Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| is the cry1ab protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) taken up by plants from soils previously planted with bt corn and by carrot from hydroponic culture? | the uptake of the insecticidal cry1ab protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) by various crops from soils on which bt corn had previously grown was determined. in 2005, the cry1ab protein was detected by western blot in tissues (leaves plus stems) of basil, carrot, kale, lettuce, okra, parsnip, radish, snap bean, and soybean but not in tissues of beet and spinach and was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to be 0.05 +/- 0.003 ng g(-1) of fresh plant tissue in basil, 0.02 +/- ... | 2009 | 19444360 |
| [chitinase b from bacillus thuringiensis enhancing potential and its antagonism and insecticidal]. | we studied the characteristics of chitinase b (chib) from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. colmeri 15a3 (bt 15a3) and evaluated its antagonism and insecticidal potential. | 2009 | 19445172 |
| reduction of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxicity against helicoverpa armigera by a soluble toxin-binding cadherin fragment. | a cadherin-like protein has been identified as a putative receptor for bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac toxin in helicoverpa armigera and plays a key role in bt insecticidal action. in this study, we produced a fragment from this h. armigera cry1ac toxin-binding cadherin that included the predicted toxin-binding region. binding of cry1ac toxin to this cadherin fragment facilitated the formation of a 250-kda toxin oligomer. the cadherin fragment was evaluated for its effect on cry1ac toxin-bind ... | 2009 | 19446559 |
| entomotoxicity, protease and chitinase activity of bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater sludge with a high solids content. | this study investigated the production of biopesticides, protease and chitinase activity by bacillus thuringiensis grown in raw wastewater sludge at high solids concentration (30 g/l). the rheology of wastewater sludge was modified with addition of tween-80 (0.2% v/v). this addition resulted in 1.6 and 1.3-fold increase in cell and spore count, respectively. the maximum specific growth rate (micro(max)) augmented from 0.17 to 0.22 h(-1) and entomotoxicity (tx) increased by 29.7%. meanwhile, volu ... | 2009 | 19447031 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins on the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum). | four bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins, cry3a, cry4aa, cry11aa, and cyt1aa, were found to exhibit low to moderate toxicity on the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, in terms both of mortality and growth rate. cry1ab was essentially nontoxic except at high rates. to demonstrate these effects, we had to use exhaustive buffer-based controls. | 2009 | 19447954 |
| quality assurance of aerial applications of larvicides for mosquito control: effects of granule and catch tray size on field monitoring programs. | aerial applications of granular insecticides are preferable because they can effectively penetrate vegetation, there is less drift, and no loss of product due to evaporation. we aimed to 1) assess the field efficacy ofvectobac g to control aedes vigilax (skuse) in saltmarsh pools, 2) develop a stochastic-modeling procedure to monitor application quality, and 3) assess the distribution of vectobac g after an aerial application. because ground-based studies with ae. vigilax immatures found that ve ... | 2009 | 19449629 |
| technique to assess effectiveness of control tactics against ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) in whorl-stage corn. | ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) is one of the most damaging insect pests of corn. studies were conducted to determine whether live larval counts obtained from corn whorls were predictive of the amount of larval tunneling that would result in the stalk of the plant 40 d later at the end of larval development. whorls from plants treated with dipel 10g (6,400 iu per whorl) and untreated controls, both infested with o. nubilalis neonates, were evaluated for the number of live la ... | 2009 | 19449642 |
| limited survival of a cry2ab-resistant strain of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on bollgard ii. | bollgard ii cotton (which expresses two bt insecticidal genes cry1ac/cry2ab) and conventional cotton, grown in the laboratory or field and sampled at different stages, was exposed to helicoverpa armigera (hübner) larvae of three genotypes: homozygous for resistance to cry2ab; homozygous for susceptibility to cry2ab, and heterozygous for resistance. survival of all genotypes was limited on bollgard ii but increased as plants aged. this was particularly the case for homozygous resistant individual ... | 2009 | 19449653 |
| combining pest control and resistance management: synergy of engineered insects with bt crops. | transgenic crops producing insecticidal toxins are widely used to control insect pests. their benefits would be lost if resistance to the toxins became widespread in pest populations. the most widely used resistance management method is the high-dose/refuge strategy. this requires toxin-free host plants as refuges near insecticidal crops, and toxin doses intended to be sufficiently high to kill insects heterozygous for a resistant allele, thereby rendering resistance functionally recessive. we h ... | 2009 | 19449654 |
| frequency of alleles conferring resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac and cry2ab in australian populations of helicoverpa punctigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) from 2002 to 2006. | helicoverpa punctigera and helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) are important pests of field and horticultural crops in australia. the former is endemic to the continent, whereas the latter is also distributed in africa and asia. although h. armigera rapidly developed resistance to virtually every group of insecticide used against it, there is only one report of resistance to an insecticide in h. punctigera. in 1996 the australian cotton industry adopted ingard, which expresses ... | 2009 | 19449655 |
| bacillus thuringiensis resistance influences european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) larval behavior after exposure to cry1ab. | the behavior of pests targeted by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crops has been recognized as an important factor to define resistance management plans. however, most data do not include the possible impact resistance may have on the behavior of pests. to examine whether resistance influences behavior of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), neonates after exposure to dietary bt, the responses of cry1ab-resistant, -susceptible, and hybrid (f1) lines from two pop ... | 2009 | 19449661 |
| loop residues of the receptor binding domain of bacillus thuringiensis cry11ba toxin are important for mosquitocidal activity. | using a cry11ba toxin model, predicted loops in domain ii were analyzed for their role in receptor binding and toxicity. peptides corresponding to loops alpha8, 1 and 3, but not loop 2, competed with toxin binding to aedes midgut membranes. mutagenesis data reveal loops alpha8, 1 and 3 are involved in toxicity. loops 1 and 3 are of greater significance in toxicity to aedes and culex larvae than to anopheles. cry11ba binds the apical membrane of larval caecae and posterior midgut, and binding can ... | 2009 | 19450583 |
