Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| acaricidal effects of cardiac glycosides, azadirachtin and neem oil against the camel tick, hyalomma dromedarii (acari: ixodidae). | the cardiac glycoside, digitoxin, from digitalis purpurea l (scrophulariaceae), a cardiac glycosidal (cardenolide) extract from calotropis procera (ait) r br (asclepiadaceae), azadirachtin and neem oil from azadirachta indica a juss (meliaceae) were tested for their effects against larvae and adult stages of the camel tick, hyalomma dromedarii koch (acari: ixodidae). the contact lc50 values of the first three materials against adults were 4.08, 9.63 and >40.7 microg cm(-2), respectively, whereas ... | 2003 | 14620053 |
| antibacterial activity of extracts from some edible plants commonly consumed in asia. | extracts of edible plants (26 species) from china, japan, thailand and yemen were screened for their antibacterial activity against bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli and salmonella infantis. buffered methanol (80% methanol and 20% pbs) and acetone extracted inhibitory substances against tested bacteria from 16 plants, as revealed by the disc assay. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of extracts determined by the agar dilution method ranged ... | 2003 | 12423924 |
| comparative evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of some indian medicinal plants in alloxan diabetic rats. | in our experiments 30 hypoglycaemic medicinal plants (known and less known) have been selected for thorough studies from indigenous folk medicines, ayurvedic, unani and siddha systems of medicines. in all the experiments with different herbal samples (vacuum dried 95% ethanolic extracts), definite blood glucose lowering effect within 2 weeks have been confirmed in alloxan diabetic albino rats. blood glucose values are brought down close to normal fasting level using herbal samples at a dose of 2 ... | 2003 | 12499084 |
| evaluation of antiplaque activity of azadirachta indica leaf extract gel--a 6-week clinical study. | various chemical agents have been evaluated over the years with respect to their antimicrobial effects in the oral cavity; however, all are associated with side effects that prohibit regular long-term use. therefore, the effectiveness of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) leaf extract against plaque formation was assessed in males between the age group of 20-30 years over a period of 6 weeks. present study includes formulation of mucoadhesive dental gel containing azadirachta indica leaf extract ... | 2004 | 14698516 |
| effects of azadirachta indica extract on gastric ulceration and acid secretion in rats. | the effect of azadirachta indica extract on gastric ulceration was studied in albino rats. azadirachta indica extract (100-800 mg/kg p.o., 100-25 mg/kg i.p.) significantly inhibited gastric ulceration induced by indomethacin (40 mg/kg). administration of 800 mg/kg p.o. and 250 mg/kg i.p. caused 100% cytoprotection against indomethacin (40mg/kg, i.p.)-induced gastric ulceration. this action was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in total gastric acidity. in order to investigate the probable ... | 2004 | 14698526 |
| protective role of extracts of neem seeds in diabetes caused by streptozotocin in rats. | effect of petroleum ether extracts of kernel (nsk) and husk (nsh) of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss, meliaceae) seeds on the prevention of oxidative stress caused by streptozotocin (stz) was investigated. diabetes mellitus was induced in adult male wistar rats after administration of stz (55 mg/kg b.wt., i.p., tail vein). the effect of nsk (2 gm/kg, b.wt.) and nsh (0.9 gm/kg, b.wt.) orally for 28 days was investigated in diabetic rats. insulin-treated diabetic rats (6 u/kg, i.p., 28 days.) ser ... | 2004 | 15013179 |
| traditional oral health practices among kanuri women of borno state, nigeria. | a structured questionnaire was administered on 495 women (urban 339, rural 156) from two lgas of borno state, nigeria, using the interviewer method. the age range of the subjects was 12 to 80 years with a mean age (+/- sd) of 35.7 +/- 13.44 years. majority (83.5%) did not have any formal education. oral hygiene tools used by the respondents included toothbrush/paste 36 (7.9%), chewing stick 250 (54.9%), charcoal 159 (34.9%) and ordinary water 10 (2.2%). of those using chewing sticks; 168 (67.2%) ... | 2004 | 15900821 |
| the occurrence and allergising potential of airborne pollen in west bengal, india. | a continuous 2-year volumetric aerobiological survey was conducted in berhampore town, a centrally located and representative part of west bengal, india. the aim of the study was to assess the allergising potential of airborne pollen grains of west bengal. a total of 31 pollen types were identified of which poaceae (grasses) pollen showed maximum frequency, followed by cyperaceae, cassia sp., acacia auriculiformis, etc. the seasonal periodicities of the pollen types and their relationship to met ... | 2004 | 15236497 |
| effect of herbal molluscicides and their combinations on the reproduction of the snail lymnaea acuminata. | effects of sublethal treatment (20 and 60% of lc50/24 h) of the plant-derived molluscicides annona squamosa linn. and lawsonia inermis linn. and their combinations with other herbal molluscicides, such as cedrus deodara roxb, azadirachta indica a. juss, bulb powder of allium sativum linn. and polianthes tuberosa linn., and oleoresin of zingiber officinale rosc., and acetogenins extracted from the seeds of a. squamosa linn., on the reproduction of the snail lymnaea acuminata have been studied. it ... | 2004 | 15253044 |
| safety evaluation of neem (azadirachta indica) derived pesticides. | the neem tree, azadirachta indica, provides many useful compounds that are used as pesticides and could be applied to protect stored seeds against insects. however in addition to possible beneficial health effects, such as blood sugar lowering properties, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and hepatoprotective effects, also toxic effects are described. in this study we present a review of the toxicological data from human and animal studies with oral administration of different neem-b ... | 2004 | 15261960 |
| evaluation of calcium-alginate gel as an artificial diet medium for bioassays on common cutworms. | a calcium-alginate gel diet was developed for spodoptera litura larvae, and its reliability as a carrier for incorporating antifeedants as well as insecticides was investigated. the alginate gel diet was prepared with a simple protocol, which does not involve any heating process. when tested using this diet, acephate, a bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin formulation and rotenone reproducibly showed insecticidal activity against the larvae, while neem oil and scabequinone deterred the larval feedin ... | 2004 | 15264908 |
| mechanism of antiulcer effect of neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extract: effect on h+-k+-atpase, oxidative damage and apoptosis. | the mechanism of the antiulcer effect of neem leaf aqueous extract to block gastric lesions in rat has been studied with emphasis on acid secretion, oxidative damage and apoptosis. the extract dose-dependently inhibits gastric lesions induced by restraint-cold stress, indomethacin and ethanol. in stress ulcer model, it is more effective than ranitidine but less effective than omeprazole. it also dose-dependently blocks pylorus ligation and mercaptomethylimidazole-induced acid secretion. in the p ... | 2004 | 15265317 |
