Publications

antimicrobial activity of preparation bioaron c.	the antimicrobial activity of sirupus bioaron c, a preparation, whose main ingredient is an extract from the leaves of aloe arborescens, was tested against different microorganisms isolated from patients with upper respiratory tract infections. the experiments were performed on 40 strains: 20 strains of anaerobic bacteria, 13 strains of aerobic bacteria and 7 strains of yeast-like fungi from the genus candida and on 18 reference strains (atcc). the antimicrobial activity of bioaron c (mbc and mf ...	2014	25362808
molecular analysis of low-level fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis.	we investigated antimicrobial susceptibility and the molecular mechanism underlying low-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in 70 non-duplicate clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis. the isolates were collected in a general hospital in tokyo, japan, between january and october 2013 from 38 men and 32 women; most of the isolates (48 out of 70, 68.5%) were obtained from post-nasal drips of children. the antimicrobial susceptibility of m. catarrhalis isolates was determined with an etest, and ...	2014	24850882
ceftaroline activity against organisms isolated from respiratory tract infections in usa hospitals: results from the aware program, 2009-2011.	the assessing worldwide antimicrobial resistance evaluation program monitors the activity of ceftaroline and comparator agents tested against pathogens causing either respiratory or skin and soft tissue infections. a total of 7733 isolates from patients in 80 medical centers across the united states (usa) identified as respiratory tract pathogens by the infection type and/or specimen site recorded by the submitting laboratory during 2009-2011 were evaluated. there were 3360 isolates of streptoco ...	2014	24582578
hira-tan: a real-time pcr-based system for the rapid identification of causative agents in pneumonia.	identification of the causative pathogen(s) of pneumonia would allow the selection of effective antibiotics and thus reduce the mortality rate and the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens. to identify such pathogens and to obtain these benefits, it is necessary that a clinical test is rapid, accurate, easily performed, and cost-effective. here, we devised a pcr-based test, named hira-tan, which is able to discriminate therapeutic targets from commensal organisms (e.g. streptococcus pneumoniae o ...	2014	24411834
activity of the antiseptic polyhexanide against gram-negative bacteria.	the activity of the antiseptic polyhexanide was tested against 250 gram-negative clinical isolates, that is, 50 isolates each of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, moraxella catarrhalis, and haemophilus influenzae. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) were determined by using a serial broth microdilution technique according to din 58940. time-kill studies were performed for reference stains e. coli atcc 25922, k. pn ...	2014	24192397
airway microbiome dynamics in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	specific bacterial species are implicated in the pathogenesis of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). however, recent studies of clinically stable copd patients have demonstrated a greater diversity of airway microbiota, whose role in acute exacerbations is unclear. in this study, temporal changes in the airway microbiome before, at the onset of, and after an acute exacerbation were examined in 60 sputum samples collected from subjects enrolled in a longitudinal study o ...	2014	24850358
dithiolopyrrolones: biosynthesis, synthesis, and activity of a unique class of disulfide-containing antibiotics.	covering: up to 2014. dithiolopyrrolone (dtp) group antibiotics were first isolated in the early half of the 20th century, but only recently has research been reawakened by insights gained from the synthesis and biosynthesis of this structurally intriguing class of molecules. dtps are characterized by an electronically unique bicyclic structure, which contains a compact disulfide bridge between two ene-thiols. points of diversity within the compound class occur outside of the bicyclic core, at t ...	2014	24835149
impetigo - review.	impetigo is a common cutaneous infection that is especially prevalent in children. historically, impetigo is caused by either group a β-hemolytic streptococci or staphylococcus aureus. currently, the most frequently isolated pathogen is s. aureus. this article discusses the microbiologic and virulence factors of group a β-hemolytic streptococci and staphylococcus aureus, clinical characteristics, complications, as well as the approach to diagnosis and management of impetigo. topical agents for i ...	2014	24770507
pleiotropic role of the rna chaperone protein hfq in the human pathogen clostridium difficile.	clostridium difficile is an emergent human pathogen and the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea. our recent data strongly suggest the importance of rna-based mechanisms for the control of gene expression in c. difficile. in an effort to understand the function of the rna chaperone protein hfq, we constructed and characterized an hfq-depleted strain in c. difficile. hfq depletion led to a growth defect, morphological changes, an increased sensitivity to stresses, and a better ability to spor ...	2014	24982306
real-time pcr taqman assay for rapid screening of bloodstream infection.	sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity. the rapid detection of pathogens in blood of septic patients is essential for adequate antimicrobial therapy and better prognosis. this study aimed to accelerate the detection and discrimination of gram-positive (gp) and gram-negative (gn) bacteria and candida species in blood culture samples by molecular methods.	2014	24393579
moraxella catarrhalis expresses a cardiolipin synthase that impacts adherence to human epithelial cells.	the major phospholipid constituents of moraxella catarrhalis membranes are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cardiolipin (cl). however, very little is known regarding the synthesis and function of these phospholipids in m. catarrhalis. in this study, we discovered that m. catarrhalis expresses a cardiolipin synthase (cls), termed mcls, that is responsible for the synthesis of cl within the bacterium. the nucleotide sequence of mcls is highly conserved among m. catarrhalis isola ...	2014	24142255
antibiotic drugs targeting bacterial rnas.	rnas have diverse structures that include bulges and internal loops able to form tertiary contacts or serve as ligand binding sites. the recent increase in structural and functional information related to rnas has put them in the limelight as a drug target for small molecule therapy. in addition, the recognition of the marked difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic rrna has led to the development of antibiotics that specifically target bacterial rrna, reduce protein translation and thereby ...	2014	26579393
