Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [noninvasive methods for early diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale in chronic obstructive respiratory tract diseases]. | 1996 | 2192368 | |
| [psychological prevention of fatigue and functional diseases of the cardiovascular system in pilots by means of autogenic training]. | 1996 | 40066 | |
| separation of c27, c28 and c29 sterols by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on small particles. | the application of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to the analytical- and preparative-scale separation of sterols has been evaluated. the capacity factors, k', for a number of compounds chromatographed on a mubondapak c18 (less than 10 mum) column are presented. c27, c28 and c29 sterols and also sterols differing in degree of unsaturation could be readily separated as their acetates in this system. the present reversed-phase chromatographic method is apparently not as selec ... | 1996 | 173732 |
| raising high density lipoprotein cholesterol. the biochemical pharmacology of reverse cholesterol transport. | 1996 | 2200405 | |
| characterization of nuclear membranes and endoplasmic reticulum isolated from plant tissue. | nuclei, nuclear membranes and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer) were isolated from onion root tips and stems. structural preservation and purity of the fractions was determined by electron microscopic and biochemical methods. gross compositional data (protein, phospholipid, nonpolar lipids, sterols, rna, dna), phospholipid and fatty acid patterns, enzyme activities (atpases, adpase, idpase, glucose-6-phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase, and nadh- and nadph-cytochrome c reductases), an ... | 1996 | 173722 |
| actin-based bacterial motility: towards a definition of the minimal requirements. | at the border line between microbiology and cell biology, the spectacular capacity o f some intracellular bacterial pathogens, including listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri and several rickettsias, to use actin polymerization as a driving force for intracellular movement, cell-to-cell spreading and dissemination within the infected tissue is being increasingly studied. now that it is possible to manipulate the bacterial surface proteins involved in this process - acta o f l. monocytogenes ... | 1996 | 15157487 |
| towards a vaccine candidate against shigella dysenteriae 1: expression of the shiga toxin b-subunit in an attenuated shigella flexneri arod carrier strain. | shiga toxin is considered to be one of the main causes of severe side effects, such as the hemolytic uremic syndrome, of shigellosis. the genetic determinants for a fusion of its b-subunit (stxb), which mediates toxin binding to target cells, with the cooh-terminus of escherichia coli hemolysin a (stx'-'hlya) has been combined with the determinants of the accessory translocator proteins hlyb and hlyd in a notl cassette. this cassette has been integrated via a mini-transposon into a recombinant v ... | 1996 | 8905616 |
| the nadb gene of salmonella typhimurium complements the nicotinic acid auxotrophy of shigella flexneri. | shigella species are characteristically nicotinic acid (na) auxotrophs. the invasive s. flexneri strain m90t, transformed with the multicopy plasmid pzt349 encoding the nadb gene of salmonella typhimurium, can grow in minimal glucose medium without exogenous na, whereas, m90t containing the control vector, puc18 does not, suggesting that this species lacks l-aspartic acid oxidase, the first enzyme in the de novo nad biosynthetic pathway. the estimated growth rate of strain m90t (pzt349) in hela ... | 1996 | 8914524 |
| lipopolysaccharide-specific antibodies in plasma and stools of children with shigella-associated leukemoid reaction and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. | antibody responses to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of shigellae were compared between children with uncomplicated and complicated shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. one hundred fifteen children between 12 and 60 months of age with s. dysenteriae 1 infection were studied. of these children, 42 had complications (leukemoid reaction and/or hemolytic-uremic syndrome [complicated shigellosis] and 73 had no complications (uncomplicated shigellosis). antibodies to the lps of s. dysenteriae 1 and shigell ... | 1996 | 8914761 |
| a shigella flexneri invasion plasmid gene, ipgh, with homology to is629 and sequences encoding bacterial sugar phosphate transport proteins. | sequences representing the 2684 bp flanking the ipah4.5 gene on the invasion plasmid of shigella flexneri 5 indicate an unusual fusion gene, designated ipgh, in which the first 27 amino acids (aa) are identical to orf2 of is629. the aa sequence encoded by the remainder of ipgh bears significant homology to escherichia coli and to salmonella typhimurium glpt and uhpt proteins and to the s. typhimurium pgtp protein, which are involved in the uptake of high-energy sugar phosphates from an external ... | 1996 | 8917071 |
| examination of coumarins, flavonoids and polysaccharopeptide for antibacterial activity. | 1. coumarins, flavonoids and polysaccharopeptide were tested for antibacterial activity. 2. the bacteria used for this study included clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhi, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3. most of the coumarins tested failed to inhibit the bacteria at 25 mg/l. edultin at 128 mg/l inhibited 4 of the 8 p. aeruginosa strains and 1 of the s. aureus strains tested. o-acetylcolumbianetin and imperatorin did not inhibit any isola ... | 1996 | 8981074 |
| variation in salmonella core lipopolysaccharide as detected by the monoclonal antibody m105. | the lipopolysaccharide antigenicity of 22 salmonella strains (representing nine serogroups) and four non-salmonellae enterobacteriaceae to the salmonella genus specific monoclonal antibody m105 was analysed. the monoclonal antibody m105 reacted with all 22 salmonella strains. probing sds-page separated lps molecules with mab m105 revealed that the antibody reacted with the core region of all salmonella serovars. however, no reaction was obtained to the long-chain lps of serovars o (salm. adelaid ... | 1996 | 8987449 |
| construction of a stable and non-resistant bivalent vaccine candidate strain against shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei. | the e. coli cs3 gene coding for cfa/ii antigen was site-specifically integrated into the asd gene locus of s. flexneri 2a vaccine strain t32, resulting in the inactivation of the asd gene. meanwhile, the gene cluster for s. sonnei o antigen was cloned into a non-resistant expression vector pxl378 to construct the plasmid pxl390. by transforming the asd-mutant of the t32 strain with pxl390, the bivalent vaccine candidate strain fs01 against s. flexneri 2a and s. sonnei was finally obtained. exper ... | 1996 | 8988355 |
