Publications

chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory infections among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.	thirteen cases of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are described. the occurrence, the clinical spectrum, and the significance of the infection during hiv disease are compared with data reported in the literature. chlamydia pneumoniae infection was established by a serologic micro-immunofluorescence test using standard diagnostic criteria. in four cases the results of serological tests were confirmed by direct immunofluorescence on ...	1997	9405940
pulmonary coinfection by salmonella enteritidis and pneumocystis carinii in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1997	9405954
pulmonary diseases in children with severe combined immune deficiency and digeorge syndrome.	pulmonary disease is a common presenting feature and complication of t-cell immunodeficiency. we retrospectively reviewed 15 children with severe combined immune deficiency (scid) and 19 children with digeorge syndrome at the time of their first presentation to the royal children's hospital in the 15-year period from 1981 to 1995. in children with scid, pulmonary disease was a common (67%) presenting feature and the organisms identified were pneumocystis carinii (pcp) (n = 7), bacteria (n = 4), ...	1997	9407565
surfactant therapy improves pulmonary function in infants with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is an important cause of acute respiratory failure in hiv-infected children. pcp may initiate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) by adversely affecting surfactant physiology. we report improved pulmonary function following administration of bovine lipid extract surfactant to two infants with aids-related pcp/ards.	1997	9407571
[intensive care for patients with the human immunodeficiency virus].	hiv infection is of special importance in spain, occasionally requiring the use of intensive care units (icu) in the management of these cases.	1997	9410051
epstein-barr virus-related hodgkin's disease showing b cell lineage in an immunosuppressive patient seropositive for htlv-i.	a case of hodgkin's disease (hd), lymphocyte depression (ld) type in an immunosuppressive patient is described. the patient was a 48-year-old male and his parents were born in the kyushu area, which is an endemic area for adult t cell lymphoma/leukemia (atl). he was seropositive for atl virus (atlv, also referred to as htlv-i) and showed a marked immunosuppressive condition. he developed ld-hd and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and died due to respiratory failure. the immunohistochemical and in ...	1997	9413042
pneumocystis carinii infection in heart transplant recipients. efficacy of a weekend prophylaxis schedule.	most series of heart transplant patients report incidences of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) below 5% but do not individually describe the cases. from august 1988 to march 1994, 138 patients received 1 or more heart transplants at our institution. no anti-pcp chemoprophylaxis was provided, and 5 (3.6%) patients developed pcp. incidence for listeriosis was 0.7% and for nocardiosis, 3.6%. we found descriptions of 14 more heart transplant patients with pcp in the medical literature. data from ...	1997	9413427
natural history and spectrum of disease in adults with hiv/aids in africa.	progression from seroconversion to the development of aids in africa may be shorter than in industrialized countries, but there are insufficient data to be certain. although the data are not always directly comparable, survival after an aids diagnosis appears to be substantially shorter in african countries and this may be partly because of later diagnosis of aids in africa, but may also be because of environmental factors such as increased exposure to pathogens of high virulence and lack of acc ...	1997	9416366
a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial comparing steroids and pulse cyclophosphamide versus steroids and oral cyclophosphamide in the treatment of generalized wegener's granulomatosis.	to investigate the effectiveness and side effects of oral versus pulse cyclophosphamide (cyc) in combination with corticosteroids (cs) in the treatment of systemic wegener's granulomatosis (wg).	1997	9416856
torsades de pointes complicating pentamidine therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acute myelogenous leukemia.	pentamidine isethionate induced torsades de pointes in a 33-year-old woman with acute myelogenous leukemia. this is the first report of pentamidine-induced torsades de pointes in japan for over ten years. on the 4th day of intravenous pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, asymptomatic sinus bradycardia was noted with qt interval prolongation, and torsades de pointes were revealed on the 8th day. although torsades de pointes was dissolved with discontinuation of the intravenous pentamid ...	1997	9372331
