Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a national survey of the prevalence and impact of clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients. | we sought to determine nationwide, population-based trends in rates of clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection among hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) patients in the united states, and to determine its mortality and economic impact. | 2008 | 18513271 |
| effect of telephoned notification of positive clostridium difficile test results on the time to the ordering of antimicrobial therapy. | the time between electronic-medical-record reporting of a positive result of a test for clostridium difficile toxin in stool and the ordering of antimicrobial therapy was compared during consecutive periods when results were not telephoned (n = 274) and when results were telephoned (n = 90) to the clinical service. the mean times to the ordering of antimicrobial therapy were 11.9 and 3.6 hours, respectively (p < .001). | 2008 | 18518668 |
| outcome of colectomy for clostridium difficile colitis: a plea for early surgical management. | fulminant clostridium difficile colitis is a common nosocomial infection that occurs with increasing frequency. | 2008 | 18519126 |
| probiotics for children with diarrhea: an update. | this review focuses on the efficacy of probiotics for diarrhea in children in different settings: day-care centers, diarrhea acquired in the hospital, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and treatment of acute infectious diarrhea. for prevention of diarrhea acquired in day-care centers, 5 randomized and placebo-controlled trials have been published. probiotics tested were lactobacillus gg, bifidobacterium lactis (alone or in combination with streptococcus thermophilus), and lactobacillus reuteri. th ... | 2008 | 18520336 |
| clostridium difficile enteritis following total colectomy. | 2008 | 18524025 | |
| clostridium difficile infection after total joint arthroplasty: who is at risk? | clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is a recognized postoperative complication. however, the exact risk factors for this condition after total joint arthroplasty (tja) remain unknown. this case-controlled study intended to identify the predisposing factors for this condition. there were 16 cases of c difficile infections after 9880 tja (0.16% incidence) between january 2001 and may 2006 at our institution. the cases were matched with 32 controls for month/year of surgery and surgeon. this ... | 2008 | 18534454 |
| antimicrobial efficacy of copper surfaces against spores and vegetative cells of clostridium difficile: the germination theory. | persistent contamination of surfaces by spores of clostridium difficile is a major factor influencing the spread of c. difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad) in the clinical setting. in recent years, the antimicrobial efficacy of metal surfaces has been investigated against microorganisms including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. this study compared the survival of c. difficile on stainless steel, a metal contact surface widely used in hospitals, and copper surfaces. | 2008 | 18544601 |
| role of probiotics in antibiotic-associated diarrhea, clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, and recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, clostridium difficile diarrhea, and recurrent c. difficile diarrhea is reviewed. various probiotics have variable efficacy. more studies are needed to define further their efficacies, roles, and indications. | 2008 | 18545161 |
| hospital infection society prevalence survey of healthcare associated infection 2006: comparison of results between northern ireland and the republic of ireland. | as part of the third healthcare associated infection (hcai) prevalence survey of the united kingdom and ireland, hcai point prevalence surveys were carried out in northern ireland (ni) and the republic of ireland (roi). here we explore the potential benefits of comparing results from two countries with different healthcare systems, which employed similar methodologies and identical hcai definitions. forty-four acute adult hospitals in the roi and 15 in ni participated with a total of 11 185 pati ... | 2008 | 18547678 |
| intra-abdominal vagal blocking (vbloc therapy): clinical results with a new implantable medical device. | a new medical device uses high-frequency electrical algorithms to create intermittent vagal blocking (vbloc therapy). the aim is to assess the effects of vagal blocking on excess weight loss (ewl), safety, dietary intake, and vagal function. | 2008 | 18549888 |
| four country healthcare associated infection prevalence survey 2006: overview of the results. | a survey of adult patients was conducted in february 2006 to may 2006 in acute hospitals across england, wales, northern ireland and the republic of ireland to estimate the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (hcais). a total of 75 694 patients were surveyed; 5743 of these had hcais, giving a prevalence of 7.59% (95% confidence interval: 7.40-7.78). hcai prevalence in england was 8.19%, in wales 6.35%, in northern ireland 5.43% and in the republic of ireland 4.89%. the most common hca ... | 2008 | 18550218 |
| toxigenic and non-toxigenic clostridium difficile: determinants of intestinal colonisation and role in childhood atopic manifestations. | 2008 | 18559395 | |