| antibody response of monkeys to invasion plasmid antigen d after infection with shigella spp. | the antigen preparation most often used for determining the levels of antibodies to virulence-associated proteins of shigella spp. consists of a mixture of proteins (including ipab, ipac, ipad, and virg*) extracted from virulent shigellae with water (water extract). to overcome the lack of specificity for individual antigens in the water-extract enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the ipad gene from s. flexneri has been cloned, expressed to a high level, and purified for use in a new elis ... | 1996 | 8991646 |
| [high percentage of antibiotic resistance in shigella infections in children in curaçao]. | to evaluate antimicrobial treatment and resistance in clinical childhood shigellosis. | 1996 | 9005333 |
| [treatment of flexner's dysentery with ofloxacin]. | twenty four patients with dysentery due to shigella flexneri2a and 1 patient with mixed infection (acute dysentery due to sh.flexneri 2a+group b salmonellosis) were treated with ofloxacin. the patients were divided into 4 groups. in group i ofloxacin was administered intravenously in a dose of 200 mg twice a day followed by its oral use in the form of tablets in a dose of 200 mg twice a day for 5 to 6 days. in group ii ofloxacin was used orally in the form of tablets in a dose of 200 mg once a d ... | 1996 | 9005798 |
| characterization of the stable maintenance of the shigella flexneri plasmid phs-2. | phs-2 is a 3-kb plasmid originally isolated from shigella flexneri infections associated with reactive arthritis in humans. this plasmid is stably maintained in many clinical isolates of shigella flexneri. the nucleotide sequence of this plasmid displays two closely linked regions that may play a role in the maintenance of this plasmid. one region consists of a 250-bp locus showing a significant homology to the cole1 cer site. the results indicate that the cer-like site of phs-2, like the cole1 ... | 1996 | 9007013 |
| induction of tumor necrosis factor and nitric oxide by shigella strains isolated from patients with or without neurologic manifestations. | the pathogenesis of the shigella-associated neurological symptoms is unclear. we examined the potential role of host factors. sonicates of shigella strains isolated from children with and without neurologic disturbances were compared regarding their ability to induce tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and nitric oxide (no) in vitro, in mouse macrophage j744 cell line. the mean concentrations of tnf (14.6 vs. 4.4 ng/ml) and no (7.4 vs. 3.7 microm) induced were higher in response to strains isolated from ... | 1996 | 9007170 |
| presence of stra-strb gene within a streptomycin-resistance operon in a clinical isolate of shigella flexneri. | three aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (ames) were produced by a clinical isolate of shigella flexneri which was resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, kanamycin, sisomicin and streptomycin: acetyltransferase (aac) (3)-ii-type, and phosphotransferase (aph) (3")- and (6)-type enzymes. the aminoglycoside-resistance genes were located on a 75-kb plasmid. two genes, stra-hk and strb-hk, in a transcriptional unit were found to code for streptomycin-resistance. the genetic organization and s ... | 1996 | 9007957 |
| screening of in vitro antibacterial activity from syzygium guineense (willd) hydrosoluble dry extract. | diarrhoea is one of the most important causes of infant mortality in the world. as modern drugs are expensive or unavailable in developing countries, many people use traditional medicines in africa for the treatment of several diseases. in our study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of syzygium guineense extract in order to assess its activity on some bacterial strains involved in diarrhoeal diseases and to justify its use. the aqueous dry extract was prepared by decoction followed by ... | 1996 | 9008903 |
| semiquantitative estimation of shigella antigen-specific antibodies: correlation with disease severity during shigellosis. | systemic and mucosal antibody responses during shigellosis were analysed and correlated with clinical severity. patients infected with shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sdip), and s. flexneri (sfip) were grouped according to disease severity. the disease was more severe in sdip than in sfip. higher levels of shigella antigen-specific serum antibodies were associated with severe disease. in contrast, decreased serum levels of igg, igm and total protein were associated with severe disease. faecal level ... | 1996 | 8920810 |
| safety and immunogenicity of investigational shigella conjugate vaccines in israeli volunteers. | the safety and immunogenicity of investigational conjugates, composed of the o-specific polysaccharides of shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri type 2a covalently bound to pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant exoprotein a (repa), were evaluated in 192 israeli soldiers. none had significant local reactions or fever. fourteen days after injection, 90% of s. sonnei-repa recipients and 73 to 77% of s. flexneri-repa recipients had a fourfold or greater increase in serum immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga ... | 1996 | 8926071 |
| soluble invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac) from shigella flexneri elicits epithelial cell responses related to pathogen invasion. | shigella flexneri invades colonic epithelial cells by pathogen-induced phagocytosis. the three proposed effectors of s. flexneri internalization are invasion plasmid antigens b (ipab), ipac, and ipad, which are encoded on the pathogen's 230-kb virulence plasmid and translocated to the extracellular milieu via the mxi-spa translocon. to date, there are no definitive functional data for any purified ipa protein. here, we describe the first characterization of highly purified recombinant ipac, whic ... | 1996 | 8926086 |
| characterization of espc, a 110-kilodalton protein secreted by enteropathogenic escherichia coli which is homologous to members of the immunoglobulin a protease-like family of secreted proteins. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) secretes at least five proteins. two of these proteins, espa and espb (previously called eaeb), activate signal transduction pathways in host epithelial cells. while the role of the other three proteins (39, 40, and 110 kda) remains undetermined, secretion of all five proteins is under the control of pera, a known positive regulator of several epec virulence factors. on the basis of amino-terminal protein sequence data, we cloned and sequenced the gene wh ... | 1996 | 8932311 |
| in vivo apoptosis in shigella flexneri infections. | shigella flexneri, an etiological agent of bacillary dysentery, causes apoptosis in vitro. here we show that it also induces apoptosis in vivo. we were able to quantify the number of apoptotic cells in rabbit peyer's patches infected with s. flexneri by detecting cells with fragmented dna. infection with virulent s. flexneri results in massive numbers of apoptotic cells within the lymphoid follicles. in contrast, neither an avirulent strain nor an avirulent strain capable of colonizing peyer's p ... | 1996 | 8945588 |