in-vitro activity of topoisomerase inhibitors against pneumocystis carinii.	the activity of eight topoisomerase inhibitors was investigated against five clinical isolates of pneumocystis carinii. susceptibility tests were performed by inoculation of the organisms on to a cell monolayer and parasites were counted after 72 h incubation at 37 degrees c. culture plates were added with dulbecco's modified eagle's medium containing serial dilutions of lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, rufloxacin, camptothecin, amsacrine and etoposide. atovaquone, pentamide ise ...	1997	9372430
pneumocystis carinii infection of the conjunctiva in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	ocular disease, especially the development of choroidal lesions, is a known extrapulmonary manifestation of pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). to our knowledge, conjunctival involvement due to p. carinii has not been described previously.	1997	9373116
analysis of cytokine mrna profiles in the lungs of pneumocystis carinii-infected mice.	severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice lack functional cd4+ lymphocytes, and therefore develop life-threatening pneumocystis carinii infection. however, when scid mice are immunologically reconstituted with spleen cells, including cd4+ cells, a protective inflammatory response is mounted against the organism. to determine whether these lymphocytes induce elevated cytokine mrna levels in response to p. carinii infection, steady-state levels of cytokine mrnas were measured in the lungs of bot ...	1997	9376124
[value of high-resolution ct of the lungs in acute pulmonary symptoms of patients with hiv infections].	purpose: the purpose of this study was to assess the clinical value of hrct of the lung in patients with known hiv-infection and acute lung disease. in a prospective study a hrct was performed in 31 patients infected with the hiv-1 virus, mainly stage c (cdc), who had acute pulmonary symptoms. precondition for the hrct examination was a normal or non-specific chest radiograph. a provoked sputum as well as bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and/or transbronchial biopsy were performed concur ...	1997	9376549
trends in incidence of aids illnesses in australia from 1983 to 1994: the australian aids cohort.	to assess time trends in incidence of aids illnesses in australia, a retrospective cohort of people diagnosed with aids from january 1, 1983 to december 31, 1994 in three hiv medicine units in sydney, melbourne, and perth was established. data on initial and subsequent aids illnesses were available for 2580 aids cases, or 45% of australian aids notifications over the study period. males represented 97.2% of the cohort, and hiv exposure category was homosexual contact for 89.9%. subcohorts were f ...	1997	9377123
causes of death of hiv-infected persons in ottawa, ontario, 1984-1995.	acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has become a leading cause of death of young men in the united states. with the introduction of prophylaxes and antiretrovirals for opportunistic infection, there have been significant changes in the clinical history of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.	1997	9382662
pulmonary aspergillosis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: autopsy study of an emerging pulmonary complication of human immunodeficiency virus infection.	pulmonary aspergillosis has recently been described as an emerging infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), but the pathological changes have not been well documented. in this autopsy study, 17 cases of aids-related pulmonary aspergillosis were identified from the files of two institutions. with the exception of hypersensitivity reactions, the entire spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis was represented. thirteen patients exhibited acute invasive aspergillosis, and se ...	1997	9385932
lung and chest wall mechanics in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	the aim of this study was to assess the mechanical characteristics of the respiratory system in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) caused by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). in 12 mechanically ventilated patients, total respiratory system mechanics was assessed using the technique of rapid airway occlusion during constant flow inflation, and was partitioned into lung and chest wall components using the oesophageal balloon ...	1997	9387963
regional differences in use of antiretroviral agents and primary prophylaxis in 3122 european hiv-infected patients. eurosida study group.	little is known about how widely hiv-related drugs are used outside controlled clinical trials. we therefore assessed factors associated with use of antiretroviral (arv) therapy and primary prophylactic regimens to prevent hiv-associated opportunistic infections. baseline data from a prospective study from may to august 1994, on 3122 consecutive hiv infected patients with a cd4 count <500 cells/microl, followed in 37 centers from 16 european countries, were analyzed. two thousand and twenty pati ...	1997	9390566
genetic and antigenic variation in pneumocystis carinii organisms: tools for examining the epidemiology and pathogenesis of infection.		1997	9390633
