Publications

mutagenesis breeding of high echinocandin b producing strain and further titer improvement with culture medium optimization.	a combination of microbial strain improvement and statistical optimization is investigated to maximize echinocandin b (ecb) production from aspergillus nidulans zjb-0817. a classical sequential mutagenesis was studied first by using physical (ultraviolet irradiation at 254 nm) and chemical mutagens (lithium chloride and sodium nitrite). mutant strain uln-59 exhibited 2.1-fold increase in ecb production to 1583.1 ± 40.9 mg/l when compared with the parent strain (750.8 ± 32.0 mg/l). this is the fi ...	2015	26091897
functional operons in secondary metabolic gene clusters in glarea lozoyensis (fungi, ascomycota, leotiomycetes).	operons are multigene transcriptional units which occur mostly in prokaryotes but rarely in eukaryotes. protein-coding operons have not been reported in the fungi even though they represent a very diverse kingdom of organisms. here, we report a functional operon involved in the secondary metabolism of the fungus glarea lozoyensis belonging to leotiomycetes (ascomycota). two contiguous genes, glpks3 and glnrps7, encoding polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase, respectively, are c ...	2015	26081635
degradation of glutathione in aspergillus nidulans - short communication.	relative transcriptions of aspergillus nidulans dug1-3 (orthologes of saccharomyces cerevisiae dug - deficient in utilization of glutathione - pathway genes) and ggta encoding γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were studied under conditions inducing glutathione degradation. ggta was induced in all cases when glutathione levels decreased, but addition of yeast extract, which moderated glutathione degradation, enhanced its induction. although dug2 showed constitutive transcription, dug1 and dug3 were induc ...	2015	26081279
identification of a critical determinant that enables efficient fatty acid synthesis in oleaginous fungi.	microorganisms are valuable resources for lipid production. what makes one microbe but not the other able to efficiently synthesize and accumulate lipids is poorly understood. in the present study, global gene expression prior to and after the onset of lipogenesis was determined by transcriptomics using the oleaginous fungus mortierella alpina as a model system. a core of 23 lipogenesis associated genes was identified and their expression patterns shared a high similarity among oleaginous microb ...	2015	26059272
oligomerization of the uapa purine transporter is critical for er-exit, plasma membrane localization and turnover.	central to the process of transmembrane cargo trafficking is the successful folding and exit from the er (endoplasmic reticulum) through packaging in copii vesicles. here, we use the uapa purine transporter of aspergillus nidulans to investigate the role of cargo oligomerization in membrane trafficking. we show that uapa oligomerizes (at least dimerizes) and that oligomerization persists upon uapa endocytosis and vacuolar sorting. using a validated bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, ...	2015	26049015
gh11 xylanase from emericella nidulans with low sensitivity to inhibition by ethanol and lignocellulose-derived phenolic compounds.	an endo-β-1,4-xylanase (x22) was purified from crude extract of emericella nidulans when cultivated on submerged fermentation using sugarcane bagasse as the carbon source. the purified protein was identified by mass spectrometry and was most active at ph and temperature intervals of 5.0-6.5 and 50-60°c, respectively. the enzyme showed half-lives of 40, 10 and 7 min at 28, 50 and 55°c, respectively, and ph 5.0. apparent km and vmax values on soluble oat spelt xylan were 3.39 mg/ml and 230.8 iu/mg ...	2015	26040589
evolution of chemical diversity in echinocandin lipopeptide antifungal metabolites.	the echinocandins are a class of antifungal drugs that includes caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin. gene clusters encoding most of the structural complexity of the echinocandins provided a framework for hypotheses about the evolutionary history and chemical logic of echinocandin biosynthesis. gene orthologs among echinocandin-producing fungi were identified. pathway genes, including the nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nrpss), were analyzed phylogenetically to address the hypothesis tha ...	2015	26024901
minos as a novel tc1/mariner-type transposable element for functional genomic analysis in aspergillus nidulans.	transposons constitute powerful genetic tools for gene inactivation, exon or promoter trapping and genome analyses. the minos element from drosophila hydei, a tc1/mariner-like transposon, has proved as a very efficient tool for heterologous transposition in several metazoa. in filamentous fungi, only a handful of fungal-specific transposable elements have been exploited as genetic tools, with the impala tc1/mariner element from fusarium oxysporum being the most successful. here, we developed a t ...	2015	26021704
combining stable isotope labeling and molecular networking for biosynthetic pathway characterization.	filamentous fungi are a rich source of bioactive compounds, ranging from statins over immunosuppressants to antibiotics. the coupling of genes to metabolites is of large commercial interest for production of the bioactives of the future. to this end, we have investigated the use of stable isotope labeled amino acids (silaas). silaas were added to the cultivation media of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans for the study of the cyclic tetrapeptide nidulanin a. analysis by uhplc-tofms conf ...	2015	26020678
an efficient peg/cacl₂-mediated transformation approach for the medicinal fungus wolfiporia cocos.	sclerotia of wolfiporia cocos are of medicinal and culinary value. the genes and molecular mechanisms involved in w. cocos sclerotial formation are poorly investigated because of the lack of a suitable and reproducible transformation system for w. cocos. in this study, a peg/ cacl₂-mediated genetic transformation system for w. cocos was developed. the promoter pgpd from ganoderma lucidum effectively drove expression of the hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene in w. cocos, and approximately 30 tr ...	2015	26017228
a genomics based discovery of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters in aspergillus ustus.	secondary metabolites (sms) produced by aspergillus have been extensively studied for their crucial roles in human health, medicine and industrial production. however, the resulting information is almost exclusively derived from a few model organisms, including a. nidulans and a. fumigatus, but little is known about rare pathogens. in this study, we performed a genomics based discovery of sm biosynthetic gene clusters in aspergillus ustus, a rare human pathogen. a total of 52 gene clusters were ...	2015	25706180
fungal artificial chromosomes for mining of the fungal secondary metabolome.	with thousands of fungal genomes being sequenced, each genome containing up to 70 secondary metabolite (sm) clusters 30-80 kb in size, breakthrough techniques are needed to characterize this sm wealth.	2015	25925221
investigation of a 6-msa synthase gene cluster in aspergillus aculeatus reveals 6-msa-derived aculinic acid, aculins a-b and epi-aculin a.	aspergillus aculeatus, a filamentous fungus belonging to the aspergillus clade nigri, is an industrial workhorse in enzyme production. recently we reported a number of secondary metabolites from this fungus; however, its genetic potential for the production of secondary metabolites is vast. in this study we identified a 6-methylsalicylic acid (6-msa) synthase from a. aculeatus, and verified its functionality by episomal expression in a. aculeatus and heterologous expression in a. nidulans. feedi ...	2015	26374386