| rifampin and rifaximin resistance in clinical isolates of clostridium difficile. | rifaximin, a poorly absorbed rifamycin derivative, is a promising alternative for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections. resistance to this agent has been reported, but no commercial test for rifaximin resistance exists and the molecular basis of this resistance has not been previously studied in c. difficile. to evaluate whether the rifampin etest would be a suitable substitute for rifaximin susceptibility testing in the clinical setting, we analyzed the in vitro rifaximin susceptib ... | 2008 | 18559647 |
| ontario's hospitals surpass those of quebec in c. difficile rates. | 2008 | 18559796 | |
| epidemiology of clostridium difficile-associated disease at university hospital basel including molecular characterisation of the isolates 2006-2007. | a prospective study was conducted during a one-year period between 2006 and 2007 to describe the epidemiology of clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) at university hospital basel, switzerland (uhbs) and to determine phenotypic and genotypic features of c. difficile strains isolated at the microbiology laboratory uhbs including strains from regional non-university hospitals. we prospectively identified 78 cdad cases at uhbs with an incidence of 2.65/1,000 hospitalised patients or 2.3/1 ... | 2008 | 18560909 |
| clostridium difficile infection: emerging concepts and treatments. | clostridium difficile infection has become one of the most common causes of diarrhea in patients frequenting hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and physicians' offices. although the pathogenesis and clinical description were well elucidated three decades ago, cure during the initial episode now occurs in fewer than two thirds of patients exhibiting clinical illness. the past decade has brought a new strain with more toxin. frequent relapses in elderly patients are now the norm rather than a ... | 2008 | 18627654 |
| clostridium difficile infection and inflammatory bowel disease: a marker for disease extent? | 2008 | 18628389 | |
| collateral damage. the rise of resistant c. difficile. | 2008 | 18635789 | |
| riboswitches in eubacteria sense the second messenger cyclic di-gmp. | cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (di-gmp) is a circular rna dinucleotide that functions as a second messenger in diverse species of bacteria to trigger wide-ranging physiological changes, including cell differentiation, conversion between motile and biofilm lifestyles, and virulence gene expression. however, the mechanisms by which cyclic di-gmp regulates gene expression have remained a mystery. we found that cyclic di-gmp in many bacterial species is sensed by a riboswitch class in messenger r ... | 2008 | 18635805 |
| impact of hydrogen peroxide vapor room decontamination on clostridium difficile environmental contamination and transmission in a healthcare setting. | to determine whether hydrogen peroxide vapor (hpv) decontamination can reduce environmental contamination with and nosocomial transmission of clostridium difficile. | 2008 | 18636950 |
| peripartum clostridium difficile infection: case series and review of the literature. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in nonhospitalized patients has been reported with increased frequency. an association between cdi and pregnancy has not been stressed. this review will report 4 cases of peripartum cdi with characterization of the infecting strain and a literature review. a pubmed search identified 24 recorded cases of peripartum cdi; information was available for 14 cases. most patients (91%) received prophylactic antibiotics during delivery or for treatment of bacterial i ... | 2008 | 18639213 |
| continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the postoperative period of major heart surgery. | aspiration of endotracheal secretions is a major step in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap). we compared conventional and continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions (cass) procedures in ventilated patients after major heart surgery (mhs). | 2008 | 18641114 |
| use of a rifaximin "chaser" in the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | 2008 | 18641597 | |
| rising economic impact of clostridium difficile-associated disease in adult hospitalized patient population. | clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) is responsible for increased morbidity and a substantial economic burden. incidences of cdad, including those with a severe course of illness, have been increasing rapidly. | 2008 | 18643746 |
| commentary: preventing clostridium difficile-associated disease: is it time to pay the piper? | 2008 | 18643747 | |
| metronidazole resistance in clostridium difficile is heterogeneous. | at our institution, the prevalence of clinical isolates of clostridium difficile with resistance to metronidazole is 6.3%. we observed that initial metronidazole mics of 16 to 64 mg/liter against toxigenic, primary fresh c. difficile isolates, as determined by agar dilution, decreased to 0.125 mg/liter after the isolates were thawed. in this study, we examined the possibility of heterogeneous or inducible resistance. totals of 14 metronidazole-resistant and 10 metronidazole-susceptible clinical ... | 2008 | 18650353 |