the role of a novel auxiliary pocket in bacterial phenylalanyl-trna synthetase druggability.	the antimicrobial activity of phenyl-thiazolylurea-sulfonamides against staphylococcus aureus phers are dependent upon phenylalanine levels in the extracellular fluids. inhibitor efficacy in animal models of infection is substantially diminished by dietary phenylalanine intake, thereby reducing the perceived clinical utility of this inhibitor class. the search for novel antibacterial compounds against gram-negative pathogens led to a re-evaluation of this phenomenon, which is shown here to be un ...	2014	24936059
transcription inhibition by the depsipeptide antibiotic salinamide a.	we report that bacterial rna polymerase (rnap) is the functional cellular target of the depsipeptide antibiotic salinamide a (sal), and we report that sal inhibits rnap through a novel binding site and mechanism. we show that sal inhibits rna synthesis in cells and that mutations that confer sal-resistance map to rnap genes. we show that sal interacts with the rnap active-center 'bridge-helix cap' comprising the 'bridge-helix n-terminal hinge', 'f-loop', and 'link region'. we show that sal inhib ...	2014	24843001
rational design of broad spectrum antibacterial activity based on a clinically relevant enoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) reductase inhibitor.	determining the molecular basis for target selectivity is of particular importance in drug discovery. the ideal antibiotic should be active against a broad spectrum of pathogenic organisms with a minimal effect on human targets. cg400549, a staphylococcus-specific 2-pyridone compound that inhibits the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (fabi), has recently been shown to possess human efficacy for the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections, which constitute a seriou ...	2014	24739388
gsk3β and the control of infectious bacterial diseases.	glycogen synthase kinase 3β (gsk3β) has been shown to be a crucial mediator of the intensity and direction of the innate immune system response to bacterial stimuli. this review focuses on: (i) the central role of gsk3β in the regulation of pathogen-induced inflammatory responses through the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, (ii) the extensive ongoing efforts to exploit gsk3β for its therapeutic potential in the control of infectious diseases, and (iii) the increasing ...	2014	24618402
a moraxella catarrhalis two-component signal transduction system necessary for growth in liquid media affects production of two lysozyme inhibitors.	there are a paucity of data concerning gene products that could contribute to the ability of moraxella catarrhalis to colonize the human nasopharynx. inactivation of a gene (mesr) encoding a predicted response regulator of a two-component signal transduction system in m. catarrhalis yielded a mutant unable to grow in liquid media. this mesr mutant also exhibited increased sensitivity to certain stressors, including polymyxin b, sds, and hydrogen peroxide. inactivation of the gene (mess) encoding ...	2014	25312959
a moraxella catarrhalis two-component signal transduction system necessary for growth in liquid media affects production of two lysozyme inhibitors.	there are a paucity of data concerning gene products that could contribute to the ability of moraxella catarrhalis to colonize the human nasopharynx. inactivation of a gene (mesr) encoding a predicted response regulator of a two-component signal transduction system in m. catarrhalis yielded a mutant unable to grow in liquid media. this mesr mutant also exhibited increased sensitivity to certain stressors, including polymyxin b, sds, and hydrogen peroxide. inactivation of the gene (mess) encoding ...	2014	25312959
uptake of helicobacter pylori vesicles is facilitated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytic pathways.	bacteria shed a diverse set of outer membrane vesicles that function as transport vehicles to deliver effector molecules and virulence factors to host cells. helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that infects half of the world's population, and in some individuals the infection progresses into peptic ulcer disease or gastric cancer. here we report that intact vesicles from h. pylori are internalized by clathrin-dependent endocytosis and further dynamin-dependent processes, as well as in a ch ...	2014	24846379
population pharmacokinetic analyses for bc-3781 using phase 2 data from patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.	bc-3781, a pleuromutilin antimicrobial agent, is being developed for the treatment of patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssi) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. data from a phase 2 study of patients with absssi were used to refine a previous population pharmacokinetic (pk) model and explore potential predictors of pk variability. the previously derived population pk model based on data from three phase 1 studies was applied to sparse sampling data from ...	2014	25348519
population pharmacokinetic analyses for bc-3781 using phase 2 data from patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.	bc-3781, a pleuromutilin antimicrobial agent, is being developed for the treatment of patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssi) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. data from a phase 2 study of patients with absssi were used to refine a previous population pharmacokinetic (pk) model and explore potential predictors of pk variability. the previously derived population pk model based on data from three phase 1 studies was applied to sparse sampling data from ...	2014	25348519
first report on prevalence and risk factors of severe atypical pneumonia in vietnamese children aged 1-15 years.	atypical pathogens such as mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila are increasingly recognized as important causes of community acquired pneumonia (cap) worldwide. such etiological data for vietnam is scarce and clinical doctors lack accurate information on which to base their diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia. this study identifies the prevalence and risk factors of severe community acquired pneumonia due to these atypical pathogens (severe-apcap) in child ...	2014	25524126
detection of pneumonia associated pathogens using a prototype multiplexed pneumonia test in hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia.	severe pneumonia remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been shown to be more sensitive than current standard microbiological methods--particularly in patients with prior antibiotic treatment--and therefore, may improve the accuracy of microbiological diagnosis for hospitalized patients with pneumonia. conventional detection techniques and multiplex pcr for 14 typical bacterial pneumonia-associated pathogens were performed on respiratory sample ...	2014	25397673
validation of sputum gram stain for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia: a prospective observational study.	the usefulness of sputum gram stain in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is controversial. there has been no study to evaluate the diagnostic value of this method in patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia (hcap). the purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of sputum gram stain in etiological diagnosis and pathogen-targeted antibiotic treatment of cap and hcap.	2014	25326650
