Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| plasmid capture by the bacillus thuringiensis conjugative plasmid pxo16. | conjugation, mobilization, and retromobilization are three related mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. they have been extensively studied in gram-negative species, where retromobilization, the capture of dna from a recipient by a donor cell, was shown to result from two successive steps: the transfer of the conjugative plasmid from the donor to the recipient followed by the retrotransfer of the mobilizable plasmid to the donor. this successive model was established for gram-negat ... | 2009 | 19181805 |
| interaction of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 and vip3a proteins with spodoptera frugiperda midgut binding sites. | vip3aa, vip3af, cry1ab, and cry1fa were tested for their toxicities and binding interactions. vip3a proteins were more toxic than cry1 proteins. binding assays showed independent specific binding sites for cry1 and vip3a proteins. cry1ab and cry1fa competed for the same binding sites, whereas vip3aa competed for those of vip3af. | 2009 | 19181834 |
| using an f(2) screen to monitor frequency of resistance alleles to bt cotton in field populations of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | in an effort to control the most devastating cotton pest, helicoverpa armigera (hübner), in qiuxian county (hebei, china), bt cotton has been planted almost exclusively since 1998 in this area. owing to the high insecticidal selection pressures in this region, monitoring of bt resistance in h. armigera is necessary so that proactive actions can be implemented before field control measures fail. from 2003 to 2005, an f(2) screen was conducted in order to monitor bt resistance in h. armigera popul ... | 2009 | 19165746 |
| modified female calling behaviour in cry1ac-resistant helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the resistance risk in helicoverpa armigera (hübner) to transgenic cotton that expresses cry1ac from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has raised concerns about the sustainable deployment of bt cotton. mating behaviour between resistant and susceptible individuals is an important factor that affects resistance evolution of the insect. the female calling behaviours of the cry1ac-resistant strain and its susceptible control were compared in the laboratory to understand the difference in mating biology. | 2009 | 19165761 |
| development of stable isotope and selenomethionine labeling methods for proteins expressed in pseudomonas fluorescens. | pseudomonas fluorescens is a robust protein expression system that is very well suited for high throughput protein expression for structural genomics studies. since nmr spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography are both used by various investigators in structure elucidation studies, the availability of target proteins labeled with stable isotopes or selenomethionine is essential for the determination of protein structures. a completely defined medium for the expression and stable isotope labeling o ... | 2009 | 19166940 |
| identification of non-flagellar genes involved in swarm cell differentiation using a bacillus thuringiensis mini-tn10 mutant library. | swarming is a social phenomenon that enables motile bacteria to move co-ordinately over solid surfaces. the molecular basis regulating this process is not completely known and may vary among species. insertional mutagenesis of a swarming-proficient bacillus thuringiensis strain was performed, by use of the transposon mini-tn10, to identify novel genetic determinants of swarming that are dispensable for flagellation, swimming motility, chemotaxis and active growth. among the 67 non-swarming mutan ... | 2009 | 19246762 |
| design of a bacillus thuringiensis-based formulation that increases feeding preference on spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae. | a bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-based formulation intended to increase feeding response in spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) was developed. eight matrices were prepared from natural ingredients and confronted with fresh maize leaves to select one highly palatable to larvae. the selected matrix was combined with bt hd-125 strain at three different concentrations (30, 70, and 100 g/kg) of the spore-crystal complex to elaborate three insecticidal formulations. effects caused by the ... | 2009 | 19253618 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac resistance frequency in tobacco budworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is one of the most important pests of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l, that has become resistant to a wide range of synthetic insecticides. crylac-expressing cotton has proven its effectiveness against this insect since its introduction in north america in 1996. however, the constant exposure of tobacco budworm to this protein toxin may result in the development of resistance to it. to estimate the frequency of alleles that con ... | 2009 | 19253658 |
| broad-spectrum cross-resistance in spodoptera exigua from selection with a marginally toxic cry protein. | spodoptera exigua (hübner) has developed resistance to a wide range of chemical insecticides. products based on bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins are used in integrated pest management as an ecologically friendly alternative for pest control. since there are few b. thuringiensis cry proteins highly active against s. exigua, it is desirable to apply appropriate resistance management strategies to prevent the evolution of resistance to these proteins. | 2009 | 19253909 |
| contributions of gut bacteria to bacillus thuringiensis-induced mortality vary across a range of lepidoptera. | gut microbiota contribute to the health of their hosts, and alterations in the composition of this microbiota can lead to disease. previously, we demonstrated that indigenous gut bacteria were required for the insecticidal toxin of bacillus thuringiensis to kill the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar. b. thuringiensis and its associated insecticidal toxins are commonly used for the control of lepidopteran pests. a variety of factors associated with the insect host, b. thuringiensis strain, and environ ... | 2009 | 19261175 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (hacpv) on cotton bollworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | in this study, interactions on the mortality and debilitating effects between cry1ac, a toxic protein produced by bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) and hacpv (chinese strain) on first and third instars larvae of helicoverpa armigera were evaluated in laboratory. when first instar was exposed to combination of bt cotton leaf discs containing hacpv (6 x 10(6), 1 x 10(7), and 3 x 10(7) pib ml(-1)) the effect on mortality was additive, when such instar larvae exposed to combination of cry1ac (0.9, 2 ... | 2009 | 19269293 |
| insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins. | published data on insecticidal activity of crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis are incorporated into the bt toxin specificity relational database. to date, 125 of the 174 holotype known toxins have been tested in approximately 1700 bioassays against 163 test species; 49 toxins have not been tested at all; 59 were tested against 71 lepidoptera species in 1182 bioassays; 53 toxins were tested against 23 diptera species in 233 bioassays; and 47 were tested against 39 coleoptera species in ... | 2009 | 19269294 |