examining the evolution of the regulatory circuit controlling secondary metabolism and development in the fungal genus aspergillus.	filamentous fungi produce diverse secondary metabolites (sms) essential to their ecology and adaptation. although each sm is typically produced by only a handful of species, global sm production is governed by widely conserved transcriptional regulators in conjunction with other cellular processes, such as development. we examined the interplay between the taxonomic narrowness of sm distribution and the broad conservation of global regulation of sm and development in aspergillus, a diverse funga ...	2015	25786130
(1→3)-α-d-glucans from aspergillus spp.: structural characterization and biological study on their carboxymethylated derivatives.	alkali-soluble polysaccharides (asps) were isolated from the cell wall of four aspergillus species (a. fumigatus, a. nidulans, a. niger, and a. wentii). the chemical and spectroscopic investigations (immunofluorescent labelling, composition analysis, methylation analysis, ftir, and 1h nmr) indicated that the asps were polymers composed almost exclusively of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucose. after carboxymethylation (cm), the activity of (1→3)-α-d-glucans on three human cell lines (hsf, hela, and jurkat) ...	2015	25601326
the white collar complex is involved in sexual development of fusarium graminearum.	sexual spores (ascospores) of fusarium graminearum, a homothallic ascomycetous fungus, are believed to be the primary inocula for epidemics of the diseases caused by this species in cereal crops. based on the light requirement for the formation of fruiting bodies (perithecia) of f. graminearum under laboratory conditions, we explored whether photoreceptors play an important role in sexual development. here, we evaluated the roles of three genes encoding putative photoreceptors [a phytochrome gen ...	2015	25785736
identification and functional analysis of two golgi-localized udp-galactofuranose transporters with overlapping functions in aspergillus niger.	galactofuranose (galf)-containing glycoconjugates are present in numerous microbes, including filamentous fungi where they are important for morphology, virulence and maintaining cell wall integrity. the incorporation of galf-residues into galactomannan, galactomannoproteins and glycolipids is carried out by golgi-localized galf transferases. the nucleotide sugar donor used by these transferases (udp-galf) is produced in the cytoplasm and has to be transported to the lumen of the golgi by a dedi ...	2015	26526354
fungal quorum sensing molecules: role in fungal morphogenesis and pathogenicity.	when microorganisms live together in high numbers, they need to communicate with each other. to achieve cell-cell communication, microorganisms secrete molecules called quorum-sensing molecules (qsms) that control their biological activities and behaviors. fungi secrete qsms such as farnesol, tyrosol, phenylethanol, and tryptophol. the role of qsms in fungi has been widely studied in both yeasts and filamentous fungi, for example in candida albicans, c. dubliniensis, aspergillus niger, a. nidula ...	2016	26972663
an efficient arabinoxylan-debranching α-l-arabinofuranosidase of family gh62 from aspergillus nidulans contains a secondary carbohydrate binding site.	an α-l-arabinofuranosidase of gh62 from aspergillus nidulans fgsc a4 (anabf62a-m2,3) has an unusually high activity towards wheat arabinoxylan (wax) (67 u/mg; k cat = 178/s, k m = 4.90 mg/ml) and arabinoxylooligosaccharides (axos) with degrees of polymerisation (dp) 3-5 (37-80 u/mg), but about 50 times lower activity for sugar beet arabinan and 4-nitrophenyl-α-l-arabinofuranoside. α-1,2- and α-1,3-linked arabinofuranoses are released from monosubstituted, but not from disubstituted, xylose in wa ...	2016	26946172
laea negatively regulates dothistromin production in the pine needle pathogen dothistroma septosporum.	in filamentous fungi both pathway-specific and global regulators regulate genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. laea is a global regulator that was named for its mutant phenotype, loss of aflr expression, due to its effect on the aflatoxin-pathway regulator aflr in aspergillus spp. the pine needle pathogen dothistroma septosporum produces a polyketide virulence factor, dothistromin, that is chemically related to aflatoxin and whose pathway genes are also regulated by an or ...	2016	27818262
comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of the fuzhuan brick tea-fermentation fungus aspergillus cristatus.	aspergillus cristatus is the dominant fungus involved in the fermentation of chinese fuzhuan brick tea. aspergillus cristatus is a homothallic fungus that undergoes a sexual stage without asexual conidiation when cultured in hypotonic medium. the asexual stage is induced by a high salt concentration, which completely inhibits sexual development. the taxon is therefore appropriate for investigating the mechanisms of asexual and sexual reproduction in fungi. in this study, de novo genome sequencin ...	2016	27267057
diversity, molecular phylogeny and fingerprint profiles of airborne aspergillus species using random amplified polymorphic dna.	in the present study, diversity and phylogenetic relationship of aspergillus species isolated from tehran air was studied using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr). thirty-eight aspergillus isolates belonging to 12 species i.e. a. niger (28.94 %, 11 isolates), a. flavus (18.42 %, 7 isolates), a. tubingensis (13.15 %, 5 isolates), a. japonicus (10.52 %, 4 isolates), a. ochraceus (10.52 %, 4 isolates), and 2.63 %, 1 isolate from each a. nidulans, a. amstelo ...	2016	27116962
proteomics of survival structures of fungal pathogens.	fungal pathogens are causal agents of numerous human, animal, and plant diseases. they employ various infection modes to overcome host defense systems. infection mechanisms of different fungi have been subjected to many comprehensive studies. these investigations have been facilitated by the development of various '-omics' techniques, and proteomics has one of the leading roles in this regard. fungal conidia and sclerotia could be considered the most important structures for pathogenesis as thei ...	2016	26777984
aspergillus mulundensis sp. nov., a new species for the fungus producing the antifungal echinocandin lipopeptides, mulundocandins.	the invalidly published name aspergillus sydowii var. mulundensis was proposed for a strain of aspergillus that produced new echinocandin metabolites designated as the mulundocadins. reinvestigation of this strain (y-30462=dsmz 5745) using phylogenetic, morphological, and metabolic data indicated that it is a distinct and novel species of aspergillus sect. nidulantes. the taxonomic novelty, aspergillus mulundensis, is introduced for this historically important echinocandin-producing strain. the ...	2016	26464011
mycetoma caused by aspergillus nidulans.		2016	26014969
an overproduction of astellolides induced by genetic disruption of chromatin-remodeling factors in aspergillus oryzae.	the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae is an important industrial mold. recent genomic analysis indicated that a. oryzae has a large number of biosynthetic genes for secondary metabolites (sms), but many of the sms they produce have not been identified. for better understanding of sms production by a. oryzae, we screened a gene-disruption library of transcription factors including chromatin-remodeling factors and found two gene disruptions that show similarly altered sm production profiles. o ...	2016	26126743