relationship between the gold combined copd assessment staging system and bacterial isolation.	acute exacerbations, which are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, adversely affect chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) prognosis by accelerating loss of lung function. it is important to know the microorganisms that commonly cause exacerbations in the patient groups classified according to clinical and functional characteristics for fast and accurate treatment of acute exacerbations.	2014	25298733
the role of multiplex pcr test in identification of bacterial pathogens in lower respiratory tract infections.	lower respiratory tract infection is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality. however establishing a microbial diagnosis for patients with lower respiratory tract infection is still challenging and is often achieved in only half of cases by conventional methods. this study was designed to compare the fast responsive pcr method with the culture method in lower respiratory tract infections and to evaluate the reliability of multiplex pcr method.	2014	25225517
evaluation of the kinetics and mechanism of action of anti-integration host factor-mediated disruption of bacterial biofilms.	the extracellular polymeric substance produced by many human pathogens during biofilm formation often contains extracellular dna (edna). strands of bacterial edna within the biofilm matrix can occur in a lattice-like network wherein a member of the dnabii family of dna-binding proteins is positioned at the vertex of each crossed strand. to date, treatment of all biofilms tested with antibodies directed against one dnabii protein, integration host factor (ihf), results in significant disruption. ...	2014	25069521
inflammatory response in mixed viral-bacterial community-acquired pneumonia.	the role of mixed pneumonia (virus+bacteria) in community-acquired pneumonia (cap) has been described in recent years. however, it is not known whether the systemic inflammatory profile is different compared to monomicrobial cap. we wanted to investigate this profile of mixed viral-bacterial infection and to compare it to monomicrobial bacterial or viral cap.	2014	25073709
evaluation of curetis unyvero, a multiplex pcr-based testing system, for rapid detection of bacteria and antibiotic resistance and impact of the assay on management of severe nosocomial pneumonia.	health care-associated pneumonia due to multidrug-resistant organisms represents a major therapeutic challenge. unfortunately, treatment is dependent on empirical therapy, which often leads to improper and inadequate antimicrobial therapy. a rapid multiplex pcr-based unyvero pneumonia application (upa) assay that assists in timely decision-making has recently become available. in this study, we evaluated the performance of upa in detecting etiological pathogens and resistance markers in patients ...	2014	24789196
efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin in community acquired pneumonia: a prospective, multicenter, observational study (caprivi).	community acquired pneumonia (cap) is a major cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality worldwide. management of cap for many patients requires rapid initiation of empirical antibiotic treatment, based on the spectrum of activity of available antimicrobial agents and evidence on local antibiotic resistance. few data exist on the severity profile and treatment of hospitalized cap patients in eastern and central europe and the middle east, in particular on use of moxifloxacin (avelox®), w ...	2014	24975809
rapid laboratory diagnosis for respiratory infectious diseases by using maldi-tof mass spectrometry.	it is still challenging to prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases. one critical step in the successful treatment of respiratory infections is rapid diagnosis by identifying the causative microorganisms in a timely fashion. however, traditional methods for identification of causative agents could not satisfy the need for rapid and accurate testing due to the limitations of technology-used. in recent years, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (ma ...	2014	24822111
the bacterial aetiology of adult community-acquired pneumonia in asia: a systematic review.	community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a major cause of adult mortality in asia. appropriate empirical treatment depends on knowledge of the pathogens commonly responsible. however, assessing the aetiological significance of identified organisms is often difficult, particularly with sputum isolates that might represent contamination with oropharyngeal flora.	2014	24781376
viral infection is not uncommon in adult patients with severe hospital-acquired pneumonia.	viral pathogens have not generally been regarded as important causes of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap), except in patients with hematologic malignancy or transplant recipients. we investigated the role and distribution of viruses in adult with severe hap who required intensive care.	2014	24752070
lower respiratory tract virus findings in mechanically ventilated patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia.	the role of viral infections in the etiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia (scap) was prospectively evaluated from 2008 to 2012 at a university-level intensive care unit.	2014	24729498
tools for detection of mycoplasma amphoriforme: a primary respiratory pathogen?	mycoplasma amphoriforme is a recently described organism isolated from the respiratory tracts of patients with immunodeficiency and evidence of chronic infection. novel assays for the molecular detection of the organism by real-time quantitative pcrs (qpcrs) targeting the uracil dna glycosylase gene (udg) or the 23s rrna gene are described here. the analytical sensitivities are similar to the existing conventional m. amphoriforme 16s rrna gene pcr, with the advantage of being species specific, r ...	2014	24478412
efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and copd: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	to evaluate the efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd).	2014	24624286
the aetiology and antibiotic management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in europe: a literature review.	the purpose of this paper was to generate up-to-date information on the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and its antibiotic management in adults across europe. structured searches of pubmed identified information on the aetiology of cap and its antibiotic management in individuals aged >15 years across europe. we summarise the data from 33 studies published between january 2005 and july 2012 that reported on the pathogens identified in patients with cap and antibiotic treatment in ...	2014	24532008