| [expression of s.sonnei form i antigen gene and v.cholerae toxin b subunit gene in s.flexneri 2a strain and investigation of their immunoprotective response in mice]. | the genes encoding s. sonnei form i o antigen and v. cholerae b subunit were cloned into an expression vector containing asd gene of streptococcus mutans by gene recombination. the final recombination plasmid was transformed into the asd mutant of s. flexneri 2a (strain t32). analysis of lps silver staining and western blotting indicated that the genes encoding ct-b and form i o antigen could stably express in the asd mutant t32 strain. immune protection tests in mice showed that the recombinant ... | 1996 | 8950856 |
| [fulminant encephalopathy due to shigella flexneri]. | in some rare cases, shigella flexneri infection may be associated with fulminating encephatopathy. | 1996 | 8952794 |
| serological characterisation of anti-endotoxin sera directed against the conjugates of oligosaccharide core of escherichia coli type r1, r2, r3, j5 and salmonella ra with tetanus toxoid. | the covalent conjugates of oligosaccharide core: escherichia coli type r1, r2, r3, j5 and salmonella ra with tetanus toxoid have been prepared using reaction of reductive amination. the neoglycoconjugates were good immunogens in rabbits yielding a high level of anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies of igg class. the antibodies were used to examine the possibility of their reactions with smooth lipopolysaccharides. we have found that all antisera were able to react with the lipopolysaccharide molecu ... | 1996 | 8954349 |
| cloning, expression, and affinity purification of recombinant shigella flexneri invasion plasmid antigens ipab and ipac. | shigella flexneri and related enteropathogenic bacteria are important agents of bacillary dysentery, a potentially life-threatening illness for children in underdeveloped regions of the world. onset of shigellosis stems from s. flexneri invasion of colonic epithelial cells, leading to localized cell death and inflammation. invasion plasmid antigens (ipa) b, c, and d are three secreted proteins encoded by the large virulence plasmid of s. flexneri that have been implicated as essential effectors ... | 1996 | 8954886 |
| apoptosis as a trigger of inflammation in shigella-induced cell death. | 1996 | 8968510 | |
| a pathogen-specific epitope inserted into recombinant secretory immunoglobulin a is immunogenic by the oral route. | oral administration of rabbit secretory iga (siga) to adult balb/c mice induced iga+, igm+, and igg+ lymphoblasts in the peyer's patches, whose fusion with myeloma cells resulted in hybridomas producing iga, igm, and igg1 antibodies to the secretory component (sc). this suggests that sc could serve as a vector to target protective epitopes into mucosal lymphoid tissue and elicit an immune response. we tested this concept by inserting a shigella flexneri invasin b epitope into sc, which, followin ... | 1996 | 8969237 |
| identification and characterization of phon-sf, a gene on the large plasmid of shigella flexneri 2a encoding a nonspecific phosphatase. | a gene encoding a nonspecific phosphatase, named phon-sf, was identified on the large virulence plasmid (pmysh6000) of shigella flexneri 2a ysh6000. the phosphatase activity in ysh6000 was observed under high-phosphate conditions. however, it was found that low-phosphate conditions induced a slightly higher level of activity. the nucleotide sequence of the phon-sf region cloned from pmysh6000 possessing the phon-sf gene encoded 249 amino acids with a typical signal sequence at the n terminus. th ... | 1996 | 8755883 |
| resection and mutagenesis of the acid ph-inducible p2 promoter of the agrobacterium tumefaciens virg gene. | transcription of the virg gene initiates from two tandem promoters, designated p1 and p2, that are located 50 nucleotides apart. transcription of the p2 promoter is induced by extracellular acidity. cis-acting sites required for p2 activity were identified by constructing and assaying a series of 5' and 3' resections and site-directed nucleotide substitutions. nucleotides between positions -9 and -37 were sufficient for regulated promoter activity. within this region, nucleotide substitutions at ... | 1996 | 8755905 |
| engineered deltaguab-a deltavirg shigella flexneri 2a strain cvd 1205: construction, safety, immunogenicity, and potential efficacy as a mucosal vaccine. | shigella flexneri 2a strain cvd 1204, which was constructed by introducing a specific, in-frame deletion mutation in the guab-a operon, was compared with deltaaroa strain cvd 1201. cvd 1204 was less invasive for hela cells than cvd 1201, whereas following invasion, the abilities of the two mutants to proliferate intracellularly were similarly impaired. the reduction in invasiveness was independent of the guanine auxotrophic phenotype and fully recovered when the chromosomal deletion mutation in ... | 1996 | 8757833 |
| microbiology of hiv associated bacteraemia and diarrhoea in adults from nairobi, kenya. | we undertook a retrospective descriptive comparison of the spectrum of pathogens responsible for bacteraemia and diarrhoea in hiv antibody positive and negative patients over 4 years (1988-92), in nairobi, kenya. the study population was recruited from primary to tertiary centres of clinical care and consisted of 2858 adults (15 years or older). there were 415 significant blood culture isolates, 192 from 1785 hiv negative patients and 223 from 953 hiv positive patients. there were 233 significan ... | 1996 | 8760961 |
| immunomagnetic separation and pcr detection show shigellae to be common faecal agents in children from urban marginal communities of costa rica. | culture and immunomagnetic separation-polymerase chain reaction assays (ims-pcr) were used to isolate and identify shigella flexneri, s. dysenteriae type i and s. sonnei in faeces from 250 children up to 5 years and from their mothers (n = 143) selected at random from a large urban marginal community of costa rica. children hospitalized because of severe diarrhoea (n = 110) were also studied. only s. flexneri, mainly serotype 2a, and s. sonnei were found by culture. all specimens in which shigel ... | 1996 | 8793710 |
| bacterial entry into epithelial cells: the paradigm of shigella. | shigella flexneri is a model for the entry of bacterial pathogens into nonphagocytic epithelial cells. on contact with the epithelial cell surface, the ipa proteins are secreted from the bacterium. the ipa complex then triggers a reorganization of the host-cell cytoskeleton leading to the formation of membrane ruffles, which engulf the bacterium. | 1996 | 8795157 |
| detection of antibodies to shigella lipopolysaccharide in urine after natural shigella infection or vaccination. | the purpose of the present study was to explore the possibility of detecting antibodies to shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide (lps) in urine after infection or vaccination. urinary immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg antibodies and specific iga secretory protein against s. sonnei lps were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), after adjustment for urine concentration. a significant antibody level was defined as one above a cutoff value calculated from the geometric mean + 2 standard d ... | 1996 | 8807212 |
