Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| cytomegalovirus infection in the liver transplant recipient. epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical management. | the effects of cytomegalovirus (cmv) on the liver transplant patient can be divided into two general categories: the direct infectious disease effects (e.g. cmv mononucleosis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, gi infection) and the indirect effects that are mediated by cytokines elaborated as a consequence of the infection. these indirect effects include an immunosuppressive effect that contributes to the development of superinfection with fungi, bacteria, and pneumocystis carinii; a role in the pathogene ... | 1997 | 15562577 |
| recent developments in pradimicin-benanomicin and triazole antibiotics. | fungal infections are on the rise as the number of patients with compromised immune systems continues to increase. the need for safer and more effective antifungals has resulted in the search for novel drug classes and for modifications to existing classes, with the aim of enhancing their antifungal spectra and potency. in this review, two classes of antifungals are discussed: the pradimicin-benanomicin antibiotics and the newer triazole derivatives. these have activity against candida spp., cry ... | 1997 | 15989596 |
| comparison of ternary complexes of pneumocystis carinii and wild-type human dihydrofolate reductase with coenzyme nadph and a novel classical antitumor furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolate. | the novel furopyrimidine n-(4-{n-[(2,4-diaminofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]methylamino}benzoyl)-l- glutamate (mtxo), a classical antifolate with antitumor activity comparable to that of methotrexate (mtx), has been studied as inhibitor-cofactor ternary crystal complexes with wild-type pneumocystis carinii (pc) and recombinant human wild-type dihydrofolate reductase (hdhfr). these structural data provide the first direct comparison of the binding interactions of the same antifolate inhibitor ... | 1997 | 15299851 |
| predictors of survival in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in italy, 1983 to 1995. | to evaluate length and predictors of survival among children with aids, 529 pediatric cases diagnosed in italy from 1983 to august 1995 were reviewed. data were analyzed using kaplan-meier curves and the cox proportional hazards regression model. various survival patterns were subsequently analyzed. all survival analyses were truncated on march 1, 1996. cases were examined by gender, age at diagnosis, hiv transmission category, type and number of the first aids-defining diseases, level of immuno ... | 1998 | 15468435 |
| prisoners' knowledge and attitude toward prophylactic treatment and therapy. | identifying factors that hinder an inmate's compliance with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis therapy can be critical in preventing or decreasing the occurrence of pcp in this population. anticipated factors include lack of knowledge about pcp and its proposed treatment, fear of the adverse effects of prophylaxis therapy, and lack of trust in the correctional facility medical team. structured interviews were administered to hiv-positive male inmates chosen randomly (n = 104) at a ... | 1998 | 15468444 |
| community-acquired pneumonia in patients with hiv. | patients with hiv frequently present at some time in their illness with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). early in the prognosis of hiv when cd4 counts are somewhat decreased, hiv patients with cap are infected with the same pulmonary pathogen as normal hosts plus legionella, salmonella or chlamydia pneumoniae. later in hiv, when the cd4 counts are markedly reduced, pneumocystis carinii (pcp), cmv and acid-fast organisms (tb or mai) are important pulmonary pathogens. this article presents a cl ... | 1998 | 14988750 |
| some opportunistic parasitic infections in aids: candidiasis, pneumocystosis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis. | almost 80% of patients with aids die from infections other than human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). these infections usually occur late in the course of disease when cd4(+) t-cell count has fallen below 200 permm(3) cells per milliliter. most of these infections are caused by organisms that do not normally afflict healthy individuals and are thus considered to be opportunistic. in this article, lloyd kasper and dominique buzoni-gatel review the host-parasite interaction for four important pathog ... | 1998 | 17040733 |
| pneumocystis carinii: a fungus resistant to antifungal therapies - mechanisms of action of antipneumocystis drugs. | pneumocystis carinii is a pathogen that causes a potentially lethal pneumonia in patients with aids and other immunodeficiency states. this review discusses the mechanisms of action of four classes of antipneumocystis agents: inhibitors of ergosterol synthesis and function, 1,3-beta-glucan synthase inhibitors, antifolates and dna binding agents. investigations of p. carinii's biologic pathways affected by the antipneumocystis actions of each of these classes of agents has generated important ins ... | 1998 | 17092792 |
| drug resistance in pneumocystis carinii: an emerging problem. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a frequent opportunistic infection in aids patients. large numbers of hiv-infected individuals take prophylactic medications to prevent this illness. the development of drug resistance, while expected, cannot be monitored by classical means, since the organism cannot be cultivated in vitro. two drug target genes, dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) and cytochrome b, have been cloned and sequenced from human-derived p. carinii. mutations leading to amino acid s ... | 1998 | 17092806 |
| investigational interleukins: the cutting edge of immune reconstitution. | hiv disables the immune system by destroying cd4+ cells, leading to increased risk of potentially life-threatening opportunistic infections, such as mycobacterium avium complex (mac), pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and cytomegalovirus (cmv). boosting the immune cell counts will help combat these diseases. cutting-edge immune therapies involve one of several naturally occurring chemicals produced by immune cells, called cytokines. interleuken-2 (il-2) has been studied since 1983, and in th ... | 1998 | 11365485 |