effect of biotransformation by liver s9 enzymes on the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of melanin extracted from aspergillus nidulans.	a mutant that exhibited increased melanin pigment production was isolated from aspergillus nidulans fungus. this pigment has aroused biotechnological interest due to its photoprotector and antioxidant properties. in a recent study, we showed that melanin from a. nidulans also inhibits no and tnf-α production.	2016	26459656
small heat shock proteins, phylogeny in filamentous fungi and expression analyses in aspergillus nidulans.	small heat shock proteins (shsps) have been characterized in organisms from all three domains of life and viruses and are involved in a wide range of biological functions. however, the evolution and function of shsp in aspergillus species are largely unknown. in the present work, shsps were identified in 31 filamentous fungi, including species from aspergillus, penicillium, fusarium and magnaporthe, as well as botrytis cinerea and neurospora crassa. phylogenetic analysis revealed high level of d ...	2016	26403724
the aspergillus nidulans syntaxin pepa(pep12) is regulated by two sec1/munc-18 proteins to mediate fusion events at early endosomes, late endosomes and vacuoles.	syntaxins are target-snares that crucially contribute to determine membrane compartment identity. three syntaxins, tlg2p, pep12p and vam3p, organize the yeast endovacuolar system. remarkably, filamentous fungi lack the equivalent of the yeast vacuolar syntaxin vam3p, making unclear how these organisms regulate vacuole fusion. we show that the nearly essential aspergillus nidulans syntaxin pepa(pep12) , present in all endocytic compartments between early endosomes and vacuoles, shares features of ...	2016	26395371
catalytic conversion of sugarcane bagasse to cellulosic ethanol: tio2 coupled nanocellulose as an effective hydrolysis enhancer.	the present study deals with the production of cellulosic ethanol from bagasse using the synthesized tio2 coupled nanocellulose (nc-tio2) as catalyst. aspergillus nidulans ajsu04 cellulase was used for the hydrolysis of bagasse. nc-tio2 at various concentrations was added to bagasse in order to enhance the yield of reducing sugars. complex interaction between cellulase, bagasse, nc-tio2 and the reaction environment is thoroughly studied. a mathematical model was developed to describe the hydroly ...	2016	26572403
a phosphorylation code of the aspergillus nidulans global regulator velveta (vea) determines specific functions.	the velvet protein vea is a global fungal regulator for morphogenetic pathways as well as for the control of secondary metabolism. it is found exclusively in filamentous fungi, where it fulfills conserved, but also unique functions in different species. the involvement of vea in various morphogenetic and metabolic pathways is probably due to spatially and timely controlled specific protein-protein interactions with other regulators such as phytochrome (fpha) or velvet-like proteins (velb). here ...	2016	26564476
development of genetic dereplication strains in aspergillus nidulans results in the discovery of aspercryptin.	to reduce the secondary metabolite background in aspergillus nidulans and minimize the rediscovery of compounds and pathway intermediates, we created a "genetic dereplication" strain in which we deleted eight of the most highly expressed secondary metabolite gene clusters (more than 244,000 base pairs deleted in total). this strain allowed us to discover a novel compound that we designate aspercryptin and to propose a biosynthetic pathway for the compound. interestingly, aspercryptin is formed f ...	2016	26563584
the first case of invasive mixed-mold infections due to emericella nidulans var. echinulata and rasamsonia piperina in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease.	a 16-year-old boy with chronic granulomatous disease presented with pneumonia and rib osteomyelitis. emericella nidulans var. echinulata was isolated from his sputum. after starting voriconazole, rasamsonia piperina was isolated from the rib swelling. a combination therapy of voriconazole and micafungin effectively eradicated this invasive mixed-mold infection. in immunocompromised patients, a precise pathogenic diagnosis is clinically useful for administration of an appropriate treatment regime ...	2016	26563166
structure of the dioxygenase asqj: mechanistic insights into a one-pot multistep quinolone antibiotic biosynthesis.	multienzymatic cascades are responsible for the biosynthesis of natural products and represent a source of inspiration for synthetic chemists. the fe(ii)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase asqj from aspergillus nidulans is outstanding because it stereoselectively catalyzes both a ferryl-induced desaturation reaction and epoxidation on a benzodiazepinedione. interestingly, the enzymatically formed spiro epoxide spring-loads the 6,7-bicyclic skeleton for non-enzymatic rearrangement into the 6,6 ...	2016	26553478
stress tolerances of nullmutants of function-unknown genes encoding menadione stress-responsive proteins in aspergillus nidulans.	a group of menadione stress-responsive function-unkown genes of aspergillus nidulans (locus ids anid_03987.1, anid_06058.1, anid_10219.1, and anid_10260.1) was deleted and phenotypically characterized. importantly, comparative and phylogenetic analyses of the tested a. nidulans genes and their orthologs shed light only on the presence of a tango2 domain with nrde protein motif in the translated anid_06058.1 gene but did not reveal any recognizable protein-encoding domains in other protein sequen ...	2016	26631869
carbon regulation of environmental ph by secreted small molecules that modulate pathogenicity in phytopathogenic fungi.	fruit pathogens can contribute to the acidification or alkalinization of the host environment. this capability has been used to divide fungal pathogens into acidifying and/or alkalinizing classes. here, we show that diverse classes of fungal pathogens-colletotrichum gloeosporioides, penicillium expansum, aspergillus nidulans and fusarium oxysporum-secrete small ph-affecting molecules. these molecules modify the environmental ph, which dictates acidic or alkaline colonizing strategies, and induce ...	2016	26666972
wd40-repeat protein mocrec is essential for carbon repression and is involved in conidiation, growth and pathogenicity of magnaporthe oryzae.	carbon catabolite repression (ccr) is a common regulatory mechanism used by microorganisms to prioritize use of a preferred carbon source (usually glucose). the crec wd40-repeat protein is a major component of the ccr pathway in aspergillus nidulans. to clarify the function of the crec ortholog from magnaporthe oryzae in regulating gene expression important for pathogenesis, mocrec was identified and genetically characterized. the vegetative growth rate of the mocrec deletion mutant on various c ...	2016	27909797
functional characterization of the aspergillus nidulans glucosylceramide pathway reveals that lcb δ8-desaturation and c9-methylation are relevant to filamentous growth, lipid raft localization and psd1 defensin activity.	c8-desaturated and c9-methylated glucosylceramide (glccer) is a fungal-specific sphingolipid that plays an important role in the growth and virulence of many species. in this work, we investigated the contribution of aspergillus nidulans sphingolipid δ8-desaturase (sdea), sphingolipid c9-methyltransferases (smta/smtb) and glucosylceramide synthase (gcsa) to fungal phenotypes, sensitivity to psd1 defensin and galleria mellonella virulence. we showed that δsdea accumulated c8-saturated and unmethy ...	2016	27479571
a case of aspergillus nidulans causing white granule mycetoma.		2016	26900232