| mutagenic analysis of putative domain ii and surface residues in mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis cry19aa toxin. | the mosquitocidal crystal protein, cry19aa, from bacillus thuringiensis ssp. jegathesan, has high toxicity to anopheles stephensi and culex pipiens but is less toxic to aedes aegypti. to study the functional role of putative domain ii and surface residues in mosquito toxicity, 16 alanine substitution mutations were introduced into cry19aa. all mutant constructs were expressed as 65-kda protoxins and subsequently digested by trypsin to produce further fragmented polypeptides of 40 and 25 kda. wit ... | 2009 | 19456870 |
| heterologous expression of bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein-encoding gene vip3lb in photorhabdus temperata strain k122 and oral toxicity against the lepidoptera ephestia kuehniella and spodoptera littoralis. | photorhabdus temperata and bacillus thuringiensis are entomopathogenic bacteria exhibiting toxicities against different insect larvae. vegetative insecticidal protein vip3lb is a bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein secreted during the vegetative growth stage exhibiting lepidopteran specificity. in this study, we focused for the first time on the heterologous expression of vip3lb gene in photorhabdus temperata strain k122. firstly, western blot analyses of whole cultures of recombinant ph ... | 2009 | 19462262 |
| chromatographic and electrophoretic resolution of proteins and protein complexes from the larval midgut microvilli of manduca sexta. | the microvillar proteome of manduca sexta larval midguts was analyzed by subjecting brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) to two different two-dimensional approaches: (i) anion exchange chromatography followed by sds-page and (ii) blue native-page followed by sds-page. the first technique was superior to conventional 2-d gel electrophoresis in resolving the most abundant proteins associated with the midgut microvilli. twenty of them were successfully identified as digestive enzymes, binding targ ... | 2009 | 19464367 |
| cry1b and cry3a are active against hypothenemus hampei ferrari (coleoptera: scolytidae). | cry1b and cry3 proteins from bacillus thuringiensis are toxic to beetles such as the colorado potato beetle and the cottonwood leaf beetle. we report the development of a suitable rearing, bioassay method and the toxicity of these cry proteins to coffee berry borer first instar larvae. | 2009 | 19465024 |
| parasporal body formation via overexpression of the cry10aa toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, and cry10aa-cyt1aa synergism. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is the most widely used microbial control agent against mosquitoes and blackflies. its insecticidal success is based on an arsenal of toxins, such as cry4a, cry4b, cry11a, and cyt1a, harbored in the parasporal crystal of the bacterium. a fifth toxin, cry10aa, is synthesized at very low levels; previous attempts to clone and express cry10aa were limited, and no parasporal body was formed. by using a new strategy, the whole cry10a operon was cloned in the ... | 2009 | 19465527 |
| identification of a catabolite-responsive element necessary for regulation of the cry4a gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produces a potent mosquitocidal protein, cry4a. we have identified a 15-bp catabolite responsive element (cre), overlapping the -35 element of the cry4a promoter. changing a guanine to adenine at position -49 in the promoter abolished glucose catabolite repression of cry4a and enhanced promoter activity two- to threefold. this cis regulatory element is essential for controlled toxin synthesis, vital to evolutionary success of b. thuringiensis subsp. isra ... | 2009 | 19465665 |
| metabolomics of transgenic maize combining fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry and pressurized liquid extraction. | in this work, the potential of combining capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (ce-tof-ms) and fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (ft-icr-ms) for metabolomics of genetically modified organisms (gmos) is demonstrated. thus, six different varieties of maize, three of them transgenic (pr33p66 bt, tietar bt and aristis bt) and their corresponding isogenic lines (pr33p66, tietar and aristis) grown under the same field conditions, were analyzed. based on t ... | 2009 | 19477454 |
| development of insect-resistant transgenic rice with cry1c*-free endosperm. | yellow stem borer (tryporyza incertulas walker), striped stem borer (chilo suppressalis walker) and leaf folder (cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenec) are three lepidopteran pests that cause severe damage to rice in many areas of the world. in this study, novel insect-resistant transgenic rice was developed in which bt protein expression was nearly absent in the endosperm. the resistant gene, cry1c*, driven by the rice rbcs promoter (small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), ... | 2009 | 19479952 |
| activity of spores and extracellular proteins from six cry+ strains and a cry- strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki against the western spruce budworm, choristoneura occidentalis (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | we characterized insecticidal activity of previously untested strains of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki belonging to two crystal serovars (k-1 and k-73) against the western spruce budworm (choristoneura occidentalis freeman 1967). by testing various components, we demonstrated that spores play a critical role in the pathogenesis of each strain. spore-free crystals caused low mortality and purified spores were generally not toxic. the addition of spores to purified protoxin increased toxicity se ... | 2009 | 19483782 |
| chloroplast-targeted expression of synthetic cry1ac in transgenic rice as an alternative strategy for increased pest protection. | to increase insect resistance in transgenic rice plants, a synthetic truncated cry1ac gene was linked to the rice rbcs promoter and its transit peptide sequence (tp) for chloroplast-targeted expression. several transgenic lines were generated by the agrobacterium-mediated transformation method and the expression levels of the transgene were compared with untargeted expression. use of the rbcs-tp sequence increased the cry1ac transcript and protein levels by 25- and 100-fold, respectively, with t ... | 2009 | 19484258 |
| copper uptake by pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from infected burn patients. | pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from infected burn patients and characterized by standard biochemical tests. the in vitro copper uptake was compared between this isolated pathogenic strain and two non-pathogenic control strains of gram positive bacteria bacillus thuringiensis strain israelis as well as gram negative bacteria enterobacter aerogenes. maximum copper uptake of 470 ppm/g biomass was obtained by p. aeruginosa strain, while the control strains b. thuringiensis and enterobacter aero ... | 2009 | 19484296 |
| on-plant survival and inheritance of resistance to cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis in a field-derived strain of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | the high dose plus refuge is one of the major components of the resistance management plan mandated for transgenic corn expressing cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) that targets the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). this strategy was based on assumptions such as functional recessive inheritance, which has not been previously tested for o. nubilalis. the authors used a field-derived resistant strain of o. nubilalis to define the nature o ... | 2009 | 19484699 |