penetration of gsk1322322 into epithelial lining fluid and alveolar macrophages as determined by bronchoalveolar lavage.	gsk1322322 is a potent peptide deformylase inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo activity against multidrug-resistant skin and respiratory pathogens. this report provides plasma and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of gsk1322322 after repeat (twice daily intravenous dosing for 4 days) dosing at 1,500 mg. plasma samples were collected over the last 12-hour dosing interval of repeat dosing following the day 4 morning dose (the last dose). bronchoalveolar lavage samples were ...	2014	24189245
impact of immunization with protein f on pulmonary clearance of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae.	nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is one of the main aetiologies of childhood bacterial infections as well as exacerbations in copd patients. currently, no licensed nthi vaccine exists. in the present study, we evaluated the potential of the conserved and ubiquitous surface protein haemophilus protein f (pf) as a vaccine candidate. our results show that incubation of nthi with anti-pf antibodies significantly increased the opsonophygocytosis of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line-deri ...	2014	24631068
human rhinovirus infection during naturally occurring copd exacerbations.	human rhinovirus (hrv) infection is an important trigger of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) but its role in determining exacerbation frequency phenotype or the time-course of hrv infection in naturally occurring exacerbations is unknown. sputum samples from 77 patients were analysed by real-time quantitative pcr for both hrv (388 samples), and streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis (89 samples). patients recorded worsening of resp ...	2014	24627537
children with asthma by school age display aberrant immune responses to pathogenic airway bacteria as infants.	asthma is a highly prevalent chronic lung disease that commonly originates in early childhood. colonization of neonatal airways with the pathogenic bacterial strains haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with increased risk of later childhood asthma. we hypothesized that children with asthma have an abnormal immune response to pathogenic bacteria in infancy.	2014	24612682
changes in nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis among healthy children attending a day-care centre before and after official financial support for the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and h. influenzae type b vaccine in japan.	the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine reduce nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine-type bacteria, which may in turn influence the presence of other nasopharyngeal bacterial pathogens. to investigate this possibility, nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens was examined before and after official financial support was provided to offer the pcv7 and hib vaccines in healthy children attending a day care centre in japan during 2011-2012 ...	2014	24582389
a fluorescent multiplexed bead-based immunoassay (fmia) for quantitation of igg against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis protein antigens.	streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are pathogens commonly associated with infectious diseases in childhood. this study aimed to develop a fluorescent multiplexed bead-based immunoassay (fmia) using recombinant proteins for the quantitation of serum igg antibodies against these bacteria. eight pneumococcal proteins (ply, cbpa, pspa1, pspa2, pcpa, phtd, sp1732-3 and sp2216-1), 3 proteins of h. influenzae (nthi protein d, nthi0371-1, nthi0830), and 5 protein ...	2014	24530690
the impact of respiratory tract infections on the nutritional state of children with cystic fibrosis.	cystic fibrosis (cf) is a life-shortening, autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by intestinal malabsorption, impaired growth and lung disease. recurrent pulmonary infections in children with cf are often associated with nutritional deficiencies.	2014	24502062
five-year prospective study of paediatric acute otitis media in rochester, ny: modelling analysis of the risk of pneumococcal colonization in the nasopharynx and infection.	during a 5-year prospective study of nasopharyngeal (np) colonization and acute otitis media (aom) infections in children during the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) era (july 2006-june 2011) we studied risk factors for np colonization and aom. np samples were collected at ages 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, and 30 months during well-child visits. additionally, np and middle ear fluid (mef) samples were collected at onset of every aom episode. from 1825 visits (n = 464 children), 5301 np and ...	2014	24480055
contradiction between in vitro and clinical outcome: intravenous followed by oral azithromycin therapy demonstrated clinical efficacy in macrolide-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia.	we conducted a multicenter, unblinded, non-comparative, phase 3 trial of azithromycin-intravenous therapy followed by oral administration in japanese adults to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety against community-acquired pneumonia in order to obtain regulatory approval for the intravenous formulation in japan. azithromycin (500 mg, once daily) was intravenously administered for 2-5 days followed by oral 500 mg once daily administration to complete a total of 7-10 days treatment in 102 adults ...	2014	24477328
impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on otitis media bacteriology.	to determine the microbiology of otitis media (om) since the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv13) in february 2010.	2014	24461461
acute otitis media.	one in 4 children will have at least 1 episode of acute otitis media (aom) by age 10 years. aom results from infection of fluid that has become trapped in the middle ear. the bacteria that most often cause aom are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. differentiating aom from otitis media with effusion (ome) is a critical skill for physicians, as accurate diagnosis will guide appropriate treatment of these conditions. although fluid is present in the middle ...	2014	24439877
bacterial colonization increases daily symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	respiratory pathogens are frequently isolated from the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) in the absence of an exacerbation. this bacterial "colonization" by potential pathogens is associated with host inflammatory and immune responses, which could increase respiratory symptoms.	2014	24423399
environmental sampling for respiratory pathogens in jeddah airport during the 2013 hajj season.	respiratory tract infections (rtis) are common during the hajj season and are caused by a variety of organisms, which can be transmitted via the air or contaminated surfaces. we conducted a study aimed at sampling the environment in the king abdul aziz international (kaai) airport, pilgrims city, jeddah, during hajj season to detect respiratory pathogens.	2014	25465254
