Publications

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[chromosomal localization of the speltoidy gene, introgressed into bread wheat from aegilops speltoides tausch., and its interaction with the q gene of triticum spelta l].the differences between bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and spelt (triticum spelta l.) in the shape of the spike and threshing character are determined by the allelic status of one major q gene, mapped to the long arm of chromosome 5a. this gene is a member of the apetala2 family of transcription factors and plays an important role in domestication of wheat. in the present study, using monosomic analysis, we determined the chromosomal localization of the q(s)gene, introgressed into bread whea ...201223297486
conditional qtl mapping of protein content in wheat with respect to grain yield and its components.grain protein content in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is generally considered a highly heritable character that is negatively correlated with grain yield and yield-related traits. quantitative trait loci (qtl) for protein content was mapped using data on protein content and protein content conditioned on the putatively interrelated traits to evaluate possible genetic interrelationships between protein content and yield, as well as yield-related traits. phenotypic data were evaluated in a recombi ...201223271016
[resistance of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to preharvest sprouting: an association analysis].a statistical analysis of the data about 1422 bread wheat accessions with estimated preharvest sprouting was carried out. close associations of preharvest sprouting resistance with the grain color and with resistance to fusarium head blight were revealed, as well as weak, but statistically significant, associations with the type of development, awnedness, and reduced height genes rht-b1 and rht-d1 (insensitive to gibberellin ga3). the pedigree analysis showed that the cluster structures of the g ...201223270262
composition and functional analysis of low-molecular-weight glutenin alleles with aroona near-isogenic lines of bread wheat.low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) strongly influence the bread-making quality of bread wheat. these proteins are encoded by a multi-gene family located at the glu-a3, glu-b3 and glu-d3 loci on the short arms of homoeologous group 1 chromosomes, and show high allelic variation. to characterize the genetic and protein compositions of lmw-gs alleles, we investigated 16 aroona near-isogenic lines (nils) using sds-page, 2d-page and the lmw-gs gene marker system. moreover, the compositio ...201223259617
alkali pretreatment of wheat straw (triticum aestivum) at boiling temperature for producing a bioethanol precursor.we evaluated the effect of dilute sodium hydroxide (naoh) on wheat straw at boiling temperature for removing lignin and increasing the yield of reducing sugar. various concentrations of naoh (0.5% to 2%) were used for pretreating wheat straw at 105 °c for 10 min. scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that the 2% naoh-pretreated sample exposed more cellulose fiber. the maximum respective removal of lignin and hemicellul ...201223221693
on-farm dynamic management of genetic diversity: the impact of seed diffusions and seed saving practices on a population-variety of bread wheat.since the domestication of crop species, humans have derived specific varieties for particular uses and shaped the genetic diversity of these varieties. here, using an interdisciplinary approach combining ethnobotany and population genetics, we document the within-variety genetic structure of a population-variety of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in relation to farmers' practices to decipher their contribution to crop species evolution. using 19 microsatellites markers, we conducted two comp ...201223346224
analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole-genome shotgun sequencing.bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is a globally important crop, accounting for 20 per cent of the calories consumed by humans. major efforts are underway worldwide to increase wheat production by extending genetic diversity and analysing key traits, and genomic resources can accelerate progress. but so far the very large size and polyploid complexity of the bread wheat genome have been substantial barriers to genome analysis. here we report the sequencing of its large, 17-gigabase-pair, hexaploid ...201223192148
[dynamic changes of photosynthetic characteristics in big-spike wheat yield formation].a field experiment was conducted to investigate the yield traits, leaf photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content (chl), and leaf area index (lai) of eight new big-spike wheat lines, with multiple-spike cultivar xinong 979 (triticum aestivum cv. xinong 979) as the control. the eight new lines had significantly higher kernel numbers per spike, kernel qualities, and 1000-grain mass but lower spike numbers per unit area, and the lines 2036, 2037, 2038, and 2040 ha ...201223173458
molecular characterization of lmw-gs genes in brachypodium distachyon l. reveals highly conserved glu-3 loci in triticum and related species.brachypodium distachyon l. is a newly emerging model plant system for temperate cereal crop species. however, its grain protein compositions are still not clear. in the current study, we carried out a detailed proteomics and molecular genetics study on grain glutenin proteins in b. distachyon.201223171363
bread wheat quality: some physical, chemical and rheological characteristics of syrian and english bread wheat samples.the relationships between breadmaking quality, kernel properties (physical and chemical), and dough rheology were investigated using flours from six genotypes of syrian wheat lines, comprising both commercially grown cultivars and advanced breeding lines. genotypes were grown in 2008/2009 season in irrigated plots in the eastern part of syria. grain samples were evaluated for vitreousness, test weight, 1000-kernel weight and then milled and tested for protein content, ash, and water content. dou ...201228239087
efficacy and value of prophylactic vs. integrated pest management approaches for management of cereal leaf beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in wheat and ramifications for adoption by growers.cereal leaf beetle, oulema melanopus l., can be effectively managed in southeastern u.s. wheat, triticum aestivum l., with scouting and a single insecticide treatment, applied at the recommended economic threshold. however, many growers eschew this approach for a prophylactic treatment, often tank mixed with a nitrogen application before wheat growth stage 30. the efficacy of a prophylactic and an integrated pest management (ipm) approach was compared for 2 yr using small plot studies in north c ...201223156157
a microscale model for combined co(2) diffusion and photosynthesis in leaves.transport of co(2) in leaves was investigated by combining a 2-d, microscale co(2) transport model with photosynthesis kinetics in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. the biophysical microscale model for gas exchange featured an accurate geometric representation of the actual 2-d leaf tissue microstructure and accounted for diffusive mass exchange of co(2.) the resulting gas transport equations were coupled to the biochemical farquhar-von caemmerer-berry model for photosynthesis. the combined m ...201223144870