| characterization of clostridium difficile strains isolated from patients in ontario, canada, from 2004 to 2006. | clostridium difficile is the bacterium most commonly surmised to cause antimicrobial- and hospital-associated diarrhea in developed countries worldwide, and such infections are thought to be increasing in frequency and severity. a laboratory-based study was carried out to characterize c. difficile strains isolated from persons in ontario, canada, during 2004 to 2006 according to toxin type (enterotoxin a, cytotoxin b, and binary toxin [cdt]), tcdc gene characterization, ribotyping, pulsed-field ... | 2008 | 18650360 |
| estimation of faecal carriage of clostridium difficile in patients with ulcerative colitis using real time polymerase chain reaction. | ulcerative colitis (uc) is a disease of unknown aetiology in which exacerbations are sometimes linked to intestinal colonization by toxin-producing clostridium difficile. we undertook this study to detect and quantitatively assess c. difficile in the stool of patients with uc using real time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and to compare it with healthy individuals. | 2008 | 18653911 |
| proceedings from the 2nd international clostridium difficile symposium, maribor, slovenia, june 2007. | 2008 | 18655255 | |
| can the superbugs ever be beaten? | "cluttered, dirty and overcrowded" wards, "sloppy hygiene" practices among nurses and clinicians, including use of commodes and bedpans that had already been "condemned", and board and management-level failure to respond to repeated requests for more nursing staff, were among the major contributors to the 90 elderly patient clostridium difficile deaths at three large west kent nhs hospitals between april 2004 and september 2006, a recent bbc 1 panorama programme suggested. health estate journal ... | 2008 | 18655658 |
| cdc42 protein acts upstream of iqgap1 and regulates cytokinesis in mouse oocytes and embryos. | cdc42 and rac1 rho family gtpases, and their interacting protein iqgap1 are the key regulators of cell polarity. we examined the role of cdc42 and iqgap1 in establishing the polarity of mouse oocyte and regulation of meiotic and mitotic divisions. we showed that cdc42 was localized on the microtubules of meiotic and mitotic spindle and in the cortex of mouse oocytes and cleaving embryos. iqgap1 was present in the cytoplasm and cortex of growing and fully-grown oocytes. during maturation it disap ... | 2008 | 18662680 |
| tolevamer, an orally administered, toxin-binding polymer for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | genzyme corp is developing tolevamer, an anionic toxin-binding polymer that binds and neutralizes the clostridium difficile a and b toxins, for the potential treatment of c difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). two phase iii clinical trials of tolevamer in patients with cdad have been completed and results from the second trial are expected to be released imminently. | 2008 | 18666039 |
| univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for severe clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: importance of co-morbidity and serum c-reactive protein. | to investigate risk factors for severe clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (cdad) in hospitalised patients. | 2008 | 18666322 |
| germination of spores of clostridium difficile strains, including isolates from a hospital outbreak of clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad). | clostridium difficile is an emerging nosocomial pathogen and one of the major causes of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. cases of clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) are likely initiated by the ingestion of dormant c. difficile spores, which then germinate, outgrow and rapidly proliferate to cause gastrointestinal (gi) infections. to understand the initial stages of cdad pathogenesis, we have characterized the germination of spores from a collection of c. difficile strains, including ... | 2008 | 18667557 |
| application of isothermal helicase-dependent amplification with a disposable detection device in a simple sensitive stool test for toxigenic clostridium difficile. | enzyme immunoassays (eias) are commonly used for the diagnosis of cases of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). however, these eias have high false-negative rates, even in patients with severe clinical disease. we have developed an isoamp cdad test using a simple and user-friendly procedure to identify toxigenic c. difficile in feces. after dna extraction from fecal samples, both the conserved sequence of the 5'-end fragment of the c. difficile tcda toxin gene and competitive amplif ... | 2008 | 18669881 |
| epidemiology of clostridium species bacteremia in calgary, canada, 2000-2006. | to define the incidence, risk factors for acquisition, and outcomes associated with clostridial bacteremia in a large canadian health region. | 2008 | 18672296 |
| how to cut clostridium difficile infection. | this article provides an update on clostridium difficile and highlights the appropriate infection-control measures that need to be in place to reduce the infection. | 2008 | 18672843 |
| high levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones among clostridium difficile isolates in a spanish hospital. | 2008 | 18680418 | |
