Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [prevalence of infection by intestinal parasites in north lebanon: 1997-2001]. | we determined the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the north of lebanon between 1997 and 2001. we analysed the parasitology records of 17126 patients and evidence of parasitic infections was found in 5 713 (33.35%) cases. there was no significant difference in prevalence for males or females for any of the parasites. the most prevalent parasites were entamoeba coli (38.45%), ascaris lumbricoides (37.14%), giardia lamblia (15.39%), ent. histolytica (4.57%) and taenia sp. (3.3%). a comparison ... | 2004 | 16212211 |
| microorganisms and parasites in chronic infective diarrhea. | to reveal the pattern of microorganisms in chronic infective diarrhea cases. | 2004 | 15931720 |
| cryptosporidium parvum and other instestinal parasites among diarrhoeal patients referred to ehnri in ethiopia. | the occurrence of intestinal parasites in patients referred to the parasitology laboratory of the ethiopian health and nutrition research institute (ehnri), was recorded for four consecutive years, 1998-2001. based on the stool appearance i.e. watery, loose, muciod and bloody, 442 diarrhoeal samples were particularly selected to allow diagnosis of intestinal parasites with emphasis on coccidian intestinal parasites. wet saline mounts and formol ether concentration method with logul's iodine were ... | 2004 | 16895037 |
| [frequency of human parasites in selected populations of silesian region]. | epidemiological evaluation of the most frequent human parasitoses in the group of children at age of seven years, in adult patients and in group of polish citizens coming back from tropics between 1999-2003 was performed. all examined people were silesian region inhabitants. the biggest average infection prevalence in children from all examined years concerned enterobius vermicularis, in adult--giardia intestinalis, while in group of population coming back from tropics--entamoeba histolytica-lik ... | 2005 | 16841687 |
| [distribution of intestinal parasites in children aged between 0 and 14 presenting at the laboratory of parasitology of the mustafa kemal university medical school.] | the aim of this study was to determine the parasite frequency in children from 0-14 years old who had presented at the parasitology laboratory of the mustafa kemal university medicine school complaining of gastrointestinal and anal pruritus. during the laboratory investigation, 561 fecal specimens and 534 cellophane tapes obtained from the patients were examined. after the microscope examination of 561 feces samples, it was found that 104 of these samples (from 50 boys and 54 girls) contained on ... | 2005 | 17124682 |
| [distribution of intestinal parasites among patients who presented at the department of parasitology of the erciyes university medical school.] | in this study carried out from 2000-2004, a total of 34,883 stool samples were examined using native-lugol and flotation/sedimentation methods and 9,879 cellophane tape preparations were examined directly. intestinal parasites were found in 9,704 (27.8%) of the specimens. the parasites that were found and their prevalence is as follows: blastocystis hominis, 6,723 (19.3%); entamoeba coli, 1,007 (2.9%); giardia intestinalis, 892 (2.6%); entamoeba histolytica/e. dispar, 798 (2.3%); endolimax nana, ... | 2005 | 17124684 |
| synthesis and anti-amoebic activity of gold(i), ruthenium(ii), and copper(ii) complexes of metronidazole. | a series of au, ru, and cu complexes of metronidazole (= [1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1h-imidazole; 1) were prepared as highly potent anti-amoebic drugs. the complexes [au(pph3)(1)]pf6 (2), [ru(1)2(cl)2(h2o)2] (3), and [cu(1)2(mu-cl)(h2o)]2cl2 (4) were readily synthesized from [au(pph3)cl], rucl3 x 3 h2o, and cucl2 x 2 h2o, respectively. all complexes were thoroughly characterized by ir, uv/vis, 1h-nmr, fab-ms, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, and, in the case of 4, also by x-ra ... | 2005 | 17191933 |
| [evaluation of the distribution of intestinal parasites in the uludag university medical faculty during a period of eight years.]. | the purpose of the present study was to investigate retrospectively the distribution and prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients who presented at the routine parasitology laboratory of the uludag university medical faculty, bursa, during the 8 years from january 1993-december 2000. a total of 32,346 stool specimens were examined for intestinal parasites using native- lugol and formol ethyl ether methods. also, 10,897 cellophane- tape preparations were studied directly. parasites were foun ... | 2005 | 17160822 |
| [intestinal parasitic diseases in hiv-infected patients in uzbekistan]. | intestinal parasitic diseases were diagnosed in 100 hiv-infected patients at different stages of disease (its asymptomatic form, persistent generalized lymphoadenopathy, pre-aids, and aids) (group 1), 100 tashkent residents (group 2), and 349 patients with gastrointestinal diseases, allergic dermatoses, and skin depigmentation foci (group 3). the hiv-infected patients were found to have virtually all parasites, such as giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium parvum, chilomastix mesnili, entamoeba coli, ... | 2005 | 16212098 |
| [transmission of enteropasitosis through currency notes]. | there are several ways to propagation of parasitary diseases and how there aren't many bibliographic work about this theme, it was realized a study near to the natal-rn population, to verify the enteroparasites transmission through the paper money. | 2005 | 17768817 |
| protective activity of picroliv on hepatic amoebiasis associated with carbon tetrachloride toxicity. | picroliv, isolated from the root and rhizome of picrorhiza kurroa, is known to have significant hepatoprotective activity. its effects against entamoeba histolytica induced liver damage are not studied. this study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective action of picroliv against the hepatotoxic changes induced by carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4)) and e. histolytica infection in three animal models. | 2005 | 15937372 |
| amebiasis in infancy in the middle-high socioeconomic class in istanbul, turkey. | amebiasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. we present 11 children with acute entamoeba histolytica infection. none of the infants developed extraintestinal disease or required hospitalization. light microscopy results correlated with stool antigen test for e. histolytica. breast-feeding and middle-high socioeconomic status does not protect infants from infection with e. histolytica in endemic areas. | 2005 | 16220097 |
| vaccine prospects for amebiasis. | entamoeba histolytica is a eukaryotic protozoan parasite and is the causative agent of amebic colitis and amebic liver abscess. many insights into the innate and acquired immune responses to infection with e. histolytica have been made in recent years. these findings have provided a foundation for producing a vaccine that could help to prevent the initial establishment of infection in the intestinal wall. the galactose and n-acetyl-d-galactosamine-specific lectin on the surface of the ameba is a ... | 2005 | 16221067 |