identification of osmotic stress-responsive genes from leymus mollis, a wild relative of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the tolerance of the dune grass leymus mollis (triticeae; poaceae) to various biotic and abiotic stresses makes it a very useful genetic resource for wheat breeding. wide hybridization between l. mollis and wheat allows the introduction of leymus chromosomes into the wheat genetic background and facilitates the integration of useful traits into wheat. however, the genetic basis controlling the physiological tolerance of l. mollis to multiple environmental stresses remains largely unexplored. usi ...201223136517
evaluation of the effects of five qtl regions on fusarium head blight resistance and agronomic traits in spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.).fusarium head blight (fhb) is an important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the aim of this study was to determine the effects of quantitative trait locus (qtl) regions for resistance to fhb and estimate their effects on reducing fhb damage to wheat in hokkaido, northern japan. we examined 233 f(1)-derived doubled-haploid (dh) lines from a cross between 'kukeiharu 14' and 'sumai 3' to determine their reaction to fhb during two seasons under field conditions. the dh lines were genotyped a ...201223136509
immunogenicity of monococcum wheat in celiac patients.research is intense to find wheat of low or null toxicity for patients with celiac disease (cd). among candidates, there are diploid wheat species.201223134879
tamir159 directed wheat tagamyb cleavage and its involvement in anther development and heat response.in arabidopsis and rice, mir159-regulated gamyb-like family transcription factors function in flower development and gibberellin (ga) signaling in cereal aleurone cells. in this study, the involvement of mir159 in the regulation of its putative target tagamyb and its relationship to wheat development were investigated. first, we demonstrated that cleavage of tagamyb1 and tagamyb2 was directed by mir159 using 5'-race and a transient expression system. second, we overexpressed tamir159, tagamyb1 a ...201223133634
[the impact of ty3-gypsy group retrotransposon lila on d-genome specificity of wheat triticum aestivum l].an analysis of the primary structure of bac clone 112d20 t. aestivum, that contains d-genome specific ty3-gypsy-retrotransposon lila is presented. pcr analysis of nulli-tetrasomic and deletion lines of t. aestivum allowed to localize this bac clone in the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 5d. characteristic feature of bac clone 112d20 is a high concentration of ty3-gypsy-retrotransposons (61.7%), and low content of the genes (1.2%). only a single open reading frame was revealed homolog ...201223113346
how important are conidial appendages?the genus the genus dinemasporium is used as a case study to evaluate the importance of conidial appendages for generic level classification of coelomycetous fungi. based on morphology and sequence data of the large subunit nuclear ribosomal rna gene (lsu, 28s) and the internal transcribed spacers and 5.8s rrna gene of the nrdna operon, the genus dinemasporium is circumscribed, and an epitype designated for d. strigosum, the type of the genus. a further five species are introduced in dinemaspori ...201223105158
dominance of a 675 nm chlorophyll(ide) form upon selective 632.8 or 654 nm laser illumination after partial protochlorophyllide phototransformation.the phototransformation pathways of protochlorophyllide forms were studied in 8-14-day-old leaves of dark-germinated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using white, 632.8 nm he-ne laser and 654 nm laser diode light. the photon flux density (pfd) values (0.75-360 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1)), the illumination periods (20 ms-10 s) and the temperature of the leaves (between -60 °c and room temperature) were varied. the 77 k fluorescence spectra of partially phototransformed leaves showed gradual accumulatio ...201223104011
potential of antioxidant enzymes in depicting drought tolerance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).in an effort to determine the biochemical markers for identifying genotypes before sowing for drought tolerance, changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined in the seedlings of five drought-tolerant and five drought-sensitive wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes, each with different genetic background growing under normal and water deficit conditions induced by 6% mannitol. in comparison with non-stressed seedlings, the catalase (cat) activity was upregulated by more than 50% ...201223077787
[phenotypic effects of puroindoline gene alleles of bread wheat].85 winter bread wheat varieties and lines that have been developed mostly in ukraine were analyzed with nir for parameters of hardness and protein content. the hardness data were compared with the data of puroindoline gene alleles analysis done earlier and the published data. significant variation of parameters of hardness was revealed when there was low polymorphism of puroindoline genes indicating the presence of additional genes that influence the hardness parameters.201223074957
zinc induced phytotoxicity mechanism involved in root growth of triticum aestivum l.this study investigated the inhibition mechanism of root growth in wheat seedlings when exposed to different zinc (zn) concentrations. all applied zn concentration did not affect seed germination, but reduced root length; in contrast, only zn at 3mm inhibited significantly the growth of shoot. the loss of cell viability and the significant increases of lignification as well as the increases of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), superoxide radical (o(2)(-)) and malondialdehyde levels were observed in ...201223067545
a study of the role of gene tamyb2 and an associated snp in dehydration tolerance in common wheat.the myeloblastosis oncogenes (myb) are one of the important transcription factors that facilitate induction of various developmental and stress responsive genes. they are hence, emerging as key players in improving stress tolerance of plants in response to several abiotic stresses. therefore, isolation and characterization of these genes, development of transgenics and functional molecular markers for useful alleles is central to various crop improvement programs. in this manuscript, we for the ...201223065204
effects of a novel poly (aa-co-aam)/alznfe₂o₄/potassium humate superabsorbent hydrogel nanocomposite on water retention of sandy loam soil and wheat seedling growth.a novel poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)alznfe₂o₄/potassium humate( )superabsorbent hydrogel nanocomposite (phnc) was synthesized and its physical properties characterized using sem, energy dispersive x-ray (edx) and ftir spectroscopic techniques. air dried sandy loam soil was amended with 0.1 to 0.4 w/w% of phnc to evaluate its soil moisture retention attributes. effect of phnc amendment on ph, electrical conductivity (ec), porosity, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity of sandy loam soil wa ...201223099615
effects of ion beams pretreatment on damage of uv-b radiation on seedlings of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the seeds of winter wheat were pretreated with three different doses of low-energy n(+) beams, and its seedlings were subjected to uv-b irradiation (10.08 kj m(-2) day(-1)) at three-leaves stage. the growth characteristic of seeds, the oxidative damage to membrane system induced by uv-b radiation, and the alleviating effects of n(+) beams pretreatment to radiation damage were investigated. the results showed that the germination rate and seedling rate, respectively, increased 14.09 ± 1.03 and 13 ...201223054823