| assessment of reporting bias for clostridium difficile hospitalizations, united states. | 2008 | 18680680 | |
| rates of clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from spanish hospitals, 1997-2005. | we analyzed the spanish hospital discharges registered from 1997 to 2005 with patient diagnoses of "intestinal infection due to clostridium difficile." the mean annual incidence rate was 41.2 diagnoses per 100,000 discharges. a significant increase was found from 1997 to 2005 (slope of the regression line [b], 5.12; p < .001). overall rates were 2.5 times as high in the group of patients aged at least 65 years as in the group aged 45-64 years. | 2008 | 18681812 |
| [results of the application of a prevention protocol for clostridium difficile infection in an acute geriatric unit]. | 2008 | 18682125 | |
| smart approaches for reducing nosocomial infections in the icu. | nosocomial infections are problematic in the icu because of their frequency, morbidity, and mortality. the most common icu infections are pneumonia, bloodstream infection, and urinary tract infection, most of which are device related. surgical site infection is common in surgical icus, and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is occurring with increasing frequency. prospective observational studies confirm that use of evidence-based guidelines can reduce the rate of these icu infections, es ... | 2008 | 18682466 |
| european centre warns of need for better surveillance of c difficile. | 2008 | 18682480 | |
| aurintricarboxylic acid upregulates the thrombomodulin expression of endothelial cells and peripheral blood monocytes. | thrombomodulin has a central role in the regulation of coagulation through its ability to promote generation of the potent anticoagulant, activated protein c. aurintricarboxylic acid (ata) has been reported to inhibit platelet function by blocking von willebrand factor binding to platelet glycoprotein ib and to impede thrombosis development in vivo. in the present study, we demonstrated a novel antithrombotic effect of ata. the surface thrombomodulin expression of endothelial cells and periphera ... | 2008 | 18685431 |
| clostridium difficile infection in critically injured trauma patients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is an increasing problem worldwide. to our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating specifically the incidence of cdi in the critically injured trauma population. | 2008 | 18687049 |
| emphysematous cholecystitis: a case report. | abstract: a 65-year-old greek man with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension was admitted because of right upper quadrant pain, nausea and palpable right quadrant mass. on admission the patient was febrile (38.8 degrees c) with a total bilirubin level of 1.99 mg/dl (direct 0.59 mg/dl); sgot 1.26 mg/dl; na 135 mmol/l and k 2.9 mmol/l. the white blood count was 15200/mul with 92.2% neutrophiles. axial sections of single slice ct imaging (section thickness 10 mm), revealed emphysematous c ... | 2008 | 18687128 |
| [acute infectious diarrhea in adults]. | acute infectious diarrhoea are common and usually self-limited but their management is often inadequate due to over-prescriptions of stool cultures and antibiotics. from a clinical point of view, the most important point is to promptly identify presentations at risk of complications (severe dehydration, septic shock, surgical complications) such as elderly patients, co-morbidity, diabetes, renal or heart deficiency, immune deficiency...). when the epidemiological context is suggestive, physician ... | 2008 | 18689113 |
| [antibiotic-associated diarrhea]. | most of the cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea are benign, self-limited and presumably related to functional consequences of the alteration of gut microflora. in few cases, changes in the gut flora ecosystem allow pathogens to proliferate. clostridium difficile is responsible for approximately 10% of the cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the community, most of the cases of antibiotic-associated colitis, and almost all the cases of pseudomembranous colitis. according to anatomoclini ... | 2008 | 18689117 |
| clostridium difficile in adult patients with nosocomial diarrhea in a costa rican hospital. | stool samples from 104 adult patients with nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea were analyzed for clostridium difficile by cultivation, toxin a inmunoenzymatic detection, and toxin b cytotoxic detection. the isolates were additionally screened for the toxin genes by polymerase chain reaction. c. difficile was isolated from 26 samples, and the toxins were directly detected in another 5 samples. toxin a and b genes were detected in all toxigenic bacterial isolates. the detection rate of 30% i ... | 2008 | 18689617 |
| amebic colitis in an antigenically and serologically negative patient: usefulness of a small-subunit ribosomal rna gene-based polymerase chain reaction in diagnosis. | specific identification of entamoeba histolytica in clinical specimens is an essential confirmatory diagnostic step in the management of amebiasis. here, we report an unusual case of amebic colitis in a 20-year-old female immigrant from south china. the patient had experienced diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, and fever for approximately 3 weeks prior to admission to hospital and had treated herself at home with metronidazole. on admission, stool microscopy and serology for e. histolytica were ne ... | 2008 | 18691843 |