| i hear you knockin' (but you can't come in): potent new hiv therapies are shutting out opportunistic infections. | highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has positively impacted the epidemiology of opportunistic infections in hiv- infected patients. the following opportunistic infections and their responses to haart and prophylaxis recommendations are examined: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), cytomegalovirus (cmv) disease, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease, and fungal diseases. the question of whether opportunistic infection prophylaxis should be continued in persons who respond to haart ... | 1998 | 11365645 |
| simply stated...are people still wasting? | aids wasting is seen less than in the past, but it still remains the second most common aids-related condition after pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. several factors contribute to wasting: opportunistic infections, anorexia/low food intake, and poor absorption and diarrhea. treatment options include appetite stimulants; nutritional supplements; treatment of opportunistic infections; and hormonal treatments, such as human growth hormone, testosterone, or thalidomide. preventing wasting requires ma ... | 1998 | 11365707 |
| opportunistic infections update. | the reduction in the incidence of opportunistic infections (ois) can be attributed to the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). several ois are discussed, including: mycobacterium avium complex, tuberculosis, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. at its highest efficacy, haart causes a positive immune response and may reduce the need for preventive and maintenance therapies. however, there is not a definitive way of determining who is a good candidate for eliminating preventive and ... | 1998 | 11365715 |
| failure of prophylaxis against pcp in patients with hiv infection. | since the end of the 1980s, primary anti-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis has become a fundamental part of the global aids control strategy in industrialized countries. the widespread adoption of anti-pcp chemoprophylaxis has been a key element in prolonging the survival of patients with aids. there is general agreement on the need to begin chemoprophylaxis when individual cd4+ cell counts drop below the value of 200/microl. however, pcp still develops in up to 27% of susceptible ... | 1998 | 11362040 |
| [cerebral toxoplasmosis in hiv infected patients intolerant of cotrimoxazole]. | using results of a multicentric randomized prospective trial of primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients which compared sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and pentamidine isethionate, the risk to develop cerebral toxoplasmosis was analyzed in the two assigned groups and in the groups of patients who stopped sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim prophylaxis. the risk to develop cerebral toxoplasmosis appeared significantly higher in the group of patients who stopped sulfa ... | 1998 | 11490526 |
| [clinical analysis of pulmonary infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)]. | this clinical analysis is made to achieve a better understanding of the opportunistic infection of patients with aids, especially pulmonary infection. | 1998 | 11360501 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumopathy in patients with aids. the first 3 cases reported in algeria and review of the literature]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a severe and dangerous infection which afflicts patients with immune deficiency, particularly those with aids. this pathology isn't well known in algeria. the aim of the present study is a contribution to make this disease more known in the algerian aids patients. it has focused on the research and the identification of p. carinii in the expectorations and in the bronchalveolar lavage (bal) fluids of 14 patients with respiratory troubles: 13 were aids case ... | 1998 | 11256310 |
| [studies in immunological diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection]. | to assess the diagnostic value of pneumocystis carinii(pc) antibodies and circulating antigens detection in alveolar lavage fluid (alf) and serum. | 1998 | 12078254 |
| managing illness. | although most infants infected with hiv manifest no symptoms of their infected status at birth, hiv-infected children usually develop clinical signs of hiv/aids much sooner after infection than do adults. a small percentage of children manifest no signs of hiv infection until reaching age 10 years or older. more than half of all hiv-infected children live for more than 5 years. it is extremely important that hiv-infected children lead normal lives, being allowed to play with friends, go to sc ... | 1998 | 12294836 |
| latest opportunistic infection prevention guidelines. | although people with hiv are living longer than ever before, they continue to suffer from infections that are associated with low t4-cell counts. the u.s. public health service (phs) and the infectious diseases society of america (idsa) have updated the guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections, including their positions on when prophylaxis is indicated. summaries are given for preventing the following infections: cytomegalovirus (cmv), cryptosporidiosis, fungal infections, human papill ... | 1998 | 11365000 |
| san francisco group demonstrates the ability of combination anti-hiv therapy to lower pht. | the bay area perinatal aids center (bapac) offers prenatal and hiv specialty care for hiv-positive women and for children. in the past two and a half years, bapac has treated 60 pregnant women, none of whom have transmitted hiv to their infants. the 62 infants born during this period will be followed for at least two years. karen beckerman, a physician at bapac, attributes the ideal transmission rate to combination therapy in the mothers, and to giving the babies azt in compliance with actg 076 ... | 1998 | 11365267 |
| [a clinical study of six cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | to heighten the awareness of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1998 | 11477873 |
| [analysis of etiological agents and death-relating factors of pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients]. | to explore the distribution of etiological agents and death-relating factors of pulmonary infections in immunocompromised hosts(ich). | 1998 | 11477891 |
