used instead of serum for encystation of e. invadens the efficienc ...200515955331
comparison of two methods (microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for the diagnosis of amebiasis.diagnosis of amebiasis is usually performed on a clinical basis alone in most endemic countries having limited economic resources. this epidemiological study was conducted using modern diagnostic tests for amebiasis in the southeastern region of turkey, an endemic area for amebiasis. the population of this study included patients with symptomatic diarrhea/dysentery attending both yuzuncu yil university, van and harran university, sanliurfa, turkey. a total of 380 stool specimens were collected a ...200515955332
entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar: prevalence infection in a rural mexican community.the frequency of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infection was analyzed in a rural community in the state of morelos, mexico, through pcr technique by using specie specific primer. the e. histolytica specie was detected in 33 of 290 analyzed stool samples (11.4%), e. dispar specie was observed in 21 samples (7.2%) and both species of entamoeba were detected in seven samples (2.4%). so a higher e. histolytica than e. dispar frequency infection was detected (13.8 versus 9.6%). even thou ...200515955333
entamoeba histolytica and/or entamoeba dispar: infection frequency in hiv+/aids patients in mexico city.the objective of this work was to evaluate the frequency of entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar intestinal infection in hiv+/aids subjects and their hiv- close relatives or sexual partners. enteric parasites were investigated in stool samples by microscopic examination and e. histolytica and e. dispar were identified by pcr. we found by microscopic analysis in hiv+/aids group that the e. histolytica/e. dispar complex was present in 5.9% of the members, while in the hiv- group was 2.9%. with p ...200515955334
diarrheal illness among deployed u.s. military personnel during operation bright star 2001--egypt.in the fall of 2001, approximately 15,000 u.s. military personnel participated in a military exercise in the northwestern egyptian desert. to assess the prevalence and impact of diarrhea and enteropathogen distribution, we conducted a post-deployment survey and a case series study. a departure convenience sampling (n = 3725) was used in the post-deployment survey. overall, 9.3% reported diarrhea, 2.6% sought medical care, and 2.8% stopped or decreased their work for at least a day. among those r ...200515964494
expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase mrna and nitric oxide production during the development of liver abscess in hamster inoculated with entamoeba histolytica.the present study analyzed inos and enos mrna expression and no production during development of hepatic abscess caused by entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. one 374-bp sequence, which displayed 88% identity to mammalian inos protein, was isolated from lps-stimulated peritoneal hamster macrophages. a separate 365-bp cdna sequence showed 99% identity with enos protein. inos mrna was detected in hamsters during formation of amoebic liver abscesses, but not in control hamsters. enos mrna expressio ...200515968502
in vitro antiprotozoal activity of the leaves of artemisia ludoviciana.the inhabitants of northeast of mexico use an infusion of leaves from artemisia ludoviciana as an antidiarrheal remedy. the aqueous, methanol, acetone and hexane leaf extracts from mature plants were found to be active in vitro against the parasitic protozoa entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia.200515975735
[intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis: clinical notes]. 200515984611
identification of an entamoeba histolytica gene encoding a protein disulfide isomerase that functionally complements the dsba mutation in escherichia coli. 200515990181
entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infections in cynomolgus monkeys imported into japan for research.three hundred and three stool samples of cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) imported from china and the philippines were examined for entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar infections. microscopy detected e. histolytica/e. dispar cysts in 41 samples. positive rates were higher in the monkeys from china (37.5%) than in the monkeys from the philippines (3.7%). pcr analysis of 25 samples successfully cultured from the cysts demonstrated that 24 were e. dispar, one of the samples from china wa ...200515991045