| [rectal prolapse in a 3-year-8-month-old child]. | starting from a recent clinical case, we present the different causes of rectal prolapse and their specific treatments. in this case, the relation to infectious colitis was questionable. | 2008 | 18693092 |
| emergence of reduced susceptibility to metronidazole in clostridium difficile. | antimicrobial treatment for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has typically been metronidazole, although reports have questioned the efficacy of this option. we screened recently isolated c. difficile (2005-06) for susceptibility to metronidazole and compared results for historic isolates (1995-2001). | 2008 | 18693234 |
| orally administered beta-lactamase enzymes represent a novel strategy to prevent colonization by clostridium difficile. | antibiotics that are excreted into the intestinal tract and that disrupt the indigenous microbiota may promote infection by clostridium difficile. we previously demonstrated that oral administration of a proteolysis-resistant, recombinant class a beta-lactamase inactivates ampicillin or piperacillin excreted into the small intestine during parenteral treatment. we hypothesized that oral administration of this beta-lactamase in conjunction with parenteral ampicillin or piperacillin would preserve ... | 2008 | 18693236 |
| inappropriate use of loperamide worsens clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. | 2008 | 18694612 | |
| activity of a dry mist hydrogen peroxide system against environmental clostridium difficile contamination in elderly care wards. | clostridium difficile causes serious healthcare-associated infections. infection control is difficult, due in part to environmental contamination with c. difficile spores. these spores are relatively resistant to cleaning and disinfection. the activity of a dry mist hydrogen peroxide decontamination system (sterinis) against environmental c. difficile contamination was assessed in three elderly care wards. initial sampling for c. difficile was performed in 16 rooms across a variety of wards and ... | 2008 | 18694613 |
| gastric acid suppression by proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients. | evidence for the association between clostridium difficile (c. difficile) and the use of proton pump inhibitor (ppi) is unclear. this study investigated the relationship between clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) and exposure to acid suppressive therapy in hospitalized adult patients while controlling for the most common predisposing risk factors. | 2008 | 18702653 |
| combination therapy with direct hemoperfusion using polymyxin b-immobilized fiber and oral vancomycin improves fulminant pseudomembranous colitis by reducing the elevated endogenous cannabinoids and inflammatory cytokines: report of a case. | this paper reports a case of fulminant pseudo-membranous colitis which did not lead to septic shock. the case was improved by combination therapy with direct hemoperfusion using polymyxin b-immobilized fiber and oral vancomycin. direct hemoperfusion using polymyxin b-immobilized fiber has been demonstrated to have excellent therapeutic effects for the treatment of septic shock by removing circulating lipopolysaccharide. in the present case, the combination therapy dramatically improved clinical ... | 2008 | 18705306 |
| benefit-risk assessment of linezolid for serious gram-positive bacterial infections. | linezolid is an oxazolidinone, a new class of antibacterial with a unique mechanism of action, namely inhibition of the formation of a functional 70s initiation complex in the 50s bacterial ribosomal subunit. linezolid is highly active against multidrug-resistant gram-positive cocci, including meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant s. aureus, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci; its spectrum of activity also includes some anaerobic ba ... | 2008 | 18707190 |
| molecular characterization of a clostridium difficile bacteriophage and its cloned biologically active endolysin. | clostridium difficile infection is increasing in both frequency and severity, with the emergence of new highly virulent strains highlighting the need for more rapid and effective methods of control. here, we show that bacteriophage endolysin can be used to inhibit and kill c. difficile. the genome sequence of a novel bacteriophage that is active against c. difficile was determined, and the bacteriophage endolysin gene was subcloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the partially purified endoly ... | 2008 | 18708505 |
| infection control and prevention in perioperative practice. | the personal and financial consequences of avoidable infection are enormous in personal and global terms (dh 2003, stone, larson & kawar 2002). patients expect to be treated and cared for in clean conditions, and not be exposed to the risks of acquiring an infection by poor practice on the part of healthcare workers (dh 2005, health care commission 2005). infection control and prevention in perioperative settings assumes an even greater significance because of the vulnerability of patients who a ... | 2008 | 18710124 |
| [clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea threatens the patient safety!]. | 2008 | 18710154 | |