| ultrastructural changes in cauda epididymidal epithelial cell types of azadirachta indica leaf treated rats. | to assess if cauda epididymis is a target for the effect of a. indica leaves, wistar strain male albino rats were administered (po) a. indica leaves (100 mg/rat/day for 24 days). transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed that in the cauda epididymal epithelium the nuclei of principal cells were enlarged and the number of coated micropinocytotic vesicles of the apical cytoplasm decreased. microvilli were missing and mitochondrial cristae and golgi complex were highly disrupted. the cyto ... | 2004 | 15587115 |
| hypoglycaemic effects of some plant extracts are possibly mediated through inhibition in corticosteroid concentration. | to unravel the possible mechanism of glucose lowering activity, effects of ten different plant extracts in the regulation of serum cortisol and glucose concentrations were evaluated in male mice. while the extracts of inula racemosa, boerhaavia diffusa and ocimum sanctum decreased the serum concentration of both cortisol and glucose, aegle marmelos, azadirachta indica and gymnema sylvestre extracts could exhibit hypoglycaemic activity without altering the serum cortisol concentration. it appears ... | 2004 | 15587591 |
| bioefficacy and mode-of-action of some limonoids of salannin group from azadirachta indica a. juss and their role in a multicomponent system against lepidopteran larvae. | biological activities of the salannin type of limonoids isolated from azadirachta indica a. juss were assessed using the gram pod borer helicoverpa armigera (hubner) and the tobacco armyworm spodoptera litura (fabricius) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). inhibition of larval growth was concomitant with reduced feeding by neonate and third instar larvae. all three compounds exhibited strong antifeedant activity in a choice leaf disc bioassay with 2.0, 2.3 and 2.8 microg/cm(2) of 3-o-acetyl salannol, sala ... | 2004 | 15625397 |
| toward development of neem-based repellents against the scottish highland biting midge culicoides impunctatus. | oil of neem, from the tree azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae), was evaluated for repellent and antifeedant activity against culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae), by three complementary methods with serial dilutions. electroantennograms revealed the sensitivity of culicoides nubeculosus (meigen) females to neem > or = 0.10%. culicoides impunctatus goetghebuer females were repelled by > or = 1% in a y-tube olfactometer, using a membrane feeder for wild-caught parous females of c ... | 2004 | 15642014 |
| [preparation of contraceptive pill microcapsule and its anti-fertility effect]. | the main component of this pill is 2-octadecanoic acid-4-palmitic acid-2, 4-pentanediyl ester separated from chloroform extract of neem oil. the microcapsules coated by the re-curdle method were fabricated with an average particle size of 100-180 microm. the morphological characteristics, incorporation efficiency, carrier reclamation efficiency of the microcapsule were investigated. kunming mice were used in the experiment, and the anti-fertility effect of the microcapsule on the histology and a ... | 2004 | 15646346 |
| inhibition of patulin production by penicillium expansum cultured with neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extracts. | aqueous extract of the leaves of neem [azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae)] was tested in vitro for antifungal activity against penicillium expansum. patulin production was inhibited during cultivation, when concentrations higher than 50 mg/ml of neem leaf extract was added to the culture medium. analyses of mycotoxin production were performed by tlc and hplc. fungal growth and colony characteristics, in the presence of the extract, were investigated and compared with extract-free cultures. | 2004 | 15069669 |
| effect of bacopa monniera and azadirachta indica on gastric ulceration and healing in experimental niddm rats. | gastric ulcers were induced in normal/niddm rats by various physical (2 hr cold restraint stress and 4 hr pylorus ligation) and chemical agents (ethanol, 1 ml/200 g, oral, 1 hr before; aspirin, 200 mg/kg, oral, 4 hr) and duodenal ulcers were induced by cysteamine (40 mg/200 g). ulcer healing activity was studied in gastric ulcers induced by acetic acid (50%) and hci (0.6 m). the result indicated that in both, normal and niddm rats, b. monniera extract (bme, 20-100 mg/kg) did not show any signifi ... | 2004 | 15088689 |
| chemopreventive potential of azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract in murine carcinogenesis model systems. | numerous laboratory studies reveal that various naturally occurring dietary substances can modify the patho-physiological process of various metabolic disorders and can be an effective preventive strategy for various diseases, including cancer. indian neem tree, azadirachta indica a. juss. (family: meliaceae), contains at least 35 biologically active principles and is widely grown all over the tropics. the effect of two different doses (250 and 500 mg per kilogram body weight) of 80% ethanolic e ... | 2004 | 15099843 |
| ecological risk assessment of neem-based pesticides. | a tiered process was used to evaluate the risks of pure azadirachtin (aza) and two neem-based insecticides (neemix and bioneem) on six aquatic animals [crayfish (procambarus clarkii), white shrimp (penaeus setiferus), grass shrimp (palaemonetes pugio), blue crabs (callinectes sapidus), water fleas (daphnia pulex), and mosquito larvae (culex quinquefasciatus)] through short term acute toxicity tests. the risk was calculated using the level of concern endpoints (q values) and relative hazard index ... | 2004 | 15132337 |
| pesticide exposure--indian scene. | use of pesticides in india began in 1948 when ddt was imported for malaria control and bhc for locust control. india started pesticide production with manufacturing plant for ddt and benzene hexachloride (bhc) (hch) in the year 1952. in 1958, india was producing over 5000 metric tonnes of pesticides. currently, there are approximately 145 pesticides registered for use, and production has increased to approximately 85,000 metric tonnes. rampant use of these chemicals has given rise to several sho ... | 2004 | 15138033 |
| an antimalarial extract from neem leaves is antiretroviral. | an acetone-water neem leaf extract with antimalarial activity was evaluated in vitro at 5 microg/ml for inhibition of adhesion of malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes and cancer cells to endothelial cells, and at 10 microg/ml for protection of lymphocytes against invasion by hiv. the extract was also evaluated in 10 patients with hiv/aids at 1000 mg daily for 30 d. the mean binding of infected erythrocytes and cancer cells per endothelial cell was 15 and 11 respectively in the absence of the e ... | 2004 | 15138081 |
| deterrent effects of four neem-based formulations on gravid female boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) feeding and oviposition on cotton squares. | three commercial neem-based insecticides, agroneem, ecozin, and neemix, and a neem seed extract formulation, bitters, containing 1,036, 16,506, 471, and 223 microg/ml azadirachtin, respectively, were assessed for feeding and oviposition deterrence against gravid female boll weevils, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, in the laboratory. in choice assays, excised cotton squares dipped in the separate formulations were first physically contacted by the weevils' tarsi or antennae fewer times than n ... | 2004 | 15154463 |