| amoebic renal cyst: a case report. | entamoeba histolytica can infect any organ of the body, but only one case of renal involvement has been reported till now in the literature. we report a rare case of amoebic renal cyst in a 78-year showing favorable outcome with metronidazole treatment and therapeutic drainage. | 2005 | 16224635 |
| sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism in parasitic protozoa. | sulfur-containing amino acids play indispensable roles in a wide variety of biological activities including protein synthesis, methylation, and biosynthesis of polyamines and glutathione. biosynthesis and catabolism of these amino acids need to be carefully regulated to achieve the requirement of the above-mentioned activities and also to eliminate toxicity attributable to the amino acids. genome-wide analyses of enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways of sulfur-containing amino acids, includ ... | 2005 | 16230102 |
| sensitivity and specificity of a new commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay kit for detecting entamoeba histolytica igg antibodies in serum samples. | the study presented here was conducted to evaluate the performance of the newly available ridascreen set (r-biopharm ag, darmstadt, germany) for the detection of immunoglobulin g antibodies against entamoeba histolytica. the sensitivity and specificity of this new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were evaluated using a panel of sera from 239 individuals. the assay was positive for 43 of 44 patients with invasive amebiasis, including all 18 patients with amebic liver abscess, while it was negati ... | 2005 | 16261304 |
| entamoeba moshkovskii and entamoeba dispar-associated infections in pondicherry, india. | the prevalence of laredo strain--entamoeba moshkovskii--and non-pathogenic e. dispar in patients attending the jawaharlal institute of postgraduate medical education and research hospital, pondicherry, india, is reported here. e. moshkovskii is reported for the first time in india. the species are morphologically indistinguishable from pathogenic e. histolytica. of 746 stool samples screened, 68 showing cyst or trophozoite stage of e. histolytica, e. dispar, or e. moshkovskii were subjected to s ... | 2005 | 16262027 |
| epigenetic and classical activation of entamoeba histolytica heat shock protein 100 (ehsp100) expression. | the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica expresses a cytosine-5 dna methyltransferase (ehmeth) that belongs to the dnmt2 protein family. the biological function of members of this dnmt2 family is unknown. in the present study, the 5' region of e. histolytica heat shock protein 100 (5'ehsp100) was isolated by affinity chromatography with 5-methylcytosine antibodies as ligand. the methylation status of 5'ehsp100 was confirmed by sodium bisulfite sequencing. we showed that the expression of ehs ... | 2005 | 16263115 |
| comparison of real-time pcr protocols for differential laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis. | specific identification of entamoeba spp. in clinical specimens is an important confirmatory diagnostic step in the management of patients who may be infected with entamoeba histolytica, the species that causes clinical amebiasis. distinct real-time pcr protocols have recently been published for identification of e. histolytica and differentiation from the morphologically identical nonpathogenic entamoeba dispar. in this study, we compared three e. histolytica real-time pcr techniques published ... | 2005 | 16272475 |
| the abp-120 c-end region from entamoeba histolytica interacts with sulfatide, a new lipid target. | ehabp-120 is the first filamin identified in the parasitic protozoan entamoeba histolytica. filamins are a family of cross-linking actin-binding proteins that promote a dynamic orthogonal web. they have been reported to interact directly with more than 30 cellular proteins and some phosphoinositides. the biochemical consequences of these interactions may have either positive or negative effects on the cross-linking function and also form a link between the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. in th ... | 2005 | 16274663 |
| involvement of a short interspersed element in epigenetic transcriptional silencing of the amoebapore gene in entamoeba histolytica. | transcriptional silencing of an amoebapore (ap-a) gene occurred in entamoeba histolytica following the transfection of plasmids containing a dna segment (473 bp) homologous to the 5' upstream region of the gene (r. bracha, y. nuchamowitz, and d. mirelman, eukaryot. cell 2:295-305, 2003). this segment contains the promoter region of the ap-a gene, a t-rich stretch, followed by a truncated sine1 (short interspersed element 1) that is transcribed from the antisense strand. transfection of plasmids ... | 2005 | 16278444 |
| amebic colitis in asymptomatic subjects with positive fecal occult blood test results: clinical features different from symptomatic cases. | amebiasis is a common parasitic infectious disease in developing countries. in developed countries, it is occasionally encountered in travelers to the tropics and in homosexual males. during the past eight years, we detected four cases of amebic colitis among 5,193 subjects who underwent colonoscopy because of positive fecal occult blood test results in a mass screening. all four cases did not have any abdominal symptoms. ulcerative lesions were observed only in the cecum and ascending colon; an ... | 2005 | 16282306 |
| synthesis, spectral studies and in vitro assessment for antiamoebic activity of new cyclooctadiene ruthenium(ii) complexes with 5-nitrothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones. | we report here the synthesis, characterization and in vitro antiamoebic activity of 5-nitrothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones (tsc), 1-5, and their bidentate complexes [ru(eta(4)-c(8)h(12))(tsc)cl(2)] 1a-5a. the biological studies of these compounds were investigated against hk-9 strain of entamoeba histolytica and the concentration causing 50% cell growth inhibition (ic(50)) was calculated in the micromolar range. the ligands exhibited antiamoebic activity in the range (2.05-5.29micr ... | 2005 | 16213728 |
| [amoebic infections of the lung and pleura]. | pleuropulmonary involvement is the second most common extra-intestinal manifestation of entamoeba histolytica infection after liver abscess. | 2005 | 16217543 |
| specificity determinants in inositol polyphosphate synthesis: crystal structure of inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase. | inositol hexakisphosphate and other inositol high polyphosphates have diverse and critical roles in eukaryotic regulatory pathways. inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in inositol high polyphosphate synthesis in animals. this multifunctional enzyme also has inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase and other activities. the structure of an archetypal family member, from entamoeba histolytica, has been determined to 1.2 a resolution in binary and ternary com ... | 2005 | 15837423 |
| enteric protozoal diseases. | the most common protozoal agents infecting the gastrointestinal tract of cats are giardia spp, cryptosporidium spp, cystoisospora spp, sarcocystis spp, besnoitia spp, hammondia spp, toxoplasma gondii, entamoeba histolytica, and tritrichomonas fetus. | 2005 | 15627628 |