| expression, purification and characterization of the cry2aa14 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae. | an indigenous strain hd-550 of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae was found to be toxic to lepidopteran as well as dipteran insects. the cry2aa gene (classified as cry2aa14) from this isolate was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. only a little amount of the expressed cry2aa14 protein was observed in soluble fraction under normal induction condition. the inclusions were non-toxic to test insects, whereas solubilized cry2aa14 was highly toxic to lepidopteran and dipteran insects. cry2aa1 ... | 2009 | 19486907 |
| manduca sexta (lepidoptera: sphingidae) cadherin fragments function as synergists for cry1a and cry1c bacillus thuringiensis toxins against noctuid moths helicoverpa zea, agrotis ipsilon and spodoptera exigua. | specific bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) toxins are effective against a narrow spectrum of species. while specificity is an advantage for limiting adverse effects on non-target organisms, it is also the primary drawback of bt's application for controlling multiple pest species in agriculture, forestry and other areas. recently, it was reported that a small toxin-binding fragment of manduca sexta (joh.) cadherin acts as a synergist of bt toxins to m. sexta, heliothis virescens f. and helicov ... | 2009 | 19489014 |
| starch industry wastewater for production of biopesticides--ramifications of solids concentrations. | total solids (ts) concentrations ranging from 15 to 66 g l(-1) of starch industry wastewater (siw) were tested as raw material for the production of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1 (btk) biopesticide in shake flasks and a 15 l bench-scale fermenter. shake flask studies revealed a higher delta-endotoxin concentration of btk at 30 g l(-1) ts concentration and 2.5% (v v(-1)) volume of pre-culture. the fermenter experiments conducted using siw at 30 g l(-1) ts concentration under controlle ... | 2009 | 19492550 |
| spore display using bacillus thuringiensis exosporium protein inha. | a new spore display method is presented that enables recombinant proteins to be displayed on the surface of bacillus spores via fusion with inha, an exosporium component of bacillus thuringiensis. the green fluorescent protein and beta-galactosidase as model proteins were fused to the c-terminal region of inha, respectively. the surface expression of the proteins on the spores was confirmed by flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, measurement of the enzyme activity, and an immunogo ... | 2009 | 19494698 |
| occurrence of the transgenic corn cry1ab gene in freshwater mussels (elliptio complanata) near corn fields: evidence of exposure by bacterial ingestion. | the purpose of this study was to examine the contamination of cry1 and cry1ab genes from bacillus thuringiensis and transgenic corn in feral freshwater mussels collected from sites located in proximity of corn fields. in addition, mussels were transplanted for 2 months to a site in the huron river, upstream to the richelieu river, which is subject to intensive corn farming. mussels were significantly contaminated by both genes in their gills, digestive glands, and gonads, as determined by qpcr m ... | 2009 | 18397807 |
| expression and activity of a probable toxin from photorhabdus luminescens. | as an insect pathogen, photorhabdus luminescens possesses an arsenal of toxins. here we cloned and expressed a probable toxin from p. luminescens subsp. akhurstii ynd185, designated as photorhabdus insecticidal toxin (pit). the pit gene shares 94% nucleotide and 98% predicted amino acid sequence identity with plu1537, a predicted orf from p. luminescens subsp. laumondii tt01 and 30% predicted amino acid sequence similarity to a fragment of a 13.6 kda insecticidal crystal protein gene of bacillus ... | 2009 | 18409059 |
| translocation and insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis living inside of plants. | the major biological pesticide for the control of insect infestations of crops, bacillus thuringiensis was found to be present naturally within cotton plants from fields that had never been treated with commercial formulations of this bacterium. the ability of b. thuringiensis to colonize plants as an endophyte was further established by the introduction of a strain marked by production of green fluorescent protein (gfp). after inoculation of this preparation close to the roots of cotton and cab ... | 2009 | 21255282 |
| family portrait of bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis cereulide-producing strains. | two thousand bacillus cereus sensu lato isolates from food and environmental matrices were screened by pcr for the presence of cereulide-producing strains. this survey identified 73 potential emetic strains, most of which originated from non-random food and clinical samplings. none of the 460 bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides and bacillus pseudomycoides strains were pcr-positive for the cereulide genetic determinants. the chromosomal and extrachromosomal gene pool diversity of a subset o ... | 2009 | 23765791 |
| structural and functional analysis of giant strong component of bacillus thuringiensis metabolic network. | the purpose of this work was to study the giant strong component (gsc) of b. thuringiensis metabolic network by structural and functional analysis. based on so-called "bow tie" structure, we extracted and studied gsc with its functional significance. global structural properties such as degree distribution and average path length were computed and indicated that the gsc is also a small-world and scale-free network. furthermore, the gsc was decomposed and functional significant for metabolism of ... | 2009 | 24031381 |
| adaptive management of pest resistance by helicoverpa species (noctuidae) in australia to the cry2ab bt toxin in bollgard ii® cotton. | in australia, monitoring helicoverpa species for resistance to the cry2ab toxin in second generation bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton has precisely fulfilled its intended function: to warn of increases in resistance frequencies that may lead to field failures of the technology. prior to the widespread adoption of two-gene bt cotton, the frequency of cry2ab resistance alleles was at least 0.001 in h. armigera and h. punctigera. in the 5 years hence, there has been a significant and apparently e ... | 2010 | 25567948 |
| evolutionary ecology of insect adaptation to bt crops. | transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins are used worldwide to control major pests of corn and cotton. development of strategies to delay the evolution of pest resistance to bt crops requires an understanding of factors affecting responses to natural selection, which include variation in survival on bt crops, heritability of resistance, and fitness advantages associated with resistance mutations. the two main strategies adopted for delaying resistance are the refuge and pyra ... | 2010 | 25567947 |
| characterization of native bacillus thuringiensis strains by pcr-rapd based fingerprinting. | seventy isolates of bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from soil samples collected from cotton fields. these isolates were characterized by randomly amplified poylmorphic dna (rapd) markers to determine their genetic diversity pattern based on their source of origin. different random decamer primers were used for rapd amplification, which generated a total of 1935 fragments; of these 1865 were polymorphic and 68 monomorphic. the primers opa03, opa08, opd14, opd19, opd20, ope17 and opd19 produc ... | 2010 | 23100804 |