| an elderly woman with 'red man syndrome' in association with oral vancomycin therapy: a case report. | abstract: | 2008 | 18710566 |
| current treatment options for severe clostridium difficile-associated disease. | a notable trend toward severe clostridium difficile colitis and poor outcomes has emerged since recognition of the hyper-virulent c. difficile nap1/027 strain. this trend has increased the emphasis on appropriate treatment regimens in refractory cases of c. difficile infection. in mild-to-moderate cases, oral metronidazole remains adequate first-line therapy, but in the absence of a good clinical response, switching to vancomycin may be necessary. oral vancomycin should be used as initial therap ... | 2008 | 21904490 |
| hearing the alarm. | many directors of nursing will, like me, have read with interest the healthcare commission ( 2007 ) report into the outbreaks of clostridium difficile at maidstone and tunbridge wells nhs trust, kent, and, being responsible to their trust boards for infection control, will have reassessed their trusts' policies in light of its recommendations. | 2008 | 27724551 |
| rare case of "red man" syndrome in a female patient treated with oral vancomycin for clostridium difficile diarrhoea. | a 58-year-old caucasian woman was admitted for knee replacement but during the postoperative period she developed sepsis due to pneumonia, which was treated with coamoxiclav and then piperacillin (for 2 weeks). she had renal failure, which needed haemofiltration. during her recovery she had diarrhoea due to clostridium difficile, which was not controlled with metronidazole. vancomycin was therefore given, but she developed urticarial erythematous skin rash and hence it was stopped. she was not o ... | 2009 | 21886654 |
| clostridium difficile enteritis in a patient after total proctocolectomy. | clostridium difficile infection is associated with antibiotic therapy and usually limited to the colonic mucosa. however, it is also a rare cause of enteritis, with only a few cases reported in the literature. in the present report, the case of a 30-year-old woman with clostridium difficile enteritis who previously had a panproctocolectomy with end ileostomy for severe ulcerative colitis is described. previously reported cases of clostridium difficile enteritis are also reviewed. previous antibi ... | 2009 | 21686438 |
| pseudomembranous colitis in four patients with cystic fibrosis following lung transplantation. | in the present study, 4 patients with cystic fibrosis undergoing lung transplantation (from a total of 137) who developed fulminant pseudomembranous colitis are described. initial presentation was variable and the mortality rate was 50% despite urgent colectomy. in one case the presenting abdominal distension was thought to be due to meconium ileus equivalent. it is concluded that clostridium difficile colitis may be a difficult diagnosis in patients with cystic fibrosis and follows a fulminant ... | 2009 | 21686410 |
| clostridium difficile-associated colitis following the use of chinese medicine. | chinese medicine is becoming widely used in the uk to treat many medical conditions, including acne. we report a case in which chinese medicine, lian qiao bai du wan, was used to treat acne in a teenage boy. the patient then suffered severe diarrhoea with blood and mucus per rectum. examination of the stool revealed clostridium difficile infection. treatment with oral metronidazole improved his symptoms. | 2009 | 21686665 |
| increasing incidence of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in inflammatory bowel disease. | over the last decade a rise in clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) has been observed. a higher incidence of cdad has also been suggested in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), and may be a challenging factor in the differential diagnosis of flares. it is unclear if the increase is caused by the enhanced use of immunosuppressive therapy in ibd. we investigated if cdad infection is increasing in ibd patients and evaluated outcome and possible predisposing factors. | 2009 | 21172241 |
| diagnosis of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | 2009 | 21172260 | |
| diagnostic algorithm using a sensitive broth culture method for detection of clostridium difficile toxin from stool samples. | the two-step glutamate dehydrogenase antigencytotoxicity neutralization assay algorithm has been found to be reliable for the diagnosis of toxigenic clostridium difficile. however, the high sensitivity of the screening method is compromised by the relative low sensitivity of the second step, the direct cytotoxin neutralization assay (dcna) using a fecal filtrate. the objective of the present study was to compare the dcna with an indirect cytotoxin neutralization assay (icna). | 2009 | 21119790 |
| a study of the prevalence of cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic klebsiella oxytoca fecal colonization in two patient populations. | klebsiella oxytoca is a cause of antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. few reports of the occurrence of k oxytoca within stool exist and there is no gold standard method for its isolation. | 2009 | 21119796 |
| clostridium difficile in solid organ transplant recipients. | 2009 | 20070693 | |