protection against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by antibodies generated from either t helper 1 or t helper 2 responses.	to determine whether different antibody isotypes associated with t helper 1 (th1) or th2 responses are protective against pneumocystis carinii, mice with disrupted interleukin 4 genes (il-4(-/-) mice) or gamma interferon genes (ifn-gamma(-/-) mice) along with wild-type c57bl/6 mice were immunized intratracheally against p. carinii, depleted of t cells in vivo by use of monoclonal antibodies, and rechallenged intratracheally with 10(7) viable p. carinii organisms. nearly all immunized mice resolv ...	1997	9393795
prohibitin, a putative negative control element present in pneumocystis carinii.	little is known about the molecules involved in the regulation of pneumocystis carinii replication and development in vitro and in vivo. we describe in this report the identification of a p. carinii gene encoding the p. carinii prohibitin protein. in mammals, the prohibitin gene product has been shown to negatively regulate cell proliferation. a cdna clone encoding the p. carinii prohibitin gene was isolated from a p. carinii cdna library and identified on the basis of amino acid sequence homolo ...	1997	9393805
short- and long-term efficacy of cyclosporin administration in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis. belgian ibd group.	cyclosporin (csa) has been proposed in the management of patients with acute ulcerative colitis (uc) in whom standard therapy failed and who were candidates for colectomy. seven academic hospitals contributed to this retrospective study that included 29 patients (median age: 33 y. (15-74 y.); 12 females and 17 males). the median duration of the disease was 4 y. (0.3 to 33 y.). before initiating csa, patients were unresponsive to treatment including i.v. corticosteroids (n = 29), 5-asa or salazop ...	1997	9396174
pulmonary complications after bone marrow transplantation: high-resolution ct and pathologic findings.	a wide variety of pulmonary complications occur in bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients and are a major cause of morbidity and death. high-resolution computed tomography (ct) is excellent in the detection of pulmonary abnormalities, but these findings are generally nonspecific. however, the different complications, which reflect the immunologic status of the patients, occur in three phases. this pattern can be used to interpret ct scans. the neutropenic phase (up to 3 weeks after bmt) is char ...	1997	9397451
a pneumocystis carinii group i intron ribozyme that does not require 2' oh groups on its 5' exon mimic for binding to the catalytic core.	the recent increase in the population of immunocompromised patients has led to an insurgence of opportunistic human fungal infections. the lack of effective treatments against some of these pathogens makes it important to develop new therapeutic strategies. one such strategy is to target key rnas with antisense compounds. we report the development of a model system for studying the potential for antisense targeting of group i self-splicing introns in fungal pathogens. the group i intron from the ...	1997	9398259
typing of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis by single-strand conformation polymorphism of four genomic regions.	to better investigate pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis epidemiology, we have developed a molecular typing method. because of the limited genetic variability of the p. carinii hominis genome, a multitarget approach was used. four variable regions of the genome were amplified by pcr, polymorphism in each region was assessed by the single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) technique, and the results for the four regions of each patient were combined. bronchoalveolar lavage specimens collect ...	1997	9399499
paediatric hiv update.	less than half of the paediatric hiv infections recorded in australia have resulted from perinatal transmission, but in recent years this has been the predominant mode of infection. there are 136 infants who are known to have been exposed perinatally to hiv in australia: 49 of these are infected. caesarean section is thought now not to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission (pnt); rather, the risk increases with duration of membrane rupture and rises rapidly after 4 h of membrane rupture. how ...	1997	9401877
intensified therapy for infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the dana-farber cancer institute consortium.	infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) have a very poor prognosis. since 1985, we have intensified therapy for infants with all by including a month of high dose multiagent chemotherapy after remission induction.	1997	9404706
dapsone for pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation.	children who undergo bone marrow transplantation (bmt) are at risk for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). prophylaxis using trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) is highly effective but the incidence of adverse drug reactions is significant. we retrospectively reviewed 33 pediatric bmt (25 allogeneic and eight autologous) in whom dapsone was used for pcp prophylaxis because patients were unable to receive tmp/smx. dapsone was administered at 50 mg/m2 p.o. once a week from engraftment to 180 ...	1997	9404930