| multiplex pcr assay for the detection of enterotoxic bacillus cereus group strains and its application in food matrices. | bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis are the major concerns for the food safety in terms of frequency and/or seriousness of the disease. being members of the same group and sharing dna homology to a larger extent, they do create problems when their specific detection/identification is attempted from different food and environmental sources. numerous individual polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and few multiplex pcr (mpcr) methods have been employed to detect these organis ... | 2010 | 23100823 |
| emergence of minor pests becoming major pests in ge cotton in china: what are the reasons? what are the alternatives practices to this change of status? | a recent study in china by lu et al. ( 1) shows that populations of an occasional cotton pest, mirid bugs (heteroptera: miridae), increased following the introduction of genetically engineered (ge) cotton plants. the ge cotton produces a delta-endotoxin from the bacteria bacillus thuringiensis (bt) to control the cotton bollworm. before the introduction of bt cotton in china, mirid bugs were usually controlled by broad-spectrum pesticide sprays targeted against the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa a ... | 2010 | 21844676 |
| [essential expression and inducible synthesis polymorphism of chitinase in bacillus thuringiensis]. | chitinases were produced by a lot of microorganisms. chitinase gene expression in most of the chitinase producing bacteria was inducible by chitin. low levels of chitinase were observed in the presence of glucose. to date, however, the regulation of such chitinase gene in bacillus thuringiensis had not been well studied. in this paper, all 77 bacillus thuringiensis strains were grown in the medium with or without chitin. we measured quantitatively the chitinase activity of the cultures. moreover ... | 2010 | 21284213 |
| cost-effective production of bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides by solid-state fermentation using wastewater sludge: effects of heavy metals. | this study demonstrated the feasibility to produce bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (btk) based biopesticides using wastewater sludge as raw materials under solid-state fermentation (ssf). more than 10(10) cfu/g viable cells of btk were obtained using sludge or its mixture with agricultural wastes. this study well considered the effect of heavy metals on btk growth and their changes of chemical speciation caused by ssf. the ic(50) (concentration causing 50% inhibition in total cell biomass ... | 2010 | 21295967 |
| novel vip3a bacillus thuringiensis (bt) maize approaches high-dose efficacy against helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) under field conditions: implications for resistance management. | sweet corn, zea mays l., transformed to express a novel vegetative insecticidal protein, vip3a (event mir162, syngenta seeds, inc..), produced by the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), was evaluated over four field seasons in maryland and two field seasons in minnesota for efficacy against the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie). -áhybrids expressing the vip3a protein and pyramided in hybrids also expressing the cry1ab bt protein (event bt11, attribute (-«) , syngenta seeds, inc.) were c ... | 2010 | 21844691 |
| transgenic rice plants expressing cry1ia5 gene are resistant to stem borer (chilo agamemnon). | the stem borer,-áchilo agamemnon-ábles., is the most serious insect pest in-árice-áfields of the egyptian nile delta.-áto induce rice plant resistance to-áchilo agamemnon,-áthe-ácry1ia5-ágene was introduced to rice plants (oryza sativa-ál.).-áthe integration of the-ácry1ia5-ágene into the plant genome was confirmed using pcr and southern blot analyses. the obtained plantlets were transferred to the greenhouse until seeds were collected. northern blot analysis of the t1 plants confirmed the expre ... | 2010 | 21844686 |
| [significance of evaluation of the antibiotic-resistant properties of bacterial producing strains in the hygienic standardization system]. | the study was undertaken to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms that were used in biotechnological production and belonged to different taxons: gram-positive (bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, and bacillus thuringiensis) and gram-negative (alcaligenes denitrificans and pseudomonas caryophylii) bacteria and noncardioform actinomycetes (rhodococcus erythropolis and rhodococcus corallinus). the sensitivity of the strains to a range of antibiotics was determined by the aga ... | 2010 | 21344698 |
| susceptibility of field-collected aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and temephos. | the susceptibility status of field-collected aedes aegypti (l.) from a dengue endemic area to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) and temephos was determined. since august 2007, biweekly ovitrap surveillance (os) was conducted for 12 mo in 2 sites, a & b, in shah alam, selangor. site a was treated with a bti formulation, vectobac® wg at 500 g/ha, from december 2007 - june 2008 while site b was subjected to routine dengue vector control activities conducted by the local municipality. aedes a ... | 2010 | 21399591 |
| multi-generation effects of bt rice on anagrus nilaparvatae, a parasitoid of the nontarget pest nilapavarta lugens. | little is known about the potential cumulative long-term effects of transgenic crops on nontarget organisms. in the present laboratory study, the potential cumulative effects of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) rice on parasitoids in successive generations were observed for an egg parasitoid, anagrus nilaparvatae parasitizing eggs of nilaparvata lugens (stål) (hemiptera: delphacidae) feeding on bt rice. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test confirmed that cry1ab insecticidal protein coul ... | 2010 | 22182572 |
| effect on soil chemistry of genetically modified (gm) vs. non-gm maize. | the effects of genetically modified (gm) maize (zea mays l.) expressing the bacillus thuringiensis berliner cry1fa2 protein (bt) and phosphinothricin or glyphosate herbicide tolerance on soil chemistry (organic matter, n, p, k and ph), compared with non-gm controls, were assessed in field and pot experiments. in the field experiment, nh(4)(+) was significantly higher in soil under the crop modified for herbicide tolerance compared to the control (mean values of 11 and 9.6 mg n/kg respectively) w ... | 2010 | 21844670 |
| production of wetland chironomidae (diptera) and the effects of using bacillus thuringiensis israelensis for mosquito control. | massive mosquito nuisance problems, caused by the flood-water mosquito aedes sticticus, occur after floods in the flood plains of the river dalälven, central sweden. since 2002, the biological mosquito larvicide bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) has been used to control these mosquitoes. here, we report results from the first six years of monitoring chironomidae, the most susceptible non-target organisms, in three wetlands with bti-treatment against mosquitoes and in three wetlands w ... | 2010 | 19497137 |
| detection of the mosquitocidal toxin genes encoding cry11 proteins from bacillus thuringiensis using a novel pcr-rflp method. | a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) method for detection of cry11 genes from bacillus thuringiensis was established. based on the analysis of conserved regions of the cry11 genes, 2 oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a 1459-bp fragment of the cry11aa gene, and a 1471-bp of the cry11ba and cry11bb genes. the amplification products were digested with restriction endonuclease hinfi. exotic b. thuringiensis strains and native isolates collect ... | 2010 | 20461289 |