| effect of zinc-treated entamoeba histolytica on the human polymorphonuclear respiratory burst. | one of the mechanisms that entamoeba histolytica uses to evade host immune response is inhibition of the polymorphonuclear (pmn) leukocyte respiratory burst. in studies previously conducted in a model used in our laboratory, we observed that when treating trophozoites with different zinc concentrations certain amebic functions are inhibited while significantly limiting development of hepatic abscess in golden hamsters (mesocricetus aureatus). we carried out an in vitro study using a chemolumines ... | 2005 | 15778000 |
| nadph oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of erk1/2 is required for apoptosis of human neutrophils induced by entamoeba histolytica. | the extracellular tissue penetrating protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica has been known to induce host cell apoptosis. however, the intracellular signaling mechanism used by the parasite to trigger apoptosis is poorly understood. in this study, we investigated the roles of reactive oxygen species (ros), and of mapks in the entamoeba-induced apoptosis of human neutrophils. the neutrophils incubated with live trophozoites of e. histolytica revealed a marked increase of receptor shedding of cd ... | 2005 | 15778391 |
| pulmonary amoebiasis presenting as superior vena cava syndrome. | pulmonary amoebiasis without liver involvement occurs sporadically as a result of haematogenous spread from a primary site, the colon. the case history is presented of a patient who developed superior vena cava syndrome due to a pulmonary amoebic abscess without liver involvement. he was initially suspected of having a neoplasm but a combination of tests including histological examination of the h&e stained excised tissue, immunofluorescence using anti-entamoeba histolytica antibodies, and serol ... | 2005 | 15790993 |
| entamoeba histolytica activates host cell caspases during contact-dependent cell killing. | entamoeba histolytica is a human intestinal parasite that causes amoebic colitis as well as liver abscesses. host tissues are damaged through a three-step process involving adherence, contact-dependent cytolysis, and phagocytosis. these three processes all contribute to the pathogenicity of this parasite. adherence is provided by the gal/galnac adherence lectin. host cells are lysed in a contact-dependent fashion. there is evidence that suggests that this contact-dependent killing involves the i ... | 2005 | 15791956 |
| glycolysis in entamoeba histolytica. biochemical characterization of recombinant glycolytic enzymes and flux control analysis. | the synthesis of atp in the human parasite entamoeba histolytica is carried out solely by the glycolytic pathway. little kinetic and structural information is available for most of the pathway enzymes. we report here the gene cloning, overexpression and purification of hexokinase, hexose-6-phosphate isomerase, inorganic pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase, fructose-1,6 bisphosphate aldolase (aldo), triosephosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), phosphoglycer ... | 2005 | 15794763 |
| identification of trypanothione from the human pathogen entamoeba histolytica by mass spectrometry and chemical analysis. | in this paper, we present definitive data to show, from esi (electrospray ionization) studies, that the thiol-bimane compound isolated and purified from entamoeba histolytica trophozoites, corresponds unequivocally to the structure of trypanothione. trypanothione disulphide was shown to have a molecular ion of m/z 722. it was further demonstrated by maldi-tof (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight) ms that this thiol compound also corresponds to the characteristic monoproton ... | 2005 | 15801913 |
| [presence of entamoeba histolytica in chronic urethritis]. | 2005 | 15802118 | |
| the pathogenicity of entamoeba histolytica is related to the capacity of evading innate immunity. | the host and parasite factors that influence susceptibility to entamoeba histolytica infection and disease are not well understood. entamoeba histolytica pathogenicity has been considered by focusing principally on parasite rather than host factors. thus, research has concentrated on explaining the molecular differences between pathogenic e. histolytica and non-pathogenic e. dispar. however, the amoeba molecules considered most important for host tissue destruction (amoebapore, galactose/n-acety ... | 2005 | 15813717 |
| cytokine mrna expressions in symptomatic vs. asymptomatic amoebiasis patients. | infection with entamoeba histolytica results in high mortality worldwide. studies on the cytokine response in symptomatic and asymptomatic amoebiasis (caused by e. histolytica, the pathogenic species and e. dispar, the non-pathogenic species) subjects and their correlation with symptomatology are lacking. the present study reports the cytokine response (tnf-alpha, ifn-gamma, il-4, il-10 and tgf-beta) in such subjects as measured by rt-pcr. the results showed significantly (< 0.05) higher express ... | 2005 | 15813721 |
| identification and gene expression analysis of a large family of transmembrane kinases related to the gal/galnac lectin in entamoeba histolytica. | we identified in the entamoeba histolytica genome a family of over 80 putative transmembrane kinases (tmks). the tmk extracellular domains had significant similarity to the intermediate subunit (igl) of the parasite gal/galnac lectin. the closest homolog to the e. histolytica tmk kinase domain was a cytoplasmic dual-specificity kinase, spla, from dictyostelium discoideum. sequence analysis of the tmk family demonstrated similarities to both serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. tmk genes from e ... | 2005 | 15821132 |
| proteomic analysis of phagocytosis in the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. | proteomic analysis of phagosomes isolated from entamoeba histolytica by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry identified 85 proteins involved in surface recognition, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, vesicular trafficking, and degradation. phagosome localization of representative proteins was verified by immunofluorescence assay. this study should provide a basis for molecular identification and characterization of phagosome biogenesis. | 2005 | 15821141 |
| transcriptional profiling of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. | we have developed an entamoeba histolytica genomic dna microarray and used it to develop a transcriptional profile of 1,971 e. histolytica (hm-1:imss) genes. the arrays accurately detected message abundance and 31-47% of amebic genes were expressed under standard tissue culture conditions (levels detectable by northern blot analysis or rt-pcr respectively). genes expressed at high levels ( approximately 2% of total) included actin (8.m00351), and ribosomal genes (20.m00312). moderately expressed ... | 2005 | 15826645 |