risk factors and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with sporadic multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in new york city.	an 880 bed university teaching hospital in new york city.	1997	9432387
spontaneous pneumothorax in infants: a 10-year review.	to document the number of infants with spontaneous pneumothorax (sp) and determine the association of any underlying pathologic processes in the lung with sp.	1997	9435001
disseminated infection with bacillus calmette-guerin in a child with advanced hiv disease.	an 8-month-old boy with vertically acquired hiv-infection who developed a disseminated bcg infection is described. the patient had been immunized at birth with bcg. in spite of a normal cd-4 lymphocyte count, he suffered from fever, anaemia and failure to thrive. bcg was isolated by culture from csf, bone marrow and peripheral blood. anti-tuberculous treatment initially seemed successful, but shortly after, the patient died from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in symptomatic hiv-infected childre ...	1997	9435049
pneumocystis carinii induces icam-1 expression in lung epithelial cells through a tnf-alpha-mediated mechanism.	inflammatory cell recruitment contributes to respiratory impairment during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. we evaluated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1), a key participant in leukocyte accumulation, in rats with p. carinii pneumonia. immunostaining for icam-1 was most marked on bronchiolar epithelium but was also evident on type ii pneumocytes, endothelium, and macrophages. lung from normal and dexamethasone-treated uninfected animals exhibited markedly less icam-1. we hy ...	1997	9435563
intravenous pentamidine as an alternate for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in children with hiv infection.		1997	9443273
[hiv-associated lung diseases].	over two-thirds of all hiv-infected individuals have an associated pulmonary disease. the following causes are frequently observed: bacterial infection (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and mycobacteria), protozoal infection (pneumocystis carinii), fungal infection (cryptococcus neoformans and histoplasma capsulatum), viral infection (cytomegalovirus), tumors (kaposi's sarcoma) and pneumonitis. for diagnosis and patients' immune status, imaging techniques, and microbiological, cy ...	1997	9446191
gender-related differences in the spectrum of hiv disease in the bayamón area, puerto rico.	we compare prevalence (by actual presence or history of condition) rates of selected aids-defining conditions across genders in a sample of 1,498 hiv-infected participants who visited our health service facilities between mid 1992 and early 1996. the comparisons were performed globally (considering all subjects) and on a subsample of participants whose most probable mode of infection with hiv was through (self-reported) use of injecting drugs. global analysis revealed no significant differences ...	1997	9449548
psycho social and clinical spectrum of hiv/aids injecting drug users in bayamón, puerto rico.	to describe the demographic characteristics, the risk related practices, and the clinical and immunological features of puerto rican hiv injecting drug users (idu's).	1997	9449549
serological studies on porcine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: kinetics of the antibody titers in swine herds and the association of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection.	serological titers to pneumocystis carinii (pc) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) were measured on a herd with epidemic pc pneumonia (case herd) and two comparison herds, by an indirect fluorescent-antibody technique. in the case herd, the geometric mean titer (gmt) for pc were 1:80 in pigs 1 week old, 1:10 in pigs 5 weeks old, and 1:80 to 1:190 in pigs over 6 weeks old. gmts for prrsv were > 1:145 in most of age groups over 7 weeks old. in comparison herds, pc and ...	1997	9450249
the needs of asians and pacific islanders living with hiv in new york city.	this article familiarizes the reader with aids among asians and pacific islanders (a&pis) in new york city. the first section describes the epidemiology of aids among a&pis in the united states and in new york city. in the united states 4,131 a&pis have been diagnosed with aids. the age at diagnosis in the united states has been relatively stable over the past decade, although the proportion of diagnoses represented by older a&pis (aged 40 to 49) has been increasing in new york city. the proport ...	1997	9451477