| photorhabdus adhesion modification protein (pam) binds extracellular polysaccharide and alters bacterial attachment. | photorhabdus are gram-negative nematode-symbiotic and insect-pathogenic bacteria. the species photorhabdus asymbiotica is able to infect humans as well as insects. we investigated the secreted proteome of a clinical isolate of p. asymbiotica at different temperatures in order to identify proteins relevant to the infection of the two different hosts. | 2010 | 20462430 |
| combined molecular dynamics and continuum solvent studies of the pre-pore cry4aa trimer suggest its stability in solution and how it may form pore. | abstract: cry4aa toxin is one of the highly specific mosquito-larvicidal proteins produced by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis. it is thought to form pores in the larval midgut membrane that cause membrane leakage and subsequent insect death. therefore, cry4aa and other cry toxins have been used as efficient and safe bacterial insecticides to control the disease-carrying mosquitoes such as aedes, anopheles, and culex. however, we still do not clearly understand how cry ... | 2010 | 20465833 |
| mirid bug outbreaks in multiple crops correlated with wide-scale adoption of bt cotton in china. | long-term ecological effects of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crops on nontarget pests have received limited attention, more so in diverse small holder-based cropping systems of the developing world. field trials conducted over 10 years in northern china show that mirid bugs (heteroptera: miridae) have progressively increased population sizes and acquired pest status in cotton and multiple other crops, in association with a regional increase in bt cotton adoption. more specifically, our ... | 2010 | 20466880 |
| a real-time pcr method to quantify spores carrying the bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis cry4aa and cry4ba genes in soil. | to develop a rapid real-time pcr method for the specific detection and quantification of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) spores present in the environment. | 2010 | 20477894 |
| cloning and characterization of truncated cry1ab gene from a new indigenous isolate of bacillus thuringiensis. | the insecticidal crystal protein(s) encoded by cry gene(s) of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been used for insect control both as biopesticides and in transgenic plants. a new 3'-truncated cry1ab gene was cloned from an indigenous isolate of bt, a19-31. nucleotide sequencing and homology search revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of cry1ab toxin of bt strain a19-31 had a variation of two amino acid residues with the holotype sequence, cry1ab1. expression of the 3'-truncated cry1ab ge ... | 2010 | 20480206 |
| attraction of the parasitoid cotesia marginiventris to host (spodoptera frugiperda) frass is affected by transgenic maize. | we assessed in the laboratory the attraction of the parasitoid cotesia marginiventris (cresson) toward odors emitted by conventional maize (zea mays l. ssp. mays) and bt (bacillus thuringiensis) maize seedlings following actual or simulated injury by spodoptera frugiperda (smith), the parasitoid's host, and emitted by the host's frass, produced following consumption of conventional or bt maize seedlings. females of c. marginiventris exhibited similarly strong responses to conventional and bt mai ... | 2010 | 20480228 |
| increase in midgut microbiota load induces an apparent immune priming and increases tolerance to bacillus thuringiensis. | the insect immune system is comprised of both humoral and cellular components that are mobilized in response to parasitic or pathogenic infections. activation of the immune response implies a considerable expenditure of energy and that is why insects rely on inducible pathways that are activated after coming into contact with the pathogenic agent. known as immune priming, insects can prolong the activation of the immune response and transmit their immune status to the next generation. starting f ... | 2010 | 20482744 |
| spatially resolved characterization of water and ion incorporation in bacillus spores. | we present the first direct visualization and quantification of water and ion uptake into the core of individual dormant bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) endospores. isotopic and elemental gradients in the b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis spores show the permeation and incorporation of deuterium in deuterated water (d(2)o) and solvated ions throughout individual spores, including the spore core. under hydrated conditions, incorporation into a spo ... | 2010 | 20348293 |
| expression in escherichia coli of the native cyt1aa from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the gene cyt1aa is one of the genes in the complex determining the mosquito larvicidity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. previous cloning in escherichia coli resulted in a 48-bp addition upstream, encoding a chimera. here, cyt1aa was recloned without the artifact, and its toxicity against aedes aegypti larvae and host e. coli cells was retested. | 2010 | 20348307 |
| natural variation explains most transcriptomic changes among maize plants of mon810 and comparable non-gm varieties subjected to two n-fertilization farming practices. | the introduction of genetically modified organisms (gmo) in many countries follows strict regulations to ensure that only safety-tested products are marketed. over the last few years, targeted approaches have been complemented by profiling methods to assess possible unintended effects of transformation. here we used a commercial (affymertix) microarray platform (i.e. allowing assessing the expression of approximately 1/3 of the genes of maize) to evaluate transcriptional differences between comm ... | 2010 | 20349115 |
| single concentration tests show synergism among bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxins against the malaria vector mosquito anopheles albimanus. | bioassays of insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis with larvae of the malaria vector mosquito anopheles albimanus showed that the cytolytic protein cyt1aa was not toxic alone, but it increased the toxicity of the crystalline proteins cry4ba and cry11aa. synergism also occurred between cry4ba and cry11aa toxins. whereas many previous analyses of synergism have been based on a series of toxin concentrations leading to comparisons between expected and observed values ... | 2010 | 20361977 |
| multiple reciprocal adaptations and rapid genetic change upon experimental coevolution of an animal host and its microbial parasite. | the coevolution between hosts and parasites is predicted to have complex evolutionary consequences for both antagonists, often within short time periods. to date, conclusive experimental support for the predictions is available mainly for microbial host systems, but for only a few multicellular host taxa. we here introduce a model system of experimental coevolution that consists of the multicellular nematode host caenorhabditis elegans and the microbial parasite bacillus thuringiensis. we demons ... | 2010 | 20368449 |
| binding site alteration is responsible for field-isolated resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry2a insecticidal proteins in two helicoverpa species. | evolution of resistance by target pests is the main threat to the long-term efficacy of crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal proteins. cry2 proteins play a pivotal role in current bt spray formulations and transgenic crops and they complement cry1a proteins because of their different mode of action. their presence is critical in the control of those lepidopteran species, such as helicoverpa spp., which are not highly susceptible to cry1a proteins. in australia, a transgenic ... | 2010 | 20376312 |