| effect of saccharomyces boulardii against experimental oral infection with salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri in conventional and gnotobiotic mice. | saccharomyces boulardii was shown to be capable of inhibiting multiplication of enteropathogenic bacteria in vitro and is currently used for its anti-diarrhoea properties. we studied the capacity of this yeast to antagonize salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri in the intestinal tract of conventional or gnotobiotic nmri mice. conventional animals were given daily 10 mg doses of s. boulardii, whereas germ-free animals were given a single 10 mg dose. both groups were challenged orally 5 d l ... | 1996 | 8810053 |
| failure of cefotaxime therapy in a child with shigellosis. | 1996 | 8822296 | |
| identification and characterization of ispa, a shigella flexneri chromosomal gene essential for normal in vivo cell division and intracellular spreading. | the virulent phenotype of shigella requires loci on the chromosome as well as on the large virulence plasmid, and is regulated via a complex web of interactions amongst various chromosomal and large plasmid genes. to further investigate the role of chromosomal loci in virulence, we performed random tn10 mutagenesis in shigella flexneri ysh6000t, and isolated an avirulent mutant (v3404) incapable of spreading throughout an epithelial cell monolayer. although v3404 initially spread intercellularly ... | 1996 | 8830250 |
| use of a conformationally restricted secondary structural element to display peptide libraries: a two-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coil stabilized by lactam bridges. | a model for an alpha-helical peptide library based on a lactam bridged stabilized two-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coil is described. sites for library display were incorporated in the middle of the peptide sequence of the most solvent accessible sites of a coiled-coil. a comparison was made between this coiled coil and a native coiled-coil based on the same sequence but lacking the lactam bridges. a lactam bridged peptide where the hydrophobic repeat consisted of all alanine residues, such tha ... | 1996 | 8831793 |
| prevalence of shigellosis in the u.s.: consistency with dose-response information. | every year there are estimated 300000 cases of shigella in the united states (bennett et al., 1987, am. j. prev. med. 3, 102-114). a beta-poisson model was fit to human dose-response information on pathogenic shigella using the maximum likelihood estimation technique (haas, 1983, am. j. epidemiol. 118, 573-582). pooled and separate data sets for the shigella species were fit to the beta-poisson model and 95% confidence limits and regions were calculated. shigella dysentariae and shigella flexner ... | 1996 | 8856376 |
| association of self-limited cytomegalovirus colitis and shigellosis in an immunocompetent patient. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection of the colon has been rarely reported in immunocompetent patients. patients with severe acute illness or disseminated cmv infection have high mortality. in contrast, the patients with local injury of the colon due either to other gastrointestinal infections or to anal intercourse, who are otherwise healthy, usually have self-limited disease. the cmv infection is believed to be the bystander and may be treated conservatively. concomitant cmv colitis and other gastr ... | 1996 | 8864682 |
| evolutionary perspective on a composite shigella flexneri 2a virulence plasmid-borne locus comprising three distinct genetic elements. | nucleotide sequence analysis of a shigella flexneri 2a virulence plasmid-borne locus revealed that it comprised three distinct genetic elements: a stretch of colicin 1a/1b-linked sequence, a truncated is911 element, and a third element containing two orfs that shared a high level of similarity to a salmonella-specific chromosomal sequence. examination of other known is911-like sequences showed that these sequences also were frequently associated with other accessory elements and appeared to be p ... | 1996 | 8870246 |
| a study of the optimum bacteriostatic action of a synthetic medicine on bacteria using a microcalorimetric method. | the growth thermograms of strain 6, 2b, 3b, 5b, 1a, x, and y of shigella flexneri with the inhibitory action of a synthetic medicine were determined by using the 2277 thermal activity monitor. using a microorganism growth model with inhibitory conditions, the specific growth rate (mu) at different concentrations (c) of a synthetic medicine were calculated and the mu approximately c equations were established. from these mu approximately c equations, the concentration of the synthetic medicine wi ... | 1996 | 8877116 |
| specificity of monoclonal antibodies elicited by mucosal infection of balb/c mice with virulent shigella flexneri 2a. | protective immunity against shigellosis is thought to be determined by the o-antigen side chains of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) molecule. to study possible common protective epitopes, monoclonal antibodies reacting with shigella flexneri 2a lps were generated from balb/c mice infected ocularly with the virulent serotype 2a strain s. flexneri 2457t and tested against a panel of s. flexneri lpss by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and immunoblot assays. four monoclonal antibodies were identified, all ... | 1996 | 8877140 |
| construction and characterization of virg (icsa)-deleted escherichia coli k12-shigella flexneri hybrid vaccine strains. | human challenge studies with ecsf2a-2, an arod deletion-attenuated escherichia coli k12-shigella flexneri hybrid vaccine expressing s. flexneri 2a somatic antigen and the invasive phenotype indicated that, at doses of 2 x 10(9) bacteria, ecsf2a-2 was immunogenic but also reactogenic and therefore not sufficiently attenuated. two factors that may contribute to the residual reactogenicity are the spontaneous appearance of plaque-positive variants in the e. coli k12 recipient and the presence of th ... | 1996 | 8879102 |
| cross-reactivity of shigella flexneri serotype 2a o antigen antibodies following immunization or infection. | to study the cross-reactivity pattern of shigella flexneri 2a o-antigen antibodies, sera from humans and monkeys challenged with s. flexneri 2a, and from humans and guinea pigs immunized with a recombinant vaccine expressing serotype 2a o-antigen, were tested against a panel of lipopolysaccharide extracted from heterologous s. flexneri. sera from the two groups of humans, who were volunteers in either a clinical challenge or vaccination study, showed similar patterns: cross-reactivity was more o ... | 1996 | 8879103 |
| treatment of hela cells with bacterial water extracts inhibits shigella flexneri invasion. | pathogenesis mediated by shigella flexneri requires invasion of the gastrointestinal epithelium. it has been previously shown that hela cells challenged with s. flexneri show alterations in their phosphotyrosine-containing protein profile. in this report, we demonstrated that bacterial water extracts (we) abrogated the invasion of hela cells by s. flexneri in a dose-dependent manner. a proteinaceous component of s. flexneri was shown to be responsible for this inhibitory activity. proteins encod ... | 1996 | 8880141 |