an unusual surface peroxiredoxin protects invasive entamoeba histolytica from oxidant attack.peroxiredoxins are an important class of antioxidant enzymes found from archaea to humans, which reduce and thereby detoxify peroxides and peroxynitrites. the major thiol-containing surface antigen of the invasive ameba, entamoeba histolytica, is a peroxiredoxin and is likely to be important during the transition from the anaerobic environment of the large intestine to human tissues. the closely related species, entamoeba dispar, is incapable of invasion and more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, ...200515996766
detection of serum antibody to entameba histolytica in various population samples of amebic infection using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.microscopic identification of entameba histolytica in stool is insensitive to differentiate this pathogenic ameba from morphologically identical entameba dispar. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was applied for diagnosing amebiasis by detection of e. histolytica antibody. a total of 258 sample sera were analyzed from five different groups including amebiasis patients, e. histolytica/e. dispar asymptomatic cyst carriers, patients clinically presumed to have intestinal and extra-intesti ...200515997409
altered lipid parameters in patients infected with entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar and giardia lamblia.information on the effect of parasitic infections on lipid parameters is scarce. certain parasites induce significant changes in lipid parameters, as demonstrated by the fact that substitution of lipid/cholesterol for serum in axenic culture medium (in vitro) and in experimental models (in vivo) supports vigorous growth of entamoeba histolytica. thus, significant changes in lipid parameters may be induced in an infected host. blood samples are obtained from intestinal amoebiasis patients passing ...200515997878
synthesis and antiamoebic activity of new oxime ether derivatives containing 2-acetylpyridine/2-acetylfuran.various oxime ether derivatives of 2-acetylpyridine and 2-acetylfuran series have been synthesised. o-alkylation of the oximes by various alkylaminoethyl halides gave the corresponding oxime ether derivatives. the structures of these compounds were elucidated by uv, ir, 1h nmr, 13c nmr spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses. all the compounds were screened in vitro against the hm1:imss strain of entamoeba histolytica. based on the 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) data of the 12 compound ...200516002285
high prevalence rate of entamoeba histolytica asymptomatic infection in a rural mexican community.the frequency of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infection was analyzed in a rural community in the state of morelos, mexico, using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). sociodemographic variables as risk factors for the infection were assessed. results highlighted the number of individuals with intestinal parasites (43.1%) in the community, indicating extensive fecalism. a high frequency of e. histolytica asymptomatic infection, higher than e. dispar infection (13.8% versus 9.6%), was det ...200516014840
cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis: prospects for intervention.the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery. it is prevalent in developing countries that cannot prevent its fecal-oral spread and ranks second in worldwide causes of morbidity by parasitic infection. improvements in sanitation would help curb disease spread. however, a lack of significant progress in this area has resulted in the need for a better understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of pathogenesis in order to design novel methods of ...200516026630
golgi and endoplasmic reticulum functions take place in different subcellular compartments of entamoeba histolytica.entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that causes dysentery in developing countries of africa, asia, and latin america. the lack of a defined golgi apparatus in e. histolytica as well as in other protists led to the hypothesis that they had evolved prior to the acquisition of such organelle even though glycoproteins, glycolipids, and antigens have been detected, the latter of which react with antibodies against golgi apparatus proteins of higher eukaryotes. we here provide direct evidenc ...200516027148
roles for the galactose-/n-acetylgalactosamine-binding lectin of entamoeba in parasite virulence and differentiation.entamoeba histolytica, an intestinal protozoan parasite, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. the pathology of the disease is caused by the colonization of the large intestine by the amoebic trophozoites and the invasion of the intestinal epithelium. some of the trophozoites will eventually differentiate into the infectious cyst form, allowing them to be transmitted out of the bowel and into water supplies to be passed from person to person. both the virulence of ...200516037494