| molecular methods to evaluate biodiversity in bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains from different origins. | the spore-forming genus bacillus includes species of industrial, clinical and environmental significance. the possibility of differentiating between bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis, toxin producers associated with illness, is a real need in monitoring potentially contaminated foods to understand the real distribution of b. cereus/b. thuringiensis in different outbreak cases. as the use of dna comparison obtains clearer results than classical microbiological methods in distinguishing b ... | 2009 | 19269566 |
| sk66-his, a novel glycine-rich peptide derived from drosophila with antibacterial activity. | sk(66)-his, a novel glycine-rich peptide derived from the cg13551 gene of drosophila, was directly expressed in escherichia coli with the help of the glucose effect of the lac repressor and efficiently purified in high yield (10.063 mg/l). it showed significant activity against gram-positive bacteria. we determined a mic value of 9 microg ml(-1) with bacillus thuringiensis. | 2009 | 19270403 |
| natural isolates of bacillus thuringiensis display genetic and psychrotrophic properties characteristic of bacillus weihenstephanensis. | to determine the potential of bacillus thuringiensis, known primarily for its entomopathogenicity, to be a psychrotolerant contaminant of stored products. | 2009 | 19228255 |
| impact of cry1ac-carrying brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis on leaf bacterial community. | the effects of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) carrying cry1ac derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) on leaf bacterial community were examined by analyzing the horizontal transfer of trans-gene fragments from plants to bacteria. the effect of plant pathogenic bacteria on the gene transfer was also examined using pseudomonas syringae pathovar. maculicola. the frequency of hygromycin-resistant bacteria did not alter in bt leaves, though slight increase was observed in pseudomo ... | 2009 | 19229489 |
| effect of bacillus thuringiensis naturally colonising brassica campestris var. chinensis leaves on neonate larvae of pieris brassicae. | the feeding of neonate larvae of pieris brassicae (order lepidoptera) on leaves of brassica plants that had been colonised by bacillus thuringiensis resulted in the death of 35% of the population within 72h. the bacteria multiplied in the cadavers, resulting in an increase of about 50-fold compared to the living insects. surviving insects showed no ill effects during the time of the study. there was negligible multiplication of b. thuringiensis in the frass. | 2009 | 19232351 |
| metabolic profiling of transgenic rice with cryiac and sck genes: an evaluation of unintended effects at metabolic level by using gc-fid and gc-ms. | the cryiac and sck genes were introduced to the rice for the purpose of improving the insect resistance. metabolic profiles of wild and transgenic rice were compared to assess the unintended effects related to gene modification. wild samples with different sowing dates or sites were also examined to determine the environmental effects on metabolites. the polar compounds of grains were extracted, trimethylsilylated and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (gc-fid). partial le ... | 2009 | 19233746 |
| genomic structure and promoter analysis of pathogen-induced repat genes from spodoptera exigua. | the repat gene family encodes midgut proteins overexpressed in response to pathogen infection in the lepidopteran spodoptera exigua. up-regulation of repat genes has been observed after challenging the larvae with both bacillus thuringiensis toxins and after infection with the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. in our study, pcr amplification of the genomic region and genome walking were used to obtain the genomic structure and the sequence of the 5'-upstream regio ... | 2009 | 19076251 |
| effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on volatile terpenoid emissions and multitrophic communication of transgenic insecticidal oilseed rape (brassica napus). | does transgenically incorporated insect resistance affect constitutive and herbivore-inducible terpenoid emissions and multitrophic communication under elevated atmospheric co(2) or ozone (o(3))? this study aimed to clarify the possible interactions between allocation to direct defences (bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin production) and that to endogenous indirect defences under future climatic conditions. terpenoid emissions were measured from vegetative-stage non-bt and bt brassica napus grown ... | 2009 | 19076723 |
| proteomic identification of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin cry4ba binding proteins in midgut membranes from aedes (stegomyia) aegypti linnaeus (diptera, culicidae) larvae. | novel bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) cry4ba toxin-binding proteins have been identified in gut brush border membranes of the aedes (stegomyia) aegypti mosquito larvae by combining 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2de) and ligand blotting followed by protein identification using mass spectrometry and database searching. three alkaline phosphatase isoforms and aminopeptidase were identified. other cry4ba binding proteins identified include the putative lipid raft proteins flotil ... | 2009 | 19272330 |
| isolation and characterization of bacillus thuringiensis for acid red 119 dye decolourisation. | studies were carried out to isolate acid red 119 (ar-119) resistant and decolourising bacteria from dye contaminated soil and water samples. six morphologically distinct bacterial isolates resistant to 100 ppm ar-119 dye were isolated directly from the soil and waste contaminated with azo dyes. the most efficient isolate, which showed decolourisation zone of 44 mm on 100 ppm ar-119 containing plate was identified as bacillus thuringiensis srdd. gradual adaptation increased the efficiency of the ... | 2009 | 18590958 |
| occurrence of the transgenic corn cry1ab gene in freshwater mussels (elliptio complanata) near corn fields: evidence of exposure by bacterial ingestion. | the purpose of this study was to examine the contamination of cry1 and cry1ab genes from bacillus thuringiensis and transgenic corn in feral freshwater mussels collected from sites located in proximity of corn fields. in addition, mussels were transplanted for 2 months to a site in the huron river, upstream to the richelieu river, which is subject to intensive corn farming. mussels were significantly contaminated by both genes in their gills, digestive glands, and gonads, as determined by qpcr m ... | 2009 | 18397807 |
| strategies to improve the insecticidal activity of cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins have been widely used in the control of insect pests either as spray products or expressed in transgenic crops. these proteins are pore-forming toxins with a complex mechanism of action that involves the sequential interaction with several toxin-receptors. cry toxins are specific against susceptible larvae and although they are often highly effective, some insect pests are not affected by them or show low susceptibility. in addition, the development of resistanc ... | 2009 | 18773932 |
| enhancement of insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins by fragments of a toxin-binding cadherin correlates with oligomer formation. | cry1a toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis bind a cadherin receptor that mediates toxicity in different lepidopteran insect larvae. insect cadherin receptors are modular proteins composed of three domains, the ectodomain formed by 9-12 cadherin repeats (cr), the transmembrane domain and the intracellular domain. cry1a toxins interact with three regions of the manduca sexta cadherin receptor that are located in cr7, cr11 and cr12 cadherin repeats. binding of cry1a toxin to cadherin induces o ... | 2009 | 18778745 |