single-copy gene fluorescence in situ hybridization and genome analysis: acc-2 loci mark evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements in wheat.fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) is a useful tool for physical mapping of chromosomes and studying evolutionary chromosome rearrangements. here we report a robust method for single-copy gene fish for wheat. fish probes were developed from cdna of cytosolic acetyl-coa carboxylase (accase) gene (acc-2) and mapped on chromosomes of bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd), and related diploid and tetraploid species. another nine full-length (fl) cdna fish probes were mapped ...201223052335
phytochemical profile and nutraceutical value of old and modern common wheat cultivars.among health-promoting phytochemicals in whole grains, phenolic compounds have gained attention as they have strong antioxidant properties and can protect against many degenerative diseases. aim of this study was to profile grain phenolic extracts of one modern and five old common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties and to evaluate their potential antiproliferative or cytoprotective effect in different cell culture systems.wheat extracts were characterized in terms of antioxidant activity and ...201223049918
comparative transcriptome profiling in winter wheat grown under different agricultural practices.wheat (triticum aestivum l.), one of the three most important cereal crops worldwide, has a dominant position in europe due to its adaptability and consumer acceptance particularly as an organic food commodity. organic agriculture is developing rapidly, and its authenticity is presently a subject of great concern to food authorities, as incorrect labeling can represent commercial fraud. a comparative transcriptome profiling was conducted on winter wheat flag leaves of several cultivars growing i ...201223039160
growth, photosynthetic activity and oxidative stress in wheat (triticum aestivum) after exposure of lead to soil.the present study was conducted to assess quantitative information about lead (pb) contamination in soil on the growth and physiology of wheat. solutions with three different concentrations of pb as [pb(no3)2 at 500, 1000 and 2500 microm] were incorporated into the soil to achieve pb-stressed conditions in comparison to unstressed, water treated, control variant. wheat growth measured in terms of root length, shoot length and dry weight exhibited a significant decline with increasing pb concentr ...201223033692
the introgression of rnai silencing of γ-gliadins into commercial lines of bread wheat changes the mixing and technological properties of the dough.in the present work the effects on dough quality by the down-regulation of γ-gliadins in different genetic backgrounds of bread wheat were investigated. rnai-mediated silencing of γ-gliadins was introgressed by conventional crossing into three commercial bread wheat lines (namely 'gazul', 'podenco' and 'arpain'), and along with the transgenic line a1152 (cv. bobwhite) compared with their respective wild types. the protein fractions were quantified by rp-hplc, whereas the technological and mixing ...201223029328
responses of seedling growth and antioxidant activity to excess iron and copper in triticum aestivum l.the purpose of this study was to analyze phytotoxicity mechanism involved in root growth and to compare physiological changes in the leaves of wheat seedlings exposed to short term iron (fe) and copper (cu) stresses (0, 100, 300 and 500μm). all applied fe or cu concentrations reduced root and shoot lengths, but seed germination was inhibited by cu only at 500μm. analyses using fluorescent dye 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate indicated enhanced h(2)o(2) levels in seedling roots under fe ...201223025893
transcriptome-scale homoeolog-specific transcript assemblies of bread wheat.bread wheat is one of the world's most important food crops and considerable efforts have been made to develop genomic resources for this species. this includes an on-going project by the international wheat genome sequencing consortium to assemble its large and complex genome, which is hexaploid and contains three closely related 'homoeologous' copies for each chromosome. this multi-national effort avoids the complications polyploidy entails for correct assembly of the genome by sequencing flow ...201222989011
[identity of the rht-11 and rht-b1e reduced plant height genes].the rht (reduced plant height) genes provided a basis for the "green revolution", which led to a substantial increase in wheat productivity. more than 20 rht genes are now known in wheat, rht-b1 and rht-11 being among the most important ones. analysis of a segregating f2 population and molecular analysis of the common wheat cultivars carrying the rht-11 gene showed that the rht-11 and rht-b1e genes are identical.201222988778
ecophysiology of nickel phytoaccumulation: a simplified biophysical approach.solute active transport or exclusion by plants can be identified by the values of the transpiration stream concentration factor (tscf=xylem:solution solute concentration ratio). the aim of this study was to estimate this parameter for ni uptake by the ni-hyperaccumulator leptoplax emarginata or the ni-excluder triticum aestivum cultivar 'fidel'. the intact plant tscf for nickel (iptscf(ni)) was calculated as the ratio between the nickel mass accumulation in the leaves and the nickel concentratio ...201222987839
waxy genes from spelt wheat: new alleles for modern wheat breeding and new phylogenetic inferences about the origin of this species.waxy proteins are responsible for amylose synthesis in wheat seeds, being encoded by three waxy genes (wx-a1, wx-b1 and wx-d1) in hexaploid wheat. in addition to their role in starch quality, waxy loci have been used to study the phylogeny of wheat. the origin of european spelt (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) is not clear. this study compared waxy gene sequences of a spanish spelt collection with their homologous genes in emmer (t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum), durum (t. turgidum ssp. durum) and comm ...201222984164
acclimation of leaf nitrogen to vertical light gradient at anthesis in wheat is a whole-plant process that scales with the size of the canopy.vertical leaf nitrogen (n) gradient within a canopy is classically considered as a key adaptation to the local light environment that would tend to maximize canopy photosynthesis. we studied the vertical leaf n gradient with respect to the light gradient for wheat (triticum aestivum) canopies with the aims of quantifying its modulation by crop n status and genetic variability and analyzing its ecophysiological determinants. the vertical distribution of leaf n and light was analyzed at anthesis f ...201222984122
identification of the tabtf3 gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and the effect of its silencing on wheat chloroplast, mitochondria and mesophyll cell development.the full-length cdna (882bp) and dna (1742bp) sequences encoding a basic transcription factor 3, designated as tabtf3, were first isolated from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). subcellular localization studies revealed that the tabtf3 protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. in tabtf3-silenced transgenic wheat seedlings obtained using the virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) method, the chlorophyll pigment content was markedly reduced. however, the malonaldehyde (mda) and h(2) ...201222982315
expression of α-amylase inhibitors in diploid triticum species.the aim of the work was to characterize the expression of various α-amylase inhibitors (αais), well known anti-nutritional compounds, for the development of healthier diploid wheat-based functional foods. the salt-soluble protein fractions from the seeds of 53 accessions among triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum (t.m.), t. monococcum subsp. boeoticum (t.b.) and triticum urartu (t.u.) were analyzed by immunoblotting after sds-page and urea-page using polyclonal antibodies (pabs) raised against ...201222980853