[utility and limitations of laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis].entamoeba histolytica is an invasive and pathogenic protozoan parasite that causes amebiasis. it must be distinguished from entamoeba dispar, a nonpathogenic commensal parasite of the human gut lumen that is morphologically identical to entamoeba histolytica. diagnosis of amoebic colitis currently requires combination of microscopic examination of stool specimens with another technique allowing positive identification of the two species. stool culture followed by zymodem analysis is considered a ...200516038358
resistance to intestinal entamoeba histolytica infection is conferred by innate immunity and gr-1+ cells.establishment of intestinal infection with entamoeba histolytica depends on the mouse strain; c57bl/6 mice are highly resistant, and c3h/hej mice are relatively susceptible. we found that resistance to intestinal infection was independent of lymphocyte activity or h-2 haplotype and occurred in the first hours to days postchallenge according to in vivo imaging. at 18 h postchallenge, the ceca of resistant c57bl/6 mice were histologically unremarkable, in contrast to the severe inflammation observ ...200516040963
[diarrhea in stress. 56-year iv retiree]. 200516078753
trypanothione reductase from the human parasite entamoeba histolytica: a new drug target.although there is a general agreement that the protist entamoeba histolytica lacks glutathione, it has been a matter of dispute as to whether this human parasite contains the glutathione derivative known as trypanothione. in the present study, we describe a gene for the tr (trypanothione reductase) obtained from e. histolytica by pcr amplification of its dna. after northern-blot analysis, the radiolabelled dna probe from trypanosoma cruzi hybridizes with the total rna of entamoeba, showing that ...200515157186
cognitive effects of diarrhea, malnutrition, and entamoeba histolytica infection on school age children in dhaka, bangladesh.cognitive function was assessed in 191 bangladeshi children 6-9 years of age using verbal and nonverbal tests. these scores were added to a health surveillance database that was compiled over the four previous years that includes incidence of diarrhea and entamoeba histolytica infection and nutritional status. the associations of diarrhea, malnutrition, and social factors with cognitive scores were analyzed statistically, and associations between diarrhea and test scores were controlled for the ...200616525109
a novel saposin-like protein of entamoeba histolytica with membrane-fusogenic activity.amoebapores, the pore-forming proteins of entamoeba histolytica, are major pathogenicity factors of the parasite. upon a comprehensive survey in the recently completed genome data sets for the protozoon, we identified in addition to the three amoebapore genes, 16 genes which are constitutively expressed and code for structurally similar proteins, all belonging to the family of saposin-like proteins. here, we recombinantly expressed in bacteria a defined single entity of this expansive amoebic pr ...200616529828
dna methylation and targeting of line retrotransposons in entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba invadens.in this study, we have isolated by affinity chromatography, using anti-m5c antibody as a ligand, a dna encoding reverse transcriptase of line retrotransposon (rt line) in both entamoeba invadens and entamoeba histolytica. rt line transcripts were detected in e. histolytica but were absent from e. invadens. the methylation status of genomic copies of e. invadens rt line was confirmed by bisulfite analysis. in contrast, all the genomic copies of the e. histolytica rt line analyzed in this study we ...200616530279
antisense inhibition of entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteases inhibits colonic mucus degradation.the exact role entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteases play in overcoming the colonic mucus barrier, as a prerequisite to epithelial cell disruption, is not known. herein, we determined whether e histolytica trophozoites expressing the antisense transcript to cysteine protease 5 (ehcp5) could degrade colonic mucin and destroy epithelial cells.200616530514
two families of rep-like genes that probably originated by interspecies recombination are represented in viral, plasmid, bacterial, and parasitic protozoan genomes.two families of genes related to, and including, rolling circle replication initiator protein (rep) genes were defined by sequence similarity and by evidence of intergene family recombination. the rep genes of circoviruses were the best characterized members of the "recrep1 family." other members of the recrep1 family were rep-like genes found in the genomes of the canarypox virus, entamoeba histolytica, and giardia duodenalis and in a plasmid, p4m, from the gram-positive bacterium, bifidobacter ...200616531508