[management of copd exacerbations: from primary care to hospitalization].	the société de pneumologie de langue française defines acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae copd) as an increase in daily respiratory symptoms, basically duration ≥ 48h or need for treatment adjustment. etiology of ea copd are mainly infectious, viral (rhinovirus, influenzae or parainfluenzae virus, coronavirus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus) or bacterial (haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, or moraxella catarrhalis). pollutant exposure can a ...	2014	25451635
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of ceftaroline fosamil.	ceftaroline fosamil is a 5th generation cephalosporin with an in vitro spectrum of activity including streptococcus agalactiae, penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant s. pneumoniae, s. pyogenes, methicillin-susceptible s. aureus and methicillin-resistant s. aureus, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella oxytoca, k. pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. it is currently approved by the fda for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssi) and community-acquired bacteria ...	2014	25347329
a prospective, observational, epidemiological evaluation of the aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of acute otitis media in saudi children younger than 5years of age.	information regarding acute otitis media (aom) aetiology is important for developing effective vaccines. here, bacterial aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of aom were determined in young saudi children.	2014	25107659
etiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia during the 2013 hajj-part of the mers-cov surveillance program.	pneumonia is the leading cause of hospital admission during the annual islamic pilgrimage (hajj). the etiology of severe pneumonia is complex and includes the newly emerged middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). since 2012, the saudi ministry of health (moh) has required screening for mers-cov for all cases of severe pneumonia requiring hospitalization. we aimed to screen hajj pilgrims admitted to healthcare facilities in 2013 with severe community-acquired pneumonia (cap) for ...	2014	24970703
genetic characteristics of haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children with conjunctivitis-otitis media syndrome.	acute conjunctivitis is the most common ocular disorders among children and frequently concomitant with acute otitis media (aom) as conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome. in this study, we evaluated prevalence of causative pathogens and pcr-based genotypes of haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae among children with conjunctivitis-otitis media syndrome. nontypeable h. influenzae (nthi) is identified most often at 61.8% in conjunctiva exudates followed by s. pneumoniae at 28.2% and moraxel ...	2014	24953451
bacterial spectrum and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in acquired and connatal lacrimal duct stenosis.	(1) to determine the current bacteriological spectrum in connatal and acquired lacrimal duct obstruction (cldo and aldo, respectively) and (2) to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the recovered isolates.	2014	24912091
risk factors for carriage of aom pathogens during the first 3 years of life in children with early onset of acute otitis media.	risk factors associated with increased carriage rates are the same in children with recurrent acute otitis media (raom) as in healthy children. these are also known to be risk factors for the development of aom itself.	2014	24834935
efficacy and safety of levofloxacin in patients with bacterial pneumonia evaluated according to the new "clinical evaluation methods for new antimicrobial agents to treat respiratory infections (second version)".	the guideline for the "clinical evaluation methods for new antimicrobial agents to treat respiratory infections (second version)," published by the japanese society of chemotherapy in january 2012, was proposed to achieve consistency with fda guidelines based on the concept of clinical evaluation used in japan. we assessed the clinical efficacy of levofloxacin (lvfx) in patients with bacterial pneumonia according to this new set of guidelines for the first time. the clinical efficacy of lvfx in ...	2014	24787737
[antimicrobial spectrum of ceftaroline. in vitro activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci].	because of the increase in bacterial resistance, there is a need for new antimicrobial agents. in particular, staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of severe infections and has an extraordinary capacity to develop antibiotic multiresistance, including resistance to glycopeptides, linezolid, and daptomycin. although the incidence of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) seems to have stabilized in the last few years, its wide dissemination in healthcare settings and in the community is a cau ...	2014	24702973
antiadhesive and antibiofilm activity of hyaluronic acid against bacteria responsible for respiratory tract infections.	to address the problem of limited efficacy of existing antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial biofilm, it is necessary to find alternative remedies. one candidate could be hyaluronic acid; this study therefore aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiadhesive and antibiofilm activity of hyaluronic acid toward bacterial species commonly isolated from respiratory infections. interference exerted on bacterial adhesion was evaluated by using hep-2 cells, while the antibiofilm activity was assessed by m ...	2014	24698341
impaired innate immune alveolar macrophage response and the predilection for copd exacerbations.	alveolar macrophages (am) in copd have fundamentally impaired responsiveness to toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and tlr4 ligands of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). however, the contribution of innate immune dysfunction to exacerbations of copd is unexplored. we hypothesised that impaired innate am responses in copd extend beyond nthi to other pathogens and are linked with copd exacerbations and severity.	2014	24686454
pharmacokinetic modelling of serum and bronchial concentrations for clarithromycin and telithromycin, and site-specific pharmacodynamic simulation for their dosages.	clinical pharmacokinetic profiles of clarithromycin and telithromycin in bronchopulmonary sites have not been fully characterized. this study aimed to describe in more detail the pharmacokinetics of the two macrolides in epithelial lining fluid (elf) of human bronchi and to evaluate their pharmacodynamic target attainment at this site.	2014	24661290
changing trends of acute otitis media bacteriology in israel in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era.	the widespread use of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) has changed acute otitis media (aom) bacteriology. only scattered data with regards to this effect of pcv13 have been published so far.	2014	25229270