| isolation of transcripts from diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte responsive to the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry3bb1. | crystal (cry) proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been widely used as a method of insect pest management for several decades. in recent years, a transgenic corn expressing the cry3bb1 toxin has been successfully used for protection against corn rootworm larvae (genus diabrotica). the biological action of the bt toxin in corn rootworms has not yet been clearly defined. because development of resistance to bt by corn rootworms will have huge economic and ecological costs, insigh ... | 2010 | 20337747 |
| identification of native bacillus thuringiensis strain from south india having specific cytocidal activity against cancer cells. | to identify the parasporin-producing, indigenous bacillus thuringiensis strains that specifically targets human cancer cells in madurai, tamil nadu, south india. | 2010 | 20337765 |
| bacillus thuringiensis: an impotent pathogen? | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is an insecticidal bacterium that has successfully been used as a biopesticide for many years. it is usually referred to as a soil-dwelling organism, as a result of the prevalence of its spores in this environment, but one that can act as an opportunistic pathogen under appropriate conditions. our understanding of the biology of this organism has been challenged further by the recent publication of two reports that claim that bt requires the co-operation of commensal ... | 2010 | 20338765 |
| inactivation and mineralization of aerosol deposited model pathogenic microorganisms over tio2 and pt/tio2. | air disinfection from bacteria and viruses by means of photocatalytic oxidation is investigated with microorganisms loaded over photocatalysts' films from aerosols. deposition method and equipment have been developed to load mycobacterium smegmatis , bacillus thuringiensis , vaccinia virus, and influenza a (h3n2) virus on slides with undoped tio(2) and platinized sulfated tio(2) (pt/tio(2)). inactivation dynamics was measured under uva irradiation and in the dark. about 90% inactivation is reach ... | 2010 | 20521809 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis mutant strain bmb171. | bacillus thuringiensis has been widely used as a biopesticide for a long time. here we report the finished and annotated genome sequence of b. thuringiensis mutant strain bmb171, an acrystalliferous mutant strain with a high transformation frequency obtained and stocked in our laboratory. | 2010 | 20525827 |
| novel strategy for protein production using a peptide tag derived from bacillus thuringiensis cry4aa. | numerous proteins cannot be sufficiently prepared by ordinary recombinant dna techniques because they are unstable or have deleterious effects on the host cell. one idea to prepare such proteins is to produce them as protein inclusions. here we developed a novel system to effectively prepare proteins by using peptide tags derived from the insecticidal cry toxin of a soil bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis. fusion with this peptide tag, designated 4aacter, facilitates the formation of protein incl ... | 2010 | 20528915 |
| biosynthesis of a new udp-sugar, udp-2-acetamido-2-deoxyxylose, in the human pathogen bacillus cereus subspecies cytotoxis nvh 391-98. | we have identified an operon and characterized the functions of two genes from the severe food-poisoning bacterium, bacillus cereus subsp. cytotoxis nvh 391-98, that are involved in the synthesis of a unique udp-sugar, udp-2-acetamido-2-deoxyxylose (udp-n-acetyl-xylosamine, udp-xylnac). uglcnacdh encodes a udp-n-acetyl-glucosamine 6-dehydrogenase, converting udp-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-glcnac) to udp-n-acetyl-glucosaminuronic acid (udp-glcnaca). the second gene in the operon, uxnacs, encodes a ... | 2010 | 20529859 |
| why drought tolerance is not the new bt. | 2010 | 20531328 | |
| plasmid protein tubr uses a distinct mode of hth-dna binding and recruits the prokaryotic tubulin homolog tubz to effect dna partition. | the segregation of plasmid dna typically requires three elements: a dna centromere site, an ntpase, and a centromere-binding protein. because of their simplicity, plasmid partition systems represent tractable models to study the molecular basis of dna segregation. unlike eukaryotes, which utilize the gtpase tubulin to segregate dna, the most common plasmid-encoded ntpases contain walker-box and actin-like folds. recently, a plasmid stability cassette on bacillus thuringiensis pbtoxis encoding a ... | 2010 | 20534443 |
| synergistic activity between bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab and cry1ac toxins against maize stem borer (chilo partellus swinhoe). | to select a toxin combination for the management of maize stem borer (chilo partellus) and to understand possible mechanism of synergism among bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins tested. | 2010 | 20536706 |
| biochemical characterization of two purified proteins of the ib-16 bacillus thuringiensis strains and their toxicity against the sheep nematode haemonchus contortus in vitro. | the aim of this study was to characterize the biochemical composition of two main ib-16 bacillus thuringiensis proteins and to determine their toxicity on the blood-feeder nematode, haemonchus contortus. the soluble toxin of ib-16 strain of b. thuringiensis produces five main bands of proteins, the chemical composition of which might play an important role on the lethal activity. two bands of proteins around 25 and 70 kda were chosen and purified by hplc using a hydrogel column and sephadex-bead ... | 2010 | 20537121 |
| enzymic disruption of n-aroyl-l-homoserine lactone-based quorum sensing. | 2010 | 20544776 | |
| rnai-mediated knockdown of a spodoptera frugiperda trypsin-like serine-protease gene reduces susceptibility to a bacillus thuringiensis cry1ca1 protoxin. | sft6 has been identified in a subtracted cdna library of spodoptera frugiperda larval midgut transcripts as a serine-protease gene downregulated within 24 h of intoxication with bacillus thuringiensis cry1ca1 protein. in the present study, the specific role of sft6 during cry1ca1 intoxication was investigated by rt-pcr and in vivo rna interference. quantitative real-time rt-pcr analysis showed sft6 mrna levels in the midgut tissue were significantly reduced after injecting or feeding 4th-instar ... | 2010 | 20545748 |
| transformation of coffee (coffea arabica l. cv. catimor) with the cry1ac gene by biolistic, without the use of markers. | the transformation of coffee plantlets with the cry1ac gene of bacillus thuringiensis was achieved by biolistic using either the whole pubc plasmid or only the ubi-cry1ac-nos genetic cassette. the cry1ac gene was inserted into coffee plants in order to confer resistance to the leaf miner leucoptera coffeella, an insect responsible for considerable losses in coffee crops. bearing in mind that the genetic cassettes used for this study lack reporter genes and/or selection marker genes, the paramete ... | 2010 | 20549067 |
| monitoring of bt11 and bt176 genetically modified maize in food sold commercially in brazil from 2005 to 2007. | the first genetically modified (gm) maize lines were approved for trading in brazil after december 2007 and they were t25, mon810, bt11, nk603 and ga21. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was employed to monitor the presence of bt11 and nested pcr was used to detect the presence of bt176 in 81 maize-derived products (maize flour, corn meal, maize flour flakes and polenta) that were sold in brazilian market from 2005 to 2007, before the release of gm maize in brazil. | 2010 | 20549814 |