| elevated atmospheric ozone increases concentration of insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac protein in bt brassica napus and reduces feeding of a bt target herbivore on the non-transgenic parent. | sustained cultivation of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) transgenic crops requires stable transgene expression under variable abiotic conditions. we studied the interactions of bt toxin production and chronic ozone exposure in bt cry1ac-transgenic oilseed rape and found that the insect resistance trait is robust under ozone elevations. bt cry1ac concentrations were higher in the leaves of bt oilseed rape grown under elevated ozone compared to control treatment, measured either per leaf fresh weight ... | 2009 | 18757127 |
| assessment of biological and biochemical indicators in soil under transgenic bt and non-bt cotton crop in a sub-tropical environment. | there is concern that transgenic bt-crops carry genes that could have undesirable effects on natural and agro-ecosystem functions. we investigated the effect of bt-cotton (expressing the cry 1ac protein) on several microbial and biochemical indicators in a sandy loam soil. bt-cotton (mrc-6301bt) and its non-transgenic near-isoline (mrc-6301) were grown in a net-house on a sandy clay loam soil. soil and root samples were collected 60, 90, and 120 days after sowing. soil from a control (no-crop) t ... | 2009 | 18720017 |
| effects of activated bt transgene products (cry1ab, cry3bb) on immature stages of the ladybird adalia bipunctata in laboratory ecotoxicity testing. | insect-active bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins are expressed by several transgenic crop plants to control certain pests, but nontarget organisms such as ladybirds also can be exposed to these proteins in the field. we developed an improved ecotoxicity testing protocol and conducted feeding trials in a laboratory setting to test for possible adverse effects of different concentrations of microbially produced trypsin-activated cry1ab and cry3bb toxins on the coccinellid adalia bipunctata. larv ... | 2009 | 18712501 |
| impact of bt-corn mon88017 in comparison to three conventional lines on trigonotylus caelestialium (kirkaldy) (heteroptera: miridae) field densities. | in europe, bt-corn resistant against the european corn borer has until now been the only genetically modified plant to be grown commercially. with the advent of the western corn rootworm bt-corn varieties with resistance against coleoptera will become important. the cultivation of bt-plants may have negative impacts on non-target organisms, i.e. all species not explicitly targeted by a given bt-crop. one prominent non-target group in corn are the herbivorous plant bugs (heteroptera: miridae). th ... | 2009 | 18668336 |
| acute toxicity and cytotoxicity of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus sphaericus strains on fish and mouse bone marrow. | the insecticidal properties of delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) serotypes kurstaki and israelensis and crystal proteins of bacillus sphaericus (bs) serotype h5 have been used in insect control for decades. the availability of microbial toxins in biopesticides as well as in plants with incorporated protection has been increasing the concerns about biosafety. acute toxicity to danio rerio and cytotoxicity on mouse bone marrow cells and peripheral erythrocytes of oreochromis niloti ... | 2009 | 18670879 |
| expression and activity of a probable toxin from photorhabdus luminescens. | as an insect pathogen, photorhabdus luminescens possesses an arsenal of toxins. here we cloned and expressed a probable toxin from p. luminescens subsp. akhurstii ynd185, designated as photorhabdus insecticidal toxin (pit). the pit gene shares 94% nucleotide and 98% predicted amino acid sequence identity with plu1537, a predicted orf from p. luminescens subsp. laumondii tt01 and 30% predicted amino acid sequence similarity to a fragment of a 13.6 kda insecticidal crystal protein gene of bacillus ... | 2009 | 18409059 |
| production of mrna from the cry1ac transgene differs among bollgard lines which correlates to the level of subsequent protein. | commercial cultivars of bollgard cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., differ in the amount of expressed cry1ac protein. however, the plant-mechanism for which this occurs is still unknown. using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr), we developed a method to determine if differences in the overall level of cry1ac among bollgard lines could be correlated to the mrna transcripts. our data shows that the cry1ac mrna transcript differs among bollgard lines and are correlated with corresp ... | 2009 | 18594999 |
| structural and functional analysis of giant strong component of bacillus thuringiensis metabolic network. | the purpose of this work was to study the giant strong component (gsc) of b. thuringiensis metabolic network by structural and functional analysis. based on so-called "bow tie" structure, we extracted and studied gsc with its functional significance. global structural properties such as degree distribution and average path length were computed and indicated that the gsc is also a small-world and scale-free network. furthermore, the gsc was decomposed and functional significant for metabolism of ... | 2009 | 24031381 |
| production of wetland chironomidae (diptera) and the effects of using bacillus thuringiensis israelensis for mosquito control. | massive mosquito nuisance problems, caused by the flood-water mosquito aedes sticticus, occur after floods in the flood plains of the river dalälven, central sweden. since 2002, the biological mosquito larvicide bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) has been used to control these mosquitoes. here, we report results from the first six years of monitoring chironomidae, the most susceptible non-target organisms, in three wetlands with bti-treatment against mosquitoes and in three wetlands w ... | 2010 | 19497137 |
| decomposition dynamics and structural plant components of genetically modified bt maize leaves do not differ from leaves of conventional hybrids. | the cultivation of genetically modified bt maize has raised environmental concerns, as large amounts of plant residues remain in the field and may negatively impact the soil ecosystem. in a field experiment, decomposition of leaf residues from three genetically modified (two expressing the cry1ab, one the cry3bb1 protein) and six non-transgenic hybrids (the three corresponding non-transformed near-isolines and three conventional hybrids) was investigated using litterbags. to elucidate the mechan ... | 2010 | 19609704 |
| a case of "pseudo science"? a study claiming effects of the cry1ab protein on larvae of the two-spotted ladybird is reminiscent of the case of the green lacewing. | 2010 | 19565349 | |
| risk assessment of toxins derived from bacillus thuringiensis-synergism, efficacy, and selectivity. | this review deals with publications concerning the mode of action of bt proteins and their potential synergism with extrinsic factors. the aim was to assess the impact of those factors especially regarding selectivity and efficacy of bt toxins and to discuss possible gaps in current risk assessment of genetically engineered plants expressing bt toxins. | 2010 | 19557450 |
| evaluation of probiotic characteristics of siderophoregenic bacillus spp. isolated from dairy waste. | siderophoregenic bacillus strain det9 has been selectively isolated from dairy waste. it was evaluated for probiotic characteristics and susceptibility pattern against antibiotics. its spores showed excellent tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions and exhibited antimicrobial activity against organisms such as escherichia coli, micrococcus flavus, and staphylococcus aureus. its susceptibility to antibiotics reduces the prospect to donate resistance determinants if administered i ... | 2010 | 19280126 |