| surfactant changes during experimental pneumocystosis are related to pneumocystis development. | pneumocystosis-related surfactant changes have been reported in both humans and corticosteroid-treated experimental hosts. as corticosteroids induce an increase in pulmonary surfactant, some findings could be considered as controversial. the aim of this study was to investigate whether the surfactant composition changes during experimental pneumocystosis were related to the pneumocystis development. in this work two corticosteroid-untreated animal models were used: rabbits, which develop spontan ... | 1998 | 9596099 |
| use of adjunctive corticosteroids in severe adult non-hiv pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to examine the use of adjunctive corticosteroids in cases of severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in non-hiv-infected adult patients. | 1998 | 9596297 |
| pulmonary complications of hiv infection: autopsy findings. | to describe the pulmonary complications in patients with hiv infection, and the changes in the incidence of these complications over a 12-year period. | 1998 | 9596298 |
| an unusual aural presentation of pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9598753 | |
| dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia. | to report a case of methemoglobinemia in a patient receiving dapsone for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1998 | 9606476 |
| recognition of pneumocystis carinii antigen on its surface by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. | the aim of this study was to detect the surface antigens in different stages of experimental induced pneumocystis carinii in sprague-dawley rats. immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal (900, 902 and 904) and polyclonal (sp-d) antibodies demonstrated that the p. carinii organisms were mostly in the alveolar lumina. the binding sites of the monoclonal (900, 902 and 904) and polyclonal (sp-d) antibodies developed against p. carinii were examined at the ultrastructural level by using a post-em ... | 1998 | 9610612 |
| [spontaneous pneumothorax associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection]. | spontaneous pneumothorax is a relatively frequent complication of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. seven hundred sixty-five hiv-infected inpatients were treated at marques de valdecilla university hospital between 1990 and 1996. spontaneous pneumothorax developed in 9 patients. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in 6 patients (66%), either before or simultaneous to the appearance of pneumothorax. pneumothorax was related to active or old tuberculosis infection in 3 patient ... | 1998 | 9611652 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis and early clinical manifestations of severe perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. northern california pediatric hiv consortium. | some children with perinatal hiv infection develop early progression to severe symptoms (category c) within the first 4 years of life. prophylactic therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) may affect progression by decreasing the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1998 | 9613653 |
| sulfa hypersensitivity in patients with hiv infection: onset, treatment, critical review of the literature. | trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is the most effective medication used in both the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with hiv/aids. its use, however, is accompanied by a high incidence of adverse reactions, especially fever, myalgia and rash (sulfa hypersensitivity). in a group of our patients, we have examined the clinical parameters at the time of onset of sulfa hypersensitivity, and the success of a desensitization protocol for this adverse event. we al ... | 1998 | 9617304 |
| kl-6 as a serologic indicator of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. | kl-6, a serum marker for interstitial pneumonitis, was evaluated in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). patient 1 was a 56-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis treated with immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids. patient 2 was a 59-year-old man with a glioblastoma who received anti-cancer drugs and corticosteroids. in both patients, serum kl-6 showed an abnormally high level due to the complication of pcp, and it decreased following successful treatment. these results in ... | 1998 | 9617869 |
| surfactant protein-a reduces binding and phagocytosis of pneumocystis carinii by human alveolar macrophages in vitro. | surfactant protein-a (sp-a) levels are increased in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but the role of sp-a in the pathogenesis of p. carinii pneumonia is not completely understood. this study investigated the effect of sp-a on the in vitro binding and phagocytosis of p. carinii by normal human alveolar macrophages (am). determination of binding and phagocytosis was done with a fluorescence-based assay, utilizing fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labeled p. carinii. binding and phagocytosis of p. c ... | 1998 | 9618388 |
| co-trimoxazole administered for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis does not interfere with saquinavir pharmacokinetics. | 1998 | 9619815 | |
| identification of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis gene sequences in filtered air in hospital environments. | to evaluate the risk of a nosocomial spread of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis (p. carinii hominis), air filter samples from rooms of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) patients, adjacent corridors, and other hospital environments have been investigated for the presence of p. carinii hominis. amplified dna from air filters and sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the pcp patients have been genotyped with the p. carinii hominis genes of the mitochondrial large-subunit (mtlsu) rrna and the in ... | 1998 | 9620410 |
| failure of co-trimoxazole in pneumocystis carinii infection and mutations in dihydropteroate synthase gene. | 1998 | 9620722 | |
| transbronchial needle aspiration (tbna) in patients infected with hiv. | transbronchial needle aspiration (tbna) of intrathoracic lymph nodes has been shown to be useful in the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. with the exception of sarcoidosis, the usefulness of tbna has not been widely investigated in other clinical settings. we investigated the utility of tbna with a 19-gauge histology needle in hiv-infected patients with mediastinal and hilar adenopathy at bellevue hospital center. we performed 44 procedures in 41 patients. adequate lymph node samp ... | 1998 | 9620927 |