a comparison of modified cytological and histological staining methods for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	the object of this study was to find a suitable staining method for p. carinii. this parasite is not easily stained and clinical signs are not specific for the diagnosis af p. carinii pneumonia and therefore optimal laboratory methods for observing the organism are extremely valuable. in all, 17 new, conventional and modified staining techniques were used on lung impression smears and tissue sections of sprague-dawley rats treated with cortisone (25% cortisone acetate, 1 ml injected twice weekly ...	1997	9463508
improved rabbit model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: induced infections in pneumocystis-free animals. preliminary results.		1997	9465877
development of a molecular typing method for pneumocystis carinii sp.f. hominis.	we are developing a typing method for pneumocystis carinii sp.f. hominis consisting in the pcr amplification of four variable regions of the genome from bronchoalveolar lavages, followed by the detection of their variation by the single-strand conformation polymorphism technique (sscp). most samples of each region from eleven unrelated patients showed two sscp bands. six patients were probably infected by a single strain since they showed a single sequence morph of each region. the combinations ...	1997	9465878
pneumocystis carinii hominis sequencing for reactivation or de novo contamination and for hypothetic transmission from person to person.		1997	9465879
activation of natural immune functions by pneumocystis carinii.		1997	9465880
outline of the human retrovirus registry: profile of a puerto rican hiv infected population.	to present the general socio-demographic profile, some risk related parameters and elements of the clinical spectrum of disease at presentation, of those hiv/aids patients enrolled in the human retrovirus registry.	1997	9419928
[pulmonary cryptococcosis during hiv infection. 15 cases].	we reviewed the records of 15 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis (pc). pc was the first aids-defining manifestation in nine patients. hiv infection was identified simultaneously with the onset of pc in 4 patients. the cd4+ lymphocyte count was low in all cases (median, 24/m3). chest radiography showed interstitial infiltrates in 13 instances, associated with pleural effusion in 5 cases and hilar adenopathy in 2 cases. in one case, chest-x-ray showe ...	1997	9480480
[pneumocystis carinii otitis].	background: pneumocystis carinii (pc) otitis is a rare opportunistic infection of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). initially hearing loss and otalgia occur with thickening of the tympanic membrane and the bordering skin of the ear canal. otorrhea, ear polyps, perforation of tympanic membrane, destruction of mastoidal bone, and participation of cranial nerves are observed. diagnosis is established histologically. the treatment of the parasite is by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole comb ...	1997	9487488
[myasthenia gravis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1997	9528078
cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with aids in europe. aids in europe study group.	the incidence of cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis and risk factors associated with the condition were studied in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in a multicenter retrospective cohort study of 6458 patients from 52 centers in 17 countries in europe. cytomegalovirus retinitis was diagnosed in 154 patients (2.4%) at the time of aids diagnosis, the probability of this diagnosis being significantly higher for those with cd4+ cell counts of < 100/mm3 (3.4%) than with counts ...	1997	9495667
pneumocystis carinii meningoradiculitis in a patient with aids.	pneumocystis carinii is a common opportunistic pathogen in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is common, while extrapulmonary infections with pneumocystis carinii have been reported sparingly. the clinical features are frequently nonspecific. the detection of pneumocystis carinii in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) has not been reported thus far. in this report, an unusual case of pneumocystis carinii meningoradiculitis in an hiv-infected patie ...	1997	9495679
[pneumocystosis of splenic localization in the course of hiv infection: a new indication for splenectomy. description of a case].	pneumocystis carinii is a common cause of interstitial pneumonitis in aids patients: it affects 85% of patients with cell-mediated immunodeficiencies. extrapulmonary infection is much more infrequent and it is observed only in these patients who receive aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis because of minimal systemic distribution of the drug. no case of extrapulmonary disease was observed in patients receiving systemic prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii with cotrimoxazole. the pathogenesis of e ...	1997	9494189
clinical characteristics and natural history of human immunodeficiency virus infected patients seen at a general hospital in singapore.	the number of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in singapore has risen over the years. a considerable proportion of them present with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). in this study, we document the clinical characteristics and natural history of a consecutive series of 50 patients who were found to have hiv infection when they were seen at a tertiary care hospital. the majority were in the 30 to 49 age group and the most common mode of acquisition was heterosex ...	1997	9494659