[prevalence of intestinal parasites in children of yukpa ethnia in toromo, zulia state, venezuela].yupkpa community in perijá sierra does not have drinking water or sewage elimination systems. thus it becomes a propitious place for infection with intestinal parasites.200616532165
prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections and risky sexual behaviors among men visiting gay bathhouses in taiwan.this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and sexually transmitted infections (stis) and predictors of risky sexual behaviors among men visiting gay bathhouses.200616543861
cyclooctadiene ru(ii) complexes of thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde-derived thiosemicarbazones: synthesis, characterization and antiamoebic activity.thiosemicarbazones (tsc) 1-10 were synthesized by condensing substituted thiosemicarbazide with thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde. these thiosemicarbazones were further reacted with [ru(eta4-c8h12)(ch3cn)2cl2] to form complexes of the type [ru(eta4-c8h12)(tsc)cl2] 1a-10a. thiosemicarbazones exhibited antiamoebic activity in the range ic50=1.09-5.42 microm. in vitro assessment of antiamoebic activity indicated that the thiosemicarbazones 3, ic50=1.67 microm, 4, ic50=1.11 microm and 6, ic50=1.09 microm s ...200616545496
entamoeba histolytica: differences in phagosome acidification and degradation between attenuated and virulent strains.phagocytosis is the important virulent determinant of the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. we compared the kinetics of phagosome maturation of attenuated and highly-virulent strains of e. histolytica using video microscopy. phagosomes of attenuated strains were acidified rapidly within 2 min after phagosome formation (at the rate of 0.96 ph/min), persisted at ph 4.46+/-0.13, and degraded ingested gfp-leishmania very efficiently (90-94% gfp fluorescence was lost in 30 min), while ...200616546173
structural differences in triosephosphate isomerase from different species and discovery of a multitrypanosomatid inhibitor.we examined the interfaces of homodimeric triosephosphate isomerase (tim) from eight different species. the crystal structures of the enzymes showed that a portion of the interface is markedly similar in tims from trypanosoma cruzi (tctim), trypanosoma brucei, and leishmania mexicana and significantly different from that of tims from human, yeast, chicken, plasmodium falciparum, and entamoeba histolytica. since this interfacial region is central in the stability of tctim, we hypothesized that it ...200616489748
the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocyte treated with metronidazole in vitro.5-nitroimidazoles are a group of antiprotozoal and antibacterial agents. thanks to their antimicrobial activity, these chemotherapeutic agents inhibit the growth of both anaerobic bacteria and certain anaerobic protozoa. one of the useful drugs used in the treatment of infections caused by trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, and giardia lamblia is metronidazole (mtz). the mutagenicity of metronidazole [1-(hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole] has been previously shown in different p ...200616455592
entamoeba histolytica: comparison of the role of receptors and filamentous actin among various endocytic processes.entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery. uptake of iron is critical for e. histolytica growth and iron-bound human transferrin (holo-transferrin) has been shown to serve as an iron source in vitro. although a transferrin-binding protein has been identified in e. histolytica, the mechanism by which this iron source is taken up by this pathogen is not well understood. to gain insight into this process, the uptake of fluorescent-dextran, -holo-transferrin, and human red bl ...200616458294
synthesis, characterisation, reactivity and in vitro antiamoebic activity of hydrazone based oxovanadium(iv), oxovanadium(v) and mu-bis(oxo)bis{oxovanadium(v)} complexes.binuclear, mu-bis(oxo)bis{oxovanadium(v)} complexes [(vol)2(mu-o)2](2 and 7)(where hl are the hydrazones hacpy-nah i or hacpy-fah ii; acpy = 2-acetylpyridine, nah = nicotinic acid hydrazide and fah = 2-furoic acid hydrazide) were prepared by the reaction of [vo(acac)2] and the ligands in methanol followed by aerial oxidation. the paramagnetic intermediate complexes [vo(acac)(acpy-nah)](1) and [vo(acac)(acpy-fah)](6) have also been isolated. treatment of [vo(acac)(acpy-nah)] and [vo(acac)(acpy-fa ...200616462954
a new protein superfamily includes two novel 3-methyladenine dna glycosylases from bacillus cereus, alkc and alkd.soil bacteria are heavily exposed to environmental methylating agents such as methylchloride and may have special requirements for repair of alkylation damage on dna. we have used functional complementation of an escherichia coli tag alka mutant to screen for 3-methyladenine dna glycosylase genes in genomic libraries of the soil bacterium bacillus cereus. three genes were recovered: alkc, alkd and alke. the amino acid sequence of alke is homologous to the e. coli alka sequence. alkc and alkd rep ...200616468998