β-lactamase production and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of moraxella catarrhalis isolates: report from pakistan.	to assess the frequency of β-lactamase production and antimicrobial resistance in moraxella catarrhalis isolated from clinical specimens in pakistan.	2014	25312127
molecular characterization of clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis by randomly amplified polymorphic dna fingerprinting.	moraxella catarrhalis, a less virulent microorganism that colonizes the upper respiratory tract, has recently been associated with lower respiratory disease, especially in hiv-positive immunocompromised individuals and children. here, we correlated the dna clustering pattern of 24 clinical isolates of m. catarrhalis for β-lactamase production and drug resistance, from different disease groups using three different arbitrarily selected primers, p1 (5'-tcacgatgca-3'), p14 (5'-gatcaagtcc-3') and p1 ...	2014	25277715
modm dna methyltransferase methylome analysis reveals a potential role for moraxella catarrhalis phasevarions in otitis media.	moraxella catarrhalis is a significant cause of otitis media and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. here, we characterize a phase-variable dna methyltransferase (modm), which contains 5'-caac-3' repeats in its open reading frame that mediate high-frequency mutation resulting in reversible on/off switching of modm expression. three modm alleles have been identified (modm1-3), with modm2 being the most commonly found allele. using single-molecule, real-time (smrt) genome seque ...	2014	25183669
moraxella catarrhalis is susceptible to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with photofrin.	moraxella catarrhalis is a significant cause of pediatric otitis media (om), which is the most prevalent bacterial infection in children and primary reason for antibiotic administration in this population. moreover, biofilm formation has been implicated as a primary mechanism of chronic or recurrent om disease. as bacterial biofilms are inherently resistant to most antibiotics and these complex structures also present a significant challenge to the immune system, there is a clear need to identif ...	2014	25154610
[species and quantitative characteristics of pharyngeal mucosa microflora in pregnant women].	species and quantitative characteristics of upper respiratory tract (urt) mucosa microflora in women at gestation period.	2014	25051704
the moraxella catarrhalis-induced pro-inflammatory immune response is enhanced by the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in human pulmonary epithelial cells.	chronic lower airway inflammation is considered to be a major cause of pathogenesis and disease progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). moraxella catarrhalis is a copd-associated pathogen causing exacerbations and bacterial colonization in the lower airways of patients, which may contribute to chronic inflammation. increasing evidence suggests that the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) modulates inflammatory processes in the human airways. the goal of this study was to ...	2014	24978309
helichrysum arenarium subsp. arenarium: phenolic composition and antibacterial activity against lower respiratory tract pathogens.	the aim of this study was to investigate the phenolic content and antibacterial activity of the methanol extract from helichrysum arenarium (l.) moench subsp. arenarium inflorescences against lower respiratory tract pathogens (standard strains and clinical isolates). the extract was characterised by a total phenolic content of 160.17 mg/g. several caffeic acid conjugates (chlorogenic acid and dicaffeoylquinic acids) and flavonoids (apigenin, naringenin, apigenin-7-o-glucoside and naringenin-o-he ...	2014	24931335
outer membrane protein olpa contributes to moraxella catarrhalis serum resistance via interaction with factor h and the alternative pathway.	factor h is an important complement regulator of the alternative pathway commonly recruited by pathogens to achieve increased rates of survival in the human host. the respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis, which resides in the mucosa, is highly resistant to the bactericidal activity of serum and causes otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in individuals with underlying diseases. in this study, we show that m. catarrhalis binds factor h via the outer membrane protein olp ...	2014	24771863
targeting cystalysin, a virulence factor of treponema denticola-supported periodontitis.	cystalysin from treponema denticola is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent lyase that catalyzes the formation of pyruvate, ammonia, and sulfide from cysteine. it is a virulence factor in adult periodontitis because its reaction contributes to hemolysis, which sustains the pathogen. therefore, it was proposed as a potential antimicrobial target. to identify specific inhibitors by structure-based in silico methods, we first validated the crystal structure of cystalysin as a reliable starting point ...	2014	24616267
the frequency of bro β-lactamase and its relationship to antimicrobial susceptibility and serum resistance in moraxella catarrhalis.	we investigated the frequency of bro β-lactamase and its relationship to antibiotic susceptibility profiles and serum susceptibility. moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates (n = 197) were collected from patients with respiratory tract infections in tokyo between november 2004 and april 2005. phenotypic and genotypic detection of β-lactamases was performed. the mics of 6 antibiotics were determined by etest, and the serum bactericidal assay was conducted by using the culture-and-spot test. nearl ...	2014	24462416
comparing the anterior nare bacterial community of two discrete human populations using illumina amplicon sequencing.	the anterior nares are an important reservoir for opportunistic pathogens and commensal microorganisms. a barcoded illumina paired-end sequencing method targeting the 16s ribosomal rna v1-2 hypervariable region was developed to compare the bacterial diversity of the anterior nares across distinct human populations (volunteers from germany vs a babongo pygmy tribe, africa). of the 251 phylotypes detected, 231 could be classified to the genus level and 109 to the species level, including the unamb ...	2014	24354520
deciphering the genetic basis of moraxella catarrhalis complement resistance: a critical role for the disulphide bond formation system.	the complement system is an important innate defence mechanism, and the ability to resist complement-mediated killing is considered a key virulence trait of the respiratory tract pathogen m. catarrhalis. we studied the molecular basis of complement resistance by transcriptional profiling and tn-seq, a genome-wide negative-selection screenings technology. exposure of m. catarrhalis to human serum resulted in increased expression of 84 genes and reduced expression of 134 genes, among which genes e ...	2014	24344868
bacterial etiology of acute otitis media and characterization of pneumococcal serotypes and genotypes among children in moscow, russia.	we aimed to describe bacterial etiology of acute otitis media (aom) and characterize resistance, serotypes and genotype profiles of aom-causing pneumococci recovered in moscow children.	2015	25232779