| comparison of anti-feedant and insecticidal activity of nimbin and salannin photo-oxidation products with neem (azadirachta indica) limonoids. | photo-oxidation of the neem limonoids nimbin and salannin with uv light in the presence of oxygen gives two isomeric lactone products per limonoid, nimbinolide and isonimbinolide, and salanninolide and isosalanninolide, respectively. when compared in insect tests with the important limonoids of neem seeds, azadirachtin, nimbin and salannin, isonimbinolide and isosalanninolide show activity greater than that of nimbin or salannin and in some respects show activity approaching that of azadirachtin ... | 2004 | 15154512 |
| nimbidin suppresses functions of macrophages and neutrophils: relevance to its antiinflammatory mechanisms. | nimbidin is a mixture of tetranortriterpenes and is the major active principle of the seed oil of azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae) possessing potent antiinflammatory and antiarthritic activities. the present study revealed that nimbidin significantly inhibited some of the functions of macrophages and neutrophils relevant to the inflammatory response following both in vivo and in vitro exposure. oral administration of 5-25 mg/kg nimbidin to rats for 3 consecutive days significantly inhibite ... | 2004 | 15174005 |
| evaluation of anthelmintic properties of some plants used as livestock dewormers against haemonchus contortus infections in sheep. | gastrointestinal helminth infections remain a major constraint to livestock production globally. this study evaluated anthelmintic efficacy of 7 plants used as dewormers by farmers and pastoralists in kenya. thus 3 commercial anthelmintics and 7 plant preparations were tested in lambs infected with 5000 or 3000 l3 haemonchus contortus in 4 experiments. in the first experiment, ivermectin, levamisole and albendazole were tested in 46 lambs. seven plant preparations of hagenia abyssinica, olea eur ... | 2004 | 15376783 |
| effects of aqueous extracts of garlic (allium sativum) and neem (azadirachta indica) leaf on hepatic and blood oxidant-antioxidant status during experimental gastric carcinogenesis. | the modifying effects of aqueous extracts of garlic and neem leaf during the pre-initiation and post-initiation phases of gastric carcinogenesis induced by n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine were investigated in male wistar rats. the extent of lipid peroxidation and the status of phase ii biotransformation enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase that use reduced glutathione (gsh) as substrate were used to biomonitor the chemopreventive potential of these extracts. ... | 2004 | 15383228 |
| acaricidal properties of a chenopodium-based botanical. | the emulsifiable concentrate uda-245 [25% ec (vol:vol)], based on an essential oil extract from chenopodium ambrosioides variety ambrosioides, a north american herbaceous plant, was compared with commercially available pesticides for their effectiveness to control the adult stage and egg hatch of the twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae) and the european red mite, panonychus ulmi (koch) (acari: tetranychidae). after a laboratory bioassay with adult twospotted sp ... | 2004 | 15384350 |
| insecticidal properties of a chenopodium-based botanical. | the emulsifiable concentrate uda-245 based on an essential oil extract from chenopodium ambrosioides variety near ambrosioides, a north american herbaceous plant, was compared with commercially available pesticides for their effectiveness to control green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer) (homoptera: aphididae), western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), and greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorium (westwood) (homoptera: aleyrodidae). side e ... | 2004 | 15384351 |
| biochemical effects of vepacide (from azadirachta indica) on wistar rats during subchronic exposure. | we investigated the effect of vepacide (from azadirachta indica), a neem-based pesticide, on acid (acp) and alkaline (akp) phosphatase in different tissues of male and female albino wistar rats. subchronic doses of vepacide in coconut oil (80, 160, and 320 mg/kg; maximum volume of 0.2 ml) were administered orally for 45 or 90 days. the administration of vepacide resulted in a significant increase in acp and akp in serum, kidney, lung, and liver tissue (akp only in liver), whereas a significant d ... | 2004 | 15388273 |
| clinical studies on the effect of neem (azadirachta indica) bark extract on gastric secretion and gastroduodenal ulcer. | we have shown earlier that neem (azadirachta indica) bark aqueous extract has potent antisecretory and antiulcer effects in animal models and has no significant adverse effect (bandyopadhyay et al., life sciences, 71, 2845-2865, 2002). the objective of the present study was to investigate whether neem bark extract had similar antisecretory and antiulcer effects in human subjects. for this purpose, a group of patients suffering from acid-related problems and gastroduodenal ulcers were orally trea ... | 2004 | 15454339 |
| the effect of neem (azadirachta indica) extract and dietary selenium on distribution of selenium in hepatocarcinogenesis induced rat. | neem, azadirachta indica, is a plant from the family meliaceae, known as "pokok semambu" in malay community. it has been extensively used in india as traditional ayurvedic and folklore minedicine for the treatment of various diseases. this study aimed to determine the distribution of selenium in the liver of rats during hepatocarcinogenesis when neem aqueous extract and dietary selenium was supplemented. | 2004 | 15468891 |
| effect of essential oils on the growth of fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin contamination in corn. | essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from local plants in benin, western africa, and oil from seeds of the neem tree (azadirachta indica) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their efficacy against fusarium verticillioides infection and fumonisin contamination. fumonisin in corn was quantified using a fluorometer and the vicam method. oils from cymbopogon citratus, ocimum basilicum, and ocimum gratissimum were the most effective in vitro, completely inhibiting the growth of f. vertic ... | 2004 | 15506822 |
| effects of azadirachta indica and melia azedarach (meliaceae) extracts from leaves on trypanosoma cruzi growth and ultrastructure. | the chloroformic extracts from dried fresh leaves ofazadirachta indica a. juss. and melia azedarach l. (meliaceae) showed marked inhibitory activity on epimastigotes growth of trypanosoma cruzi, evidenced by 96-wells microtiter plate bioassay and radioactive thymidine incorporation experiment. each chloroformic extract was separated using silica gel and alumina column. in transmission electron microscopy the bioactive chromatographic fractions caused ultrastructural changes in epimastigotes such ... | 2004 | 15554501 |
| larvicidal activity of a neem tree extract (neemarin) against mosquito larvae in the islamic republic of iran. | an insecticide containing azadirachtin, a neem tree (azadirachta indica) extract, was tested against mosquito larvae in the islamic republic of iran under laboratory and field conditions. lc50 and lc90 values for neemarin were 0.35 and 1.81 mg/l for anopheles stephensi, the main local malaria vector, and 0.69 and 3.18 mg/l for culex quinquefasciatus. the mortality in the pupal stage was significantly higher than the other stages. in field trials, using recommended dosages of 1 and 2 l/hectare, m ... | 2004 | 16335649 |