| alcohol decreases t-lymphocyte migration into lung tissue in response to pneumocystis carinii and depletes t-lymphocyte numbers in the spleens of mice. | previous work from our laboratory has shown that chronic alcohol consumption in mice creates immunosuppression sufficient to permit infection with the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii. host defense against p. carinii is critically dependent upon host t lymphocytes. in these experiments, we address the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on recruitment of t lymphocytes into infected lung tissue and on lymphocytes in host lymphoid tissue. we find that mice administered alcohol in drin ... | 1998 | 9622447 |
| possible recurrence of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis in a single lung transplant recipient. | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis) is a disorder with a very poor prognosis for patients who do not respond to therapy with corticosteroids alone or in combination with immunosuppressive drugs, e.g. cyclophosphamide or azathioprine. for patients with end-stage disease, lung transplantation remains the only possibility for long-term survival. we describe a patient who received a left single lung transplant for end-stage desquamative interstitial pneumonitis. one year ... | 1998 | 9623705 |
| treatment of infection due to pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9624465 | |
| phase i safety and pharmacokinetics study of micronized atovaquone in human immunodeficiency virus-infected infants and children. pediatric aids clinical trials group. | a phase i dose-escalating safety and pharmacokinetic study evaluated an oral suspension of micronized atovaquone (m-atovaquone) in infants and children stratified into age groups from 1 month to 12 years of age. dosages of 10, 30, and 45 mg/kg of body weight/day were evaluated as single daily doses over a period of 12 days. steady-state concentrations in plasma were determined on day 12, and single postdose concentrations were measured on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 15, 18, 21, and 24. prior studies ... | 1998 | 9624466 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of a series of sulfa drugs as inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthetase. | sulfone and sulfanilamide sulfa drugs have been shown to inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase (dhps) isolated from pneumocystis carinii. in order to develop a pharmacophoric model for this inhibition, quantitative structure-activity relationships (qsar) for sulfa drugs active against dhps have been studied. accurate 50% inhibitory concentrations were collected for 44 analogs, and other parameters, such as partition coefficients and molar refractivity, were calculated. conventional multiple regress ... | 1998 | 9624493 |
| quantitation of absolute pneumocystis carinii nuclear dna content. trophic and cystic forms isolated from infected rat lungs are haploid organisms. | the pneumocystis carinii carinii dna content in nuclei of trophic forms and cysts (spore cases) containing 2, 4, or 8 intracystic bodies, were compared using quantitative fluorescence image analysis. the nuclear dna content was found to be lower than the theoretical limits of feulgen cytophotometry. several fluorescent dna dyes provide brighter staining, but these techniques suffer from nonspecific binding to other cellular components, such as rna. it was demonstrated that the thick glycocalyx s ... | 1998 | 9627984 |
| zymolyase treatment exposes p55 antigen of pneumocystis carinii. | rats exposed to pneumocystis carinii mount antibody responses to a broad band migrating on western blot with an apparent molecular weight of 45-55 kda. one antigen within this band, designated p55, is uniformly recognized by p. carinii exposed rats. although the gene encoding the p55 antigen had been previously cloned, the location of this antigen within the organism was unknown. prior attempts to localize the protein were unsuccessful. a monospecific polyclonal antiserum raised against a carbox ... | 1998 | 9627988 |
| cell wall antigens of pneumocystis carinii trophozoites and cysts: purification and carbohydrate analysis of these glycoproteins. | we have purified and biochemically analyzed individual cell wall glycoproteins of pneumocystis carinii. our results show that corresponding core glycoproteins constitute the cell wall antigens in both trophozoites and cysts, and glycosylation of these glycoproteins does not appear to be significantly altered during development. cysts and trophozoites in rat-derived organism preparations were separated from each other by counterflow centrifugal elutriation, then treated with zymolyase to obtain t ... | 1998 | 9627993 |
| [presence of pneumocystis carinii in cerebrospinal fluid]. | pneumocistis carinii is a ubiquitous protozoan present in mammals which frequently causes pulmonary problems in immunodeficient patients, especially those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. given its particular affinity with the lung area, it is rarely present in other tissues. it has on occasions been detected in the liver, spleen and lymphatic ganglia, external auditory canal, skin and to a lesser extent, other organs. it is extremely rare that the pathogen in question produces ex ... | 1998 | 9629775 |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with cotrimoxazole 18 mg/kg. | 1998 | 9629887 | |
| pneumocystis carinii mutations associated with sulfa and sulfone prophylaxis failures in aids patients. | failures of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients do occur, but no evidence for drug resistance has yet been presented. | 1998 | 9631140 |
| clinical predictors of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia and tuberculosis in hiv-infected patients. | clinicians are frequently faced with the differential diagnosis between pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), bacterial pneumonia, and pulmonary tuberculosis in hiv-infected patients. | 1998 | 9631142 |
| the diagnostic strategy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: is doing less better than doing more? | 1998 | 9631775 | |
| a comparison of induced and expectorated sputum for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to compare the sensitivities of expectorated and induced sputum for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1998 | 9631793 |