| monoadp-ribosylation of the nad+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from entamoeba histolytica. | the human parasite entamoeba histolytica is an amitochondrial protozoan whose metabolism depends on glucose fermentation. among the metabolic enzymes absolutely required for amoeba growth is the nad+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ehadh2). the polymeric form of ehadh2 was sedimented at 160,000 g, and in this fraction we observed [32p]-labeling of a 96-kda protein under mono-adp-ribosylation conditions with [32p]nad+. the [32p]-labeled protein had the same molecular weight as the ehadh2 monomer ... | 2005 | 16086106 |
| structure prediction of a multi-domain ef-hand ca2+ binding protein by propainor. | propainor is a new algorithm developed for ab initio prediction of the 3d structures of proteins using knowledge-based nonparametric multivariate statistical methods. this algorithm is found to be most efficient in terms of computational simplicity and prediction accuracy for single-domain proteins as compared to other ab initio methods. in this paper, we have used the algorithm for the atomic structure prediction of a multi-domain (two-domain) calcium-binding protein, whose solution structure h ... | 2005 | 16094534 |
| the entamoeba histolytica genome: something old, something new, something borrowed and sex too? | the recent publication of the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica genome provides new insights into eukaryotic evolution, the role of lateral gene transfer in amebic biology and the adaptations required for eukaryotes that reside within the human intestine. | 2005 | 16098811 |
| identification of a very large rab gtpase family in the parasitic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. | rab proteins are pivotal components of the membrane trafficking machinery in all eukaryotes. distinct rab proteins locate to specific endomembrane compartments and genomic studies suggest that rab gene diversity correlates with endomembrane system complexity; for example unicellular organisms generally possess 5-20 rab family members and the size of the repertoire increases to 25-60 in multicellular systems. here we report 65 open reading frames from the unicellular protozoan trichomonas vaginal ... | 2005 | 16099517 |
| entamoeba: still more to be learned from the genome. | 2005 | 16099723 | |
| infection by human immunodeficiency virus-1 is not a risk factor for amebiasis. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether hiv-1 infected patients in our community were more susceptible to entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infection than non-hiv-infected individuals. the prevalence and frequency of invasive amebiasis was determined in 203 hiv+/aids subjects and 140 close relatives or sexual partners, all of whom were hiv-. anti-e. histolytica antibodies (igg, iga) were assessed as indicators of e. histolytica invasive infection. polymerase chain reaction (p ... | 2005 | 16103593 |
| differences in morphology of phagosomes and kinetics of acidification and degradation in phagosomes between the pathogenic entamoeba histolytica and the non-pathogenic entamoeba dispar. | phagocytosis plays an important role in the pathogenicity of the intestinal protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. we compared the morphology of phagosomes and the kinetics of phagosome maturation using conventional light and electron microscopy and live imaging with video microscopy between the virulent e. histolytica and the closely-related, but non-virulent e. dispar species. electron micrographs showed that axenically cultivated trophozoites of the two entamoeba species revealed morpholog ... | 2005 | 16106449 |
| biologic insights from the sequenced genome of entamoeba histolytica. | 2005 | 16107225 | |
| [diagnostic tests: entamoeba histolytica]. | 2005 | 16111248 | |
| structural characterization of the apo form of a calcium binding protein from entamoeba histolytica by hydrogen exchange and its folding to the holo state. | one of the calcium binding proteins from entamoeba histolytica (ehcabp) is a 134 amino acid residue long (m(r) approximately 14.9 kda) double domain ef-hand protein containing four ca(2+) binding sites. cd and nmr studies reveal that the ca(2+)-free form (apo-ehcabp) exists in a partially collapsed form compared to the ca(2+)-bound (holo) form, which has an ordered structure (pdb id ). deuterium exchange studies on the partially structured apo-ehcabp reveal that the c-terminal domain is better s ... | 2005 | 16114901 |
| a retromerlike complex is a novel rab7 effector that is involved in the transport of the virulence factor cysteine protease in the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. | vesicular trafficking plays an important role in a virulence mechanism of the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica as secreted and lysosomal cysteine protease (cp) contributes to both cytolysis of tissues and degradation of internalized host cells. despite the primary importance of intracellular sorting in pathogenesis, the molecular mechanism of cp trafficking remains largely unknown. in this report we demonstrate that transport of cp is regulated through a specific interaction of r ... | 2005 | 16120649 |
| comparative genomics of dictyostelium discoideum and entamoeba histolytica. | amoebozoa represent one of the earliest branches from the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes and contain some of the most dangerous human pathogens. two amoebozoan genomes -- from the model organism dictyostelium discoideum and the human pathogen entamoeba histolytica -- have been published this year. owing to their high a+t content, both genomes were difficult to sequence. in addition to nine amoebozoan expressed sequence tag projects, efforts are underway for comparative sequencing of four ... | 2005 | 16125444 |
| pcr differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar from patients with amoeba infection initially diagnosed by microscopy. | amoebiasis is a notifiable disease in sweden and 400-500 cases are reported annually to the swedish institute for infectious disease control (smi). the true number of patients with entamoeba histolytica infection is unknown as diagnosis mainly relies on cyst detection by microscopy. the main purpose of this study was to estimate the proportions between e. histolytica and e. dispar in patients with amoebic infection, using established pcr technologies. secondly, we aimed to evaluate the usefulnes ... | 2005 | 16126570 |
| copper(ii) complexes with substituted thiosemicarbazones of thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde: synthesis, characterization and antiamoebic activity against e. histolytica. | in an effort to develop potent antiamoebic agents, a series of thiosemicarbazone (tsc) ligands 1-5 derived from thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde and n4-substituted thiosemicarbazides has been prepared and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. treatment of the ligands with cupric chloride produced the copper(ii) complexes [cu(tsc)2cl2] 1a-5a where ligand bind through thionic sulfur and the azomethine nitrogen. the possible geometries of the complexes were assigned on the basis of magnet ... | 2005 | 16129515 |