| suppression of branches in eucalyptus trees. | the effect of neem oil, which acts as a suckericide in tobacco, on branch suppression in eucalyptus tereticornis was assessed to help maximize stem biomass. lateral branches of selected trees were pruned, and neem oil solutions at concentrations of either 80%, 40%, 20%, 10%, or 0% (untreated control) were applied to leaf axils of the pruned branches. regeneration of branches was suppressed, and the magnitude of suppression was proportional to the concentration of neem oil. compared to the contro ... | 2004 | 21653456 |
| larvicidal action of ethanolic extracts from fruit endocarps of melia azedarach and azadirachta indica against the dengue mosquito aedes aegypti. | ethanolic extracts from the kernels of ripe fruits from the indian lilac melia azedarach and from the well-known neem tree, azadirachta indica were assayed against larvae of aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of dengue fever. the lethality bioassays were carried out according to the recommendations of the world health organization. extracts were tested at doses ranging from 0.0033 to 0.05 g% in an aqueous medium for 24 and 48 h, at 25 or 30 degrees c, with or without feeding of the larvae. lc50, ... | 2004 | 15530964 |
| laboratory evaluation of methanolic extract of atlantia monophylla (family: rutaceae) against immature stages of mosquitoes and non-target organisms. | methanolic extracts of the leaves of atlantia monophylla (rutaceae) were evaluated for mosquitocidal activity against immature stages of three mosquito species, culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, and aedes aegypti in the laboratory. larvae of cx. quinquefasciatus and pupae of an. stephensi were found more susceptible, with lc50 values of 0.14 mg/l and 0.05 mg/l, respectively. insect growth regulating activity of this extract was more pronounced against ae. aegypti, with ei50 value 0.00 ... | 2004 | 15057359 |
| laboratory evaluation of mosquito repellents against aedes albopictus, culex nigripalpus, and ochierotatus triseriatus (diptera: culicidae). | four synthetic mosquito repellents (autan [10% kbr3023], ir3535 [7.5%], off! [15% deet], skinsations [7% deet]) and eight natural (primarily plant extracts and/or essential oils) product-based repellents (bite blocker [2% soybean oil], bygone, gone!, natrapel [10% citronella], neem aura, sunswat, mosquitosafe [25% geraniol], and repel [26% p-menthane-3,8-diol]) were tested in the laboratory against aedes albopictus skuse, culex nigripalpus theobald, and ochlerotatus triseriatus (say). when estim ... | 2004 | 15311467 |
| carbon sequestration in dryland ecosystems. | drylands occupy 6.15 billion hectares (bha) or 47.2% of the world's land area. of this, 3.5 to 4.0 bha (57%-65%) are either desertified or prone to desertification. despite the low soil organic carbon (soc) concentration, total soc pool of soils of the drylands is 241 pg (1 pg = petagram = 10(15)g = 1 billion metric ton) or 15.5% of the world's total of 1550 pg to 1-meter depth. desertification has caused historic c loss of 20 to 30 pg. assuming that two-thirds of the historic loss can be resequ ... | 2004 | 15453406 |
| tetracyclic triterpenoids from the leaves of azadirachta indica. | two new tetracyclic triterpenoids zafaral [24,25,26,27-tetranorapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6alpha-methoxy-7alpha-acetoxy-1,14-dien-3,16-dione-21-al] (1) and meliacinanhydride [24,25,26,27-tetranorapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6alpha-hydroxy,11alpha-methoxy-7alpha,12alpha-diacetoxy,1,14,20(22)-trien-3-one] (2) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of neem leaves along with two known constituents nimocinol and isomeldenin. their structures and the relative configurations were determined by spectros ... | 2004 | 15381008 |
| adsorption of pb(ii) from aqueous solution by azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder. | an adsorbent was developed from the mature leaves of the neem (azadirachta indica) tree for removing pb(ii) from water. adsorption was carried out in a batch process with several different concentrations of pb(ii) by varying amount of adsorbent, ph, agitation time and temperature. the uptake of the metal was very fast initially, but gradually slowed down indicating penetration into the interior of the adsorbent particles. both first-order and second-order kinetics were tested and it was found th ... | 2004 | 15363519 |
| acute toxic effects of neem-based insecticides on crustaceans. | 2004 | 15362460 | |
| the effect of two different dental gels and a mouthwash on plaque and gingival scores: a six-week clinical study. | to evaluate the clinical efficacy of two gel formulations containing chlorhexidine gluconate and neem extract with a commercially available chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash. | 2004 | 15335093 |
| alterations in acetylcholinesterase and electrical activity in the nervous system of cockroach exposed to the neem derivative, azadirachtin. | botanical insecticides are relatively safe and biodegradable, and are readily available sources of bioinsecticides. in recent years, the neem derivative, azadirachtin, has been examined as an alternative to synthetic insecticides because of its broad-spectrum insecticidal action. because many of the natural products and synthetic compounds used in the control of insect pests are known to exhibit electrophysiological effects, in this paper we focused our studies on the alterations in the activity ... | 2004 | 15327876 |
| aquatic mesocosm assessments of a neem (azadirachtin) insecticide at environmentally realistic concentrations--2: zooplankton community responses and recovery. | a neem-based insecticide, neemix 4.5, was applied to forest pond enclosures at environmentally realistic concentrations (i.e., below the worst-case expected environmental concentration of 35 microg l(-1)). crustacean zooplankton communities were examined by multivariate ordination (nonmetric multidimensional scaling) and time-course analyses of population trends among indicator taxa over two field seasons to determine application effects on community structure and recovery patterns. significant ... | 2004 | 15327875 |
| biological activity of volatile di-n-propyl disulfide from seeds of neem, azadirachta indica (meliaceae), to two species of stored grain pests, sitophilus oryzae (l.) and tribolium castaneum (herbst). | head space volatiles, including 73% di-n-propyl disulfide, were collected from freshly crushed neem seeds. this compound along with previously reported diallyl disulfide (di-2-propenyl disulfide) were toxic when applied topically or as a fumigant to tribolium castaneum adults and 8-, 12-, and 16-d-old larvae, and sitophilus oryzae adults. di-n-propyl disulfide significantly decreased the growth rate and dietary utilization with moderate inhibition of food consumption in both insects. the total c ... | 2004 | 15279303 |