metabolite profiling of a diverse collection of wheat lines using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry.genetic differences among major types of wheat are well characterized; however, little is known about how these distinctions affect the small molecule profile of the wheat seed. ethanol/water (65% v/v) extracts of seed from 45 wheat lines representing 3 genetically distinct classes, tetraploid durum (triticum turgidum subspecies durum) (dw) and hexaploid hard and soft bread wheat (t. aestivum subspecies aestivum) (bw) were subjected to ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of- ...201222957002
mapping of wheat mitochondrial mrna termini and comparison with breakpoints in dna homology among plants.mitochondrial dna rearrangements occur very frequently in flowering plants and when close to genes there must be concomitant acquisition of new regulatory cis-elements. to explore whether there might be limits to such dna shuffling, we have mapped the termini of mitochondrial mrnas in wheat, a monocot, and compared them to the known positions for counterpart genes in the eudicot arabidopsis. nine genes share homologous 3' utrs over their full-length and for six of them, the termini map very clos ...201222956245
the role of protein hydrophobicity in thionin-phospholipid interactions: a comparison of α1 and α2-purothionin adsorbed anionic phospholipid monolayers.the plant defence proteins α1- and α2-purothionin (pth) are type 1 thionins from common wheat (triticum aestivum). these highly homologous proteins possess characteristics common amongst antimicrobial peptides and proteins, that is, cationic charge, amphiphilicity and hydrophobicity. both α1- and α2-pth possess the same net charge, but differ in relative hydrophobicity as determined by c18 reversed phase hplc. brewster angle microscopy, x-ray and neutron reflectometry, external reflection ftir a ...201222955734
[chromosome pairing in wheat-rye abdr hybrids depends on the microsporogenesis pattern].the character of chromosome pairing in meiocytes was studied in f1 wheat-rye triticum aestivum l. x secale cereale l. (abdr, 4x = 28) hybrids with three types of chromosome behavior: reductional, equational, and equational + reductional. a high variation of the frequencies of bivalents and ring univalents was observed in meiocytes with the reductional or equational + reductional type of chromosome behavior. the type of chromosome division was found to affect the bivalent and ring univalent frequ ...201222946327
[immunotoxicologic assessment of genetically modified drought-resistant wheat t349 with gmdreb1].to assess the immunotoxicologic effects of genetically modified drought resistant wheat t349 with gmdreb1 gene.201222943906
cerealsdb 2.0: an integrated resource for plant breeders and scientists.food security is an issue that has come under renewed scrutiny amidst concerns that substantial yield increases in cereal crops are required to feed the world's booming population. wheat is of fundamental importance in this regard being one of the three most important crops for both human consumption and livestock feed; however, increase in crop yields have not kept pace with the demands of a growing world population. in order to address this issue, plant breeders require new molecular tools to ...201222943283
marker-assisted selection of high molecular weight glutenin alleles related to bread-making quality in iranian common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).bread-making quality in hexaploid wheats is a complex trait. it has been shown that the amount and composition of protein can influence dough rheological properties. the high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenins are encoded by a complex locus, glu-1, on the long arm of group-1 homoeologus chromosome of the a, b and d genomes. in this work we used pcr-based dna markers as a substitution tool to distinguish wheat bread-making quality. we detected pcr-based dna markers for coding sequence of glu-a1x, g ...201222942089
introgression of a leaf rust resistance gene from aegilops caudata to bread wheat.rusts are the most important biotic constraints limiting wheat productivity worldwide. deployment of cultivars with broad spectrum rust resistance is the only environmentally viable option to combat these diseases. identification and introgression of novel sources of resistance is a continuous process to combat the ever evolving pathogens. the germplasm of nonprogenitor aegilops species with substantial amount of variability has been exploited to a limited extent. in the present investigation in ...201222942085
development of chromosome-arm-specific microsatellite markers in triticum aestivum (poaceae) using ngs technology.the aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of developing chromosome-arm-specific microsatellite markers in wheat on a large scale based on chromosome survey sequences obtained with next-generation sequencing (ngs) technology.201222935363
intraspecific sequence comparisons reveal similar rates of non-collinear gene insertion in the b and d genomes of bread wheat.polyploidization is considered one of the main mechanisms of plant genome evolution. the presence of multiple copies of the same gene reduces selection pressure and permits sub-functionalization and neo-functionalization leading to plant diversification, adaptation and speciation. in bread wheat, polyploidization and the prevalence of transposable elements resulted in massive gene duplication and movement. as a result, the number of genes which are non-collinear to genomes of related species see ...201222935214
studies on wheat bran arabinoxylan for its immunostimulatory and protective effects against avian coccidiosis.wheat (triticum aestivum) bran derived polysaccharides, arabinoxylans (axs), were evaluated for their immunostimulatory and protective efficacy against eimeria infection in chickens. humoral response revealed significantly higher (p<0.05) total igs, igg and igm titers at days 7th and 14th post primary and secondary injections of sheep red blood cells in the experimental chickens administered with axs as compared to those of control group. the percent protection and daily weight gains were signif ...201224751049
breeding for the future: what are the potential impacts of future frost and heat events on sowing and flowering time requirements for australian bread wheat (triticum aestivium) varieties?extreme climate, especially temperature, can severely reduce wheat yield. as global warming has already begun to increase mean temperature and the occurrence of extreme temperatures, it has become urgent to accelerate the 5-20 year process of breeding for new wheat varieties, to adapt to future climate. we analyzed the patterns of frost and heat events across the australian wheatbelt based on 50 years of historical records (1960-2009) for 2864 weather stations. flowering dates of three contrasti ...201224501066
three-dimensional temporal and spatial distribution of adult rhyzopertha dominica in stored wheat and corn under different temperatures, moisture contents, and adult densities.three-dimensional temporal and spatial distributions of adult rhyzopertha dominica (f.) at adult densities of 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 adults per kg grain and at 20 +/- 1, 25 +/- 1, and 30 +/- 1 degrees c were determined in 1.5 t bins filled with wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with 11.0 +/- 0.8, 13.0 +/- 0.6, and 15.0 +/- 0.5% moisture content (wet basis) or corn (zea mays l.) with 13.0 +/- 0.2% moisture content (wet basis). at each of five sampled locations, grain was separated into three 15-kg vertica ...201222928298