| use of rapid dipstick and latex agglutination tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of amebic liver abscess, amebic colitis, and entamoeba histolytica cyst passage. | a homemade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a dipstick assay (dipstick) for the detection of anti-entamoeba histolytica antibodies in serum were developed and evaluated together with a commercially available latex agglutination test (lat; laboratoires fumouze) for their use in serodiagnosis of amebiasis. the sensitivity of these assays was evaluated with sera from 27 patients with radiologically proven, cellulose acetate precipitation (cap) test-positive amebic liver abscess, 7 pati ... | 2005 | 16145144 |
| coding and noncoding genomic regions of entamoeba histolytica have significantly different rates of sequence polymorphisms: implications for epidemiological studies. | to evaluate genetic variability among entamoeba histolytica strains, we sequenced 9,077 bp from each of 14 isolates. the polymorphism rates from coding and noncoding regions were significantly different (0.07% and 0.37%, respectively), indicating that these regions are subject to different selection pressures. additionally, single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) potentially associated with specific clinical outcomes were identified. | 2005 | 16145147 |
| preparation of entamoeba histolytica antigens without enzymatic inhibitors. | the goal of this work is to report a novel assay that preserves antigenicity of extracts with high protease content without using enzymatic inhibitors. a great reduction of proteolytic activity in the insoluble chloroform/methanol and heated amoebic fraction (ic:mc) was obtained by this method, even in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate and 2-mercaptoethanol. the substrates azo-casein and the hide powder azure were used to determine the reduction of proteolytic activity of ic:mc compared wi ... | 2005 | 16145939 |
| characterization of chaperonin 10 (cpn10) from the intestinal human pathogen entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebiasis, a poverty-related disease that kills an estimated 100 000 people each year. e. histolytica does not contain "standard mitochondria", but harbours mitochondrial remnant organelles called mitosomes. these organelles are characterized by the presence of mitochondrial chaperonin cpn60, but little else is known about the functions and molecular composition of mitosomes. in this study, a gene encoding molecular chaperonin cpn10--the functiona ... | 2005 | 16151221 |
| signalization and cytoskeleton activity through myosin ib during the early steps of phagocytosis in entamoeba histolytica: a proteomic approach. | phagocytosis of human cells is a crucial activity for the virulence of the human parasite entamoeba histolytica. this protozoan invades and destroys the intestine by killing and phagocytosing epithelial cells, erythrocytes and cells from the immune system. in this study, we used magnetic beads covered with proteins from human serum as a model system to study the early events involved in phagocytosis by e. histolytica. we validated the system showing that the beads uptake triggered the activation ... | 2005 | 16153248 |
| protozoan parasite-specific carbohydrate structures. | the carbohydrate moieties displayed by pathogenic protozoan parasites exhibit many unusual structural features and their expression is often developmentally regulated. these unique structures suggest a specific relationship between such carbohydrates and parasite pathogenicity. studies of infected humans indicate that immune responses to protozoan parasites are elicited by glycan determinants on cell-surface or secreted molecules. infections by protozoa are a major worldwide health problem, and ... | 2005 | 16154349 |
| the effect of electromagnetic waves on the growth of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar. | the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of electromagnetic radiation of a digital global system for mobile communication mobile telephone (900 mhz) on entamoeba histolytica (e. histolytica) and entamoeba dispar (e. dispar) (cysts or trophozoites, or both) in a 24-hour period. | 2005 | 16155653 |
| gene discovery in the acanthamoeba castellanii genome. | acanthamoeba castellanii is a free-living amoeba found in soil, freshwater, and marine environments and an important predator of bacteria. acanthamoeba castellanii is also an opportunistic pathogen of clinical interest, responsible for several distinct diseases in humans. in order to provide a genomic platform for the study of this ubiquitous and important protist, we generated a sequence survey of approximately 0.5 x coverage of the genome. the data predict that a. castellanii exhibits a greate ... | 2005 | 16171187 |
| additional antiprotozoal constituents from cuphea pinetorum, a plant used in mayan traditional medicine to treat diarrhoea. | in addition to kaempferol and quercetin already found in the roots from cuphea pinetorum, bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract of the aerial part of this species gave four flavonoid glycosides, quercetin-3-o-alpha-rhamnopyranoside, luteolin-7-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside, apigenin-7-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside and apigenin-7-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside, as well as squalen and beta-sitosterol. in vitro antiamoebic and antigiardial activities of isolated compounds indicated that kaempferol i ... | 2005 | 16177979 |
| sweet's syndrome--an extraintestinal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease. | sweet's syndrome (ss) is a severe dermatosis that may be an extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). worldwide, 35 cases of ss associated with ibd have been reported. we present the first case of severe, recurrent ss in combination with amebic infection and ulcerative colitis complicated with multiple other extraintestinal manifestations. | 2005 | 16179788 |
| a rare cause of acute appendicitis: parasitic infection. | the role of parasitic infection in the aetiology of acute appendicitis has been discussed for more than 100 years. the aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of parasitic infection in surgically removed appendices, and to identify whether this type of infection is associated with appendicitis. 104 appendices were removed from patients clinically diagnosed with acute appendicitis, and 30 were removed in the course of other surgical procedures. all the operations were perf ... | 2005 | 16191896 |
| a novel adp/atp transporter in the mitosome of the microaerophilic human parasite entamoeba histolytica. | recent data suggest that microaerophilic and parasitic protozoa, which lack oxidative phosphorylation, nevertheless contain mitochondrial homologs [1-6], organelles that share common ancestry with mitochondria. such widespread retention suggests there may be a common function for mitochondrial homologs that makes them essential for eukaryotic cells. we determined the mitochondrial carrier family (mcf) complement of the entamoeba histolytica mitochondrial homolog, also known as a crypton [5] or m ... | 2005 | 15854906 |