| survey of bacterial populations present in us-produced linerboard with high recycle content. | to survey paperboard products from 17 us mills for bacterial populations and for bacteria potentially harmful to human health. | 2010 | 19645765 |
| nutritional evaluation of transgenic cottonseed in the ration of lactating dairy cows. | the effects of feeding transgenic (bt) whole cottonseed (wcs) were studied in lactating cows. twenty multiparous crossbred cows (karan swiss x karan fries) in early lactation were given a concentrate mixture containing 40% crushed delinted non-transgenic (non-bt) wcs, 2 kg wheat straw and green fodder ad lib for a 15-day adaptation period. thereafter, the cows were divided in two similar groups of 10 each on the basis of milk yield, body weight (bw) and date of calving. the non-bt control group ... | 2010 | 19701795 |
| helicoverpa armigera cadherin fragment enhances cry1ac insecticidal activity by facilitating toxin-oligomer formation. | the interaction between bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein cry1a and cadherin receptors in lepidopteran insects induces toxin oligomerization, which is essential for membrane insertion and mediates cry1a toxicity. it has been reported that manduca sexta cadherin fragment cr12-mped and anopheles gambiae cadherin fragment cr11-mped enhance the insecticidal activity of cry1ab and cry4ba to certain lepidopteran and dipteran larvae species, respectively. this study reports that a hel ... | 2010 | 19652967 |
| a novel mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis strain llp29 isolated from the phylloplane of magnolia denudata. | eleven bacillus thuringiensis isolates were recovered from phylloplanes of magnolia denudata, a specific source of new strains of b. thuringiensis. among these, a new strain, llp29, was found to be most toxic to mosquitoes based on the results of preliminary toxicity analysis. phase contrast microscopy, mosquitocidal activity, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis and parasporal inclusion were performed to learn more about the characteristics of this novel mosquitocidal isolate. the lc(50) va ... | 2010 | 19577911 |
| multiplex pcr assay for the detection of enterotoxic bacillus cereus group strains and its application in food matrices. | bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis are the major concerns for the food safety in terms of frequency and/or seriousness of the disease. being members of the same group and sharing dna homology to a larger extent, they do create problems when their specific detection/identification is attempted from different food and environmental sources. numerous individual polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and few multiplex pcr (mpcr) methods have been employed to detect these organis ... | 2010 | 23100823 |
| effect on soil chemistry of genetically modified (gm) vs. non-gm maize. | the effects of genetically modified (gm) maize (zea mays l.) expressing the bacillus thuringiensis berliner cry1fa2 protein (bt) and phosphinothricin or glyphosate herbicide tolerance on soil chemistry (organic matter, n, p, k and ph), compared with non-gm controls, were assessed in field and pot experiments. in the field experiment, nh(4)(+) was significantly higher in soil under the crop modified for herbicide tolerance compared to the control (mean values of 11 and 9.6 mg n/kg respectively) w ... | 2010 | 21844670 |
| multi-generation effects of bt rice on anagrus nilaparvatae, a parasitoid of the nontarget pest nilapavarta lugens. | little is known about the potential cumulative long-term effects of transgenic crops on nontarget organisms. in the present laboratory study, the potential cumulative effects of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) rice on parasitoids in successive generations were observed for an egg parasitoid, anagrus nilaparvatae parasitizing eggs of nilaparvata lugens (stål) (hemiptera: delphacidae) feeding on bt rice. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test confirmed that cry1ab insecticidal protein coul ... | 2010 | 22182572 |
| rapid cloning, identification, and application of one novel crystal protein gene cry30fa1 from bacillus thuringiensis. | in this study, a fast and efficient strategy has been developed for identifying and isolating novel cry genes from bacillus thuringiensis by combining the pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism and the single-oligonucleotide nested-pcr method. using this method, one novel holotype cry gene, cry30fa1, encoding a polypeptide of 687 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 77.1 kda, 74% identical to cry30aa1, was cloned from the b. thuringiensis strain btmc28. furthermore, the cry30fa1 ge ... | 2010 | 19895642 |
| periorbital cellulitis caused by bacillus thuringiensis. | periorbital cellulitis is an inflammation of the lids and periorbital tissues without signs of true involvement such as proptosis or limitation of eye movement. | 2010 | 19882531 |
| batch and fed-batch fermentation of bacillus thuringiensis using starch industry wastewater as fermentation substrate. | bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki biopesticide was produced in batch and fed-batch fermentation modes using starch industry wastewater as sole substrate. fed-batch fermentation with two intermittent feeds (at 10 and 20 h) during the fermentation of 72 h gave the maximum delta-endotoxin concentration (1,672.6 mg/l) and entomotoxicity (tx) (18.5 x 10(6) sbu/ml) in fermented broth which were significantly higher than maximum delta-endotoxin concentration (511.0 mg/l) and tx (15.8 x 10(6) sbu/ml) ... | 2010 | 19888605 |
| degradation of cry1ab protein from genetically modified maize (mon810) in relation to total dietary feed proteins in dairy cow digestion. | to investigate the relative degradation and fragmentation pattern of the recombinant cry1ab protein from genetically modified (gm) maize mon810 throughout the gastrointestinal tract (git) of dairy cows, a 25 months gm maize feeding study was conducted on 36 lactating bavarian fleckvieh cows allocated into two groups (18 cows per group) fed diets containing either gm maize mon810 or nearly isogenic non-gm maize as the respective diet components. all cows were fed a partial total mixed ration (ptm ... | 2010 | 19888668 |
| structure and regulation of the gab gene cluster, involved in the gamma-aminobutyric acid shunt, are controlled by a sigma54 factor in bacillus thuringiensis. | the structure and regulation of the gab gene cluster, involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) shunt, were studied by characterizing gabt and gabd genes cloned from bacillus thuringiensis. deletions of the gabt and gabd genes in b. thuringiensis strain hd-73 did not affect the growth of mutant strains in rich culture media, but the growth of a gabt deletion mutant strain was reduced in basic media (containing 0.2% gaba). genome analysis indicates that the structure of the gab gene cluster in b ... | 2010 | 19854901 |
| managing the risk of insect resistance to transgenic insect control traits: practical approaches in local environments. | growers have enthusiastically embraced crops genetically modified to express bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins for insect control because they provide excellent protection from key damaging insect pests around the world. bt crops also offer superior environmental and health benefits while increasing grower income. however, insect resistance development is an important concern for all stakeholders, including growers, technology providers and seed companies that develop these genetically modifi ... | 2010 | 19856320 |