emerging pathogens for pneumonia in singapore.	the death rate from pneumonia in singapore has increased steadily over the past decade. the emerging respiratory pathogens may have contributed to this increased mortality. new challenges have arisen from changes in the characteristics of the host and the susceptibilities of the various pathogens to antibiotics. there has been a 60-fold increase in the incidence of penicillin resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae, the major pathogen for community-acquired pneumonia (cap). gram-negative bacilli ...	1997	9494674
infections in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.	infection is a frequent problem in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), especially in those hospitalised with complications of disease. infections contribute greatly to the morbidity of patients and are one of the commonest causes of death. the high frequency and unusual spectrum of infections can be attributed to the multiple disturbances of immune function in sle in combination with the effects of immunosuppressive therapy. high doses of corticosteroids are particularly implicated ...	1997	9494681
trends in survival of hiv infected patients attending the department of genito-urinary medicine, royal infirmary of edinburgh.	in the early 1980s, median survival for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) was only 11 months. survival improved in the mid-1980s, reaching a median of 20 months. we have looked at the trends in survival of patients attending the genito-urinary medicine department of edinburgh royal infirmary between 1984 and 1996. patients with an aids diagnosis between 1988 and 1991 had a median survival of 28 months, whereas patients given an aids diagnosis between 1992 and 1996 had a ...	1997	9507588
pneumocystis carinii promoter analysis in a heterologous saccharomyces cerevisiae assay system.		1997	9508404
identification of potential pneumocystis carinii autonomous replication sequences for use in the development of a transformation system.		1997	9508405
lactic acid levels in human pneumocystis carinii cultures can be one cause of inhibition of parasite growth.		1997	9508406
carriage of pneumocystis carinii in children with chronic lung diseases.		1997	9508407
typing of pneumocystis carinii sp.f. hominis by pcr-sscp of four genomic regions.		1997	9508408
activation of pulmonary macrophages is not sufficient for in vivo containment of pneumocystis carinii.		1997	9508409
genetic diversity among pneumocystis carinii hominis isolates from hiv-infected patients and other immunosuppressed patients in france.		1997	9508410
rabbit model of induced pneumocystis carinii development followed by reinfection.		1997	9508412
cultivation of rabbit pneumocystis carinii on cells derived from rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus).	cultivation of pneumocystis carinii from rabbit onto cell monolayers was intended. three cell types were used: rat lung derived cell line l2 and canine kidney derived cell line mdck, and primary epithelial rabbit lung cells derived from 20 days old foetuses. these primary cells were also immortalized by transfection of the coding sequences for the large and small t antigens of the sv40 virus. p. carinii were extracted from lungs of corticoid treated young rabbits and were purified on ficoll. in ...	1997	9508413
adoptive transfer of specific lymphocyte populations sensitized to the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii decreases organism burden while increasing survival rate in the rat.		1997	9508414
in vitro cytolytic activity of lymphocytes against pneumocystis carinii.		1997	9508415
presence of pneumocystis carinii dna in pond water.		1997	9508416
algorithmic analysis of in vitro chemotherapy against pneumocystis carinii.	the development of in vitro experimental chemotherapy against p.carinii has been hindered by the lack of efficient methods for continuous cultivation of the microorganism. various short-term systems, allowing the production of infectious forms of pneumocystis, can be employed for in vitro experimental chemotherapy. the purpose of the present study is to describe a statistically relevant algorithmic model for the evaluation of p.carinii in short-term in vitro culture and drug screening.	1997	9508418
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--pig provocation model.		1997	9508419
characterization of the pneumocystis carinii cyclin-dependent kinase life cycle regulatory system.		1997	9508420
host response to inflammation elicited during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1997	9508421
activation of natural immune functions by pneumocystis carinii.		1997	9508422
detection of pneumocystis carinii with dna-binding bisbenzimide 33258 hoechst.		1997	9508423