live cell imaging of actin dynamics in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.	hyphal cells of filamentous fungi grow at their tips in a method analogous to pollen tube and root hair elongation. this process, generally referred to as tip growth, requires precise regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and characterizing the various actin structures in these cell types is currently an active area of research. here, the actin marker lifeact was used to document actin dynamics in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. contractile double rings were observed at septa, and a ...	2016	26879694
cloning and characterization of filamentous fungal s-nitrosoglutathione reductase from aspergillus nidulans.	s-nitrosoglutathione reductase (gsnor) metabolizes s-nitrosoglutathione (gsno) and has been shown to play important roles in regulating cellular signaling and formulating host defense by modulating intracellular nitric oxide levels. the enzyme has been found in bacterial, yeast, mushroom, plant, and mammalian cells. however, to date, there is still no evidence of its occurrence in filamentous fungi. in this study, we cloned and investigated a gsnor-like enzyme from the filamentous fungus aspergi ...	2016	26869606
cytotoxicity and colloidal behavior of polystyrene latex nanoparticles toward filamentous fungi in isotonic solutions.	the effects of surface physicochemical properties of functionalized polystyrene latex (psl) nanoparticles (nps) and model filamentous fungi aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus nidulans cultivated in different environment (aqueous and atmospheric environment) on the colloidal behavior and cytotoxicity were investigated in different isotonic solutions (154 mm nacl and 292 mm sucrose). when the liquid cultivated fungal cells were exposed to positively charged psl nps in 154 mm nacl solution, the nps ...	2016	26855210
characterization of the product of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like (nrps-like) gene using the doxycycline dependent tet-on system in aspergillus terreus.	genome sequencing of the fungus aspergillus terreus uncovered a number of silent core structural biosynthetic genes encoding enzymes presumed to be involved in the production of cryptic secondary metabolites. there are five nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps)-like genes with the predicted a-t-te domain architecture within the a. terreus genome. among the five genes, only the product of pgna remains unknown. the tet-on system is an inducible, tunable and metabolism-independent expression syste ...	2016	26851300
cooperation of aspergillus nidulans enzymes increases plant polysaccharide saccharification.	efficient polysaccharide degradation depends on interaction between enzymes acting on the main chain and the side chains. previous studies demonstrated cooperation between several enzymes, but not all enzyme combinations have been explored. a better understanding of enzyme cooperation would enable the design of better enzyme mixtures, optimally profiting from synergistic effects. in this study, we analyzed the cooperation of several enzymes involved in the degradation of xylan, glucan, xylogluca ...	2016	26848939
characterization of the aoda, dnma, mnsod and pima genes in aspergillus nidulans.	mitochondria play key roles in cellular energy generation and lifespan of most eukaryotes. to understand the functions of four nuclear-encoded genes predicted to be related to the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and function in aspergillus nidulans, systematic characterization was carried out. the deletion and overexpression mutants of aoda, dnma, mnsod and pima encoding alternative oxidase, dynamin related protein, manganese superoxide dismutase and lon protease, respectively, were gene ...	2016	26846452
genotoxic investigation of a thiazolidinedione pparγ agonist using the in vitro micronucleus test and the in vivo homozygotization assay.	pioglitazone (ptz) is an oral antidiabetic agent whose anti-cancer properties have been described recently. since ptz increases the production of reactive oxygen species in mammalian cells, the aim of current study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, mutagenic and recombinogenic effects of ptz using respectively the in vitro mitotic index assay and the in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test in human peripheral lymphocytes, and the in vivo homozygotization assay in aspergillus nidulans, which detec ...	2016	26825076
peroxisomes move by hitchhiking on early endosomes using the novel linker protein pxda.	eukaryotic cells use microtubule-based intracellular transport for the delivery of many subcellular cargos, including organelles. the canonical view of organelle transport is that organelles directly recruit molecular motors via cargo-specific adaptors. in contrast with this view, we show here that peroxisomes move by hitchhiking on early endosomes, an organelle that directly recruits the transport machinery. using the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans we found that hitchhiking is mediated ...	2016	26811422
apical control of conidiation in aspergillus nidulans.	the infection cycle of filamentous fungi consists of two main stages: invasion (growth) and dispersion (development). after the deposition of a spore on a host, germination, polar extension and branching of vegetative cells called hyphae allow a fast and efficient invasion. under suboptimal conditions, genetic reprogramming of hyphae results in the generation of asexual spores, allowing dissemination to new hosts and the beginning of a new infection cycle. in the model filamentous fungus aspergi ...	2016	26782172
an aspergillus nidulans gh26 endo-β-mannanase with a novel degradation pattern on highly substituted galactomannans.	the activity and substrate degradation pattern of a novel aspergillus nidulans gh26 endo-β-mannanase (anman26a) was investigated using two galactomannan substrates with varying amounts of galactopyranosyl residues. the anman26a was characterized in parallel with the gh26 endomannanase from podospora anserina (paman26a) and three gh5 endomannanases from a. nidulans and trichoderma reesei (anman5a, anman5c and trman5a). the initial rates and the maximal degree of enzymatically catalyzed conversion ...	2016	26777252
changes of global gene expression and secondary metabolite accumulation during light-dependent aspergillus nidulans development.	fungal development and secondary metabolite production are coordinated by regulatory complexes as the trimeric velvet complex. light accelerates asexual but decreases sexual development of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. changes in gene expression and secondary metabolite accumulation in response to environmental stimuli have been the focus of many studies, but a comprehensive comparison during entire development is lacking. we compared snapshots of transcript and metabolite profile ...	2016	26773375
function and regulation of fungal amino acid transporters: insights from predicted structure.	amino acids constitute a major nutritional source for probably all fungi. studies of model species such as the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans have shown that they possess multiple amino acid transporters. these proteins belong to a limited number of superfamilies, now defined according to protein fold in addition to sequence criteria, and differ in subcellular location, substrate specificity range, and regulation. structural models of several of th ...	2016	26721271