co-ordinate but disproportionate activation of apoptotic, regenerative and inflammatory pathways characterizes the liver response to acute amebic infection.the liver has the remarkable ability to respond to injury with repair and regeneration. the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica is the major cause of liver abscess worldwide. we report a transcriptional analysis of the response of mouse liver to e. histolytica infection, the first study looking at acute liver infection by a non-viral pathogen. focusing on early time points, we identified 764 genes with altered transcriptional levels in amebic liver abscess. the response to infection is rapi ...200616469061
cytotoxicity and in vitro susceptibility of entamoeba histolytica to morinda morindoides leaf extracts and its isolated constituents.an aqueous decotion (dried extract), an 80% meoh extract from morinda morindoides leaves, and 10 flavonoids and 4 iridoids isolated from the 80% meoh extract were evaluated in vitro for their potential antiamoebic activity and their cytotoxic effect against mt-4 cells. results indicated that the aqueous decoction and the 80% meoh extract exhibited an interesting antiamoebic activity with ic(50) values of 3.1 +/- 1.7 and 1.7 +/- 0.6 microg/ml, respectively. apigenin-7-o-glucoside and luteolin-7-o ...200616603327
detection of protozoal parasites in the stools of diarrhoeic patients using different techniques.a total of 300 children were selected. a total of 180 apparently healthy children were selected. each child was given a numerical number and subjected to a medical questionnaire. the rate of infection by the enteric protozoa detected by the four techniques revealed that g. lamblia reached 11.0% by concentration-sedimentation method, 10.3% by sheather's concentration method and 7.0% (cysts) and 1.7% (vegetative) by direct wet smear. e. histolytica was 3.3% & 3.7% by the two concentration methods ...200616605096
patients with gastrointestinal complains due to enteric parasites, with reference to entamoeba histolytica/dispar as dected by elisa e. histolytica adhesion in stool.a total of 210 patients with gastrointestinal troubles, of both sex and a mean age of 32 +/- 6.1 years, selected from the outpatient's clinics of al-azhar university hospitals. 115 (54.76%) had dysentery, 95 (45.23%) did not have dysentery, 15 (14%) suffered flatulence, 20 (9.52%) had epi-gastric pain, 19 (9.05%) had vague abdominal pain, 5 vomiting (5.2%) and 10 (4.9%) had fever. two symptoms were in 29 (13.81%) patients and three symptoms in 12 (5.71%). of the 210 patients, 20 (9.9%) had helmi ...200616605100
naegleria fowleri: a free-living highly pathogenic amoeba contains trypanothione/trypanothione reductase and glutathione/glutathione reductase systems.this paper presents definitive data showing that the thiol-bimane compound isolated and purified by hplc from naegleria fowleri trophozoites unequivocally corresponds by matrix assisted laser-desorption ionization-time-of-flight ms, to the characteristic monoprotonated ion of trypanothione-(bimane)(2) [m(+)h(+)] of m/z 1104.57 and to the trypanothione-(bimane) of m/z 914.46. the trypanothione disulfide t(s)(2) was also found to have a molecular ion of m/z 723.37. additionally hplc demonstrated t ...200616620809
the cyst wall of entamoeba invadens contains chitosan (deacetylated chitin).the cyst wall of entamoeba invadens (ei), a model for the human pathogen entamoeba histolytica, contains chitin, which is a homopolymer of beta-1, 4-linked n-acetyl-glucosamine (glcnac). in fungi and in bacteria that make nodulation factors, chitin deacetylases make chitosan, which is a mixture of glcnac and glucosamine and so has a positive charge. the activity of an ei chitin deacetylase was revealed by a 3-4-fold increase in released glcnac when deproteinated cyst walls were chemically acetyl ...200616621070
overdiagnosis of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar in nicaragua: a microscopic, triage parasite panel and pcr study.based on stool microscopy, an e. histolytica/e. dispar prevalence of 18.6% was found in león, nicaragua about 10 years ago. since then, new non-microscopic methods have been developed to discriminate between pathogenic e. histolytica and nonpathogenic e. dispar. the main objectives of the present study were to evaluate the true prevalence of e. histolytica among individuals with diarrhea and to assess the diagnostic procedures carried out at the health center level.200616624654
Refresh
firstprev
...51525354555657585960...
nextlast
Displaying items 5101 - 5200 of 7191