| growth of shigella flexneri in foods: comparison of observed and predicted growth kinetics parameters. | shigella causes foodborne gastrointestinal illness; however, little information is available on its ability to grow in foods. commercially available sterile foods (uht milk, beef broth, chicken broth, vegetable broth, meats, vegetables) were inoculated with s. flexneri 5348 and incubated at 12, 15, 19, 28 or 37 degrees c. growth curves were fitted from plate count data by the gompertz equation and exponential growth rates, generation times, lag times and maximum population densities were derived ... | 1996 | 8880330 |
| evaluation of an extended blood culture protocol to isolate fastidious organisms from patients with aids. | recent reports of fastidious pathogens suggest the need for special blood cultures for immunocompromised patients. blood cultures from 45 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with unexplained fever (> or = 38.0 degrees c) and cd4 counts of < 125 cells per mm3 were collected into a vacuum tube with sodium polyanetholsulfonate, an isolator tube, and bactec aerobic and anaerobic bottles. blood from the sodium polyanethosulfonate tube was inoculated into bactec 13a bottles, which wer ... | 1996 | 8880497 |
| identification of sigma s-dependent genes associated with the stationary-phase acid-resistance phenotype of shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri grown to stationary phase has the ability to survive for several hours at ph 2.5. this acid resistance, which may contribute to the low infective dose associated with shigellosis, is dependent upon the expression of the stationary-phase-specific sigma factor sigma s. using random tnphoa and tnlacz mutagenesis we isolated five acid-sensitive mutants of s. flexneri, which had lost their ability to survive at ph 2.5 for 2 h in vitro. each transposon insertion with flanking s. flex ... | 1996 | 8885264 |
| salmonella spp. are cytotoxic for cultured macrophages. | we have shown by a variety of microscopical and biochemical techniques that salmonella spp. are cytotoxic for cultured j774a.1 and bone marrow-derived murine macrophages. the cytotoxicity is initially manifested by inhibition of membrane ruffling and macropinocytosis in infected macrophages, and is followed by cell death. macrophages killed by salmonella spp. exhibited features of apoptosis such as condensation and fragmentation of chromatin, membrane blebbing, and the presence of cytoplasmic nu ... | 1996 | 8885278 |
| risk factors for deaths in under-age-five children attending a diarrhoea treatment centre. | few case-control studies have examined possible risk factors for diarrhoeal deaths in under-age-five children in the developing countries. we analysed data from the surveillance system of our diarrhoea treatment centre/hospital for the period 1990-94 on 928 children less than 5 years of age. in univariate analysis, 11 factors were significantly associated with death: lack of breastfeeding, severe malnutrition, complicated diarrhoea, pneumonia, xerophthalmia, duration of diarrhoea 7-14 days, mode ... | 1996 | 8888920 |
| safety, immunogenicity, and transmissibility in humans of cvd 1203, a live oral shigella flexneri 2a vaccine candidate attenuated by deletions in aroa and virg. | we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of attenuated shigella flexneri 2a vaccine candidate cvd 1203, which harbors precise deletions in the plasmid gene virg and in the chromosomal gene aroa. cvd 1203 invades epithelial cells but undergoes minimal intracellular proliferation and cell-to-cell spread. fasting healthy volunteers, aged 18 to 40 years, were randomly allocated (double-blind design) to receive either cvd 1203 vaccine or placebo, along with sodium bicarbonate buffer, on days 0 and ... | 1996 | 8890204 |
| enteropathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in italy. the italian study group on gastrointestinal infections. | infectious diarrheal diseases remain an important cause of childhood morbidity in industrialized countries. the knowledge of the etiology and epidemiology of childhood diarrhea in a given area is needed to plan any measure designed to prevent or ameliorate diarrheal illness and to develop practice guidelines for the most appropriate stool examination procedures. | 1996 | 8895919 |
| processing of the aida-i precursor: removal of aidac and evidence for the outer membrane anchoring as a beta-barrel structure. | the aida-i adhesin known to be responsible for the diffuse adherence (da) phenotype of the diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli (daec) strain 2787 has been shown previously to be synthesized as a precursor protein and to undergo additional c-terminal processing. here, the c-terminal processing of the aida-i precursor and the outer membrane topology of the cleaved c-terminal fragment, aidac, were investigated. by isolation of the cleaved aidac fragment and n-terminal sequencing, the c-terminal cleavag ... | 1996 | 8899706 |
| effect of o side-chain length and composition on the virulence of shigella flexneri 2a. | icsa of shigella flexneri is required for intercellular spread and is located in the outer membrane at one pole of the bacterium, where it catalyses the polymerization of host-cell actin. the formation of the a tin tail provides the force to move the bacterium in a unidirectional manner through the host-cell cytoplasm. we have previously demonstrated that rough lipopolysaccharide (lps) mutants of s. flexneri 2a are avirulent and cannot form plaques in tissue-culture monolayers. this inability to ... | 1996 | 8899709 |
| [bacterial dysentery in 1994]. | 1996 | 8711142 | |
| [detection of resistance to the amoxicillin-clavulamic acid combination in salmonella and shigella]. | to study the emergence of amoxicilline/clavulanate resistance in salmonella and shigella. | 1996 | 8714185 |
| clinical trials of shigella vaccines in israel. | 1996 | 8718595 | |
| stool cultures for shigella spp: improved specificity by using macconkey agar with xylose. | a total of 678 stool specimens were cultured on four different agars: on xylose-lysine-desoxycholate agar (xld), macconkey agar (mac), macconkey agar supplemented with xylose (mac-x), and hektoen enteric agar (he). isolation rates for shigellae were 77% on he, 86% on mac and mac-x, and 91% on xld. the specificities of the media were 61% for mac, 75% for he, and 78% for xld and mac-x. after overnight incubation, mac-x is much easier to read than xld, which requires incubation for at least 22 hour ... | 1996 | 8724396 |
| analysis of epithelial cell stress response during infection by shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri-infected macrophage cells undergo an apoptotic-like death as early as one hour after infection (a. zychlinsky, m. c. prévost, and p. j. sansonetti, nature [london] 358:167-168, 1992). to determine the fate of infected epithelial cells, we characterized the viability, morphology, and several metabolic activities of hela cells after treatment with m90t, an invoffve isolate of s. flexneri serotype 5, or bs176, a noninvasive isolate cured of the 220-kb virulence plasmid. using stan ... | 1996 | 8698469 |