| population-level effects of spinosad and bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in daphnia pulex and daphnia magna: comparison of laboratory and field microcosm exposure conditions. | because exposure to toxicants not only results in mortality but also in multiple sublethal effects, the use of life-table data appears particularly suitable to assess global effects on exposed populations. the present study uses a life table response approach to assess population-level effects of two insecticides used against mosquito larvae, spinosad (8 μg/l) and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti, 0.5 μl/l), on two non target species, daphnia pulex and daphnia magna (crustacea: clado ... | 2010 | 20552396 |
| testing insecticide resistance management strategies: mosaic versus rotations. | developing scientifically valid, economically acceptable insecticide resistance management (irm) programs is critical for sustainable insect management. the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), has demonstrated an ability to develop resistance to many different classes of insecticides, including proteins produced by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt). recently it has developed resistance to the novel compounds spinosad and indoxacarb. in greenhouse cage experiments, a labo ... | 2010 | 20552665 |
| glucose induced fractal colony pattern of bacillus thuringiensis. | growing colonies of bacteria on the surface of thin agar plates exhibit fractal patterns as a result of nonlinear response to environmental conditions, such as nutrients, solidity of the agar medium and temperature. here, we examine the effect of glucose on pattern formation by growing colonies of bacillus thuringiensis isolate kpwp1. we also present the theoretical modeling of the colony growth of kpwp1 and the associated spatio-temporal patterns. our experimental results are in excellent agree ... | 2010 | 20553734 |
| generation of chitin-derived oligosaccharides toxic to pathogenic bacteria using chia74, an endochitinase native to bacillus thuringiensis. | to demonstrate that an endochitinase (chia74) native to bacillus thuringiensis can be used to generate chitin-derived oligosaccharides (ogs) with antibacterial activity against a number of aetiological agents of disease, including bacteria that cause diarrhoeal and emetic syndromes in humans. | 2010 | 20557451 |
| prospective formulation of environmental risk assessments: probabilistic screening for cry1a(b) maize risk to aquatic insects. | a critical first step for environmental risk assessment is problem formulation to identify environmental entities of concern and determinants of exposure that place these entities at risk. a conservative screening level approach was used to evaluate the potential risk to sensitive aquatic species from maize-expressed cry1a(b) protein occurring in a representative agroecosystem. estimated environmental concentrations for cry1a(b) were compared to threshold concentrations of concern for putative s ... | 2010 | 20561683 |
| field evaluation against aedes aegypti larvae of aluminum-carboxymethylcellulose-encapsulated spore-toxin complex formulation of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis. | the insecticidal activity after field exposure of an aluminum-carboxymethylcellulose microencapsulated formulation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) spore-toxin complex, with malachite green as photoprotective agent, was evaluated using third-instar aedes aegypti (l.) larvae in laboratory bioassays in veracruz, méxico. four insecticide treatments and an untreated control were compared at low and high doses over 96 d of field exposure under full sun or full shade conditions: 1) microenc ... | 2010 | 20568600 |
| effect of clonal variation among hybrid poplars on susceptibility of gypsy moth (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | trees in the genus populus can provide substantial commercial and ecological benefits, including sustainable alternatives to traditional forestry. realization of this potential requires intensive management, but damage by defoliating insects can severely limit productivity in such systems. two approaches to limiting these losses include cultivation of poplar varieties with inherent resistance to pests and application of microbial pesticides. little is known about the interaction between host res ... | 2010 | 20568617 |
| selection experiments to assess fitness costs associated with cry2ab resistance in helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | population cage experiments were employed to detect variability in fitness among cry2ab resistant and cry2ab susceptible genotypes of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). in two experiments, reciprocal crosses between a cry2ab resistant colony (sp15) and a susceptible colony (gr) established populations where the frequency of the allele that conferred resistance was 0.5. experimental populations were then maintained without exposure to cry toxins. at the f2 generation and on l ... | 2010 | 20568630 |
| modeling evolution of diabrotica virgifera virgifera (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) to transgenic corn with two insecticidal traits. | a simulation model of the population dynamics and genetics of western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), was created to evaluate the use of refuges in the management of resistance to transgenic insecticidal corn, zea mays l., expressing one or two toxin traits. hypothetical scenarios and a case study of a corn hybrid pyramided with existing toxins are simulated. in the hypothetical situations, results demonstrated that evolution is generally delaye ... | 2010 | 20568632 |
| offspring from sequential matings between bacillus thuringiensis-resistant and bacillus thuringiensis-susceptible heliothis virescens moths (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is an economically important pest of the americas. females of this species copulate multiple times during their lifetimes, and the presence of sperm from multiple males inside them could allow for a diversity of paternal genotypes in the offspring, unless there was complete precedence of sperm from the first mating. if a female copulates with a male that is insecticide-susceptible and another male that is insecticide-resista ... | 2010 | 20568633 |
| activity of bacillus thuringiensis isolates against immature horn fly and stable fly (diptera: muscidae). | we screened 85 isolates of bacillus thuringiensis (berliner), making up 57 different subspecies, and two isolates of bacillus sphaericus (meyer and neide) for activity against immature horn flies, haematobia irritans (l.), and stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). the majority of b. thuringiensis and the b. sphaericus isolates had little or no activity against horn fly and stable fly. approximately 87% of the isolates caused < 50% mortality of horn fly larvae and 64% caused < 25% mortality. fo ... | 2010 | 20568651 |
| microcalorimetric and potentiometric titration studies on the adsorption of copper by p. putida and b. thuringiensis and their composites with minerals. | in order to have a better understanding of the interactions of heavy metals with bacteria and minerals in soil and associated environments, isothermal titration calorimetry (itc), potentiometric titration and equilibrium sorption experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption behavior of cu(ii) by bacillus thuringiensis, pseudomonas putida and their composites with minerals. the interaction of montmorillonite with bacteria increased the reactive sites and resulted in greater adsorption ... | 2010 | 20576350 |