| behavioral and developmental effects of neem extracts on clavigralla scutellaris (hemiptera: heteroptera: coreidae) and its egg parasitoid, gryon fulviventre (hymenoptera: scelionidae). | extracts of neem, azadirachta indica a. juss, negatively affected feeding and development of clavigralla scutellaris (westwood), a coreid pest of pigeonpea, cajanus cajan (l.) millspaugh. labial dabbing, pod wall penetration, and seed damage by fifth instars were significantly reduced on beans, phaseolus vulgaris (l.), that had been dipped in aqueous, methanolic, or hexane extracts of neem seed kernel. when fourth instars were dipped directly into aqueous extract, developmental abnormalities of ... | 2004 | 15279272 |
| effects of azadirachtin/neemazal on different stages and adult life table parameters of trichogramma cacoeciae (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae). | the effects of azadirachtin/neemazal on adults, emergence, and life table parameters of trichogramma cacoeciae marchal were studied. the adults were exposed to fresh residues of the insecticide applied on glass plates. based on the dose-response study, the lc50 value was 1330 ppm or 13.3 microg (ai)/ml. the effect of neemazal on three developmental stages of the parasitoid was tested by dipping parasitized sitotroga cerealella (olivier) and cydia pomonella (l.) eggs at the field-recommended conc ... | 2004 | 15279270 |
| use of plants to monitor contamination of air by so2 in and around refinery. | the generation of so2 from a refinery may affect the surrounding environment. moreover, so2 and its by-products are phytotoxic as berg. this study aims to investigate plant responses to so2. the work has been designed with emphasis on using the plants directly in monitoring the contamination of the atmospheric air by so2. an assessment was made of the impacts of long-term so2 emissions from an oil refinery on plants located in nearby areas that are likely to be exposed to emission fallout. three ... | 2004 | 15244337 |
| preparation and evaluation of herbal shampoo powder. | two preparations of herbal shampoo powder were formulated using some common traditional drugs used by folk and traditional people of bundelkhand region (m.p) india, for hair care. the preparations were formulated using bahera, amla, neem tulsi, shikakai henna & brahmi evaluated for organoleptic, powder charecterestics, foam test and physical evaluation. as the selected drugs being used since long time as single drug or in combination, present investigations will further help to establish a stand ... | 2004 | 22557149 |
| neem--an omnipotent plant: a retrospection. | neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) has universally been accepted as a wonder tree because of its diverse utility. multidirectional therapeutic uses of neem have been known in india since the vedic times. besides its therapeutic efficacies, neem has already established its potential as a source of naturally occurring insecticide, pesticide and agrochemicals. safe and economically cheaper uses of different parts of neem in the treatment of various diseases and in agriculture are discussed in this ... | 2004 | 15185362 |
| rapid synthesis of au, ag, and bimetallic au core-ag shell nanoparticles using neem (azadirachta indica) leaf broth. | we report on the use of neem (azadirachta indica) leaf broth in the extracellular synthesis of pure metallic silver and gold nanoparticles and bimetallic au/ag nanoparticles. on treatment of aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and chloroauric acid with neem leaf extract, the rapid formation of stable silver and gold nanoparticles at high concentrations is observed to occur. the silver and gold nanoparticles are polydisperse, with a large percentage of gold particles exhibiting an interesting fla ... | 2004 | 15178278 |
| azadirachta indica leaf powder as an effective biosorbent for dyes: a case study with aqueous congo red solutions. | in the present work, the leaves of azadirachta indica (locally known as the neem tree) in the form of a powder were investigated as a biosorbent of dyes taking aqueous congo red solution as a model system. the sorbent was made from mature neem leaves and was investigated in a batch reactor under variable system parameters such as concentration of the aqueous dye solution, agitation time, adsorbent amount, ph, and temperature. an amount of 0.6 g of the neem leaf powder (nlp) per litre could remov ... | 2004 | 15158285 |
| genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride and azadirachtin treated singly and in combination in fish. | the genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride (cdcl(2)) and azadirachtin (aza) were assessed singly and conjointly in a fish, oreochromis mossambicus, with endpoints such as chromosome aberrations, abnormal red cell nuclei, abnormal sperm morphology, and protein content (both qualitative and quantitative) of selected tissues, namely, muscle, heart, eye, brain, gill, liver, spleen, and kidney. the primary objectives were, first, to examine if cdcl(2), a common pollutant, and aza, a natural product of ... | 2004 | 15157573 |
| [mite sprays with neem oil--recommended?]. | 2004 | 15137590 | |
| some ecological implications of a neem (azadirachtin) insecticide disturbance to zooplankton communities in forest pond enclosures. | a neem-based insecticide, neemix 4.5, was applied to forest pond enclosures at concentrations of 10, 17, and 28 microg l(-1) azadirachtin (the active ingredient). at these test concentrations, significant, concentration-dependent reductions in numbers of adult copepods were observed, but immature copepod and cladoceran populations were unaffected. there was no evidence of recovery of adult copepods within the sampling season (may to october). the ecological significance of this disturbance to th ... | 2004 | 15063074 |
| management of root lesion nematode, pratylenchus delattrei in crossandra using oil cakes. | selected oil cakes, neem, castor and mahua, were tried independently and in combination with a chemical nematicide (carbofuran 3g) for the management of pratylenchus delattrei in crossandra under glass house conditions. the neem oil cake was effective compared to other oil cakes used and there was a synergistic effect when the neemcake was coupled with carbofuran 3g in the management of pratylenchus delattrei. the treatment resulted in better establishment of seedlings, and with increased plant ... | 2004 | 15062820 |
| protective effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract on n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. | we evaluated the effects of pretreatment with ethanolic neem leaf extract on n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng)-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in male swiss albino mice. the frequency of micronuclei (mn), concentrations of lipid peroxides and the status of the antioxidants, reduced glutathione (gsh), glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) were used as intermediate biomarkers of chemoprotection. animals were divided into four groups of five animals ea ... | 2004 | 15038245 |
| neem (azadirachta indica) leaf mediated immune activation causes prophylactic growth inhibition of murine ehrlich carcinoma and b16 melanoma. | conditional growth inhibition of murine ehrlich carcinoma (ec) and b16 melanoma (b16mel) was observed, following treatment of mice (swiss and c57bl/6) with aqueous extract of neem (azadirachta indica) (1 unit/mice/week for 4 weeks) either before or after inoculation of 1 x 10(6) tumor cells. tumor inoculation after weekly injections for 4 weeks with neem leaf preparation (nlp) induced significant reduction of tumor growth (both ec and b16mel) and increased survivability of mice. on the other han ... | 2004 | 15037213 |