| demographic responses of daphnia magna fed transgenic bt-maize. | the food/feed quality of a variety of genetically modified (gm) maize expressing cry1ab bt-toxin was tested over the life-cycle of daphnia magna, an arthropod commonly used as model organism in ecotoxicological studies. demographic responses were compared between animals fed gm or unmodified (um) near isogenic maize, with and without the addition of predator smell. age-specific data on survival and birth rates were integrated and analysed using life tables and leslie matrices. survival, fecundit ... | 2010 | 19859805 |
| characterization of isbth4, a functional new is231 variant from bacillus thuringiensis mex312. | a new insertion variant of is231 family, designated isbth4, was identified from bacillus thuringiensis mex312. isbth4 is 2046bp in length and is delimited by two 17bp inverted repeats (ir) with one mismatch, flanked by two perfect 11bp direct repeats (dr). isbth4 contains two open reading frames (orfs), orf1 and orf2, which encode 72 and 473 amino acids, respectively. multiple sequence alignments revealed that the potential transposase of isbth4 contained five conserved domains n1, n2, n3, c1 an ... | 2010 | 19879290 |
| effect of fermentation conditions on the enterotoxigenicity, cytotoxicity and pesticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated in taiwan. | a total of 75 bacillus thuringiensis strains, among them 62 of taiwan's microbiota, were screened for their enterotoxin genes, hemolysin bl activity and cytotoxicity. all the strains harbored enterotoxin genes and were cytotoxic to the cultivated chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. the hemolysin bl and cytotoxicity titers of the b. thuringiensis culture in casitone yeast sucrose (cys) broth were lower than those in brain heart infusion (bhi) broth, and when the b. thuringiensis strains were culti ... | 2010 | 19880313 |
| determination and distribution of cry-type genes in halophilc bacillus thuringiensis isolates of arabian sea sedimentary rocks. | bacillus thuringiensis produces insecticidal crystal during its sporulation phase. in this study, marine sediments from arabian sea along coastal area of pakistan were examined for the occurrence of b. thuringiensis. on the basis of morphological and biochemical properties, 31 out of 200 colonies were assigned to b. thuringiensis. isolated strains were characterized on the basis of cry genes profile. pcr approach was used to analyze the presence of different crystal toxin encoding genes with six ... | 2010 | 19850456 |
| confirmation of a predicted lack of ige binding to cry3bb1 from genetically modified (gm) crops. | some gm crops including mon863 corn and stack varieties contain cry3bb1 protein. cry3bb1 is very important from the standpoint of assessing the safety of gm crops. in this study cry3bb1 was assessed from the standpoint of possible binding to ige from allergy patients. first, an elisa that was improved in our laboratory was used to test serum samples from 13 corn allergy patients in the united states with recombinant cry3bb1 expressed in escherichia coli, and serum samples from 55 patients in jap ... | 2010 | 19818822 |
| regulation of the seasonal population patterns of helicoverpa armigera moths by bt cotton planting. | transgenic cotton expressing the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac toxin has been commercially cultivated in china since 1997, and by 2000 bt cotton had almost completely replaced non-transgenic cotton cultivars. to evaluate the impact of bt cotton planting on the seasonal population patterns of cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, the dynamics of h. armigera moths were monitored with light traps from four locations (xiajin, linqing and dingtao of shandong province; guantao of hebei province) ... | 2010 | 19847665 |
| proteomic analysis of novel cry1ac binding proteins in helicoverpa armigera (hübner). | aminopeptidase n (apn) and cadherin-like proteins have been previously identified as cry1ac-binding proteins in helicoverpa armigera (hübner). in this study, a proteomic approach was used to identify novel cry1ac-binding proteins in h. armigera. brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) of h. armigera were extracted and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de). cry1ac-binding proteins were detected using antisera against cry1ac. peptide mass fingerprinting (pmf) was used to identify c ... | 2010 | 19847794 |
| overview on current status of biotechnological interventions on yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: crambidae) resistance in rice. | yellow stem borer (ysb), scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: crambidae), a monophagous pest of paddy is considered as most important pest of rain fed low land and flood prone rice eco-systems. breeding of yellow stem borer resistance in rice is difficult owing to the complex genetics of the trait, inherent difficulties in screening and poor understanding of the genetics of resistance. on the other hand, a good level of resistance against the widespread yellow stem borer has been rare in the ric ... | 2010 | 19811767 |
| do genetically modified plants impact arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi? | the development and use of genetically modified plants (gmps), as well as their ecological risks have been a topic of considerable public debate since they were first released in 1996. to date, no consistent conclusions have been drawn dealing with ecological risks on soil microorganisms of gmps for the present incompatible empirical data. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf), important in regulating aboveground and underground processes in ecosystems, are the most crucial soil microbial community ... | 2010 | 19806453 |
| characterisation and expression of a novel holotype crystal protein gene, cry56aa1, from bacillus thuringiensis strain ywc2-8. | bacillus thuringiensis isolate ywc2-8, from soil in sichuan basin in western china, contains a spherical crystal harbouring two insecticidal crystal proteins with masses of 70 kda and 130 kda. a novel cry-type gene, encoding a 664 amino acid protein with 34% homology to cry29aa1, was found and cloned from this strain. this gene belongs to a novel holotype cry and is designated as cry56aa1. it was expressed in e. coli. insecticidal activity assays showed that recombinant cry56aa1 was toxic to bot ... | 2010 | 19838632 |
| cloning of circular dnas from microorganisms using a novel plasmid capture system. | plasmid capture system (pcs) facilitates cloning and manipulation of circular double-stranded dna. we recently developed an improved pcs (pcs-lz) to clone relatively large dna molecules of 30-150 kb. the pcs-lz donor consists of a mini-f replicon and a kanamycin resistance marker between tn7 left and tn7 right ends. both the replicon and marker gene of the pcs-lz donor are transferred into target plasmid dnas by in vitro transposition, followed by replication in e. coli. colonies are tested for ... | 2010 | 19838822 |
| paternally derived immune priming for offspring in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | 1. parasitized females in mammals, fish and birds can enhance the immune defence of their offspring by transferring specific antibodies for the embryo. likewise, social insect mothers transfer immunity despite the fact that invertebrates lack antibodies. 2. female trans-generational immune priming is consistent with parental investment theory, because mothers invest more into rearing their offspring than fathers. however, when immune priming is not directly linked to parental care, as is often t ... | 2010 | 19840170 |