a global view of gene expression of aspergillus nidulans on responding to the deficiency in soluble potassium.	many researchers have suggested that microbes can accelerate the weathering of silicate minerals. however, many genes and metabolic pathways related to microorganisms obtaining potassium (k) from silicate remain undiscovered. it is feasible to detect the gene expression within the scope of the whole genome through high-throughput sequencing. surprisingly, only a few reports have shown fungal weathering of silicate using this technology. this study explored differences in gene expression of asper ...	2016	26693724
growth-phase sterigmatocystin formation on lactose is mediated via low specific growth rates in aspergillus nidulans.	seed contamination with polyketide mycotoxins such as sterigmatocystin (st) produced by aspergilli is a worldwide issue. the st biosynthetic pathway is well-characterized in a. nidulans, but regulatory aspects related to the carbon source are still enigmatic. this is particularly true for lactose, inasmuch as some st production mutant strains still synthesize st on lactose but not on other carbon substrates. here, kinetic data revealed that on d-glucose, st forms only after the sugar is depleted ...	2016	27916804
proteins interacting with crea and creb in the carbon catabolite repression network in aspergillus nidulans.	in aspergillus nidulans, carbon catabolite repression (ccr) is mediated by the global repressor protein crea. the deubiquitinating enzyme creb is a component of the ccr network. genetic interaction was confirmed using a strain containing complete loss-of-function alleles of both crea and creb. no direct physical interaction was identified between tagged versions of crea and creb. to identify any possible protein(s) that may form a bridge between crea and creb, we purified both proteins from myce ...	2016	27915380
transporter oligomerization: form and function.	transporters are integral membrane proteins with central roles in the efficient movement of molecules across biological membranes. many transporters exist as oligomers in the membrane. depending on the individual transport protein, oligomerization can have roles in membrane trafficking, function, regulation and turnover. for example, our recent studies on uapa, a nucleobase ascorbate transporter, from aspergillus nidulans, have revealed both that dimerization of this protein is essential for cor ...	2016	27913684
the creb deubiquitinating enzyme does not directly target the crea repressor protein in aspergillus nidulans.	ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways are now recognized as key components of gene regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotes. the major transcriptional repressor for carbon catabolite repression in aspergillus nidulans is crea, and mutational analysis led to the suggestion that a regulatory ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathway is involved. a key unanswered question is if and how this pathway, comprising creb (deubiquitinating enzyme) and hula (ubiquitin ligase) and other proteins, is involved in ...	2016	27878624
role of hxkc, a mitochondrial hexokinase-like protein, in fungal programmed cell death.	apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death (pcd) that occurs during animal development and is also triggered by a variety of signals including nutrient or oxidative stress, hypoxia, dna damage, viral infection and oncogenic transformation. though apoptotic-like pcd also occurs in plants and fungi, genes encoding several of the key players in mammalian apoptosis (p53 and bh-domain proteins) have not been identified in these kingdoms. in this report we investigated whether hxkc, a mitochondrial ...	2016	27836782
the mechanism of peroxisome motility in filamentous fungi.	peroxisomes (pos) are an essential part of the fungal cell's inventory. they are involved in cellular lipid homeostasis, reactive oxygen metabolism and in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. these functions are thought to require frequent organelle-organelle interactions and the even-distribution of pos in fungal hypha. recent work in the basidiomycete ustilago maydis and the ascomycete aspergillus nidulans reveals a crucial role of early endosomes (ees) in the dynamic behavior of pos requir ...	2016	27825929
acute hepatic necrosis and death in a subadult southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) associated with exposure to sterigmatocystin in forage contaminated with aspergillus nidulans.	a young male southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum), which was resident in a zoo as part of a multi-rhinoceros group, died suddenly. necropsy and histopathological findings supported a diagnosis of death from acute hepatic necrosis. the microscopic distribution of liver lesions was suggestive of hepatotoxicosis. further investigation revealed potential exposure to a mycotoxin, sterigmatocystin, present in spoiled lucerne hay contaminated with aspergillus nidulans. it was concluded that ...	2016	27785798
design and synthesis of purine analogues as highly specific ligands for fcyb, a ubiquitous fungal nucleobase transporter.	in the course of our study on fungal purine transporters, a number of new 3-deazapurine analogues have been rationally designed, based on the interaction of purine substrates with the aspergillus nidulans fcyb carrier, and synthesized following an effective synthetic procedure. certain derivatives have been found to specifically inhibit fcyb-mediated [(3)h]-adenine uptake. molecular simulations have been performed, suggesting that all active compounds interact with fcyb through the formation of ...	2016	27720327
fungal cell cycle: a unicellular versus multicellular comparison.	all cells must accurately replicate dna and partition it to daughter cells. the basic cell cycle machinery is highly conserved among eukaryotes. most of the mechanisms that control the cell cycle were worked out in fungal cells, taking advantage of their powerful genetics and rapid duplication times. here we describe the cell cycles of the unicellular budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and the multicellular filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. we compare and contrast morphological landma ...	2016	28087934
cation-stress-responsive transcription factors slta and crza regulate morphogenetic processes and pathogenicity of colletotrichum gloeosporioides.	growth of colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the presence of cation salts nacl and kcl inhibited fungal growth and anthracnose symptom of colonization. previous reports indicate that adaptation of aspergillus nidulans to salt- and osmotic-stress conditions revealed the role of zinc-finger transcription factors slta and crza in cation homeostasis. homologs of a. nidulans slta and crza were identified in c. gloeosporioides. the c. gloeosporioides crza homolog is a 682-amino acid protein, which cont ...	2016	28030573
engineering fungal nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like enzymes by heterologous expression and domain swapping.	a facile genetic methodology in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans allowed the exchange of various domains in nonribosomal peptide synthase (nrps)-like enzymes from aspergillus terreus. the newly generated engineered enzymes are capable of producing compounds with different chemical structures than its parent enzyme in vivo. this work provides insight in the programing of nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis in filamentous fungi.	2016	27978657
spectroscopic evidence for the two c-h-cleaving intermediates of aspergillus nidulans isopenicillin n synthase.	the enzyme isopenicillin n synthase (ipns) installs the β-lactam and thiazolidine rings of the penicillin core into the linear tripeptide l-δ-aminoadipoyl-l-cys-d-val (acv) on the pathways to a number of important antibacterial drugs. a classic set of enzymological and crystallographic studies by baldwin and co-workers established that this overall four-electron oxidation occurs by a sequence of two oxidative cyclizations, with the β-lactam ring being installed first and the thiazolidine ring se ...	2016	27193226