bacterial putative metacaspase structure from geobacter sulfureducens as a template for homology modeling of type ii triticum aestivum metacaspase (taemcaii).metacaspases, cysteine proteases belonging to the peptidase c14 family, are suspected of being involved in the programmed cell death of plants, although their sequences and substrate specificity differ from those of animal caspases. at present, the knowledge on the metacaspase reaction mechanism is based only on biochemical data and homology models constructed on caspase templates. here we propose a novel template for metacaspase modeling and demonstrate important advantages in comparison to the ...201222924162
combining peak- and chromatogram-based retention time alignment algorithms for multiple chromatography-mass spectrometry datasets.modern analytical methods in biology and chemistry use separation techniques coupled to sensitive detectors, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms). these hyphenated methods provide high-dimensional data. comparing such data manually to find corresponding signals is a laborious task, as each experiment usually consists of thousands of individual scans, each containing hundreds or even thousands of distinct signals. in order to all ...201222920415
abiotic stress-responsive expression of wali1 and wali5 genes from wheat.two cdna clones, encoding aluminum-responsive wali1 and wali5, were identified in dehydration stress-specific cdna library from wheat. their sequence variations and structural dissimilarities indicated them to be non-homologous genes. expression of both genes was induced by various abiotic stresses as well as in response to plant hormones and oxidative molecules. further, they were expressed differentially in shoot and root tissues of wheat seedlings, their transcripts being specifically abundan ...201222918504
chemically enhanced phytoextraction of risk elements from a contaminated agricultural soil using zea mays and triticum aestivum: performance and metal mobilization over a three year period.enhanced phytoextraction using edta for the remediation of an agricultural soil contaminated with less mobile risk elements cd and pb originating from smelting activities in príbram (czech republic) was assessed on the laboratory and the field scale. edta was applied to the first years crop zea mays. metal mobilization and metal uptake by the plants in the soil were monitored for two additional years when triticum aestivum was planted. the application ofedta effectively increased water-soluble c ...201222908642
molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a small alien-segment translocation line carrying the softness genes of haynaldia villosa.the wheat-alien small segment translocation (sast) lines carrying the beneficial genes from wild species are useful genetic stocks for wheat improvement. in this study, to introduce the grain hardness-related genes of haynaldia villosa (l.) schur. into common wheat (triticum aesitivum l.), the mature female gametes of whole-arm wheat--h. villosa translocation line t5vs·5dl was irradiated by 60co-γ ray to develop sast lines involving 5vs. among the bc2f2 population, six homozygous sast lines with ...201222900990
proteome characterization of developing grains in bread wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.).the analyses of protein synthesis, accumulation and regulation during grain development in wheat are more complex because of its larger genome size compared to model plants such as arabidopsis and rice. in this study, grains from two wheat cultivars jimai 20 and zhoumai 16 with different gluten quality properties were harvested at five development stages, and were used to displayed variable expression patterns of grain proteins.201222900893
optimizing de novo common wheat transcriptome assembly using short-read rna-seq data.rapid advances in next-generation sequencing methods have provided new opportunities for transcriptome sequencing (rna-seq). the unprecedented sequencing depth provided by rna-seq makes it a powerful and cost-efficient method for transcriptome study, and it has been widely used in model organisms and non-model organisms to identify and quantify rna. for non-model organisms lacking well-defined genomes, de novo assembly is typically required for downstream rna-seq analyses, including snp discover ...201222891638
a single nucleotide polymorphism at the vrn-d1 promoter region in common wheat is associated with vernalization response.facultative wheat varieties adapt to a particular environment. but the molecular basis for the facultative growth habit is not clear relative to winter and spring growth habit. two sets of wheat varieties were chosen for this study. set 1 comprised ten spring accessions and set 2 comprised ten facultative accessions. all accessions had been tested by the previously described allele-specific markers and shown having the same allelic composition of vrn-a1 vrn-b1 vrn-d1 and vrn-b3. here we examined ...201222875177
proteomic analysis on salicylic acid-induced salt tolerance in common wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.).the influence of salicylic acid (sa) on the salt tolerance mechanism in seedlings of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated using physiological measurements combined with global expression profiling (proteomics). in the present study, 0.5mm sa significantly reduced nacl-induced growth inhibition in wheat seedlings, manifesting as increased fresh weights, dry weights, and photosynthetic pigments, but decreased lipid peroxidation. two-week-old wheat seedlings treated with 0.5mm sa, 2 ...201222868037
sensory, yield and quality differences between organically and conventionally grown winter wheat.consumers expect organic produce to have higher environmental, health and sensory related qualities than conventional produce. in order to test sensory differences between bio-dynamically, bio-organically and conventionally grown winter wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. runal), we performed double-blinded triangle tests with two panels on dry wholemeal flour from the harvest years 2006, 2007 and 2009 and from two field replicates of the 'dok' long-term farming system comparison field trial near b ...201222865150
inheritance of grain polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity in multiple wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genetic backgrounds.grain polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity can cause discoloration of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) food products. five crosses (pi 117635/antelope; fielder/nw03681; fielder/antelope; nw07or1070/antelope; nw07or1066/or2050272h) were selected to study the genetic inheritance of ppo activity. sts markers, ppo18, ppo29 and sts01, were used to identify lines with putative alleles at the ppo-a1 and ppo-d1 loci conditioning low or high ppo activity. anova showed significant genotypic effects on ppo activi ...201222864385
biochemical characterization and kinetic properties of alanine aminotransferase homologues partially purified from wheat (triticum aestivum l.).four homologues of alanine aminotransferase have been isolated from shoots of wheat seedlings and purified by saline precipitation, gel filtration, preparative electrophoresis and anion exchange chromatography on protein-pak q 8hr column attached to hplc. alanine aminotransferase 1 (alaat1) and 2 (alaat2) were purified 303- and 452-fold, respectively, whereas l-glutamate: glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (ggat1) and 2 (ggat2) were purified 485- and 440-fold, respectively. consistent inhibition of a ...201222863564