| immunization with pneumocystis carinii gpa is immunogenic but not protective in a mouse model of p. carinii pneumonia. | immunization with whole pneumocystis carinii has been shown to protect mice from the development of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) when they are subsequently immunosuppressed and challenged with viable organisms. to determine whether these results could be duplicated by using a subunit vaccine, we examined the immunogenicity and efficacy of an immunization strategy based on p. carinii gpa. this antigen was chosen for study because passive immunoprophylaxis, based on gpa, has been shown to be partial ... | 1998 | 9632583 |
| altered natural history of aids-related opportunistic infections in the era of potent combination antiretroviral therapy. | since potent hiv protease inhibitor drugs became widely available in early 1996, many hiv clinical specialists have noted a marked decrease in the occurrence of aids-related opportunistic infections, and some specialists have reported unusual clinical presentations and manifestations of previously common opportunistic infections. in this article, we will review (1) the available data regarding recent trends in aids-related opportunistic infections incidence and manifestations, (2) clinical and i ... | 1998 | 9632998 |
| adherence to antiretroviral and pneumocystis prophylaxis in hiv disease. | medication nonadherence in the treatment of chronic diseases compromises the effectiveness of therapy. little information is available about the extent of medication adherence or determinants of medication adherence in hiv disease, an issue of increasing importance in this new therapeutic era of combination antiretroviral therapy. | 1998 | 9637576 |
| the effect of heterogeneous hyperimmune igg antibody on prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii infection in rats. | immunotherapy has been used in support of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the present study investigated the therapeutic or preventive effects of heterogeneous hyperimmune igg antibody (hia) in experimental rats. their immunity was suppressed by steroid injection, and they were also injected peritoneally with hia which reacted with 40-55, 92, 116, and 200 kda bands of the crude antigen. all rats were infected by p. carinii and the cystic forms on lung ... | 1998 | 9637830 |
| [acute myelogenous leukemia with hyperkalemia induced by pentamidine administration]. | a 27-year-old male with acute myelogenous leukemia received an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-bmt). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed on day 65 after the allo-bmt. the patient was intravenously treated with pentamidine. this resulted in a prompt improvement of his dyspnea and fever, but hyperkalemia occurred during the pentamidine therapy. treatment with pentamidine was stopped and emergent treatment was started. nevertheless, the serum potassium level rose to 7.7 meq/l. urg ... | 1998 | 9637892 |
| hospital service interventions and improving survival of aids patients st mary's hospital, london, 1982-1991. | the relationship between changes in hospital service interventions at st mary's hospital, london, reduced case fatality for patients with their first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and improved survival from diagnosis of aids was investigated for the period 1982-1991. multivariate logistic regression models identified factors independently associated with episode survival; for those patients who survived their first episode of pcp, survival from time of diagnosis of aids was ana ... | 1998 | 9639206 |
| [prevention of opportunistic infections in hiv-infected adults]. | opportunistic infections have a major influence on morbidity and mortality in hiv-infected individuals. prophylactic measures have to be introduced for each patient, corresponding to the stage of disease measured by cd4-lymphocyte count. they consist of exposure prophylaxis, vaccinations and especially chemoprophylaxis with antimicrobials. some live vaccines are contraindicated in hiv infected patients. pneumococcal vaccine for every patient and specific primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis ... | 1998 | 9643128 |
| saquinavir enhances the mucosal toxicity of infusional cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide in patients with hiv-associated non-hodgkin's lymphoma. | protease inhibitors are an important new class of agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the purpose of our trial was to determine the feasibility of combining the protease inhibitor saquinavir with a 96-hour continuous intravenous infusion of cyclophosphamide (800 mg/m2), doxorubicin (50 mg/m2, and etoposide (240 mg/m2) (cde) plus filgrastim in patients with non-hodgkin's lymphoma associated with hiv infection. the effect of saquinavir on cde-induced myelosupp ... | 1998 | 9643531 |
| [thyroiditis caused by pneumocystis carinii in a patient with hiv infection]. | 1998 | 9646573 | |
| susceptibility to pneumocystis carinii in mice is dependent on simultaneous deletion of ifn-gamma and type 1 and 2 tnf receptor genes. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients, particularly hiv-infected individuals. an improved understanding of pulmonary host response, including the cytokines required for defense, could suggest novel immunotherapeutic approaches to this infection. the cytokines ifn-gamma and tnf have contributory roles in host defense against p. carinii, but their combined and interactive importance is unclear. to test the roles of these cytoki ... | 1998 | 9647244 |
| cushing's syndrome complicated by multiple opportunistic infections. | the case history of a 56-year-old man is described who suffered from severe adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth)-dependent cushing's syndrome. the clinical course was complicated by simultaneous infections with pneumocystis carinii, staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus and herpes simplex, which proved to be fatal. a study of the literature shows that opportunistic infections in endogenous cushing's syndrome are associated with severe cortisol excess and carry a high mort ... | 1998 | 9648056 |
| [liver changes in aids. retrospective analysis of 227 autopsies of hiv-positive patients]. | in a retrospective study of a 12-year period (1981-1992) liver histology was analyzed in 227 autopsied patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. normal histology could only be documented in 29 patients (13%). in the majority of cases (56%) uncharacteristic changes were seen such as steatosis (34%), hemosiderosis (10%) or non-specific reactive hepatitis (7%). the finding of hepatic peliosis obtained in 4 patients was not associated with inflammatory liver changes, especially infect ... | 1998 | 9648144 |