| in vitro morphogenesis in zygotic embryo cultures of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.). | immature zygotic embryo cultures of neem yielded highly regenerative cultures, with the response varying with the embryo stage at culture. early dicotyledonous stage embryos were the most responsive followed by torpedo stage embryos. the embryo cultures differentiated three types of regenerants: somatic embryos (ses), shoot buds and neomorphs. ses exhibited morphological abnormalities such as pluricotyledony, fusion of cotyledons and absence of cotyledons. although these ses showed secondary emb ... | 2004 | 14986057 |
| molluscicidal effects of neem (azadirachta indica) extracts on edible tropical land snails. | the effects of 350, 500 and 700 mg kg(-1) of crude extracts of neem, azadirachta indica a juss, on edible tropical land snails archachatina marginata and limicolaria aurora (jay) were determined and compared with control using pawpaw, carica papaya l as bait. responses were measured through normal feeding, cessation of food intake, cessation of crawling, mucus secretion, lack of response to mechanical stimuli (mortality) and decomposition. results showed no effects on the controls or snails expo ... | 2004 | 14971686 |
| neem leaves as a source of fertilizer-cum-pesticide vermicompost. | vermicomposting of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) was accomplished in "high-rate" reactors operated at the earthworm (eudrilus eugeniae) densities of 62.5 and 75 animals per litre of reactor volume. contrary to the fears that neem--a powerful nematicide--might not be palatable to the annelids, the earthworms fed voraciously on the neem compost, converting upto 7% of the feed into vermicompost per day. indeed the worms grew faster and reproduced more rapidly in the neem-fed vermireactors than ... | 2004 | 14766163 |
| analysis of neem oils by lc-ms and degradation kinetics of azadirachtin-a in a controlled environment. characterization of degradation products by hplc-ms-ms. | since it was first isolated, the oil extracted from seeds of neem (azadirachtin indica a juss) has been extensively studied in terms of its efficacy as an insecticide. several industrial formulations are produced as emulsifiable solutions containing a stated titer of the active ingredient azadirachtin-a (az-a). the work reported here is the characterization of a formulation of this insecticide marketed under the name of neem-azal t/s and kinetic studies of the major active ingredient of this for ... | 2004 | 14685815 |
| epidemiological study of dental caries. | a total of 2000 children (1-14 year age group) attending pediatric opd, school clinic & well body clinic of dr. r.n. cooper municipal hospital & k.e.m hospital, mumbai were examined for caries prevalence and 35.6% had dental caries. parental income was not shown to have any bearing on caries prevalence. parental literacy, particularly maternal literacy was shown to influence caries prevalence in children. the prevalence was low in well-nourished children and in those taking vegetarian type of di ... | 2004 | 10773954 |
| neem oil poisoning. | 2004 | 7141505 | |
| behavioural responses of diamondback moth plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) to extracts derived from melia azedarach and azadirachta indica. | the impact of three different doses of botanical insecticide derived from the syringa tree, melia azedarach and the neem tree, azadirachta indica was tested on the behaviour of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (linnaeus). both botanical insecticides had a significant impact on larval behaviour. at higher doses the extracts showed feeding deterrent activity, with larvae preferring the untreated sides of cabbage leaves and consuming less of the treated half of cabbage leaves. the botanica ... | 2005 | 16197566 |
| optimization of the separation of flavonoids using solvent-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. | in this work the separation of eighteen flavonoids was attempted using reduced-flow micellar elektrokinetic chromatography (rf-mekc) electrolytes modified by selected solvents with differing properties: methanol (meoh), acetonitrile (acn) and tetrahydrofuran (thf). structural aspects such as unsaturation of the c ring, number and position of oh groups, methylation and glycosylation as well as solvent effects and their impact on the electrophoretic behavior of flavonoids were addressed. by evalua ... | 2005 | 16143970 |
| balanced nitrogen economy as a flexible strategy on yield stabilizing and quality of aquatic food crops in wetland ecosystem. | in wetland ecosystem, nitrogen along with other elements and its management is most imperative for the production of so many aquatic food, non-food and beneficial medicinal plants and for the improvement of soil and water characteristics. with great significant importance of inm (integrated nutrient management) as sources, emphasizing on management on nitrogen as a key element and its divergence, a case study was undertaken on such aquatic food crops (starch and protein-rich, most popular and re ... | 2005 | 20549452 |
| modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes by ethanolic neem leaf extract during hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. | chemoprevention by medicinal plants is a promising approach for controlling cancer. there is substantial evidence to indicate that chemopreventive agents exert their anticarcinogenic effects by modulation of phase i and phase ii xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. therefore, we examined the chemopreventive potential of ethanolic neem leaf extract (enle) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced hamster buccal pouch (hbp) carcinogenesis. hamsters were divided into four groups of six animals e ... | 2005 | 16110755 |
| azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder as a biosorbent for removal of cd(ii) from aqueous medium. | a biosorbent, neem leaf powder (nlp), was prepared from the mature leaves of the azadirachta indica (neem) tree by initial cleaning, drying, grinding, washing to remove pigments and redrying. the powder was characterized with respect to specific surface area (21.45 m2g(-1)), surface topography and surface functional groups and the material was used as an adsorbent in a batch process to remove cd(ii) from aqueous medium under conditions of different concentrations, nlp loadings, ph, agitation tim ... | 2005 | 15961221 |
| effects of neem and spinosad on ceratothripoides claratris (thysanoptera: thripidae), an important vegetable pest in thailand, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. | toxicity of three biopesticides, i.e., two neem products and spinosad, was determined on foliage-dwelling life stages of ceratothripoides claratris (shumsher) (thysanoptera: thripidae), a major thrips pest on tomatoes, lycopersicon spp., in central thailand. direct and residual contact toxicities of neemazal-ts (1% azadirachtin) and systemic activity of neemazal-md 5 (5% azadirachtin) affected the survival of first larval stage (l1) in a concentration-dependent manner. however, neither second la ... | 2005 | 15889736 |
| epo neem patent revocation revives biopiracy debate. | 2005 | 15877054 | |
| medicinal properties of neem leaves: a review. | azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, has attracted worldwide prominence in recent years, owing to its wide range of medicinal properties. neem has been extensively used in ayurveda, unani and homoeopathic medicine and has become a cynosure of modern medicine. neem elaborates a vast array of biologically active compounds that are chemically diverse and structurally complex. more than 140 compounds have been isolated from different parts of neem. all parts of the neem tree- leaves, flowers, ... | 2005 | 15777222 |