β-aminobutyric acid increases abscisic acid accumulation and desiccation tolerance and decreases water use but fails to improve grain yield in two spring wheat cultivars under soil drying.a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the non-protein amino acid, β-aminobutyric acid (baba), on the homeostasis between reactive oxygen species (ros) and antioxidant defence during progressive soil drying, and its relationship with the accumulation of abscisic acid (aba), water use, grain yield, and desiccation tolerance in two spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars released in different decades and with different yields under drought. drenching the soil with 100 µm ...201222859677
jasmonate and ethylene dependent defence gene expression and suppression of fungal virulence factors: two essential mechanisms of fusarium head blight resistance in wheat?fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium species like f. graminearum is a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol produced by the fungus affect plant and animal health, and cause significant reductions of grain yield and quality. resistant varieties are the only effective way to control this disease, but the molecular events leading to fhb resistance are still poorly understood. transcriptional profiling was conducted for the winter whea ...201222857656
[identification of genes that promote awnedness in the triticum aestivum/aegilops umbellulata introgressive line].genetic analysis of triticum aestivum/aegilops umbellulata introgressive line for the character ear awnedness has been realized. according to the studying the lines and hybrids for the characters awnedness and electrophoresis spectra of microsatellite components the digenic model for control of awnedness is suggested. the model supposes participation of gene--inhibitor of awnedness b1 (5al) and gene--promoter of awnedness awn1 in chromosome 6u of aegilops umbellulata. chromosome 5a of the awned ...201222856141
strong presence of the high grain protein content allele of nam-b1 in fennoscandian wheat.grain protein content in wheat has been shown to be affected by the nam-b1 gene where the wildtype allele confers high levels of protein and micronutrients but can reduce yield. two known non-functional alleles instead increase yield but lead to lower levels of protein and micronutrients. the wildtype allele in hexaploid bread wheat is so far mainly known from historical specimens and a few lines with an emmer wheat introgression. here we report a screening for the wildtype allele in wheats of d ...201222850788
a tandem segmental duplication (tsd) in green revolution gene rht-d1b region underlies plant height variation.• rht-d1c (rht10) carried by chinese wheat (triticum aestivum) line aibian 1 is an allele at the rht-d1 locus. among the rht-1 alleles, little is known about rht-d1c although it determines an extreme dwarf phenotype in wheat. • here, we cloned and functionally characterized rht-d1c using a combination of southern blotting, target region sequencing, gene expression analysis and transgenic experiments. • we found that the rht-d1c allele was generated through a tandem segmental duplication (tsd) of ...201222849513
development and characterization of a new tilling population of common bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).mutagenesis is an important tool in crop improvement. however, the hexaploid genome of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) presents problems in identifying desirable genetic changes based on phenotypic screening due to gene redundancy. tilling (targeting induced local lesions in genomes), a powerful reverse genetic strategy that allows the detection of induced point mutations in individuals of the mutagenized populations, can address the major challenge of linking sequence information to the biological ...201222844501
rapd and issr-assisted identification and development of three new scar markers specific for the thinopyrum elongatum e (poaceae) genome.diploid thinopyrum elongatum, a wild relative of wheat, contains many agronomically desirable traits and has potential for increasing genetic variability and introducing desirable characters in this crop. few molecular markers are available for rapid screening of t. elongatum genome segments in the wheat genetic background. we used 36 rapd primers and 33 issr primers to screen for polymorphisms in the common wheat variety chinese spring and in t. elongatum. two rapd markers and one issr marker, ...201222843051
identification of ppd-b1 alleles in common wheat cultivars by caps marker.photoperiod response is a major determinant of the duration of growth stages in common wheat. in common wheat, many genes play a role in determining flowering time, but the ppd genes located on the homoeologous group 2 play a major role. of these ppd-b1 is located on the short arm of 2b. in 107 common wheat cultivars grown in poland and neighboring countries, the identification of ppd-b1 alleles using in-del analysis by using a caps markers was investigated. 87 cultivars were shown to carry domi ...201222830258
dna repair and crossing over favor similar chromosome regions as discovered in radiation hybrid of triticum.the uneven distribution of recombination across the length of chromosomes results in inaccurate estimates of genetic to physical distances. in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) chromosome 3b, it has been estimated that 90% of the cross over events occur in distal sub-telomeric regions representing 40% of the chromosome. radiation hybrid (rh) mapping which does not rely on recombination is a strategy to map genomes and has been widely employed in animal species and more recently in some plants. rh map ...201222827734
daphnetin methylation stabilizes the activity of phosphoribulokinase in wheat during cold acclimation.the methylation of daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin) to its 8-methyl derivative is catalyzed by a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) o-methyltransferase (taomt1). this enzyme is regulated by cold and photosystem ii excitation pressure (plastid redox state). here, we investigated the biological significance of this methylation and its potential role in modulating the activity of kinases in wheat. to identify the potential kinases that may interact with daphnetin in wheat, the soluble protein extract fr ...201222827600
identifying loci influencing grain number by microsatellite screening in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).grain number (gn) is one of three major yield-related components in wheat. we used the chinese wheat mini core collection to undertake a genome-wide association analysis of grain number using 531 ssr markers randomly located on all 21 chromosomes. grain numbers of all accessions were measured in four trials, i.e. two environments in four growing seasons. association analysis based on a mixed linear model (mlm) revealed that 27 ssr loci were significantly associated with mean gn (mgn) estimated b ...201222820969
sorting the wheat from the chaff: identifying mirnas in genomic survey sequences of triticum aestivum chromosome 1al.individual chromosome-based studies of bread wheat are beginning to provide valuable structural and functional information about one of the world's most important crops. as new genome sequences become available, identifying mirna coding sequences is arguably as important a task as annotating protein coding sequences, but one that is not as well developed. we compared conservation-based identification of conserved mirnas in 1.5× coverage survey sequences of wheat chromosome 1al with a predictive ...201222815845