| [determination of entamoeba histolytica infection in patients from greater metropolitan belém, para, brazil, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antigen detection]. | the epidemiological status of amebiasis has been reevaluated since entamoeba histolytica (pathogenic) was considered a distinct species from entamoeba dispar (non-pathogenic). we investigated e. histolytica antigens in stool samples from residents of belém, para state, brazil, with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (e. histolytica test, techlab inc., blacksburg, usa). a total of 845 samples were analyzed, of which 248 were positive (29.35%). e. histolytica infection was mo ... | 2005 | 15868057 |
| entamoeba histolytica: molecular characterization of an aldose 1-epimerase (mutarotase). | in cells, the alpha-anomers of aldoses are the preferred metabolizable substrates, while beta-anomers of aldoses play their role in glycan structure. in the cytoplasm, alpha- and beta-anomers of aldoses interconvert through the enzyme termed aldose 1-epimerase or mutarotase (ec 5.1.3.3). we have identified a mutarotase gene in entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of non-bacterial dysentery in humans. cloning and characterization of this gene in two strains of the parasite (hm-1:imss and ra ... | 2005 | 15869755 |
| risk factors for infection by the entamoeba histolytica/e. dispar complex: an epidemiological study conducted in outpatient clinics in the city of manaus, amazon region, brazil. | an epidemiological study was conducted on a population attending outpatient clinics in manaus, amazon, brazil to determine the prevalences of infection by the entamoeba histolytica/e. dispar complex and by e. histolytica alone, as well as to identify the risk factors involved in transmission. the study was conducted in two phases: survey and case-control. face-to-face interviews were carried out and faecal samples collected from 1578 individuals. faeces were examined by optical microscopy and te ... | 2005 | 15869773 |
| real-time-pcr assay for diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica infection. | we developed a real-time-pcr assay utilizing a molecular-beacon probe for the detection of entamoeba histolytica and compared its sensitivity to stool antigen detection and traditional pcr. a total of 205 stool and liver abscess pus specimens from patients and controls were used for this purpose, 101 (49%) of which were positive by the techlab e. histolytica-specific antigen detection test, while the other 104 (51%) stool and liver abscess pus specimens were negative by the antigen detection tes ... | 2005 | 15872237 |
| amebic liver abscesses among neonates can mimic bacterial sepsis. | amebic liver abscesses are unusual among neonates. three (3.6%) of 83 children who presented to a university hospital with amebic liver abscesses in a 17-year period were neonates (<28 days of age). patients presented with nonspecific clinical and laboratory findings mimicking fulminant neonatal sepsis. diagnosis was delayed and was based on the presence of a hypoechoic lesion in the liver, antibodies against entamoeba histolytica and microbiologic examination of pus. in addition to parenteral m ... | 2005 | 15876952 |
| entamoeba histolytica or entamoeba dispar among children in gaza, gaza strip? | most physicians in gaza prescribe medicaments for patient's suffering from entamoeba histolytica/dispar without parasitologic diagnosis. additionally, stool analysis performed by the routine methods usually reports the species as e. histolytica without con-firmation. in this study, 92 stool specimens were collected and analyzed by wet mount, iron haematoxylin staining, antigen detection of e. histolytica and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the total number of e. histolytica identified by pcr wa ... | 2005 | 15880995 |
| entamoeba histolytica ehpgp5 transcriptional activation depends on putative emetine response elements. | the multidrug resistance ehpgp5 gene promoter is active in drug resistant clone c2 trophozoites and its activity increases when trophozoites are cultured in the presence of emetine, suggesting that the ehpgp5 gene shows an inducible drug dependent mechanism. we analyzed different promoter fragments to detect those regions that activate transcription in the presence of emetine. trophozoites were transfected with p375pgp5, p259pgp5, p187pgp5, and p76pgp5 plasmids and incubated with different emeti ... | 2005 | 15893309 |
| unexpected diversity and differential success of dna transposons in four species of entamoeba protozoans. | we report the first comprehensive analysis of transposable element content in the compact genomes (approximately 20 mb) of four species of entamoeba unicellular protozoans for which draft sequences are now available. entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar, two human parasites, have many retrotransposons, but few dna transposons. in contrast, the reptile parasite entamoeba invadens and the free-living entamoeba moshkovskii contain few long interspersed elements but harbor diverse and recently ... | 2005 | 15901838 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasites among members of the public in kuala lumpur, malaysia. | a total of 246 stool samples were collected from the public who participated in a medical fair held at the university malaya medical center. the stools were examined for intestinal parasites using the formalin-ether concentration technique. the overall infection rate was 6.9% (17 out of 246), with trichuris trichiura being the most common parasite (4.5%), followed by ascaris lumbricoides (0.8%), clonorchis sinensis (0.8%), hookworm (0.4%), and entamoeba histolytica (0.4%). none of these particip ... | 2005 | 15906644 |
| entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar utilize externalized phosphatidylserine for recognition and phagocytosis of erythrocytes. | amebic erythrophagocytosis is characteristic of invasive amebiasis, and mutants deficient in erythrocyte ingestion are avirulent. we sought to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying erythrocyte phagocytosis by entamoeba histolytica. following adherence to amebae, erythrocytes became round and crenulated, and phosphatidylserine (ps) was exposed on their outer membrane leaflets. these changes were similar to the effects of calcium treatment on erythrocytes, which we utilized to separate am ... | 2005 | 15908370 |
| entamoeba histolytica-secreted products degrade colonic mucin oligosaccharides. | degradation of the mucus layer by entamoeba histolytica is a prerequisite for invasion of the colonic mucosa. in this study, we demonstrate that amoeba-secreted products degrade (3)h-labeled and native colonic mucin oligosaccharides independently of proteolytic activity. we conclude that e. histolytica degrades mucin oligosaccharides, which may facilitate parasite invasion of the colon. | 2005 | 15908414 |
| the innate immune response to entamoeba histolytica lipopeptidophosphoglycan is mediated by toll-like receptors 2 and 4. | entamoeba histolytica is a human pathogen that may invade the intestinal mucosa, causing amoebic colitis or hepatic abscesses when the trophozoites travel through the portal circulation to the liver. lipopeptidophosphoglycan (lppg) is a molecular pattern of e. histolytica recognized by the human immune system. here we report that lppg is exposed on the cell surface of e. histolytica trophozoites, and is recognized by the host through toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 and tlr4. correspondingly, human em ... | 2005 | 15910421 |