high frequency of pneumocystis carinii sp.f. hominis colonization in hiv-negative patients.		1997	9508424
modified 8-aminoquinolines cure mouse pneumocystis carinii infection.		1997	9508428
detection of cytokine mrna in the lung during the spontaneous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia of the young rabbit.		1997	9508431
detection of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. in air samples collected in animal rooms.		1997	9508432
detection of pneumocystis carinii in oropharyngeal washings by pcr-shela and nested pcr.	oropharyngeal washings (ophs) from 27 hiv infected patients (18 with p. carinii pneumonia, pcp, and 9 without pcp) were examined for p. carinii using morphological staining and dna amplification with pcr-shela and nested pcr methods. the comparison of these techniques shows that 1. the amplification of p. carinii dna is more sensitive than (and as specific as) morphological staining; 2. pcr-shela is less sensitive than (and as specific as) nested pcr.	1997	9508433
cellular and humoral response in pneumocystis carinii spontaneously infected rabbits.		1997	9508434
typing with its regions of p.carinii from aids patients with recurrent pneumonia.	to understand the way of reinfection of pneumocystis carinii we have analyzed the genetic variation at the internal transcribed spacer (its) in dna samples from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of italian hiv patients who had multiple episodes of p.carinii pneumonia. the presence of the same and/or a new type in both episodes suggest the possible occurrence of both reactivation of a previously acquired infection and reinfection from an exogenous source. furthermore the occurrence of two different ty ...	1997	9508436
in vitro and in vivo models of pneumocystis carinii.		1997	9508437
cdna cloning and overexpression of cell surface subtilisin-like proteases (ssp) of pneumocystis carinii.		1997	9508440
heterologous expression of pneumocystis carinii genes in fission yeast.		1997	9508441
pneumocystosis in humans or in corticosteroid-untreated animal models: interactions between pulmonary surfactant changes and pneumocystis carinii in vivo or in vitro growth.		1997	9508443
non-invasive diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in haematological patients using pcr on oral washes.		1997	9508444
ubiquinone synthesis by pneumocystis carinii: incorporation of radiolabeled polyprenyl chain and benzoquinone ring precursors.	radiolabeled mevalonic acid was incorporated in vitro into pneumocystis carinii ubiquinone homologs, coq9 and coq10, demonstrating the isoprenoid branch pathway forming the polyprenyl chain of ubiquinone is functional in the organism. radiolabeled shikimic acid, tyrosine and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were also incorporated into the two ubiquinone homologs, indicating that p. carinii also possessed the biochemical pathway for de novo synthesis of the coq benzoquinone ring.	1997	9508445
detection of pneumocystis carinii dna by pcr amplification in various rat organs in experimental pneumocystosis.	pneumocystosis is usually a disease of the lungs, but the number of cases of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis has greatly increased during the aids epidemic. much remains unknown about the frequency and mechanisms of dissemination. in the present study, a systematic search for pneumocystis carinii by pcr with primers specific for mitochondrial rrna was performed in the lung, liver, spleen and kidney of 12 immunosuppressed rats and two immunocompetent rats. the amplified products were analysed by so ...	1997	9511814
advances in studies on pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in china.		1997	9594270
u.s. public health service recommends maintaining pcp prophylaxis.	there are unresolved issues related to continuing prophylactic treatments in patients whose cd4 counts rise over 200. haart treatments increase cd4 levels, and some clinicians have questioned whether continued pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis is indicated. physicians at the u.s. public health service are cautioning doctors not to stop prophylaxis at this time. further studies are needed to determine if there are subsets of patients on haart who can safely discontinue preventive t ...	1997	11364707
optimizing pcp therapy.	research results to determine the best prophylactic regimen for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) are reported. overall results from these studies indicate patients who are eligible for pcp prophylaxis should be advised to take double-strength trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) on a daily basis, a dosage found more effective than thrice-weekly. to handle problems with side effects, one study demonstrated the success of using a 6-day dose escalation method that allowed 80 percent of the p ...	1997	11364821