construction of whole genome radiation hybrid panels and map of chromosome 5a of wheat using asymmetric somatic hybridization.to explore the feasibility of constructing a whole genome radiation hybrid (wgrh) map in plant species with large genomes, asymmetric somatic hybridization between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and bupleurum scorzonerifolium willd. was performed. the protoplasts of wheat were irradiated with ultraviolet light (uv) and gamma-ray and rescued by protoplast fusion using b. scorzonerifolium as the recipient. assessment of ssr markers showed that the radiation hybrids have the average marker retention ...201222815731
impact of wheat-mung bean intercropping on english grain aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) populations and its natural enemy.the effects of intercropping wheat, triticum aestivum l., with mung bean, vigna radiate l., on the populations of english grain aphid, sitobion avenae (f.) (hemiptera: aphididae), and its natural enemies were evaluated by field and laboratory experiments. the population densities of aphids and their natural enemies were evaluated in the intercropped field against different row ratio combinations of wheat-mung bean. results showed that wheat-mung bean intercropping caused a drop in aphid densitie ...201222812121
nitrate reductase from triticum aestivum leaves: regulation of activity and possible role in production of nitric oxide.nitrate reductase (nr) and peroxidase (pox) are important enzymes involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen (ros) and nitrogen species in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. it has been confirmed that nr activity in wheat leaves depends on the light conditions and the presence of nitrates during the cultivation of the seedlings, and it is regulated by the molybdenum cofactor and phosphorylation. in the present study, confocal microscopy and epr spectroscopy studies showed that ...201222809160
a recombinant ω-gliadin-like d-type glutenin and an α-gliadin from wheat (triticum aestivum): two immunoglobulin e binding proteins, useful for the diagnosis of wheat-dependent allergies.among the wheat prolamins, d-type glutenins display a highly repetitive sequence similar to ω-gliadins, but they contain a cysteine, that allows them to be included in the gluten macropolymers. an ω-gliadin-like d-type glutenin, an α-gliadin, and an ω5-gliadin-like d-type glutenin were obtained as recombinant proteins and compared using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism. this technique evidenced the strong thermostability of the ω5-gliadin-like protein. the ige reactivity of recombinant p ...201222809016
[complex evaluation for influence of hosts on hemipatasite thesium chinense].to study the influence of host species on growth and development and active component content of thesium chinense.201222803355
nitric oxide alleviates oxidative damage induced by high temperature stress in wheat.effect of sodium nitroprusside (snp), a donor of nitric oxide (no) was examined in two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, c 306 (heat tolerant) and pbw 550 (comparatively heat susceptible) to study the extent of oxidative injury and activities of antioxidant enzyme in relation to high temperature (ht) stress. ht stress resulted in a marked decrease in membrane thermostability (mts) and 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (ttc) cell viability whereas content of lipid peroxide increased in ...201222803328
genetic and physiological analysis of rht8 in bread wheat: an alternative source of semi-dwarfism with a reduced sensitivity to brassinosteroids.over the next decade, wheat grain production must increase to meet the demand of a fast growing human population. one strategy to meet this challenge is to raise wheat productivity by optimizing plant stature. the reduced height 8 (rht8) semi-dwarfing gene is one of the few, together with the green revolution genes, to reduce stature of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and improve lodging resistance, without compromising grain yield. rht8 is widely used in dry environments such as mediterranean cou ...201222791821
inhibition of tiller bud outgrowth in the tin mutant of wheat is associated with precocious internode development.tillering (branching) is a major yield component and, therefore, a target for improving the yield of crops. however, tillering is regulated by complex interactions of endogenous and environmental signals, and the knowledge required to achieve optimal tiller number through genetic and agronomic means is still lacking. regulatory mechanisms may be revealed through physiological and molecular characterization of naturally occurring and induced tillering mutants in the major crops. here we character ...201222791303
identification of differentially senescing mutants of wheat and impacts on yield, biomass and nitrogen partitioning.increasing photosynthetic capacity by extending canopy longevity during grain filling using slow senescing stay-green genotypes is a possible means to improve yield in wheat. ethyl methanesulfonate (ems) mutated wheat lines (triticum aestivum l. cv. paragon) were screened for fast and slow canopy senescence to investigate the impact on yield and nitrogen partitioning. stay-green and fast-senescing lines with similar anthesis dates were characterised in detail. delayed senescence was only apparen ...201222788746
bioavailability of gold nanomaterials to plants: importance of particle size and surface coating.we used the model organisms nicotiana tabacum l. cv xanthi (tobacco) and triticum aestivum (wheat) to investigate plant uptake of 10-, 30-, and 50-nm diameter au manufactured nanomaterials (mnms) coated with either tannate (t-mnms) or citrate (c-mnms). primary particle size, hydrodynamic size, and zeta potential were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (tem), dynamic light scattering (dls), and electrophoretic mobility measurements, respectively. plants were exposed to nps hydro ...201222784043
detection of two major grain yield qtl in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under heat, drought and high yield potential environments.a large proportion of the worlds' wheat growing regions suffers water and/or heat stress at some stage during the crop growth cycle. with few exceptions, there has been no utilisation of managed environments to screen mapping populations under repeatable abiotic stress conditions, such as the facilities developed by the international wheat and maize improvement centre (cimmyt). through careful management of irrigation and sowing date over three consecutive seasons, repeatable heat, drought and h ...201222772727
physiological and molecular changes of detached wheat leaves in responding to various treatments.leaf senescence is induced or accelerated when leaves are detached. however, the senescence process and expression pattern of senescence-associated genes (sags) when leaves are detached are not clearly understood. to detect senescence-associated physiological changes and sag expression, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves were detached and treated with light, darkness, low temperature (4 °c), jasmonic acid (ja), abscisic acid (aba), and salicylic acid (sa). the leaf phenotypes, chlorophyll conte ...201222765286
proteomic and genetic analysis of wheat endosperm albumins and globulins using deletion lines of cultivar chinese spring.albumins and globulins from the endosperm of triticum aestivum l. cv chinese spring (cs) were analysed to establish a proteome reference map for this standard wheat cultivar. approximately, 1,145 coomassie-stained spots were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2de), 410 of which were identified using mass spectrometry and data mining. salt-soluble endosperm proteins from 67 cs deletion lines were also separated by 2de (four gels per line). image analysis of the 268 2de gels as compa ...201222751952