| infection of rabbit peyer's patches by shigella flexneri: effect of adhesive or invasive bacterial phenotypes on follicle-associated epithelium. | in order to invade the colonic mucosa, the bacterial pathogen shigella flexneri must find a site of entry. experiments with the rabbit ligated intestinal loop model described here confirm that m cells of the follicle-associated epithelium (fae) that covers lymphoid structures of the peyer's patches represent a major site of entry for invasive microorganisms. in addition, in an isogenic shigella background, expression of an adhesive phenotype, or of an invasive phenotype, is required for bacteria ... | 1996 | 8698505 |
| pathologic study of a rabbit model for shigellosis. | a nonsurgical rabbit model of enteric shigella infection was developed for studying the pathogenesis and immunology of shigellosis and for evaluating shigella vaccine candidates. in this model, rabbits are made susceptible to shigella infection by a pre-inoculation conditioning procedure consisting of a 36-h nonfeeding period, with 250 mg of tetracycline administered in 250 ml of drinking water, 75 mg of cimetidine given intravenously, and two 15-ml doses of 5% sodium bicarbonate given orally im ... | 1996 | 8699822 |
| convulsions in childhood shigellosis and antimicrobial resistance patterns of shigella isolates. | drug resistance patterns of 68 shigella strains were investigated prospectively in kayseri during a period of approximately two years. the resistance was highest with ampicillin (58.8%) followed by co-trimoxazole (50%) and ampicillin-sulbactam (13%). only 2.8 percent of cases were resistant to gentamicin, and all serogroups were sensitive to ceftriaxone. we conclude that in children with severe shigellosis, treatment with ceftriaxone is effective and better than ampicillin and co-trimoxazole for ... | 1996 | 8701482 |
| functional analysis of shigella virg domains essential for interaction with vinculin and actin-based motility. | the virg (icsa) protein of shigella is required for recruitment of host actin filament (f-actin) by intracellularly motile bacteria. an n-terminal 80-kda virg portion (alpha-domain) is exposed on the bacterial surface, while the following c-terminal 37-kda portion (beta-core) is embedded in the outer membrane. here, we report that the surface exposed alpha-domain of virg possesses two distinct functional domains; one is the n-terminal two-thirds portion of the alpha-domain which is required for ... | 1996 | 8702989 |
| survival of shigella flexneri in artificial aquatic environment: effects of different physicochemical stress factors. | survival of bacteria in aquatic environment is influenced by the prevailing physicochemical characteristics of water. a study was carried out to assess the effects of temperature, ph, and salinity of water on the survival of shigella flexneri in laboratory microcosms. survival of s. flexneri was assessed by viable counts of shigella on macconkey agar plates. at ph 7.0 and temperature of 4 degrees c, s. flexneri survived longer in 0.5% salinity than in salt-free distilled water, while at ph 7.0 a ... | 1996 | 8708331 |
| a spontaneous 99-kb chromosomal deletion results in multi-antibiotic susceptibility and an attenuation of contact haemolysis in shigella flexneri 2a. | a tn5-generated mutant (strain s2430) of shigella flexneri 2a (strain ysh6000) exhibited attenuated virulence and, in addition to the tn5 insertion in the sali k fragment of its virulence plasmid, had a 99-kb deletion within its chromosome. unlike its wild-type parent, strain s2430 was susceptible to ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. an independent multi-antibiotic susceptible variant of strain ysh6000 had a similar deletion. southern blot analysis of pulsed field elect ... | 1996 | 8667415 |
| a bacterial invasin induces macrophage apoptosis by binding directly to ice. | shigella, the etiological agent of dysentery, kills macrophages by inducing apoptosis. deletion mutants in the invasion invasion plasmid antigen b (ipab) of shigella flexneri are not cytotoxic. here, we localized ipab to the cytoplasm of macrophages infected with s. flexneri. purified ipab induced apoptosis when microinjected into macrophages, indicating that ipab is sufficient to induce apoptosis. using a gst-ipab fusion protein as a ligand in affinity purification, we isolated four ipab bindin ... | 1996 | 8670890 |
| detection and characterization of the flagellar master operon in the four shigella subgroups. | strains in the genus shigella are nonmotile, but they retain some cryptic flagellar operons whether functional or defective (a.tominaga, m. a.-h. mahmoud, t. mukaihara, and m. enomoto, mol. microbiol. 12:277-285, 1994). to disclose the cause of motility loss in shigellae, the presence or defectiveness of the flhd and flhc genes, composing the master operon whose mutation causes inactivation of the entire flagellar regulon, was examined in the four shigella subgroups. the flhd operon cloned from ... | 1996 | 8682772 |
| a glutamate-dependent acid resistance gene in escherichia coli. | stationary-phase cultures of escherichia coli can survive several hours or exposure to extreme acid (ph 2 to 3), a level well below the ph range for growth (ph 4.5 to 9). to identify the genes needed for survival in extreme acid, a microliter screening procedure was devised. colonies from a tn10 transposon pool in e. coli mc4100 were inoculated into buffered luria broth, ph 7.0, in microtiter wells, grown overnight, and then diluted in luria broth, ph 2.5, at 37 degrees c for 2 h. from 3,000 iso ... | 1996 | 8682809 |
| induction of nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages by shiga toxin. | host mediators play an important role in the pathogenesis of shigellosis and shiga toxin toxicity. nitric oxide (no) production in mouse peritoneal macrophages and in the macrophage j744 cell line in response to purified shiga toxin and lipopolysaccharide (lps) from shigella flexneri were studied. shiga toxin induced no production in a dose-dependent manner up to 800 ng/ml. detectable levels of no were present as early as 4 h after induction and continued to increase during 72 h; shiga toxin ind ... | 1996 | 8683558 |
| antibiotic resistance of shigella in monrovia. | twenty shigella strains were isolated from bloody stools, of which 10 had been collected from children. eighty per cent of the shigella isolates were serogrouped as s. flexneri. all 20 shigella strains were susceptible to gentamicin, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. more than 80% were resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and tetracycline and 65% were resistant to chloramphenicol. ten of 20 shigella isolates showed a quadruple resistance to all four antibiotics. the usefulness of nalidixic aci ... | 1996 | 8685970 |
| induction of adherence and degranulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes: a new expression of the invasive phenotype of shigella flexneri. | in the present study, the ability of shigella flexneri to activate polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) was examined. the invasive serotype 5 strain m90t induced strong pmn adherence, which was dependent on both the multiplicity of infection and the duration of incubation. when tested under the same experimental conditions, the noninvasive strain bs176 (cured of the 220-kb virulence plasmid) was less efficient. indeed, incubation of pmn for 2 h with either m90t or bs176 (multiplicity of infection ... | 1996 | 8641772 |