new natural products isolated from metarhizium robertsii arsef 23 by chemical screening and identification of the gene cluster through engineered biosynthesis in aspergillus nidulans a1145.	to rapidly identify novel natural products and their associated biosynthetic genes from underutilized and genetically difficult-to-manipulate microbes, we developed a method that uses (1) chemical screening to isolate novel microbial secondary metabolites, (2) bioinformatic analyses to identify a potential biosynthetic gene cluster and (3) heterologous expression of the genes in a convenient host to confirm the identity of the gene cluster and the proposed biosynthetic mechanism. the chemical sc ...	2016	27189118
stereospecific capillary electrophoresis assays using pentapeptide substrates for the study of aspergillus nidulans methionine sulfoxide reductase a and mutant enzymes.	stereospecific capillary electrophoresis-based methods for the analysis of methionine sulfoxide [met(o)]-containing pentapeptides were developed in order to investigate the reduction of met(o)-containing peptide substrates by recombinant aspergillus nidulans methionine sulfoxide reductase a (msra) as well as enzymes carrying mutations in position glu99 and asp134. the separation of the diastereomers of the n-acetylated, c-terminally 2,4-dinitrophenyl (dnp)-labeled pentapeptides ac-lys-phe-met(o) ...	2016	27145186
production of 10r-hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids from hempseed oil hydrolyzate by recombinant escherichia coli cells expressing ppoc from aspergillus nidulans.	the first and second preferred substrates of recombinant escherichia coli cells expressing 10r-dioxygenase (ppoc) from aspergillus nidulans and the purified enzyme were linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, respectively. ppoc in cells showed higher thermal and reaction stabilities compared to purified ppoc. thus, 10r-hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids were produced from linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and hempseed oil hydrolyzate containing linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid as substrates by whole r ...	2016	27129531
engineering aspergillus nidulans for heterologous ent-kaurene and gamma-terpinene production.	terpenes are a large and varied group of natural products with a wide array of bioactivities and applications. the chemical production of industrially relevant terpenes can be expensive and time-consuming due to the structural complexity of these compounds. here, we studied aspergillus nidulans as a heterologous host for monoterpene and diterpene production. previously, we identified a novel diterpene gene cluster in a. nidulans and showed that overexpression of the cluster-specific transcriptio ...	2016	27098256
the first case of fungal endophthalmitis caused by emericella nidulans after cataract surgery.	emericella nidulans is a species that has only rarely been implicated in human disease after cataract surgery. here, we report the first postoperative case in the literature, as far as we know. the patient was a 50-year-old patient presented with mild anterior uveitis one week after cataract surgery, and hypopion developed over the next two days. first microbiological evaluation and the results of direct microscopy and cultures of the anterior chamber and vitreous samples were found to be negati ...	2016	27091580
structure of eukaryotic purine/h(+) symporter uapa suggests a role for homodimerization in transport activity.	the uric acid/xanthine h(+) symporter, uapa, is a high-affinity purine transporter from the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. here we present the crystal structure of a genetically stabilized version of uapa (uapa-g411vδ1-11) in complex with xanthine. uapa is formed from two domains, a core domain and a gate domain, similar to the previously solved uracil transporter uraa, which belongs to the same family. the structure shows uapa in an inward-facing conformation with xanthine bound to re ...	2016	27088252
a family of aa9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases in aspergillus nidulans is differentially regulated by multiple substrates and at least one is active on cellulose and xyloglucan.	fungal genomes contain multiple genes encoding aa9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (lpmos), a recently discovered class of enzymes known to be active on cellulose and expressed when grown on biomass. because of extensive genetic and biochemical data already available, aspergillus nidulans offers an excellent model system to study the need for multiple aa9 lpmos and their activity during oxidative degradation of biomass. we provide the first report on regulation of the entire family of aa9 lp ...	2016	27075737
transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of ionic liquid stimuli unveils enhanced secondary metabolism in aspergillus nidulans.	the inherent potential of filamentous fungi, especially of ascomycota, for producing diverse bioactive metabolites remains largely silent under standard laboratory culture conditions. innumerable strategies have been described to trigger their production, one of the simplest being manipulation of the growth media composition. supplementing media with ionic liquids surprisingly enhanced the diversity of extracellular metabolites generated by penicillia. this finding led us to evaluate the impact ...	2016	27072538
multiple effects of a commercial roundup® formulation on the soil filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans at low doses: evidence of an unexpected impact on energetic metabolism.	soil microorganisms are highly exposed to glyphosate-based herbicides (gbh), especially to roundup® which is widely used worldwide. however, studies on the effects of gbh formulations on specific non-rhizosphere soil microbial species are scarce. we evaluated the toxicity of a commercial formulation of roundup® (r450), containing 450 g/l of glyphosate (gly), on the soil filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, an experimental model microorganism. the median lethal dose (ld50) on solid media was ...	2016	27068896
palmitoylation of the cysteine residue in the dhhc motif of a palmitoyl transferase mediates ca2+ homeostasis in aspergillus.	finely tuned changes in cytosolic free calcium ([ca2+]c) mediate numerous intracellular functions resulting in the activation or inactivation of a series of target proteins. palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational modification involved in membrane protein trafficking between membranes and in their functional modulation. however, studies on the relationship between palmitoylation and calcium signaling have been limited. here, we demonstrate that the yeast palmitoyl transferase scakr1p h ...	2016	27058039
the adenylate-forming enzymes afea and tmpb are involved in aspergillus nidulans self-communication during asexual development.	aspergillus nidulans asexual sporulation (conidiation) is triggered by different environmental signals and involves the differentiation of specialized structures called conidiophores. the elimination of genes flba-e, flug, and tmpa results in a fluffy phenotype characterized by delayed conidiophore development and decreased expression of the conidiation essential gene brla. while flba-e encode regulatory proteins, flug and tmpa encode enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of independent signals n ...	2016	27047469