| extrapolating non-target risk of bt crops from laboratory to field. | the tiered approach to assessing ecological risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops assumes that lower tier laboratory studies, which expose surrogate non-target organisms to high doses of insecticidal proteins, can detect harmful effects that might be manifested in the field. to test this assumption, we performed meta-analyses comparing results for non-target invertebrates exposed to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry proteins in laboratory studies with results derived from independent field stu ... | 2010 | 19740894 |
| new approach for the detection of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes in bacillus strains by polymerase chain reaction. | bacillus strains produce non-ribosomal lipopeptides that can be grouped into three families: surfactins or lichenysins, iturins and fengycins or plispastatins. these biosurfactants show a broad spectrum of biological activities. to detect strains able to produce these lipopeptides, a new polymerase chain reaction screening approach was developed using degenerated primers based on the intraoperon alignment of adenylation and thiolation nucleic acid domains of all enzymes implicated in the biosynt ... | 2010 | 19730852 |
| development of a pcr assay for identification of the bacillus cereus group species. | a pcr technique was developed as a reliable and rapid identification method for the bacillus cereus group species, based on a unique conserved sequence of the motb gene (encoding flagellar motor protein) from b. cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis. | 2010 | 19583794 |
| isolation, characterization and anti-cancer activity of sk84, a novel glycine-rich antimicrobial peptide from drosophila virilis. | we report herein the isolation and characterization of a novel glycine-rich antimicrobial peptide purified from the larvae of drosophila virilis. a range of chromatographic methods was used for isolation and its antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis was employed to screen for the most active fractions. the peptide, termed sk84 due to its n-terminal serine, c-terminal lysine and a total of 84 residues, was completed sequenced using rt-pcr cdna cloning. sk84 contains a high level of gly ... | 2010 | 19799950 |
| comparative analysis of the virulence of invertebrate and mammalian pathogenic bacteria in the oral insect infection model galleria mellonella. | infection of galleria mellonella by feeding a mixture of bacillus thuringiensis spores or vegetative bacteria in association with the toxin cry1c results in high levels of larval mortality. under these conditions the toxin or bacteria have minimal effects on the larva when inoculated separately. in order to evaluate whether g. mellonella can function as an oral infection model for human and entomo-bacterial pathogens, we tested strains of bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, enterococcus faecali ... | 2010 | 19800349 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab and cry3aa endotoxins on predatory coleoptera tested through artificial diet-incorporation bioassays. | traditional approaches to studying the effects of genetically modified (gm) crops on beneficial insects involve either field assays, comparing insect population levels between control and gm crops or tritrophic bioassays with contaminated insects - usually larvae or eggs of lepidoptera - as preys. here, we report the results of a bioassay using an artificial diet, suitable for predatory coleoptera, to supply bacillus thuringiensis (bt) solubilized cry1ab and cry3aa as well as trypsin-activated c ... | 2010 | 19781113 |
| use of maize pollen by adult chrysoperla carnea (neuroptera: chrysopidae) and fate of cry proteins in bt-transgenic varieties. | we investigated the use of maize pollen as food by adult chrysoperla carnea under laboratory and field conditions. exposure of the insects to insecticidal cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) contained in pollen of transgenic maize was also assessed. female c. carnea were most abundant in a maize field when the majority of plants were flowering and fresh pollen was abundant. field-collected females contained an average of approximately 5000 maize pollen grains in their gut at the peak o ... | 2010 | 19782688 |
| measurements of cry1f binding and activity of luminal gut proteases in susceptible and cry1f resistant ostrinia nubilalis larvae (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the biochemical mechanism of resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis cry1f toxin was studied in a laboratory-selected strain of ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) showing more than 3000-fold resistance to cry1f and limited cross resistance to other cry toxins. analyses of cry1f binding to brush border membrane vesicles of midgut epithelia from susceptible and resistant larvae using ligand immunoblotting and surface plasmon resonance (spr) suggested that reduced binding of cry1 ... | 2010 | 19766122 |
| codon optimization of cry1ab gene for hyper expression in plant organelles. | with the advent of genetic manipulation techniques, it has become possible to clone and insert gene into the genome of crop plants to confer resistance to insects and pests. resistance to insects has been demonstrating in transgenic plants either by triggering defense system of plants or by expressing heterologous cry genes for delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis. in the present study, synthetic cry1ab gene was developed with optimized chloroplast preferred codons and is expressed in to ... | 2010 | 19757171 |
| evidence of field-evolved resistance to cry1ac-expressing bt cotton in helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in northern china. | evolution of resistance threatens the continued success of transgenic crops expressing insecticidal proteins. one of the key factors for successful resistance management is the timely implementation of monitoring programmes to detect early changes of resistance allele frequency in field populations. f(1)/f(2) screen, dose-response bioassays and field survey were used to monitor resistance to the cry1ac-expressing cotton in a field population of helicoverpa armigera (hübner), the primary target o ... | 2010 | 19764057 |
| differential transfer dynamics of paw63 plasmid among members of the bacillus cereus group in food microcosms. | to assess the dynamics of plasmid transfer between bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus in various food microcosms using the b. thuringiensis paw63 and staphylococcus aureus pub110 plasmids as models. | 2010 | 19709333 |
| diversity of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from western ghats of tamil nadu state, india. | the western ghats of india is the one of the world's 10 "hottest biodiversity hotspots" that runs along the western part of india through four states including tamil nadu. the only biodiversity reserve in the western ghats is the nilgiri biosphere located in the tamil nadu state. in the present study, 525 soil samples were collected from all the 14 different divisions of the western ghats in tamil nadu state, india. a total of 316 new isolates of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) that produce paraspor ... | 2010 | 20033169 |
| characterization and expression of cry4cb1 and cry30ga1 from bacillus thuringiensis strain hs18-1. | we characterized a novel bacillus thuringiensis isolate native to china (hs18-1) that shows a spherical crystal harboring two major proteins of about 70 and 130kda, and contains three novel cry genes (cry4cb1, cry30ga1, cry54-type). furthermore, the cry4cb1 and cry30ga1 genes were expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3): plyss. insecticidal activity tests showed that the cry4cb1 protein exhibited larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti (diptera) and the cry30ga1 protein was toxic to both a. a ... | 2010 | 20034496 |