| interaction of ipa proteins of shigella flexneri with alpha5beta1 integrin promotes entry of the bacteria into mammalian cells. | shigella is a genus of highly adapted bacterial pathogens that cause bacillary dysentery in humans. bacteria reaching the colon invade intestinal epithelial cells by a process of bacterial-directed endocytosis mediated by the ipa proteins: ipab, ipac, and ipad of shigella. the invasion of epithelial cells is thought to be a receptor-mediated phenomenon, although the cellular components of the host that interact with the ipa proteins have not yet been identified. we report here that in a shigella ... | 1996 | 8642302 |
| a klebsiella pneumoniae strain that shares a type-specific antigen with shigella flexneri serotype 6. characterization of the strain and strain and structural studies of the o-antigenic polysaccharide. | a strain of klebsiella pneumoniae was found as the only isolate with pathogenic potential from the stool of a two-year old patient with diarrhoea. a strong serological cross-reactivity with shigella flexneri serotype 6 was demonstrated. the cross-reacting antigens were shown to reside in the cell wall lipopoly-saccharide. studies of the pathogenic potential of the klebsiella strain showed low level of invasion of hep-2 cells. however, tests for adherence to hep-2 cells as well as tests for toxin ... | 1996 | 8647126 |
| dissociation between cytokine mrna expression and protein production in shigellosis. | in our study, infection with shigella dysenteriae type 1 (n = 16) or shigella flexneri in adults (n = 5) was associated with a gradual accumulation of mrna for interleukin (il)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, il-6, transforming growth factor-beta, il-10, il-4, tnf-beta, interferon (ifn)-gamma and perforin in the rectal biopsy samples during the convalescent stage of the disease demonstrated by in situ hybridization. in contrast, immunohistochemical staining in rectal tissues of cytoki ... | 1996 | 8647178 |
| osa protein encoded by plasmid psa is located at the inner membrane but does not inhibit membrane association of virb and vird virulence proteins in agrobacterium tumefaciens. | the osa gene of incw plasmid psa encodes a 21-kda protein that completely abolishes the oncogenic activity encoded by virulence genes in agrobacterium tumefaciens. osa is the last gene of a four-gene operon in psa, the expression of which appears to be highly regulated since the osa protein is absent when either psa or the osa operon is present in the agrobacterium cell. when the osa gene alone or together with upstream genes within the operon are expressed under the control of a constitutive pr ... | 1996 | 8598281 |
| surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--united states, 1993-1994. | since 1971, cdc and the u.s. environmental protection agency have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data that relate to occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (wbdos). | 1996 | 8600346 |
| recognition of two classes of oligoproline sequences in profilin-mediated acceleration of actin-based shigella motility. | the gram negative rod shigella flexneri uses it surface protein icsa to induce host cell actin assembly and to achieve intracellular motility. yet, the icsa protein lacks the oligoproline sequences found in acta, the surface protein required for locomotion of the gram positive rod listeria monocytogenes. microinjection of a peptide matching the second acta oligoproline repeat (fefpppptde) stops listeria locomotion (southwick, f.s., and d.l. purich. 1994a. proc. natl. acad. sci. usa. 91:5168-5172 ... | 1996 | 8601612 |
| comparative microbicidal activity of synovial fluid on arthritogenic organisms. | there is strong circumstantial evidence to support the concept that local microbial antigens play a key role in the synovitis of reactive arthritis (rea) patients. it is not at all clear whether these antigens reflect the sequelae of previously viable organisms once resident in the joint. to address the microbicidal activity of synovial fluid (sf) we performed quantitative cultures of arthritogenic organisms (salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, klebsiella pneumoniae) and controls (escheri ... | 1996 | 8603538 |
| induction of a local anti-ipac antibody response in mice by use of a shigella flexneri 2a vaccine candidate: implications for use of ipac as a protein carrier. | the capacity of shigella flexneri to act as a delivery system for stimulation of local immunity was investigated by use of an s. flexneri 2a vaccine candidate (sc602). this vaccine strain was constructed by deletion of virulence genes responsible for dissemination (icsa) and survival (iuc:iut) of bacteria within the colonic mucosa. among the most immunogenic s. flexneri 2a proteins inducing a local immunoglobulin a antibody response, the ipac invasion was selected as a potential protein carrier. ... | 1996 | 8606077 |
| changes in the peripheral blood t-cell receptor v beta repertoire in vivo and in vitro during shigellosis. | a sequential activation of t cells in peripheral blood during shigello sis has been observer (d. islam, p.k. bradham, a. a. lindberg, and b. christensson, infect. immun 63:2941-2949, 1995). to further investigate the cellular response during the course of shigella infection, changes in the t-cell receptor (tcr) repertoire in the subsets in blood in patients during shigellosis was that shigella antigens may modulate the function of t cells carrying tcrs capable of recognizing shigella-specific ep ... | 1996 | 8606106 |
| an o-antigen processing function for wzx (rfbx): a promising candidate for o-unit flippase. | o antigen is the major cell surface antigen of gram-negative bacteria, and the genes responsible for its synthesis are located in a single gene cluster. the wzx (rbfx) gene, which is characteristic of the major class of o-antigen gene clusters, encodes a hydrophobic protein with 12 potential transmembrane segments. we demonstrate that a wzx mutant accumulates undecaprenol pyrophosphate-linked o units which appear to be on the cytoplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane, suggesting that the wzx ... | 1996 | 8606190 |
| usefulness of ribotyping in a molecular epidemiology study of shigellosis. | ribotyping performed with six restriction endonucleases was used to study the molecular epidemiology of shigellosis in asturias, spain. the series included shigella sonnei from 34 sporadic cases, 3 outbreaks and 3 reference strains, and s. flexneri from sporadic cases and 1 reference strain. the s. sonnei strains were grouped into 5 ribotypes with sal i, 4 with hind iii and pvu ii, 3 with bgl ii and ecor i and 2 with hinc ii (discriminatory index (di) between 0.54 and 0.14); the s. flexneri into ... | 1996 | 8620903 |
| the secreted ipa complex of shigella flexneri promotes entry into mammalian cells. | the bacterial pathogen shigella flexneri causes bacillary dysentery in humans by invading coloncytes. upon contact with epithelial cells, s. flexneri elicits localized plasma membrane projections sustained by long actin filaments which engulf the microorganism. the products necessary for shigella entry include three secretory proteins: ipab, ipac, and ipad. extracellular ipab and ipac associate in a soluble complex, the ipa complex. we have immunopurified this ipa complex on latex beads and foun ... | 1996 | 8577750 |