| defining specific lipid binding sites for a peripheral membrane protein in situ using subtesla field-cycling nmr. | despite the profound physiological consequences associated with peripheral membrane protein localization, only a rudimentary understanding of the interactions of proteins with membrane surfaces exists because these questions are inaccessible by commonly used structural techniques. here, we combine high resolution field-cycling (31)p nmr relaxation methods with spin-labeled proteins to delineate specific interactions of a bacterial phospholipase c with phospholipid vesicles. unexpectedly, discret ... | 2010 | 20576615 |
| effects of long-term feeding of genetically modified corn (event mon810) on the performance of lactating dairy cows. | a long-term study over 25 months was conducted to evaluate the effects of genetically modified corn on performance of lactating dairy cows. thirty-six dairy cows were assigned to two feeding groups and fed with diets based on whole-crop silage, kernels and whole-crop cobs from bt-corn (bt-mon810) or its isogenic not genetically modified counterpart (con) as main components. the study included two consecutive lactations. there were no differences in the chemical composition and estimated net ener ... | 2010 | 20579187 |
| [spectrophometric analysis of volatile compounds in microorganisms]. | a simple modification of a spectrophometric method was proposed for the rapid detection of microorganisms based on their ability either to excrete or to absorb volatile compounds. the method provides the possibility of contactless control for bacterial growth at a concentration above 10(7) cells/ml. in addition, the method allows discriminating mutants of the fungus neurospora crassa defective in the nitrogen metabolism from the wild type strains. it is likely that nitrite reductase and nitrate ... | 2010 | 20586286 |
| amino acid substitution on beta1 and alphaf of cyt2aa2 affects molecular interaction of protoxin. | cyt2aa2 is a mosquito-larvicidal protein produced as a 29 kda crystalline protoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis. to become an active toxin, proteolytic processing is required to remove amino acids from its n- and c-termini. this study aims to investigate the functional role of amino acid residues on the n-terminal beta1 and c-terminal alphaf of cyt2aa2 protoxin. mutant protoxins were constructed, characterized and compared to the wild type cyt2aa2. protein expression data an ... | 2010 | 20587333 |
| characterisation of the binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis 18 toxin on leukaemic cells. | various strains of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been found to produce parasporal proteins that are cytotoxic to human cancer cells. this study aims to establish the binding affinity of purified bt 18 toxin for cem-ss (t lymphoblastic leukaemia cell line), to determine if competition exists between the toxin and commercial anticancer drugs for the binding site on cem-ss and to localise the binding site of the toxin on cem-ss. | 2010 | 20591169 |
| production of marker-free transgenic rice expressing tissue-specific bt gene. | the hybrid bacillus thuringiensis (bt) δ-endotoxin gene cry1ab/ac was used to develop a transgenic bt rice (oryza sativa l.) targeting lepidopteran insects of rice. here, we show the production of a marker-free and tissue-specific expressing transgenic bt rice line l24 using agrobacterium-mediated transformation and a chemically regulated, cre/loxp-mediated dna recombination system. l24 carries a single copy of marker-free t-dna that contains the cry1ab/ac gene driven by a maize phosphoenolpyruv ... | 2010 | 20593185 |
| conjugal transfer between bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus strains is not directly correlated with growth of recipient strains. | bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus belong to the b. cereus species group. the two species share substantial chromosomal similarity and differ mostly in their plasmid content. the phylogenetic relationship between these species remains a matter of debate. there is genetic exchange both within and between these species, and current evidence indicates that insects are a particularly suitable environment for the growth of and genetic exchange between these species. we investigated the conjug ... | 2010 | 20600090 |
| resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in the cabbage looper (trichoplusia ni) increases susceptibility to a nucleopolyhedrovirus. | cabbage loopers, trichoplusia ni, are pests in many agricultural settings including vegetable greenhouses in british columbia (canada), where microbial insecticides based on bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins are commonly used. frequent use of these insecticides has led to resistance in some populations. an alternative microbial control is the multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus of the alfalfa looper (autographa californica), acmnpv which occurs naturally, but at low frequencies in t. ni populations. ... | 2010 | 20600095 |
| development of a stationary phase-specific autoinducible expression system in bacillus subtilis. | bacillus thuringiensis produces crystal proteins (cry) that account for up to 25% of the dry cell weight during the stationary phase. the high-level expression and stationary phase-specific autoinduction of the cry gene led to development of a cry promoter-based bacillus expression system. among the various cry promoters, cry3aa promoter was selected by comparing the lacz expression levels in bacillus subtilis. an extracellular enzyme cellulase was highly upregulated during the stationary phase ... | 2010 | 20600378 |
| baseline sensitivity of lepidopteran corn pests in india to cry1ab insecticidal protein of bacillus thuringiensis. | genetically engineered corn (bt corn) expressing bacillus thuringiensis berliner insecticidal protein cry1ab is a biotechnological option being considered for management of lepidopteran corn pests in india. as a resistance management practice it was essential to determine the sensitivity of multiple populations of the stalk borer chilo partellus (swinhoe), pink borer sesamia inferens (walker) and the cob borer helicoverpa armigera (hübner) to cry1ab protein through bioassays. the insect populati ... | 2010 | 20602522 |
| a viral histone h4 suppresses expression of a transferrin that plays a role in the immune response of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. | a transferrin (tf) gene has been predicted from an expressed sequence tag of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. it encodes 681 amino acid residues that share 80-90% sequence homologies with other lepidopteran tfs. the gene was constitutively expressed in all developmental stages of p. xylostella. double-stranded rna (dsrna) specific to the tf gene was prepared and microinjected into the larvae. we hypothesize that the dsrna treatment suppressed the tf gene expression level and it signifi ... | 2010 | 20491980 |
| integration of insecticidal protein vip3aa1 into beauveria bassiana enhances fungal virulence to spodoptera litura larvae by cuticle and per os infection. | the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana acts slowly on insect pests through cuticle infection. vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip3a) of bacillus thuringiensis kill lepidopteran pests rapidly, via per os infection, but their use for pest control is restricted to integration into transgenic plants. a transgenic b. bassiana strain (bbv28) expressing vip3aa1 (a vip3a toxin) was thus created to infect the larvae of the oriental leafworm moth spodoptera litura through conidial ingestion and ... | 2010 | 20495052 |