| the isomeric compounds nimbolide and isonimbolide. | nimbolide [systematic name: (4alpha,5alpha,6alpha,7alpha,15beta,17alpha)-7,15:21,23-diepoxy-6-hydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-1-oxo-18,24-dinor-11,12-secochola-2,13,20,22-tetraene-4,11-dicarboxylic acid gamma-lactone methyl ester], c27h30o7, was isolated from the leaves of azadirachta indica, and its isomer, isonimbolide [systematic name: (4alpha,5alpha,6alpha,7alpha,15alpha)-7,15:21,23-diepoxy-6-hydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-1-oxo-18,24-dinor-11,12-secochola-2,16,20,22-tetraene-4,11-dicarboxylic acid gamma-lactone ... | 2005 | 15699572 |
| citronella as an insect repellent in food packaging. | of five commercial plant extracts (citronella, garlic oil, neem extract, pine oil, and pyrethrum), citronella was found to be effective in deterring the infestation of cartons containing muesli and wheat germ by red flour beetles. the chemical components were applied as part of a coating on the carton board. in an experimental set up that accelerates infestation over a 2 week period, citronella-treated cartons (0.2 g/m2 of carton board) reduced beetle infestation to approximately 50% of the leve ... | 2005 | 15913337 |
| effects of neem limonoids on the malaria vector anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | the effects of the neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) limonoids azadirachtin, salannin, deacetylgedunin, gedunin, 17-hydroxyazadiradione and deacetylnimbin on anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae) were investigated. in exploring advantages of pure neem limonoids, we studied the larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal and antiovipositional activity of neem limonoids. azadirachtin, salannin and deacetylgedunin showed high bioactivity at all doses, while the rest of the neem limonoids were less ... | 2005 | 16112073 |
| comparative efficacy of annona squamosa linn. and pongamia glabra vent. to azadirachta indica a. juss against mosquitoes. | 2005 | 16457387 | |
| balanced nitrogen economy as a flexible strategy on yield stabilizing and quality of aquatic food crops in wetland ecosystem. | in wetland ecosystem, nitrogen along with other elements and its management is most imperative for the production of so many aquatic food, non-food and beneficial medicinal plants and for the improvement of soil and water characteristics. with great significant importance of inm (integrated nutrient management) as sources, emphasizing on management on nitrogen as a key element and its divergence, a case study was undertaken on such aquatic food crops (starch and protein-rich, most popular and re ... | 2005 | 16512219 |
| effect of fertilizers and neem cake amendment in soil on spore germination of arthrobotrys dactyloides. | application of fertilizers such as urea, diammonium phosphate (dap) and muriate of potash in soil adversely affected the spore germination of arthrobotrys dactyloides. amendment of soil with urea at the concentrations of 1.0%, 0.5% and 0.1% completely inhibited spore germination and direct trap formation on the conidium, whereas muriate of potash delayed and reduced the spore germination even at the lowest concentration. dap also inhibited spore germination at 1.0% concentration, while at lower ... | 2005 | 24049500 |
| nonhormonal drugs for contraception in men: a systematic review. | nonhormonal drugs for contraception in men may have advantages over hormonal methods. the nonhormonal methods can have more rapid onset and less interference with androgen-dependent functions. this systematic review summarizes the clinical studies evaluating nonhormonal drugs administered to men for contraception. relevant clinical results were found for gossypol, which is derived from the cotton plant, and for extracts of tripterygium, a plant used in chinese traditional medicine. randomized, c ... | 2005 | 16250923 |
| in vitro assessment of anti - cutaneous leishmaniasis activity of some sudanese plants. | examination of crude methanol extracts of four sudanese plants (azadirachta indica, acacia nilotica, balanites aegyptiaca and allium sativa) revealed that only three species had a considerable in-vitro anti-leishmanial activity on leishmania major promastigotes. the plants azadrachta indica, allium sativa, and acacia nilotica gave a lc50 of 10.2, 4.94, and 89.38 microg/ml, respectively. extracts of balanites aegyptiaca had a moderate biological activity on l major promastigotes. | 2005 | 17167733 |
| neem seed extract containing azadirachtin affects mortality, growth, and immunological function in the whipscorpion mastigoproctus giganteus (lucas) (arachnida, uropygi). | 2005 | 16400548 | |
| fungitoxicity of some higher plants and synergistic activity of their essential oils against sclerotium rolfsii sacc. causing foot-rot disease of barley. | twenty five plant species were screened for their volatile components against hyphal growth and sclerotia formation of sclerotium rolfsii causing foot rot disease of barley (hordeum vulgare). leaves of chenopodium ambrosioides (ca), lippia alba (la), azadirachta indica (ai) and eucalyptus globulus (eg) were found to be strongly toxic. their volatile active factors were isolated in the form of essential oils which were tested for toxicity individually and in six combinations (1:1 v/v) viz. ca-la, ... | 2005 | 18697732 |
| mitigating nitrous oxide and methane emissions from soil in rice-wheat system of the indo-gangetic plain with nitrification and urease inhibitors. | mitigation of methane (ch4) and nitrous oxide (n2o) emissions from soil is important to reduce the global warming. efficacy of five nitrification inhibitors, i.e. neem (azadirachta melia) cake, thiosulphate, coated calcium carbide, neem oil coated urea and dicyandiamide (dcd) and one urease inhibitor, hydroquinone, in mitigating n2o and ch4 emissions from fertilized soil was tested in rice-wheat system in the indo-gangetic plains. the closed chamber technique was used for the collection of gas s ... | 2005 | 15571746 |
| antifilarial activity of azadirachta indica on cattle filarial parasite setaria cervi. | alcohol and aqueous extracts of flowers of azadirachta indica were tested in vitro for their potential antifilarial activity against whole worm, nerve muscle (n.m.) preparation and microfilariae of setaria cervi. the effects of alcohol and aqueous extracts were similar in nature on the spontaneous movements of whole worm and nerve muscle preparation. on the whole worm, the response was characterized by initial increase in tone, rate and amplitude of contractions followed by reversible paralysis. ... | 2005 | 15664463 |
| neuroprotective effect of azadirachta indica on cerebral post-ischemic reperfusion and hypoperfusion in rats. | we assessed the effect of azadirachta indica (a. indica), a plant that has been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties, on cerebral reperfusion injury and long term cerebral hypoperfusion. when blood flow to brain region that has undergone critical period of ischemia is re-established, additional injury is to be expected from the reperfusion. in the present study, bilateral common carotid artery (bcca) occlusion for 30 min followed by 45 min reperfusion resu ... | 2005 | 15670613 |