| antisera-mediated in vivo reduction of cry1ac toxicity in helicoverpa armigera. | a functional assessment of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin receptors in the midgut of lepidopteran insects will facilitate understanding of the toxin mode of action and provide effective strategies to counter the development of resistance. in this study, we produced anti-aminopeptidase (apn) and anti-cadherin sera with purified cry1ac toxin-binding apn or cadherin fragments from heliocoverpa armigera. antisera were evaluated for their effects on cry1ac toxicity through bioassays. our results i ... | 2010 | 20035762 |
| interactions between bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 and midgut bacteria in larvae of gypsy moth and spruce budworm. | we examined interaction between bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 (foray 48b) and larval midgut bacteria in two lepidopteran hosts, lymantria dispar and choristoneura fumiferana. the pathogen multiplied in either moribund (c. fumiferana) or dead (l. dispar) larvae, regardless of the presence of midgut bacteria. inoculation of l. dispar resulted in a pronounced proliferation of enteric bacteria, which did not contribute to larval death because b. thuringiensis was able to kill larvae in ... | 2010 | 20035766 |
| occurrence of psychrotolerant bacillus cereus group strains in ice creams. | the occurrences of bacillus cereus group strains in 40 ice cream samples were investigated. among 109 isolated b. cereus group strains confirmed by 16s rdna sequence analysis only 50 were identified as b. cereus and one as b. thuringiensis by using fda (u.s. food and drug administration) standard, indicating the two identification standards were highly inconsistent. furthermore, the psychrotolerant growth properties and the occurrence of specific psychrotolerant genes of the isolates were also s ... | 2010 | 20036024 |
| the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 is involved in insect defense against cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | the insecticidal cry toxins are pore-forming toxins produced by the bacteria bacillus thuringiensis that disrupt insect-midgut cells. in this work we analyzed the response of two different insect orders, the lepidopteran manduca sexta and dipteran aedes aegypti to highly specific cry toxins, cry1ab and cry11aa, respectively. one pathway activated in different organisms in response to a variety of pore-forming toxins is the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 pathway (mapk p38) that activates a ... | 2010 | 20040372 |
| development of real time pcr assays for detection and quantification of transgene dna of a bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn hybrid in soil samples. | real time pcr assays were developed to detect and quantify the transgene dna of a commercially released bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn (zea mays l.) hybrid (dkc42-23), which was derived from the event mon863 and also carried a neomycin phosphotransferase gene (the nptii gene). we applied the real time pcr assays to investigate the persistence of the transgene dna in a field trial grown with dkc42-23 over 3 years, in combination with bacterial natural transformation. the results showed that und ... | 2010 | 20044792 |
| a mathematical model of exposure of non-target lepidoptera to bt-maize pollen expressing cry1ab within europe. | genetically modified (gm) maize mon810 expresses a cry1ab insecticidal protein, derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), toxic to lepidopteran target pests such as ostrinia nubilalis. an environmental risk to non-target lepidoptera from this gm crop is exposure to harmful amounts of bt-containing pollen deposited on host plants in or near mon810 fields. an 11-parameter mathematical model analysed exposure of larvae of three non-target species: the butterflies inachis io (l.), vanessa atalanta ( ... | 2010 | 20053648 |
| changes in the haemocytes of agrotis ipsilon larvae (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in relation to dimilin and bacillus thuringiensis infections. | five types of haemocytes are observed in the fourth larval instar of the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon: prohaemocytes (prs), plasmatocytes (pls), granulocytes (grs), spherule cells (sps) and adipohaemocytes (ads). infection of a. ipsilon fourth larval instar with bacillus thuringiensis and dimilin resulted in a reduction of the total haemocyte count. changes in the differential haemocyte population during bacterial and dimilin infections have been assessed. the prs % decreased significantly whi ... | 2010 | 20056427 |
| an alpha-amylase is a novel receptor for bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis cry4ba and cry11aa toxins in the malaria vector mosquito anopheles albimanus (diptera: culicidae). | bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (bti) produces four cry toxins (cry4aa, cry4ba, cry10aa and cry11aa), and two cyt proteins (cyt1aa and cyt2ba), toxic to mosquito-larvae of the genus aedes, anopheles and culex, important human disease vectors that transmit dengue virus, malaria and filarial parasites respectively. previous work showed that bti is highly toxic to anopheles albimanus, the main vector for transmission of malaria in mexico. in this work, we analysed the toxicity of isolated c ... | 2010 | 20002140 |
| activity of bacillus thuringiensis hybrid protein against a lepidopteran and a coleopteran pest. | the use of cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis are an important strategy for biological control. recently it has been demonstrated that cry hybrid proteins (by domain swapping) resulted in improved toxicities in comparison with parental proteins. here, an sn1917 hybrid toxin was constructed and tested against colombian pest insects tecia solanivora (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), a severe potato pest, and hypothenemus hampei (coleoptera: scolytidae), which attacks coffee crops. the sn1917 proto ... | 2010 | 20002185 |
| gamma irradiation as a biological decontaminant and its effect on common fingermark detection techniques and dna profiling. | the use of disease-causing organisms and their toxins against the civilian population has defined bioterrorism and opened forensic science up to the challenges of processing contaminated evidence. this study sought to determine the use of gamma irradiation as an effective biological decontaminant and its effect on the recovery of latent fingermarks from both porous and nonporous items. test items were contaminated with viable spores marked with latent prints and then decontaminated using a cobal ... | 2010 | 20002271 |
| pretreatment of poultry litter improves bacillus thuringiensis-based biopesticides production. | pretreated poultry litter was used in batch cultures for the production of bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-based biopesticide of lepidoptera- and diptera-specific cry1 and cry2, diptera-specific cry4ba and cry11aa and coleoptera-specific cry3aa toxins by bt subsp. kurstaki 81, subsp. israelensis hd500 and subsp. tenebrionis 3203, respectively. bt kurstaki 81 showed improved growth and produced more toxin in this medium as compared to other subspecies. base and acid hydrolysis were tested as the meth ... | 2010 | 20006924 |
| occurrence and field densities of coleoptera in the maize herb layer: implications for environmental risk assessment of genetically modified bt-maize. | beetles (coleoptera) are a diverse and ecologically important group of insects in agricultural systems. the environmental risk assessment (era) of genetically modified bt-crop varieties with insect resistances thus needs to consider and assess the potential negative impacts on non-target organisms belonging to this group. we analysed data gathered during 6 years of field-release experiments on the impact of two genetically modified bt-maize varieties (ostrinia-resistant mon810 and diabrotica-res ... | 2010 | 20012775 |