| enteric pathogens in hiv/aids from a tertiary care hospital. | patterns of enteric infections in hiv in developing countries may differ in several important ways from developed countries, the knowledge of which can often guide therapy when resource limitations hamper the exact diagnosis of the etiological agent in hiv-associated diarrhea. | 2009 | 20049303 |
| clostridium difficile infection: a critical analysis of the guidance. | a recent report by the department of health, clostridium difficile infection: how to deal with the problem - a board to ward approach, is a revised set of guidelines based on best practice and key recommendations for the nhs to ensure the control of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). it takes into account a national framework for clinical governance which did not previously exist, a framework that gives significant weight to infection control as a matter of patient safety, and highlights tha ... | 2009 | 20081684 |
| infection control: a review for certification. | 2009 | 20088193 | |
| battling h1n1. | 2009 | 20108792 | |
| stool transplantation for older patients with clostridium difficile infection. | 2009 | 20122011 | |
| nosocomial diarrhoea in adult medical patients: the role of clostridium difficile in a north italian acute care teaching hospital. | the number of patients with severe clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad) increases. health care facilities are requested to establish rates of nosocomially acquired cdad (n-cdad) to understand the impact of control or prevention measures, and the burden of n-cdad on health care resources. | 2009 | 20099443 |
| clostridium difficile: highlights from anaerobe 2008, the 9th biennial congress of the anaerobe society of the americas, long beach, california, usa, june 24-27, 2008. | 2009 | 20151487 | |
| detection of clostridium difficile infection: a suggested laboratory diagnostic algorithm. | currently, the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) relies on the detection of toxins a and b in faeces but the sensitivity of these tests has been questioned, particularly in advanced disease. in this context, additional methods to enhance the diagnosis of c. difficile have been investigated. in this study, 1007 faecal samples are tested using toxigenic culture, an immunoassay for toxins ab and the c. difficile-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) test. samples positive by any o ... | 2009 | 20095124 |
| [specific antisepsis and environmental disinfection in preventing "clostridium difficile associated diarrhea"]. | in the last years, clostridium difficile acquired great interest for public health because of constant increase of clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (cdad), especially in nosocomial field and as a consequences of its pathogenicity and virulence. oro-faecal transmission and great environmental persistence of clostridium difficile indicate hand hygiene of health care workers and environmental disinfection practices as key interventions for prevention and control of nosocomial cdad. the cur ... | 2009 | 20169831 |
| injudicious antibiotic use leading to fulminating clostridium difficile infection: a case report. | the case illustrates the myriad of fulminating complications due to clostridium difficile infection in a previously healthy individual without any risk factors. community acquired clostridium difficile infection can occur even many weeks after the course of broad spectrum antibiotics. there is no definitive pattern or guidelines to predict who would develop the fulminating complications. | 2009 | 20181200 |
| [factors associated with clostridium difficile disease in a tertiary-care medical institution in mexico: a case-control study]. | clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) has been clearly associated with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics worldwide. however, information about cdad is scarce in mexico and latin america. | 2009 | 20184096 |
| prevalence and etiology of nosocomial diarrhoea in children < 5 years in tikrit teaching hospital. | a cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out at tikrit teaching hospital, iraq, from october 2004 to september 2005, to identify the prevalence and etiology of nosocomial infectious diarrhoea among children under 5 years of age. of 259 children admitted to the paediatric ward for reasons other than diarrhoea and hospitalized for more than 3 days, clinical and laboratory analysis of stool samples showed nosocomial diarrhoea in 84 children (32.4%). the most common causative agents were e ... | 2009 | 20214124 |
| prevention of clostridium difficile infection with saccharomyces boulardii: a systematic review. | clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea within the hospital setting. the yeast saccharomyces boulardii has been found to have some effect in reducing the risk of c difficile infection (cdi); however, its role in preventive therapy has yet to be firmly established. | 2009 | 20011734 |
| prescribing cascade in an 80-year-old japanese immigrant. | 2009 | 20002762 | |
| c. difficile outside hospital. | 2009 | 20009039 | |
| [clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (cdad)--hard to crack]. | clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) is the most common documented cause of nosocomial diarrhea in developed countries. in recent years morbidity and mortality associated with this pathogen have increased significantly, simultaneously with the appearance of a new strain--nap1/bi/027--which was implicated in epidemics of severe disease in hospitals around the world. despite the accumulated experience in identification and treatment of patients, physicians continue to face complicated ... | 2009 | 20027984 |