| isoprene emission from tropical tree species. | foliar emission of isoprene was measured in nine commonly growing tree species of delhi, india. dynamic flow enclosure technique was used and gas samples were collected onto tenax-gc/carboseive cartridges, which were then attached to the sample injection system in the gas chromatograph (gc). eluting compounds were analysed using a flame ionisation detector (fid). out of the nine tree species, isoprene emission was found in six species (eucalyptus sp., ficus benghalensis, ficus religiosa, mangife ... | 2005 | 15701397 |
| antioxidant activity of siamese neem tree (vp1209). | leaves, fruits, flowers and stem bark extracts from the siamese neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss var. siamensis valeton, meliaceae) were assessed for antioxidant activity in vitro using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (dpph) scavenging assay, total antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in chago k1 cancer cell culture by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) method. the results showed that leaf aqueous extract, flower and stem bark ethanol extracts exhibi ... | 2005 | 15848028 |
| hymenopteran parasitoids of diamondback moth (lepidoptera: ypeunomutidae) in northern thailand. | larvae of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: ypeunomutidae), cause severe economic damage to cabbage, brassica oleracea l. variety capitata (brassicaceae) and related vegetables in thailand. overuse of broad-spectrum insecticides for diamondback moth control is a serious problem and has obscured the contributions of indigenous parasitoids. our objectives were to identify indigenous diamondback moth parasitoids in northern thailand and to assess their potential for natur ... | 2005 | 15889737 |
| azadirachtin-impregnated traps for the control of dermanyssus gallinae. | the effect of neem oil (azadirachtin), originating from the tree azadirachta indica, was investigated as a potential compound to control the poultry red mite, dermanyssus gallinae. in vitro tests were performed to determine the most appropriate formulation of neem extracts and concentration of the substance to be used. cardboard traps containing 20% neem oil were placed at the mites' aggregation sites, out of reach of the hens, in a floor system for layers containing approximately 2400 birds. tr ... | 2005 | 15890446 |
| immunostimulatory neem leaf preparation acts as an adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of poorly immunogenic b16 melanoma surface antigen vaccine. | immunogenecity of the poorly immunogenic b16 melanoma cell surface antigen (b16melsag) was enhanced by combining b16melsag with nlp in c57bl/6 mice, as evidenced by elisa and flow cytometry. nlp was as effective as freund's complete and incomplete adjuvant to generate antibodies recognizing the b16melsag. the nlp generated antibody was a gamma globulin with a subtype of igg1. splenic lymphocytes from b16melsag+nlp treated mice proliferated more rapidly in vitro when stimulated by specific (b16me ... | 2005 | 15914339 |
| extracts of azadirachta indica and melia azedarach seeds inhibit folliculogenesis in albino rats. | the seed oil of azadirachta indica a. juss (neem) is used in traditional medicine for its antidiabetic, spermicidal, antifertility, antibacterial, and wound healing properties. the present study was undertaken to investigate the quantitative aspects of follicular development in cyclic female albino rats (135 +/- 10 g; 8 groups with 6 animals in each group) after oral administration of polar (pf) and non-polar (npf) fractions of a. indica seed extract at 3 and 6 mg kg body weight-1 day-1 and meli ... | 2005 | 15933789 |
| morphological alterations in toxigenic aspergillus parasiticus exposed to neem (azadirachta indica) leaf and seed aqueous extracts. | the mode of action of the extracts prepared from neem plant i.e., azadirachta indica on aflatoxin formation in toxigenic aspergillus species is not well understood. aflatoxin production by a. parasiticus was suppressed depending on the concentration of the plant aqueous extract (0, 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, and 50% v/v) added to the culture media at the time of spore inoculation. aflatoxin production in fungal mycelia grown for 96 h in culture media containing 50% neem leaf and seed extracts was i ... | 2005 | 15983743 |
| effect of aqueous leaf extract of azadirachta indica on the reproductive organs in male mice. | effect of oral administration (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight/day, for 28 days) of aqucous leaf extract of neem (azadirachta indica) on the male reproductive organs of the parkes (p) strain mice was investigated. the treatment had no effect on body weight and the reproductive organs weight. in treated mice, testes showed both normal and affected seminiferous tubules in the same sections; the affected seminiferous tubules showed intraepithelial vacuolation, loosening of germinal epithelium, m ... | 2005 | 16313072 |
| studies on the management of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, fusarium oxysporum disease complex of green gram, vigna radiata cv ml-1108. | studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy of carbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem (azadirachta indica) seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould (trichoderma harzianum) at 50.0 ml/kg soil, rhizobacteria (pseudomonas fluorescens) at 50.0 ml/kg soil against root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, fusarium oxysporum disease complex on green gram, vigna radiata cv ml-1108. all the treatments significantly improved ... | 2005 | 16052706 |
| phase i safety study of praneem polyherbal vaginal tablet use among hiv-uninfected women in pune, india. | praneem polyherbal formulations containing purified extracts of azadirachta indica (neem tree) have shown activity against hiv and sexually transmitted disease pathogens in studies in vitro. the product also has contraceptive properties. this has prompted its development as a possible microbicide. we evaluated the safety of praneem polyherbal tablet use among hiv-uninfected women. twenty eligible women were enrolled in a phase i open-label study requiring 14 days of consecutive intravaginal use ... | 2005 | 16084547 |
| phenolic acids in neem (azadirachta indica): a major pre-existing secondary metabolites. | high performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) analyses of various parts (fresh and dry bark of stem, mature and tender leaves, flower and different parts of fruit, i.e., raw and ripe fruit epicarp, mesocarp and seed) of neem (azadirachta indica), which occupies an important place in socio-cultural-religious life in indian communities, indicate that neem is rich in pre-existing secondary metabolites (phenolic acids). dry bark showed only tannic acid but in fresh bark three phenolic acids were ob ... | 2005 | 16093234 |
| effect of dianex, a herbal formulation on experimentally induced diabetes mellitus. | dianex, a polyherbal formulation consisting of the aqueous extracts of gymnema sylvestre, eugenia jambolana, momordica charantia azadirachta indica, cassia auriculata, aegle marmelose, withania somnifera and curcuma longa was screened for hypoglycemic activity in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. dianex was administered in different doses of 100-500 mg/kg/day orally in acute (6 h) and long-term (6 weeks) studies. blood glucose levels were checked 2-6 h after treatment in acute stu ... | 2005 | 16106394 |