non-transpeptidase binding arylthioether β-lactams active against mycobacterium tuberculosis and moraxella catarrhalis.	the prevalence of drug resistance in both clinical and community settings as a consequence of alterations of biosynthetic pathways, enzymes or cell wall architecture is a persistent threat to human health. we have designed, synthesized, and tested a novel class of non-transpeptidase, β-lactamase resistant monocyclic β-lactams that carry an arylthio group at c4. these thioethers exhibit inhibitory and cidal activity against serine β-lactamase producing mycobacterium tuberculosis wild type strain ...	2015	25549898
antibacterial, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic effects of thymus capitatus (l.) hoffmanns. et link leaves' fractions.	the aim of this study was to examine the bioactivity of the methanol fraction (mf) and n-hexane fraction (hf) of thymus capitatus leaves in relation to their constituents analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the effects of t. capitatus on the growth of pathogenic bacteria associated with respiratory diseases (13 gram-positive and 4 gram-negative) were determined using a microdilution method. the mf was particularly effective on streptococcus pneumoniae and mor ...	2015	25032744
bacterial spectrum of spontaneously ruptured otitis media in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in germany.	otitis media is a common pediatric disease and the main reason for antibiotic prescription in children. before implementation of routine childhood pneumococcal vaccination in germany, serotypes contained in the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) were among the most frequent pneumococcal serotypes responsible for acute otitis media (aom). this report describes the first 3 years of a prospective, multicenter, epidemiological cross-sectional study examining the bacteriology of middle ...	2015	25169065
role of nasopharyngeal bacteria and respiratory viruses in acute symptoms of young children.	the spectrum of acute symptoms in young outpatient children with respiratory tract infection (rti) is variable, and it cannot be explained by the diagnosis of acute otitis media (aom) versus uncomplicated rti. we studied that the variation of symptoms is explained by the nasopharyngeal bacteria and/or respiratory viruses.	2015	26164848
[the pathogenic potential of moraxella catarrhalis and staphylococcus epidermidis under inflammatory processes of upper respiratory tracts].	the frequent isolation from biological material of moraxella catarrhalis under bronchitis and pneumonia and staphilococcus epidermidis under rhinitis and sinusitis requires profound investigation offactors ofpathogenicity ofthe mentioned microorganisms. the genetic and phenotypic markers of virulence of strains m. catarrhalis and s. epidermidis are examined. their etiologic role in development of infection processes of respiratory tract and middle ear is determined the most of m catarrhalis stra ...	2015	26999868
1,2,3-triazole pharmacophore-based benzofused nitrogen/sulfur heterocycles with potential anti-moraxella catarrhalis activity.	versatile 1,2,3-triazole pharmacophore-based benzofused heterocycles containing halogen-substituted aromatic (9-17 and 25-28), 7-substituted coumarin (18-23 and 29-30) or penciclovir-like subunit (31a,b-38a) were designed and synthesized to evaluate their antibacterial activities against selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. hybridization approach using environmentally friendly cu(i)-catalyzed click reaction under microwave irradiation was adopted in the synthesis of regioselective ...	2015	26578325
moraxella catarrhalis-produced nitric oxide has dual roles in pathogenicity and clearance of infection in bacterial-host cell co-cultures.	in humans, the free radical nitric oxide (no) is a concentration-dependent multifunctional signaling or toxic molecule that modulates various physiological and pathological processes, and innate immunity against bacterial infections. because the expression of bacterial genes encoding nitrite reductase (ania) and no reductase (norb) is highly upregulated in biofilms in vitro, it is important to investigate whether bacterial no-metabolism might subvert host no signaling and play pathogenic roles d ...	2015	26537639
moraxella catarrhalis bacteraemia and prosthetic valve endocarditis.	moraxella catarrhalis, once considered a non-pathogenic coloniser of the oropharynx, has now been recognised as a true pathogen and is reported in cases of bacteraemia. a 63-year-old man with an aortic bioprosthetic valve was brought to the emergency room with altered mental status. initial blood cultures revealed gram-negative diplococci on gram stain; echocardiogram showed a 5 mm vegetation on the aortic bioprosthetic valve. the blood cultures grew m. catarrhalis and the patient was treated me ...	2015	26498667
the role and regulation of moraxella catarrhalis-induced human beta-defensin 3 expression in human pulmonary epithelial cells.	bacterial colonisation with moraxella catarrhalis may partly sustain chronic inflammation in the lower airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). in addition, this bacterium causes infectious exacerbations of copd, which often necessitate treatment with antibiotics. antimicrobial peptides are the body's own antibiotic substances with bactericidal and bacteriostatic, as well as immunomodulatory function. in particular, human beta-defensin 3 (hbd-3) exerts an antimicrob ...	2015	26417692
the outer membrane protein cd is associated with resistance to penicillins in moraxella catarrhalis.		2015	27873716
rapid assay of a2058t-mutated 23s rrna allelic profiles associated with high-level macrolide resistance in moraxella catarrhalis.	we report on a restriction fragment-length polymorphism (hpych4iii) assay for profile analysis of 23s rrna gene a2058t-mutated alleles associated with high-level macrolide resistance in moraxella catarrhalis. our assay results were supported by dna sequencing analysis, allowed for simultaneous testing of many strains, and produced results from pure-cultured colonies within 4 h.	2015	26296581
an unusual carbohydrate conformation is evident in moraxella catarrhalis oligosaccharides.	oligosaccharide structures derived from the lipooligosaccharide of m. catarrhalis show that the highly branched glucose-rich inner core of the oligosaccharide has an altered conformation compared to the most truncated tetra-glucose-kdo lgt1/4δ oligosaccharide structure. addition of one residue each to the (1-4) and (1-6) chains to give the lgt2δ oligosaccharide is the minimum requirement for this conformational change to occur. extensive molecular modeling and nmr investigations have shown that ...	2015	26251889
seasonal variation of respiratory pathogen colonization in asymptomatic health care professionals: a single-center, cross-sectional, 2-season observational study.	the purpose of this study was to determine the seasonal variance of potentially pathogenic bacterial and viral organisms in nasopharyngeal specimens obtained from asymptomatic health care professionals (hcps) during the 2014 winter and summer months.	2015	26052103