| genome scan in the mosquito aedes rusticus: population structure and detection of positive selection after insecticide treatment. | identification of genes involved in local adaptation is particularly challenging for species functioning as a network of interconnected populations undergoing frequent extinctions-recolonizations, because populations are submitted to contrasted evolutionary pressures. using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, population genetic structure of the mosquito aedes rusticus was analysed in five geographical areas of the french rhône-alpes region. we included a number of sites that were tre ... | 2010 | 20015143 |
| development of a personal bioaerosol sampler based on a conical cyclone with recirculating liquid film. | this article describes the development of a novel, high-performance personal aerosol sampler intended to monitor occupational air pollution, specifically, microbial constituents. this prototype sampler has a horizontally positioned conical cyclone with recirculating liquid film and an ejection supply of adsorptive liquid into the inlet nozzle. airborne pollutants were collected in the adsorptive liquid, thus improving the survivability of microbiological aerosol samples. experimental modules of ... | 2010 | 20017057 |
| bacillus thuringiensis serovars bolivia, vazensis and navarrensis meet the description of bacillus weihenstephanensis. | the bacillus cereus sensu lato group comprises six related species: b. cereus, b. anthracis, b. thuringiensis, b. mycoides, b. pseudomycoides and b. weihenstephanensis. bacillus thuringiensis is a mesophile. it is distinguished from other members of the b. cereus group by the apparition of an inclusion body upon sporulation. b. weihenstephanensis, however, is a psychrotolerant. it grows at 7 degrees c but not at 43 degrees c. it is further characterised by the presence of specific signature sequ ... | 2010 | 19937033 |
| wood losses and economical threshold of btk aerial spray operation against spruce budworm. | spruce budworm, choristoneura fumiferana (clem.), causes cumulative defoliation and hence annual growth loss of the balsam fir, abies balsamea (l.) mill, host tree. annual growth increments of mixed balsam fir stands were measured by stem analysis over a 9 year period (1994-2002), when bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki (btk) was applied to control spruce budworm defoliation. with this approach, it was possible to quantify the change in stand volume growth after aerial spray applications of bt ... | 2010 | 19938000 |
| high species richness of chironomidae (diptera) in temporary flooded wetlands associated with high species turn-over rates. | species richness and species turn-over of chironomidae was studied in irregularly flooded wetlands of the river dalälven flood-plains in central sweden. the chironomid fauna, sampled with emergence traps in six wetlands over six summers, contained as much as 135 species, and the cumulative species curves indicated that the regional species pool contain several more species. recurrent irregular floods may have induced this high chironomid species richness and the high species turn-over in the tem ... | 2010 | 19939319 |
| influence of environmental factors on the response of a natural population of daphnia magna (crustacea: cladocera) to spinosad and bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in mediterranean coastal wetlands. | the present study was undertaken to assess the impact of a candidate mosquito larvicide, spinosad (8, 17 and 33 microg l(-1)) on a field population of daphnia magna under natural variations of water temperature and salinity, using bti (0.16 and 0.50 microl l(-1)) as the reference larvicide. microcosms (125 l) were placed in a shallow temporary marsh where d. magna was naturally present. the peak of salinity observed during the 21-day observation period may have been partly responsible for the de ... | 2010 | 19939529 |
| isolation and characterization of hyper phenol tolerant bacillus sp. from oil refinery and exploration sites. | bacillus cereus mtcc 9817 strain akg1 and b. cereus mtcc 9818 strain akg2 were isolated from petroleum refinery and oil exploration site, respectively. the 16s rdna sequence of strain akg1 showed the closest relation to b. cereus 99.63% and bacillus coagulans 99.63% followed by 99.34% homology with bacillus thuringiensis strain 2pr56-10. akg2 is mostly related to b. thuringiensis strain cmg 861 with 99.37% homology. the similarity search between akg1 and akg2 gave the lowest similarity 99.19% am ... | 2010 | 19945784 |
| alanine scanning analyses of the three major loops in domain ii of bacillus thuringiensis mosquitocidal toxin cry4aa. | cry4aa produced by bacillus thuringiensis is a dipteran-specific toxin and is of great interest for developing a bioinsecticide to control mosquitoes. therefore, it is very important to characterize the functional motif of cry4aa that is responsible for its mosquitocidal activity. in this study, to characterize a potential receptor binding site, namely, loops 1, 2, and 3 in domain ii, we constructed a series of cry4aa mutants in which a residue in these three loops was replaced with alanine. a b ... | 2010 | 19948851 |
| conjugative transfer of insecticidal plasmid pht73 from bacillus thuringiensis to b. anthracis and compatibility of this plasmid with pxo1 and pxo2. | bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent of anthrax, is genetically close to and commonly shares a giant gene pool with b. cereus and b. thuringiensis. in view of the human pathogenicity and the long persistence in the environment of b. anthracis, there is growing concern about the effects of genetic exchange with b. anthracis on public health. in this work, we demonstrate that an insecticidal plasmid, pht73, from b. thuringiensis strain kt0 could be efficiently transferred into two attenuated b. ... | 2010 | 19948871 |
| variant cry1ia toxins generated by dna shuffling are active against sugarcane giant borer. | sugarcane giant borer (telchin licus licus) is a serious sugarcane pest in americas whose endophytic lifestyle hampers effective chemical and biological controls. therefore, development of alternative control methods is extremely important. envisaging development of transgenic plants resistant to this pest, we investigated the effect of the bacillus thuringiensis cry protein cry1ia12synth (truncated protein lacking c-terminus with plant codon usage) and variants against t. l. licus. cry1ia12synt ... | 2010 | 19931577 |
| adhesion of spores of bacillus thuringiensis on a planar surface. | adhesion of spores of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and spherical silica particles on surfaces was experimentally and theoretically investigated in this study. topography analysis via atomic force microscopy (afm) and electron microscopy indicates that bt spores are rod shaped, approximately 1.3 mum in length and approximately 0.8 mum in diameter. the adhesion force of bt spores and silica particles on gold-coated glass was measured at various relative humidity (rh) levels by afm. it was expected ... | 2010 | 19928904 |
| partial purification and characterization of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) active aminopeptidase secreted in midgut. | we report the partial purification to apparent homogeneity of a soluble aminopeptidase (ec 3.4.11.1) from midgut of helicoverpa armigera larvae, which preferentially degraded leucine p-nitroanilide (lpna). after midgut isolation, extraction and precipitation of soluble proteins with acetone, proteins were purified in two consecutive steps including gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatographies. aminopeptidase activity was increased 8.95 fold after gel filtration chromatography. the purified e ... | 2010 | 19913106 |