| antisense binding enhanced by tertiary interactions: binding of phosphorothioate and n3'-->p5' phosphoramidate hexanucleotides to the catalytic core of a group i ribozyme from the mammalian pathogen pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii is the most common lethal opportunistic pathogen infecting acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) patients, and more effective therapeutics for it are needed. p. carinii, but not humans, contain rna self-splicing group i introns, so these functionally important rnas are potential anti-fungal targets. in vitro, d(atgact), which mimics the 3' end of the 5' exon of a conserved ribosomal rna group i intron from mouse-derived pneumocystis carinii binds to a ribozyme that is a ... | 1998 | 9649319 |
| pneumocystis carinii induces interleukin 6 production by an alveolar epithelial cell line. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) infection often results in severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. attachment of pc organisms to alveolar epithelial cells is a hallmark of pc pneumonia; however, few studies have investigated the response of alveolar epithelial cells to pc infection. | 1998 | 9650017 |
| diagnostic use of pcr for detection of pneumocystis carinii in oral wash samples. | there is a need to develop noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients unable to undergo bronchoscopy or induction sputum. oral wash specimens are easily obtained, and p. carinii nucleic acid can be amplified and demonstrated by pcr. in routine clinical use, easy sample processing and single-round pcr are needed to ensure rapid analysis and to reduce the risk of contamination. we developed a single-round touchdown pcr (td-pcr) protocol with the ability to ... | 1998 | 9650964 |
| trends in aids-related opportunistic infections among men who have sex with men and among injecting drug users, 1991-1996. | incidence trends for the 13 most frequent aids-defining opportunistic infections (ois) among men who have sex with men (msm, n = 15,588) and injecting drug users (idus, n = 4475) were examined using data abstracted from medical records in >90 hospitals and clinics in nine us cities during 1991-1996. among msm, the most frequent ois were mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis; decreasing (p < or = .05) trends occurred f ... | 1998 | 9652430 |
| recognition of pneumocystis carinii antigens by local antibody-secreting cells following resolution of p. carinii pneumonia in mice. | to examine the repertoire of pneumocystis carinii antigens recognized by antibody-secreting b cells from tracheobronchial lymph nodes isolated immediately following recovery from p. carinii pneumonia, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced from these cells. in contrast to previous studies of systemic immunity, p. carinii gpa was not the immunodominant antigen recognized by these b cells. forty-nine (91%) of 54 p. carinii-specific hybridoma culture supernatants reacted with p. carinii antigen ... | 1998 | 9652446 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in breast cancer. | 1998 | 9653502 | |
| [pulmonary emphysematous changes associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an aids patient]. | a 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of non-productive cough. he had worked in africa and received a blood transfusion after a traffic accident in 1985. on admission, the patient had remarkable hypoxemia and a decreased cd4+ lymphocyte count. a serological test for human immuno-deficiency virus (hiv)-1 was positive. his chest radiographs showed diffuse reticular and linear opacities, and broncoalveolar lavage findings established a diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumoni ... | 1998 | 9656678 |
| antigenic properties of recombinant glycosylated and nonglycosylated pneumocystis carinii glycoprotein a polypeptides expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. | since a continuous culture system is not yet available for the opportunistic fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii, obtaining suitable amounts of purified p. carinii antigens free of mammalian-host lung contaminants is difficult. hence, production of recombinant antigen possessing epitopes found in native p. carinii antigens is critical for immunological studies. we utilized the baculovirus expression vector system (bevs) in insect cells to determine whether b-cell epitopes present in the protein ... | 1998 | 9658387 |
| disease progression and survival following specific aids-defining conditions: a retrospective cohort study of 2048 hiv-infected persons in london. | to assess the impact of specific aids-defining conditions on survival in hiv-infected persons, with emphasis on the effect of tuberculosis. | 1998 | 9662196 |
| wegener's granulomatosis: long-term follow-up of patients treated with pulse cyclophosphamide. | treatment with daily oral cyclophosphamide (cy) has improved survival in wegener's granulomatosis (wg), but is associated with severe and potentially lethal adverse effects. less toxic treatment regimens, such as pulse cy, have been used, but the effect has been questioned. we have treated 11 patients with wg with pulse cy (15 mg/kg initially every second week, gradually increasing the pulse interval). after 4.5 yr follow-up and a total of 501 pulses of cy, one patient died and eight patients (7 ... | 1998 | 9667621 |
| cd4+ and cd8+ t-lymphocytopenia in a filly with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | decreased proportion of cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes in peripheral blood likely contributed to susceptibility to pneumocystis carinii in a foal. cytological evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage was required for identification of the pathogen and serial flow-cytometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes documented transient low expression of cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes. although immunodeficiency is uncommon, it must be included in the differential diagnosis for patients suffering from chroni ... | 1998 | 9673763 |
| risk factors and outcomes associated with identification of aspergillus in respiratory specimens from persons with hiv disease. pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group. | to examine the significance of previously suggested risk factors and assess outcomes associated with aspergillus identification in respiratory specimens from hiv-seropositive individuals. | 1998 | 9674459 |