| further characterization of delta aroa delta virg shigella flexneri 2a strain cvd 1203 as a mucosal shigella vaccine and as a live-vector vaccine for delivering antigens of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | the use of attenuated delta aroa delta virg shigella flexneri 2a strain cvd 1203 as a live vector for enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) antigens is reported. cvd 1203 alone or expressing colonization factor antigen fimbriae and cs3 fibrillae of etec was given to guinea pigs and mice, orogastrically (o.g.) or intranasally (i.n.). cvd 1203 given i.n. elicited high titers of antilipopolysaccharide (anti-lps) immunoglobulin a (iga) and was protective in guinea pigs against a homologous conjunc ... | 1996 | 8557344 |
| detection and characterization by differential pcr of host eukaryotic cell genes differentially transcribed following uptake of intracellular bacteria. | host eukaryotic cell genes that are differentially transcribed after phagocytosis of various pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacterial cells were identified by a differential pcr (dpcr) system. this dpcr procedure favors detection and isolation of host genes affected at the transcriptional level by selecting for poly(a) tails but differs substantially from reverse transcription-pcr. several unidentified macrophage gene fragments from genes that were either transcriptionally activated or downregulat ... | 1996 | 8557379 |
| [the enterosorption treatment of patients with acute intestinal infections and chronic colitis with diarrhea]. | a total of 234 patients with acute intestinal infections (aii) and chronic colitis presenting with diarrhoea were examined. in an acute phase of aii induced by conditionally pathogenic flora, salmonellae and shigellae, as well as in exacerbation of chronic colitis, blood aggregability appears to be on the increase, with the ability of erythrocytes to deformation getting worse. in rectal mucosa hemodynamic disorders are common, manifested by decrease in pulse blood filling, rate of bloodflow pred ... | 1996 | 9072235 |
| [bacterial antigenic structure of shigella flexneri serotype 1b and its 3b serotype mutant and susceptibility to bacterial action of complement in normal bovine serum]. | the susceptibility of s. flexneri 1b and 3b strains to killing action of serum was investigated. differences in sensitivity to bactericidal action of complement appeared to result from different structure of their lps-es. the protective effect of lps-es depends both on their origin and concentration. | 1996 | 9072769 |
| [the pathogenetic and clinico-diagnostic significance of changes in leukocyte migration activity in patients with shigellosis and salmonellosis]. | the peripheral blood leukocyte migration activity (lma) was studied in 134 acute dysentery patients and 129 salmonellosis patients by using the in vitro screening assay of cell migration (sacm) from microcultures, stimulated with lps antigens from a number of enteric pathogens. at the acute period of the disease (days 1-5) in the greater part of the patients (80-90%) the specific acceleration of lma, later followed by its inhibition, was registered in the presence of the pronounced intoxication ... | 1996 | 9027172 |
| [the epidemiological characteristics of sonne and flexner dysentery in st. petersburg in 1953-1994]. | in connection with the growth of mortality in flexner's dysentery observed since 1991 and a rise in morbidity in this infection since 1993 the data on the registered cases of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei infections in st. petersburg for the period of 1953-1994 were analyzed. in the 60-80s the specific features of the epidemic process was determined by s. sonnei infection which constituted up to 90% of all documented cases of dysentery. flexner's dysentery lost the character of a mass ep ... | 1996 | 9027176 |
| [cases of gastroenteritis associated to vibrio cholerae no 01 in oran, salta]. | forty-one sporadic cases of non-o group 1 vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis were detected in orán, salta, between february 1992 and february 1995. the frequency of isolation was 0.9% of the diarrhea cases. out of 41 patients, 21 (51.2%) were older than 15 years and 25 (60.9%) were male. all the patients had diarrhea, 24 (58.5%) had watery stools and 6 (14.6%) cholera-like diarrhea; 10 (24.4%) presented vomiting and 12 (29%) mild dehydration. six malnourished children who suffered from diarrhea wit ... | 1996 | 9102658 |
| [the biological characteristics of shigella flexneri strains circulating in saint petersburg in 1992-1994]. | s.flexneri 2a strains isolated in 1992-1994 from 371 patients in sporadic cases, from 90 patients and their contacts in cases of group diseases and from 71 lethal cases of flexner's dysentery, were studied in comparison with strains isolated in 1980s. the study revealed the biological heterogeneity of s.flexneri 2a strains. the circulation of 3 enzymatic variants and 11 variants differing in their sensitivity to colicins from frederick's collection was established. the overwhelming majority of s ... | 1996 | 9103073 |
| changing patterns of the prevalence of different shigella species and their antibiotic susceptibilities in ankara, turkey. | shigella flexneri was the most common shigella serogroup isolated in turkey. recently, an increase in the number of shigella sonnei isolates was noticed. a retrospective analysis of 2,710 isolates, obtained from stools of turkish children between january 1980 and september 1994, revealed that, between 1980 and 1987, s. flexneri was the most common subgroup. the isolation rate of s. sonneri increased steadily from 1987 to 1994 reaching to a peak of 78% of all isolates in 1991. the antibiotic susc ... | 1996 | 9019012 |
| identification of a shigella flexneri crir gene increasing ipa genes expression: a novel member of response regulators of the two-component signal transduction family. | a genetic locus named cri, which enhanced the expression of ipa genes, was cloned into escherichia coli k-12 from shigella flexneri 1b chromosomal dna. subcloning and tn5-tc1 transposon experiments showed that cri locus was located on a 2.6-kb hindiii fragment. nucleotide sequence analysis of the region revealed at least three open reading frames (orf), one of which, named crir, encoded a protein of 226 amino-acid residues and transcriptionally increased the ipab expression. the deduced regulato ... | 1996 | 9095416 |
| [rhabdomyolysis during shigella flexneri shigellosis]. | 1996 | 9139203 | |
| development of resistance in shigella flexneri isolates obtained in the past 20 years in eastern romania. | our study is focused on the antimicrobial activity for a number of 626 shigella flexneri strains collected from epidemic outbreaks and hospitalised patients during 1976-1995 period, in eastern romania. the metodology used for determining the in vitro activity of the antimicrobials was that described by nccls. the agents which are currently used in therapy (ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol) are less active than the newer drugs (third generation cephalosporins, aztreonam, imipenem, ciprof ... | 1996 | 9256026 |