residence at the expression site is necessary and sufficient for the transcription of surface antigen genes of pneumocystis carinii.	the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of p. carinii f. sp. carinii is a family of proteins encoded by a family of heterogeneous genes. messenger rnas encoding different msg isoforms start with the same sequence, called the upstream conserved sequence (ucs), which is encoded by a single locus. the mechanism by which the ucs becomes part of different msg mrnas is not obvious because at least 15 loci, which are distributed throughout the genome, encode msgs. one possibility is that attachment to the ...	1997	11902717
bone paracoccidioidomycosis in an hiv-positive patient.	aids patients are vulnerable to infection by opportunistic microbes, including various fungi such as pneumocystis carinii, cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, candida albicans and many others. however, the association of aids and infection with paracoccidioides brasiliensis has been rarely recorded. we report a case of an hiv-positive patient with bone infection by this fungus with a clinical form not previously published. this clinical presentation included primarily a massive bone ...	1997	11105147
early versus deferred zidovudine monotherapy: impact on aids-free time and survival in the multicenter aids cohort study.	the objective of this study was to compare the time to aids and to death between men receiving zidovudine therapy before or not before the diagnosis of aids. for the time to aids comparison, 821 men receiving zidovudine therapy before the diagnosis of aids were pair matched with men who did not receive zidovudine therapy until after diagnosis on their cd4 cell count (+/- 75 cells/mm3), haemoglobin level (+/- 0.75 g/dl), number of clinical symptoms and study visit at the time of initiation of zid ...	1997	11322263
the use of genetic markers to characterize transmission of pneumocystis carinii.		1997	11361786
help yourself defeat the lung infection called pcp. national institutes of health.	many hiv patients develop pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), a lung infection characterized by fever, fatigue, weight loss, dry cough, and shortness of breath. medicines can help fight pcp by keeping the immune system stronger, preventing the onset of the disease, and preventing recurrent infections. patients are encouraged to maintain regular health care check-ups, develop a healthy style of living, and follow any pcp treatment or prophylaxis as prescribed to prevent this potentially severe ...	1997	11364036
florida supreme court blocks patient's assisted suicide.	the florida supreme court stayed the ruling of a circuit court judge that would have allowed charles e. hall to commit suicide with the help of his physician. hall was dying of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, was partially blind, wheelchair-bound, and had no bladder control. he was the lone survivor of three patients who sought the assistance of dr. cecil mciver; mciver was unwilling to assist terminally-ill patients if he faced criminal prosecution. the supreme court rejected hall's claim to th ...	1997	11364116
fuo in a 56-year-old woman.	a 56-year-old, obese woman who had been sexually inactive for 10 years presented at the hospital with high fevers, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. following many diagnostic tests that revealed little, it was found that her estranged husband was being treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the woman was tested for hiv and found to be positive. this is an example of the centers for disease control and prevention's (cdc) indication that 10 percent of reported aids ...	1997	11364355
phs guidelines on opportunistic infections. us public health service.	the u.s. public health service (phs) issued new guidelines for the prevention and maintenance of hiv-related opportunistic infections. guidelines are presented for the following: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, mycobacterium avium complex infection, cytomegalovirus infection, herpes simplex, cryptococcal disease, histoplasmosis, varicella-zoster virus infection, candidiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and tuberculosis.	1997	11365371
update on opportunistic infections.	the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) can be effective for reducing the first onset of opportunistic infections (ois) and preventing their recurrence. while clinical studies are trying to determine the relationship between haart and delayed recurrence, it is recommended that patients currently on haart for oi prevention and maintenance not stop the therapy. updates are presented for the following topics: pneumonia vaccination, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prevention, my ...	1997	11365373
co-infection by cryptococcus neoformans and mycobacterium avium intracellulare in aids.	in the observation of various opportunistic pathogens in hiv-positive persons, co-infection by cryptococcus neoformans together with mycobacterium avium intracellulare was found if there was a cd4 lymphocyte count as low as 3-20 microl. in 1540 hiv-positive patients under treatment at a berlin hospital (auguste-viktoria-krankenhaus) during 1985-1994, all aids-relevant diseases were examined in a multivariate analysis as variables of influence on the manifestation of a systemic mycobacterium aviu ...	1997	16284809