moraxella catarrhalis induces an immune response in the murine lung that is independent of human ceacam5 expression and long-term smoke exposure.	in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), moraxella catarrhalis infection of the lower airways is associated with chronic colonization and inflammation during stable disease and acute exacerbations. chronic smoke exposure induces chronic inflammation and impairs mucociliary clearance, thus contributing to bacterial colonization of the lower airways in copd patients. the human-specific carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (ceacam) 5, expressed in human airw ...	2015	26047639
pathogenic bacterial nasopharyngeal colonization and its impact on respiratory diseases in the first year of life: the patch birth cohort study.	for acute respiratory diseases caused by bacteria, colonization in the respiratory tracts is often the first sign, although nasopharynx is the major source of secretions containing pathogens. to understand the pathogenesis of respiratory tract diseases, it is important to analyze the establishment of nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization.	2015	25973941
prevalence and molecular analysis of macrolide-resistant moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates in japan, following emergence of the highly macrolide-resistant strain nsh1 in 2011.	although moraxella catarrhalis is known to be susceptible to macrolides, highly macrolide-resistant m. catarrhalis isolates have recently been reported in japan and china. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of macrolide-resistant m. catarrhalis isolates in tokyo and chiba, japan, and studied the mechanisms underlying their resistance. specifically, we determined the susceptibility of 593 clinical isolates (collected between december 2011 and may 2014) to erythromycin, using the disk d ...	2015	25934551
collagen vi is upregulated in copd and serves both as an adhesive target and a bactericidal barrier for moraxella catarrhalis.	moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative human mucosal commensal and pathogen. it is a common cause of exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). during the process of infection, host colonization correlates with recognition of host molecular patterns. importantly, in copd patients with compromised epithelial integrity the underlying extracellular matrix is exposed and provides potential adhesive targets. collagen vi is a ubiquitous fibrillar component in the airway mucosa and ...	2015	25925694
high-level macrolide-resistant moraxella catarrhalis and development of an allele-specific pcr assay for detection of 23s rrna gene a2330t mutation: a three-year study at a chinese tertiary hospital.	previous studies indicate that macrolide resistance in moraxella catarrhalis isolates is less common in adults than in children. however, few studies have investigated m. catarrhalis macrolide resistance mechanisms in adult patients. in this study, 124 m. catarrhalis isolates were collected from adult patients in a chinese tertiary hospital, between 2010 and 2013, and investigated for antimicrobial resistance. we found that only seven isolates were macrolide resistant and all exhibited high-leve ...	2015	25923017
bactericidal, opsonophagocytic and anti-adhesive effectiveness of cross-reactive antibodies against moraxella catarrhalis.	moraxella catarrhalis is a human-restricted significant respiratory tract pathogen. the bacteria accounts for 15-20% of cases of otitis media in children and is an important causative agent of infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. the acquisition of new m. catarrhalis strains plays a central role in the pathogenesis of both mentioned disorders. the antibody-dependent immune response to this pathogen is critical for its effective elimination. thus, the knowl ...	2015	25743473
antimicrobial resistance surveillance of flomoxef in china.	the aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of flomoxef against clinical isolates collected from china and understand the trend of antimicrobial resistance. a total of 2955 pathogenic strains isolated from 18 tertiary hospitals in 18 cities of china over the period from july 2011 to june 2012 were studied. and the susceptibility tests were performed using agar dilution method recommended by clsi in central laboratory. flomoxef showed good potency against enterobacteriaceae with s ...	2015	25694055
ligand-bound structures of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate phosphatase from moraxella catarrhalis reveal a water channel connecting to the active site for the second step of catalysis.	kdsc, the third enzyme of the 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes a substrate-specific reaction to hydrolyze 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate to generate a molecule of kdo and phosphate. kdsc is a phosphatase that belongs to the c0 subfamily of the had superfamily. to understand the molecular basis for the substrate specificity of this tetrameric enzyme, the crystal structures of kdsc from moraxella catarrhalis (mc-kdsc) with several combinations of lig ...	2015	25664734
trends in macrolide resistance of respiratory tract pathogens in the paediatric population in serbia from 2004 to 2009.	we report the first study of macrolide resistance in respiratory tract pathogens in a serbian paediatric population. it included 5293 streptococcus pneumoniae, 4297 streptococcus pyogenes, 2568 moraxella catarrhalis and 1998 haemophilus influenzae isolates derived from the respiratory tract and 110 invasive isolates from children aged up to 18 years during 2004-2009. over the 6-year period, a significant increase (p < 0·01) in macrolide resistance was found in both s. pneumoniae and s. pyogenes ...	2015	24814418
impact of poor compliance with levofloxacin and moxifloxacin on respiratory tract infection antimicrobial efficacy: a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic simulation study.	the purpose of this report was to assess the impact of poor compliance on the efficacy of levofloxacin (lfx) and moxifloxacin (mox), two fluoroquinolones with different pharmacokinetic (pk) and pharmacodynamic (pd) properties, in respiratory infections. the fauc0-24h and fauc0-24h/mic90 ratio, a pk/pd index predictive of bacterial eradication, were extracted from previously described population pk models for lfx and mox. the mic90 was according to eucast. monte carlo simulations were used with l ...	2015	25450804
[a multicenter study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis from community acquired infections in saitama, japan].	we examined regional surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of community acquired bacterial pathogens from patients in saitama, japan. the fourth-year survey was conducted in three of the period 2007-2010 (period i, 2007-2008; period ii, 2008-2009; period iii, 2009-2010). antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted at the central reference laboratory according to the method recommended by japanese society of chemotherapy using maximum 13 antibacterial agents. susceptibility testing ...	2015	26742285