enhancement of echinocandin b production by a uv- and microwave-induced mutant of aspergillus nidulans with precursor- and biotin-supplying strategy.	echinocandin b belongs to lipopeptide antifungal antibiotic bearing five types of direct precursor amino acids including proline, ornithine, tyrosine, threonine, and leucine. the objective of this study is to screen over-producing mutant in order to improve echinocandin b production; a stable mutant aspergillus nidulans zjb12073, which can use fructose as optimal carbon source instead of expensive mannitol, was selected from thousand isolates after several cycles of uv and microwave irradiation ...	2016	27039401
development and validation of a custom microarray for global transcriptome profiling of the fungus aspergillus nidulans.	transcriptome profiling is a powerful tool for identifying gene networks from whole genome expression analysis in many living species. here is described the first extensively characterized platform using agilent microarray technology for transcriptome analysis in the filamentous fungus aspergillus (emericella) nidulans. we developed and validated a reliable gene expression microarray in 8 × 15 k format, with predictive and experimental data establishing its specificity and sensitivity. either on ...	2016	27038308
calcineurin and calcium channel ccha coordinate the salt stress response by regulating cytoplasmic ca2+ homeostasis in aspergillus nidulans.	the eukaryotic calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin is crucial for the environmental adaption of fungi. however, the mechanism of coordinate regulation of the response to salt stress by calcineurin and the high-affinity calcium channel ccha in fungi is not well understood. here we show that the deletion of ccha suppresses the hyphal growth defects caused by the loss of calcineurin under salt stress in aspergillus nidulans additionally, the hypersensitivity of the δcnaa st ...	2016	27037124
diverse regulation of the crea carbon catabolite repressor in aspergillus nidulans.	carbon catabolite repression (ccr) is a process that selects the energetically most favorable carbon source in an environment. ccr represses the use of less favorable carbon sources when a better source is available. glucose is the preferential carbon source for most microorganisms because it is rapidly metabolized, generating quick energy for growth. in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, ccr is mediated by the transcription factor crea, a c2h2 finger domain dna-binding protein. the ai ...	2016	27017621
accelerated nucleation of hydroxyapatite using an engineered hydrophobin fusion protein.	calcium phosphate mineralization is of particular interest in dental repair. a biomimetic approach using proteins or peptides is a highly promising way to reconstruct eroded teeth. in this study, the screening of several proteins is described for their binding and nucleating activities toward hydroxyapatite. out of 27 tested candidates, only two hydrophobin fusion proteins showed binding abilities to hydroxyapatite in a mouthwash formulation and an increased nucleation in artificial saliva. usin ...	2016	27010648
development of a candida glabrata dominant nutritional transformation marker utilizing the aspergillus nidulans acetamidase gene (amds).	the gene encoding aspergillus nidulans acetamidase (amds) was placed under control of candida albicans act1 promoter and terminator sequences and then cloned into a plasmid containing c. glabrata ars10,cen8 or ars10+cen8 sequences. all plasmids transformed c. glabrata wild-type cells to acetamide+, with the ars-only containing plasmid transforming cells at the highest frequencies (>1.0 × 10(4) transformants μg(-1)). plasmids were rapidly lost under non-selective conditions with the frequency dep ...	2016	26975388
thiamine synthesis regulates the fermentation mechanisms in the fungus aspergillus nidulans.	thiamine pyrophosphate (tpp) is a critical cofactor and its biosynthesis is under the control of tpp availability. here we disrupted a predicted thia gene of the fungus aspergillus nidulans and demonstrated that it is essential for synthesizing cellular thiamine. the thiamine riboswitch is a post-transcriptional mechanism for tpp to repress gene expression and it is located on a. nidulans thia pre-messenger rna. the thia riboswitch was not fully derepressed under thiamine-limited conditions, and ...	2016	26967817
involvement of an srf-mads protein mcma in regulation of extracellular enzyme production and asexual/sexual development in aspergillus nidulans.	srf-mads proteins are transcription factors conserved among eukaryotes that regulate a variety of cellular functions; however, their physiological roles are still not well understood in filamentous fungi. effects of a mutation in mcma gene that encodes the sole srf-mads protein in the fungus aspergillus nidulans were examined by rna sequencing. sequencing data revealed that expression levels of cellulase genes were significantly decreased by the mutation as reported previously. however, expressi ...	2016	26967516
emerging roles of nudc family: from molecular regulation to clinical implications.	nuclear distribution gene c (nudc) was first found in aspergillus nidulans as an upstream regulator of nudf, whose mammalian homolog is lissencephaly 1 (lis1). nudc is conserved from fungi to mammals. vertebrate nudc has three homologs: nudc, nudc-like protein (nudcl), and nudc-like protein 2 (nudcl2). all members of the nudc family share a conserved p23 domain, which possesses chaperone activity both in conjunction with and independently of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90). our group and the other ...	2016	26965524
laser capture microdissection to identify septum-associated proteins in aspergillus nidulans.	to spatially resolve genetic differences at the cellular level, the laser-capture microdissection technique was developed. with this method cells can be cut from tissues with a laser beam and analyzed for dna, rna or protein composition. here we adapted the technique to isolate septal microtubule-organizing center (mtoc)-associated proteins in aspergillus nidulans about 3000 septa were collected and subjected to peptide fingerprinting by mass-spectrometric analysis. we identified the microtubule ...	2016	26951366
regulation of genes encoding cellulolytic enzymes by pal-pacc signaling in aspergillus nidulans.	cellulosic biomass represents a valuable potential substitute for fossil-based fuels. as such, there is a strong need to develop efficient biotechnological processes for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass via the optimization of cellulase production by fungi. ambient ph is an important factor affecting the industrial production of cellulase. in the present study, we demonstrate that several aspergillus nidulans genes encoding cellulolytic enzymes are regulated by pal-pacc-mediated ph ...	2016	26946171
atp citrate lyase mediated cytosolic acetyl-coa biosynthesis increases mevalonate production in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	with increasing concern about the environmental impact of a petroleum based economy, focus has shifted towards greener production strategies including metabolic engineering of microbes for the conversion of plant-based feedstocks to second generation biofuels and industrial chemicals. saccharomyces cerevisiae is an attractive host for this purpose as it has been extensively engineered for production of various fuels and chemicals. many of the target molecules are derived from the central metabol ...	2016	26939608
characterization of a second physiologically relevant lactose permease gene (lacpb) in aspergillus nidulans.	in aspergillus nidulans, uptake rather than hydrolysis is the rate-limiting step of lactose catabolism. deletion of the lactose permease a-encoding gene (lacpa) reduces the growth rate on lactose, while its overexpression enables faster growth than wild-type strains are capable of. we have identified a second physiologically relevant lactose transporter, lacpb. glycerol-grown mycelia from mutants deleted for lacpb appear to take up only minute amounts of lactose during the first 60 h after a med ...	2016	26935851