| validation of the modified multisystem organ failure score as a predictor of mortality in patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and respiratory failure. | to validate a previously developed multisystem organ failure (msof) score with and without the addition of the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) level as a predictor of survival to hospital discharge in patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and acute respiratory failure (arf). | 1998 | 9674470 |
| [prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections]. | an opportunist infection (oi) is understood to be an infection produced by microorganisms that invade a host with impaired immune capacity, such as children with hiv infection. the adequate treatment and chemoprophylaxis of these infections has improved the prognosis of their evolution, although they still present a high morbidity and mortality when they occur. in this sense, the introduction of triple therapy (new antiretroviral inhibitors and protease inhibitors) is likely to produce a prompt ... | 1998 | 9675398 |
| use of dapsone in the prevention and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a review. | dapsone, with or without trimethoprim or pyrimethamine, has strong anti-pneumocystis carinii activity, as demonstrated by in vitro methods, animal studies, and clinical trials. the drug blocks folic acid synthesis of p. carinii by inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase activity. dapsone is efficiently absorbed (70%-80%) from the gastrointestinal tract, reaches peak serum concentration in 2-6 hours, and is adequately distributed to the fluid of the alveolar spaces. synergistic effects against p ... | 1998 | 9675476 |
| hiv and the lung. | the spectrum of hiv-related respiratory diseases has evolved since initial years of the epidemic. with changes in the definition of aids, shifts in demographic and behavior risk factors for hiv infection, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis, the incidence of bacterial pneumonia has matched that of pcp. combination antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors has been a major contributor to a recent decline in hiv-related opportunistic infections. these advances will almost ce ... | 1998 | 9675515 |
| molecular characterization of mouse pneumocystis carinii surface glycoprotein a. | since the mouse offers an easily manipulated experimental animal model for the study of the immunopathogenesis of pneumonia caused by the opportunist pneumocystis carinii, we cloned and characterized cdnas encoding an abundant, immunogenic surface antigen termed glycoprotein a (gpa) from mouse p. carinii. a cdna library was constructed in bacteriophage lambda gt11 from p. carinii-infected mouse lung poly(a+) rna. using a nucleic acid probe derived from a conserved region of the mouse p. carinii ... | 1998 | 9679195 |
| oral manifestations of toxic epidermal necrolysis (ten) in patients with aids: report of five cases. | to describe oral findings in hiv-infected individuals with toxic epidermal necrolysis (ten). | 1998 | 9680896 |
| immunization with the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii elicits a protective response. | pneumocystis carinii, a leading opportunistic pulmonary pathogen, contains a major surface glycoprotein (msg) which plays a central role in its interaction with the host. naive lewis rats were immunized with varying concentrations of purified native msg and a recombinant form of the protein (msg-b), placed in a conventional rat colony with exposure to p. carinii, and immunosuppressed with corticosteroids for 10 weeks to induce the development of pneumocystosis. immunization elicited humoral and ... | 1998 | 9682373 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in aids patients with diarrhoea in santa maria hospital, lisbon. | we report the findings of a longitudinal observational study on hiv-infected patients grouped by presumed transmission group, who had diarrhoea. the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with cryptosporidium infection on these patients. modifiied formol-ether concentration followed by modified ziehl-neelsen and phenol-auramine/carbol-fuchsin staining techniques were used to identify cryptosporidium from 465 patients. cryptosporidiosis was reported in 36/465 ... | 1998 | 9684326 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-positive patients. bronchoalveolar lavage vs. bronchial brushing. | to evaluate the contribution of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and bronchial brushing (bb) and the use of different tinctorial stains in the detection of pneumocystis carinii (pc) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients. | 1998 | 9684580 |
| efficacy of mk-991 (l-743,872), a semisynthetic pneumocandin, in murine models of pneumocystis carinii. | in addition to its potent efficacy in animal models against candida sp., aspergillus fumigatus, and histoplasma capsulatum, the clinical candidate pneumocandin mk-991 (formerly l-743,872) was also extremely potent against pneumocystis carinii in models of immune-compromised animals. mk-991 was approximately 14 times more potent than the original natural product lead, pneumocandin b0. the 90% effective dose (ed90) of mk-991 for cyst clearance in the rat model for pneumocystis was 0.011 mg/kg of b ... | 1998 | 9687394 |
| interaction of rat pneumocystis carinii and rat alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. | during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, p. carinii trophic forms adhere tightly to type i alveolar epithelial cells (aecs). however, the manner in which the interaction between p. carinii organisms and aecs results in clinical pneumonia has not been explored. to investigate this interaction in vitro, we established a culture system using rat p. carinii and primary cultures of rat aecs. we hypothesized that binding of p. carinii to aecs would alter the metabolic, structural, and barrier functions ... | 1998 | 9688943 |
| characterization of a mitogen-activated protein kinase from pneumocystis carinii. | the pathogenic fungus pneumocystis carinii causes severe pneumonia in patients with impaired immunity, particularly patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the life cycle of p. carinii is poorly understood, and the inability to continuously culture p. carinii is a major limitation in understanding its cell biology. in fungi homologous to p. carinii, pheromone mating factors signal through a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signal transduction cascade, resulting in mitotic cell c ... | 1998 | 9688951 |