| [clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea due to antimicrobial for perioperative antibacterial prophylaxis-clinical observation in 8 patients]. | 2009 | 20034326 | |
| changes in laboratory and clinical workload for clostridium difficile infection from 2003-2007. | abstract clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a growing concern with increases in incidence and associated financial burden. retrospective analysis of patients admitted to hospitals in edinburgh from 2003-2007 and tested for c. difficile toxins was performed. a total of 45412 faecal samples were tested and 6286 (13.8%) were positive. overall cdi was identified in 1.7 cases/1000 in-patient occupied bed days (obd). the incidence of cdi fell from 1.98 cases/1000 obd in 2006 to 1.48 cases/1000 o ... | 2009 | 20041900 |
| assessment of the potential risk of infection associated with clostridium difficile from porcine xenografts. | there are numerous concerns over the potential for transfer of pathogens between species during clinical xenotransplantation, and although current clinical application is limited, porcine xenografts have been previously used to treat patients with severe burns. donor animals providing the xenografts are sourced from a healthy commercial herd, however, as pigs are a known source of zoonotic agents, a number of diseases are required to be excluded from pigs used for xenotransplantation purposes. m ... | 2009 | 20042046 |
| 18-f fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography indicating unsuspected infections in two patients with dermatomyositis. | dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that may be associated with malignancies. the technique of 18-f fluorodeoxyglucose (fdg)-positron emission tomography (pet) is an important tool to investigate underlying malignancy in patients with a possible paraneoplastic syndrome. we report two consecutive patients with dermatomyositis in whom 18-f fdg-pet revealed unsuspected infections. physicians should be aware that a positive 18-f fdg-pet is not specific for malignancy and may revea ... | 2009 | 20055842 |
| therapy- and non-therapy-dependent infectious complications in inflammatory bowel disease. | patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) are susceptible to infections. | 2009 | 19897974 |
| application of a novel decontamination process using gaseous ozone. | environmental disinfection in a health care setting is an important aspect of infection control. recently, there has been interest in the use of vapor- and gas-based treatments for decontamination of surfaces and rooms. we describe preliminary results for an ozone-based decontamination of surfaces seeded with a range of vegetative cells and spores of bacteria of clinical relevance. the efficacy of the approach for room sanitization was also assessed. the protocol included use of a quenching agen ... | 2009 | 19898532 |
| antimicrobial prophylaxis in colorectal surgery: focus on ertapenem. | despite improvement in infection control measures and surgical practice, surgical site infections (ssis) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. in colorectal surgery, perioperative administration of a suitable antimicrobial regimen that covers both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria is universally accepted. in a prospective, double-blind, randomized study ertapenem was recently found to be more effective than cefotetan, a parenteral cephalosporin so broadly used as to be considered as gold ... | 2009 | 19898647 |
| antimicrobial resistance in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhoea and the number of outbreaks has risen markedly since 2003. the emergence and spread of resistance in c. difficile is complicating treatment and prevention. most isolates are still susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole (mtz), however transient and heteroresistance to mtz have been reported. the prevalence of resistance to other antimicrobial agents is highly variable in different populations and in different countries ... | 2009 | 19828299 |
| [comparison of two enzyme immunoassay for detection of clostridium difficile toxin a and toxin b]. | enzyme immunoassay (eia) capable of detecting both toxin a and toxin b is strongly recommended for the diagnosis of clostridium difficile associated disease. therefore, we evaluated two different eias for the detection of c. difficile toxin a/b. | 2009 | 19411778 |
| historical and changing epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections. | this review compares the historical perspectives on healthcare-associated infections (hcais) with the current changing epidemiological picture as it relates to these infections. evidence in support of these changes is given using trends in mortality for clostridium difficile and meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in england as examples. the impact of current intervention programmes which target these, and other hcais, is also considered and knowledge gaps and options for chan ... | 2009 | 19925942 |
| [infections with clostridium difficile following antibiotic therapy]. | 2009 | 19927920 |