investigation of cell wall composition related to stem lodging resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by ftir spectroscopy.we explored the rapid qualitative analysis of wheat cultivars with good lodging resistances by fourier transform infrared resonance (ftir) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis. ftir imaging showing that wheat stem cell walls were mainly composed of cellulose, pectin, protein, and lignin. principal components analysis (pca) was used to eliminate multicollinearity among multiple peak absorptions. pca revealed the developmental internodes of wheat stems could be distributed from low t ...201222751311
single nucleotide polymorphism discovery from wheat next-generation sequence data.single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are the most abundant type of molecular genetic marker and can be used for producing high-resolution genetic maps, marker-trait association studies and marker-assisted breeding. large polyploid genomes such as wheat present a challenge for snp discovery because of the potential presence of multiple homoeologs for each gene. autosnpdb has been successfully applied to identify snps from sanger sequence data for several species, including barley, rice and bras ...201222748104
damage repair effect of he-ne laser on wheat exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-b radiation.we explored the use of he-ne laser on alleviating the effects of ultraviolet-b (uv-b) light on winter wheat development. triticum aestivum l. cv. linyuan 077038 seeds were irradiated with either uv-b (10.08 kj m(-2) d(-1)) (enhanced uv-b) or a combination of uv-b light and the he-ne laser (5.43 mw mm(-2)). plants also were exposed to the he-ne laser alone. our results showed that enhanced uv-b produced negative effects on seed germination and seedling development. germination rate and shoot grow ...201222738866
[construction and study of leaf rust-resistant common wheat lines with translocations of aegilops speltoides tausch].genotyping was performed for the leaf rust-resistant line 73/00i (triticum aestivum x aegilops speltoides). fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) with probes spelt1 and psc119.2 in combination with microsatellite analysis were used to determine the locations and sizes of the ae. speltoides genetic fragments integrated into the line genome. translocations were identified in the long arms of chromosomes 5b and 6b and in the short arm of chromosome 1b. the spelt1 and psc119.2 molecular cytologi ...201222730768
celiac disease t-cell epitopes from gamma-gliadins: immunoreactivity depends on the genome of origin, transcript frequency, and flanking protein variation.celiac disease (cd) is caused by an uncontrolled immune response to gluten, a heterogeneous mixture of wheat storage proteins. the cd-toxicity of these proteins and their derived peptides is depending on the presence of specific t-cell epitopes (9-mer peptides; cd epitopes) that mediate the stimulation of hla-dq2/8 restricted t-cells. next to the thoroughly characterized major t-cell epitopes derived from the α-gliadin fraction of gluten, γ-gliadin peptides are also known to stimulate t-cells of ...201222726570
comparative proteome analysis of glutenin synthesis and accumulation in developing grains between superior and poor quality bread wheat cultivars.wheat glutenins are the major determinants of wheat quality. in this study, grains at the development stage from three wheat cultivars (jimai 20, jin 411 and zhoumai 16) with different bread-making quality were harvested based on thermal times from 150 °c(d) to 750 °c(d) , and were used to investigate glutenin accumulation patterns and their relationships with wheat quality.201221815156
transformation of the us bread wheat 'butte 86' and silencing of omega-5 gliadin genes.complex groups of proteins determine the unique functional properties of wheat flour and are sometimes responsible for food intolerances and allergies in individuals that consume wheat products. transgenic approaches can be used to explore the functions of different flour proteins, but are limited to the few wheat cultivars that can be transformed and also by the lack of detailed information about genes and proteins expressed in grain from those cultivars. the us bread wheat butte 86 has been ex ...201221844700
functional features of a single chromosome arm in wheat (1al) determined from its structure.bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important crops globally and a high priority for genetic improvement, but its large and complex genome has been seen as intractable to whole genome sequencing. isolation of individual wheat chromosome arms has facilitated large-scale sequence analyses. however, so far there is no such survey of sequences from the a genome of wheat. greater understanding of an a chromosome could facilitate wheat improvement and future sequencing of the entire ...201221892730
changes in the water status and osmotic solute contents in response to drought and salicylic acid treatments in four different cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum).salicylic acid (sa) controls growth and stress responses in plants. it also induces drought tolerance in plants. in this paper, four wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars with different drought responses were treated with sa in three levels of drain (90, 60, 30% of maximum field capacity) to examine its interactive effects on drought responses and contents of osmotic solutes that may be involved in growth and osmotic adjustment. under drought condition, the cultivars geza 164 and sakha 69 had t ...201221445718
rapid change of am fungal community in a rain-fed wheat field with short-term plastic film mulching practice.plastic film mulching (pfm) is a widely used agricultural practice in the temperate semi-arid loess plateau of china. however, how beneficial soil microbes, arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi in particular, respond to the pfm practice is not known. here, a field experiment was performed to study the effects of a 3-month short-term pfm practice on am fungi in plots planted with spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. dingxi-2) in the loess plateau. am colonization, spore density, wheat spike weight ...201221484340
effect of blends of dehydrated green pea flour and amaranth seed flour on the rheological, microstructure and pasta making quality.effect of dehydrated green pea flour (dgpf) and additives like glycerol mono stearate (gms), sodium stearoyl lactylate (ssl) and dry gluten on the rheological characteristics and pasta making quality made from indian triticum aestivum was studied. 5-10% of amaranth seed flour was used in the formulation to enhance the protein and fiber contents of the product. increase in dgpf from 0 to 30% decreased the maximum consistency values from 550 to 513 fu, whereas the mixing tolerance index values dec ...201224293690
efficacy of putrescine and benzyladenine on photosynthesis and productivity in relation to drought tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).an experiment was conducted to find out the efficacy of putrescine and benzyladenine on photosynthesis and productivity in wheat. seeds of wheat genotype hd 2329 (widely adapted under irrigated condition) were grown in ceramic pots under standard package and practices. putrescine (0.1 mm) and benzyladenine (0.05 mm) were sprayed on the aerial portion of these plants at the time of anthesis. after spray, half of the plants were subjected to water stress by withholding irrigation. the non stressed ...201224082495
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