| synthesis and antiamoebic activity of 3,7-dimethyl-pyrazolo[3,4-e][1,2,4] triazin-4-yl thiosemicarbazide derivatives. | a series of 3,7-dimethyl-pyrazolo[3,4-e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl thiosemicarbazide derivatives 3-22 were prepared and evaluated in vitro against hm1:1mss strain of entamoeba histolytica, to identify the compounds for antiamoebic activity. they exhibited antiamoebic activity in the range (ic50=0.81-7.31microm). the results were compared to the activity of known drug metronidazole. it is inferred from the in vitro studies that the compounds 10, 11, 17 and 18 were found to be significantly better inhibi ... | 2005 | 15911221 |
| entamoeba histolytica: biochemical and molecular insights into the activities within microsomal fractions. | one of the most fascinating aspects of the entamoeba histolytica trophozoite ultrastructure is the lack of a typical secretory pathway, particularly of rough endoplasmic reticulum and golgi system, in a cell with such a high secretory activity. here, we describe the isolation of amoeba cell structures containing er-typical activities. following isopycnic centrifugation of plasma membrane-free extracts, microsomes enriched in enzymatic activities such as dolichol-p-mannose synthase (dpms; ec 2.4. ... | 2005 | 15913610 |
| prevalence and risk factors for protozoan and nematode infections among children in an ecuadorian highland community. | in order to create a parasite prevention program for santa ana, ecuador, we worked with local physicians to identify the prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasitic infection among children. two hundred households were randomly selected and asked to submit three stool samples from a selected child. information from direct observation and questionnaires was used to determine environmental and behavioral risk factors for parasitic infection. prevalence of any parasitic infection was 65.6% ... | 2005 | 15916785 |
| 1-n-substituted thiocarbamoyl-3-phenyl-2-pyrazolines: synthesis and in vitro antiamoebic activities. | the title compounds were prepared by reaction of mannich bases with various n-4 substituted thiosemicarbazides. the chemical structures of the compounds were proved by means of their uv, ir, 1h nmr, 13c nmr spectroscopic data and elemental analyses. the in vitro antiamoebic activities of these compounds were evaluated by microdilution method against hm1:imss strain of entamoeba histolytica and compared with the standard drug, metronidazole. it was concluded that 3-chloro and 3-bromo substituents ... | 2005 | 15922492 |
| novel bidentate complexes of cu(ii) derived from 5-nitrofuran-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones with antiamoebic activity against e. histolytica. | the novel analogues of 5-nitrofuran-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones 1-10 were synthesized and their copper(ii) complexes 1a-10a were obtained by means of coordination with cupric chloride. all these compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, ir, electronic spectra and thermogravimetric patterns while ligands have also been characterized by 1h nmr spectral studies. these copper complexes are bidentate and possess octahedral geometry around cu(ii) ion. their antiamoebic activitie ... | 2005 | 15922839 |
| experience with aspiration in cases of amebic liver abscess in an endemic area. | the study presented here was performed to evaluate the need for aspiration in patients with amebic liver abscess (ala). patients older than 12 years with a diagnosis of ala based on clinical features, ultrasound results, and positive amebic serology were included in the study (n=144). serological testing was performed to detect the presence of immunoglobin g antibody against entamoeba histolytica, and a value of more than 0.4 optical density units was considered positive. all patients were given ... | 2005 | 15928909 |
| sequence specific 1hn, 13c and 15n resonance assignments of a novel calcium-binding protein from entamoeba histolytica. | 2005 | 15929013 | |
| reduction of cell surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol conjugates in entamoeba histolytica by antisense blocking of e. histolytica glcnac-phosphatidylinositol deacetylase expression: effect on cell proliferation, endocytosis, and adhesion to target cells. | glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored molecules such as cell surface gal/galnac lectin and proteophosphoglycans of the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica are thought to be involved in pathogenesis. here, we report the identification of genes that may be involved in the gpi biosynthetic pathway of e. histolytica by use of bioinformatic tools applied to the recently published genome sequence. of the genes identified, one of the early genes, glcnac-phosphatidylinositol deacetylase (pig- ... | 2005 | 16299336 |
| etiology of childhood diarrhea in zliten, libya. | to determine the etiological agents of diarrhea in children from a small semi-urban city in libya and the association of age, gender, seasonal variation, breast-feeding, source of water for drinking, or antibiotic use with the isolation of enteropathogens and whether such agents are community or hospital acquired. | 2005 | 16311662 |
| use of pcr amplification of trna gene-linked short tandem repeats for genotyping entamoeba histolytica. | we have developed a reliable method for pcr-based genotyping of entamoeba histolytica based on variation in the numbers of short tandem repeats that are linked to trna genes in this species. species-specific primer pairs were designed that differentiate e. histolytica from e. dispar as well as that reveal intraspecies pcr product length polymorphisms. the primers were tested with samples from different parts of the world, and dna was extracted from cultured cells as well as liver abscess pus and ... | 2005 | 16333065 |
| microscopic overdiagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis. | to determine the misdiagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis associated to microscopic examination of faeces, 50 stool samples of patients infected with entamoeba histolytica were collected from different primary health care centers, hospitals and private laboratories in ismailia g. the samples were examined using wheatley's trichrome staining technique to differrentiate e. histolytica e. dispar complex from other non-pathogenic intestinal amoebae and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr). pcr dif ... | 2005 | 16333901 |
| geoparasites in rural dakahlia governorate, a preliminary based study for development of the community-based intervention programs. | a prospective study was carried out to detect the rural prevalence and intensity of geoparasites in dakahlia governorate, egypt. a total of 1070 soil samples were collected; 571 (53.4%) were infected with one or more parasites. only 24% of samples were infected with one parasite, 16.4% and 13% with two, and more than two parasites respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. the geoparasites in a descending order of their prevalence were: e. histolytica cysts (9.2%), toxocara ... | 2005 | 16333910 |