| pneumocystis carinii in wildlife. | pneumocystis carinii is a eukaryotic organism capable of causing life-threatening pneumonia (pcp) in immunocompromised hosts. despite intensive investigation in human and laboratory animal hosts, information on the occurrence and nature of infections in wild animals is scarce, although characterisation of infections in wild-animal populations may help to elucidate the life-cycle and transmission of this elusive organism. due to the interspecific differences in prevalence and intensity of p. cari ... | 1998 | 9512987 |
| declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. hiv outpatient study investigators. | national surveillance data show recent, marked reductions in morbidity and mortality associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). to evaluate these declines, we analyzed data on 1255 patients, each of whom had at least one cd4+ count below 100 cells per cubic millimeter, who were seen at nine clinics specializing in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in eight u.s. cities from january 1994 through june 1997. | 1998 | 9516219 |
| olecranon bursitis caused by infection with candida lusitaniae. | we describe a 59-year-old woman with diabetes and chronic asthma treated with prednisone and methotrexate who developed chronic olecranon bursitis caused by candida lusitaniae. infection, especially with unusual microbial pathogens, should be considered in cases of chronic bursitis in patients taking immunosuppressive medicine, even if the classic signs of septic bursitis are absent. infection with c. lusitaniae, a component of the normal mycoflora, may be a marker of serious immunosuppression, ... | 1998 | 9517788 |
| frequency and determinants of use of antiretroviral and prophylactic therapies against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) before aids diagnosis in italy. | to determine the frequency and the determinants of use of antiretroviral drugs and prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) among hiv-infected individuals before aids diagnosis, a questionnaire was sent to all physicians reporting at least one aids case during the first six months of 1994 to the italian national aids registry. information on cases diagnosed between 1 january and 31 march 1995 was collected. information was obtained for 878 (66.4%) of the 1323 persons with aids: 447 ( ... | 1998 | 9517872 |
| anti-pneumocystis activities of aromatic diamidoxime prodrugs. | aromatic dicationic compounds, such as pentamidine, have potent antimicrobial activities. clinical use of these compounds has been restricted, however, by their toxicity and limited oral activity. a novel approach, using amidoxime derivatives as prodrugs, has recently been proposed to overcome these limitations. although results were presented for amidoxime derivatives of only one diamidine, pentamidine, the authors in the original proposal claimed that amidoxime derivatives would work as effect ... | 1998 | 9517949 |
| pneumocystis carinii and the immune response in disease. | pneumocystis carinii causes serious disease in immunocompromised patients, notably in aids patients. our understanding of the biology of this fungus is advancing but still incomplete. protective immunity against p. carinii is mediated by cd4+ t cells in the immunocompetent host, but precise resistance mechanisms remain to be determined. | 1998 | 9507642 |
| the incidence of aids-defining illnesses in 4883 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. royal free/chelsea and westminster hospitals collaborative group. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-defining illnesses are known to occur at different levels of immunosuppression, and the incidence of diagnoses may also vary according to the cd4 lymphocyte count strata. information about the incidence of disease at different levels of immunosuppression would help clinicians monitoring patients and would allow prophylaxis to be targeted at the most appropriate population. | 1998 | 9508227 |
| update on pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis typing based on nucleotide sequence variations in internal transcribed spacer regions of rrna genes. | pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis isolates from 207 clinical specimens from nine countries were typed based on nucleotide sequence variations in the internal transcribed spacer regions i and ii (its1 and its2, respectively) of rrna genes. the number of its1 nucleotides has been revised from the previously reported 157 bp to 161 bp. likewise, the number of its2 nucleotides has been changed from 177 to 192 bp. the number of its1 sequence types has increased from 2 to 15, and that of its2 has inc ... | 1998 | 9508304 |
| identification and characterization of an endo/exonuclease in pneumocystis carinii that is inhibited by dicationic diarylfurans with efficacy against pneumocystis pneumonia. | dicationic diarylfurans and dicationic carbazoles are under development as therapeutic agents against opportunistic infections. while their ability to bind to the minor groove of dna has been established, the complete mechanism of action has not. we demonstrate here that an effective diarylfuran, 2,5-bis[4-(n-isopropylguanyl)phenyl]furan, inhibits an endo/exonuclease activity present in pneumocystis carinii, cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, and saccharomyces cerevisiae. this activity w ... | 1998 | 9495040 |
| acceptability of low-volume, induced sputum specimens for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | two milliliters of induced sputum is the minimum volume recommended for microscopic examination for pneumocystis carinii by direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) stain. many specimens received in our laboratory do not meet this criterion. rejection of these inadequate specimens increases cost and discomfort to the patient because additional specimens must be obtained. to determine whether volumes less than 2 ml were acceptable for microscopic analysis, we examined 177 consecutive induced sputum spec ... | 1998 | 9495208 |
| health services use by urban women with or at risk for hiv-1 infection: the hiv epidemiology research study (hers). | to characterize health services use by urban women with or at risk for hiv-1 infection enrolled in a prospective multicenter study. | 1998 | 9495226 |
| trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and metabolic acidosis in hiv-infected patients. | to describe a retrospective study of six hiv-positive individuals with compensated metabolic acidosis while receiving intravenous trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx). | 1998 | 9496402 |