the golgi apparatus: insights from filamentous fungi.	cargo passage through the golgi, albeit an undoubtedly essential cellular function, is a mechanistically unresolved and much debated process. although the main molecular players are conserved, diversification of the golgi among different eukaryotic lineages is providing us with tools to resolve standing controversies. during the past decade the golgi apparatus of model filamentous fungi, mainly aspergillus nidulans, has been intensively studied. here an overview of the most important findings in ...	2016	26932185
roles of aspergillus nidulans cdc42/rho gtpase regulators in hyphal morphogenesis and development.	the rho-related family of gtpases are pivotal regulators of morphogenetic processes in diverse eukaryotic organisms. in the filamentous fungi two related members of this family, cdc42 and rac1, perform particularly important roles in the establishment and maintenance of hyphal polarity. the activity of these gtpases is tightly controlled by two sets of regulators: guanine nucleotide exchange factors (gefs) and gtpase-activating proteins (gaps). despite the importance of cdc42 and rac1 in polariz ...	2016	26932184
a wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein is involved in endocytosis in aspergillus nidulans.	endocytosis is vital for hyphal tip growth in filamentous fungi and is involved in the tip localization of various membrane proteins. to investigate the function of a wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (wasp) in endocytosis of filamentous fungi, we identified a wasp ortholog-encoding gene, wspa, in aspergillus nidulans and characterized it. the wspa product, wspa, localized to the tips of germ tubes during germination and actin rings in the subapical regions of mature hyphae. wspa is essential for ...	2016	26927610
generation and characterization of indoor fungal aerosols for inhalation studies.	in the indoor environment, people are exposed to several fungal species. evident dampness is associated with increased respiratory symptoms. to examine the immune responses associated with fungal exposure, mice are often exposed to a single species grown on an agar medium. the aim of this study was to develop an inhalation exposure system to be able to examine responses in mice exposed to mixed fungal species aerosolized from fungus-infested building materials. indoor airborne fungi were sampled ...	2016	26921421
bsda(bsd2) -dependent vacuolar turnover of a misfolded version of the uapa transporter along the secretory pathway: prominent role of selective autophagy.	transmembrane proteins translocate cotranslationally in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) membrane and traffic as vesicular cargoes, via the golgi, in their final membrane destination. misfolding in the er leads to protein degradation basically through the erad/proteasome system. here, we use a mutant version of the purine transporter uapa (δr481) to show that specific misfolded versions of plasma membrane cargoes undergo vacuolar turnover prior to localization in the plasma membrane. we show that ...	2016	26917498
identification and characterization of putative xylose and cellobiose transporters in aspergillus nidulans.	the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels (second-generation biofuel production) is an environmentally friendlier alternative to petroleum-based energy sources. enzymatic deconstruction of lignocellulose, catalyzed by filamentous fungi such as aspergillus nidulans, releases a mixture of mono- and polysaccharides, including hexose (glucose) and pentose (xylose) sugars, cellodextrins (cellobiose), and xylooligosaccharides (xylobiose). these sugars can subsequently be fermented by yeast ...	2016	27708711
antimutagenicity and antigenotoxicity of aloe arborescens miller and aloe barbadensis miller in aspergillus nidulans and wistar rats.	medicinal plants such as aloe arborescens miller and aloe barbadensis miller are used by the general population to treat various diseases. therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimutagenicity of these two species using a methg1 system in aspergillus nidulans and the comet assay in rats. the animals were treated with the plants at concentrations of 360 and 720 mg/kg body weight (1 and 2, respectively) by gavage for 14 days, followed by the administration of etoposide on treatment ...	2016	27706687
a plastic vegetative growth threshold governs reproductive capacity in aspergillus nidulans.	ontogenetic phases separating growth from reproduction are a common feature of cellular life. long recognized for flowering plants and animals, early literature suggests this life-history component may also be prevalent among multicellular fungi. we establish the basis of developmental competence-the capacity to respond to induction of asexual development-in the filamentous saprotroph aspergillus nidulans, describing environmental influences, including genotype-by-environment interactions among ...	2016	27672092
a mitotic nuclear envelope tether for gle1 also impacts nuclear and nucleolar architecture.	during aspergillus nidulans mitosis peripheral nuclear pore complex (npc) proteins (nups) disperse from the core npc structure. unexpectedly, one predicted peripheral nup, gle1, remains at the mitotic ne via an unknown mechanism. gle1 affinity purification identified mtga ( m: itotic t: ether for g: le1), which tethers gle1 to the ne during mitosis, but not during interphase when gle1 is at npcs. mtga is the ortholog of the schizosaccharomyces pombe telomere-anchoring inner nuclear membrane prot ...	2016	27630260
d-galactose catabolism in penicillium chrysogenum: expression analysis of the structural genes of the leloir pathway.	in this study, we analyzed the expression of the structural genes encoding the five enzymes comprising the leloir pathway of d-galactose catabolism in the industrial cell factory penicillium chrysogenum on various carbon sources. the genome of p. chrysogenum contains a putative galactokinase gene at the annotated locus pc13g10140, the product of which shows strong structural similarity to yeast galactokinase that was expressed on lactose and d-galactose only. the expression profile of the galact ...	2016	27630054
plant defensins nad1 and nad2 induce different stress response pathways in fungi.	nicotiana alata defensins 1 and 2 (nad1 and nad2) are plant defensins from the ornamental tobacco that have antifungal activity against a variety of fungal pathogens. some plant defensins interact with fungal cell wall o-glycosylated proteins. therefore, we investigated if this was the case for nad1 and nad2, by assessing the sensitivity of the three aspergillus nidulans (an) o-mannosyltransferase (pmt) knockout (ko) mutants (an∆pmta, an∆pmtb, and an∆pmtc). an∆pmta was resistant to both defensin ...	2016	27598152
the creb deubiquitinating enzyme does not directly target the crea repressor protein in aspergillus nidulans.	ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways are now recognized as key components of gene regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotes. the major transcriptional repressor for carbon catabolite repression in aspergillus nidulans is crea, and mutational analysis led to the suggestion that a regulatory ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathway is involved. a key unanswered question is if and how this pathway, comprising creb (deubiquitinating enzyme) and hula (ubiquitin ligase) and other proteins, is involved in ...	2016	27589970