| enhanced pro-inflammatory chemokine/cytokine response triggered by pathogenic entamoeba histolytica : basis of invasive disease. | the virulence of entamoeba histolytica is governed by adhesion/colonization in the gut which is mediated by a galactose specific lectin. two morphologically identical but distinct species i.e. pathogenic e. histolytica and non-pathogenic e. dispar, can be differentiated by distinct epitopes in the lectin. both species bind to colonic epithelial cells, but only e. histolytica infection induces an inflammatory response and subsequent pathogenesis. thus, comparing the responses of the intestinal ce ... | 2005 | 16336732 |
| human hololactoferrin: endocytosis and use as an iron source by the parasite entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica is an enteric protozoan that exclusively infects human beings. this parasite requires iron for its metabolic functions. lactoferrin is a mammalian glycoprotein that chelates extracellular iron on mucosal surfaces, including the surface of the large intestine, where e. histolytica initiates infection. this work examined the interaction in vitro of e. histolytica trophozoites with human hololactoferrin (iron-saturated lactoferrin). a minimum concentration of 50 microm fe from ... | 2005 | 16339932 |
| prevalence of blastocystis hominis infection in asymptomatic individuals from bangkok, thailand. | fresh stool examination was performed from 2,230 participants who enrolled in annual check-up programs of the faculty of medical technology, mahidol university in 1999-2000 and 2004. in this study, blastocystis hominis infection was diagnosed by culturing in jones' media. a total of 21% of fecal specimens (in 1999-2000) and 13.7% (in 2004) were positive for b. hominis. the vacuolated form was the predominant form found in culture solution after 48 hours of incubation. the distribution of infecti ... | 2005 | 16438173 |
| current infection rate of giardia lamblia in two provinces of thailand. | the aim of this study was to survey for the current rate of giardia lamblia infection in three different districts in two provinces of thailand, surin and samut sakhon, in march 2002, october 2003, and march 2004. two districts are rural areas and another is sub-urban. volunteers of any age from surin province and children aged between 5 to 7 years old from three secondary schools in samut sakhon were enrolled for the stool examination. the method used was stool examination by both simple smear ... | 2005 | 16438174 |
| comparing the dictyostelium and entamoeba genomes reveals an ancient split in the conosa lineage. | the amoebozoa are a sister clade to the fungi and the animals, but are poorly sampled for completely sequenced genomes. the social amoeba dictyostelium discoideum and amitochondriate pathogen entamoeba histolytica are the first amoebozoa with genomes completely sequenced. both organisms are classified under the conosa subphylum. to identify amoebozoa-specific genomic elements, we compared these two genomes to each other and to other eukaryotic genomes. an expanded phylogenetic tree built from th ... | 2005 | 16362072 |
| the utility of lactoferrin in differentiating parasitic from bacterial infections. | lactoferrin is an iron binding glycoprotein found in the 2ry granules of pmn. in order to determine the usefulness of such marker for neutrophilic activity in differentiating cases suffering from amoebic and bacillary dysentery, schistosoma and bacterial uti infections, we examined stool and urine specimens using anti-lactoferrin antibodies (lactoferrin latex agglutination test: lfla), compared with different standard gold techniques. our results demonstrated that cases with either shigllosis or ... | 2005 | 16363291 |
| human fascioliasis among immigrant workers in saudi arabia. | animal fascioliasis has been reported in saudi arabia among imported and local sheep. the paper demonstrated the parasitological and clinical features of human fascioliasis in nine out of ten male immigrant manual workers with manifestations suggesting fascioliasis. the sedimentation and kato-katz techniques proved effect in diagnosing fasciola species eggs in human stool. the common clinical features were abdominal distension, flatulence, tender right-upper quadrant and easy fatigability and th ... | 2005 | 16363294 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of calcium-binding protein-2 from entamoeba histolytica and its complexes with strontium and the iq1 motif of myosin v. | calcium plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of amoebiasis, a major disease caused by entamoeba histolytica. two domains with four canonical ef-hand-containing calcium-binding proteins (cabps) have been identified from e. histolytica. even though they have very high sequence similarity, these bind to different target proteins in a ca2+-dependent manner, leading to different functional pathways. calcium-binding protein-2 (ehcabp2) crystals were grown using mpd as a precipitant. the crystals b ... | 2005 | 16511057 |
| a rare cause of colonic stricture: amebiasis. | a 41-year-old man presenting with lower abdominal pain, constipation, abdominal distention, fever (37.5 degrees c) and fatigue was evaluated, and a mass localized to the left lower abdomen was identified. radiographic and colonoscopic examination revealed a stricture 10 cm in length localized to the sigmoid-descending colon junction. the diagnosis of amebiasis was confirmed by histological examination of a biopsy specimen taken from the stricture and stool examination. one month after the initia ... | 2005 | 16547856 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in the islamic republic of iran. | a national survey of the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in the islamic republic of iran was made on a random sample of families covered by local health centres affiliated to the medical universities. out of 53,995 people aged 2+ years, from 12,495 families (0.1% of all families in 1999), 45,128 stool samples were analysed by formalin-ether precipitation. intestinal parasitic infections were found in 19.3% of the study population (19.7% male, 19.1% female). giardia lamblia (10.9%), ... | 2005 | 16602457 |
| blackhead disease (histomoniasis) in poultry: a critical review. | after its discovery in 1893 in rhode island, blackhead disease was reported across the continent and soon in many other countries. it decimated the turkey industry in new england and followed production like a faithful shadow. blackhead disease causes high mortality in turkeys, sometimes approaching 100% of a flock. in chickens, the mortality may be 10%-20% with high morbidity, although many outbreaks pass unnoticed. early workers identified histomonas meleagridis, a protozoan related to entamoe ... | 2005 | 16404985 |
| phylogenetic positions of several amitochondriate protozoa--evidence from phylogenetic analysis of dna topoisomerase ii. | several groups of parasitic protozoa, as represented by giardia, trichomonas, entamoeba and microsporida, were once widely considered to be the most primitive extant eukaryotic group--archezoa. the main evidence for this is their 'lacking mitochondria' and possessing some other primitive features between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and being basal to all eukaryotes with mitochondria in phylogenies inferred from many molecules. some authors even proposed that these organisms diverged before the e ... | 2005 | 16483135 |